Search

Cocona is native to Amazon, rich in 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the inlet air temperature (120-180 °C) and of the combination of encapsulating agents maltodextrin and hydrolyzed collagen (MD:HC, 0:100-100:0), on cocona powders, by central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The main results were: solids recovery of 30.9-68.2%, antioxidant capacities of 98.6-141.3 mM TE/g (FRAP) and 53.1-143.3 mM TE/g (ABTS), 5-CQA of 99.7-670.8 µg/g and encapsulation efficiency of 91.2-98.1%. The best parameters, by CCRD were an MD:HC of 20:80 and a temperature of 120 °C, with high values of FRAP (88.12 mM TE/g), ABTS (81.39 mM TE/g), 5-CQA (532.20 µg/g), and encapsulation efficiency (95.97%). Additionally, cocona powder was evaluated for hygroscopicity (17.14 g/100 g), solubility (76.51%), morphology and color. It is, therefore, a good alternative to enhancing foods, given the bioactive properties of the fruit and of HC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First study to analyze benzophenone and related compounds in açaí -based products. • Dilute-and-shoot approach was combined with metal-containing ionic liquids (MCILs). • Multivariate optimization was used for the in-situ formation of MCILs. • Suitable values for recovery (85–107 %) and precision (≤13 % RSD) were achieved. For the first time, benzophenone and related compounds were investigated in açaí -based food products. An extraction method based on the dilute-and-shoot approach, combined with the use of in-situ formed metal-containing ionic liquids (MCILs) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography, was developed and validated. A nickel and cobalt-based MCIL, in addition to the ratio of MCIL to lithium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide salt ([Li+][NTf 2 −]) for the ensuing metathesis reaction, were optimized. Parameters of the in-situ formed MCIL step, namely, the amount of MCIL, centrifugation time, and dilution step, were analyzed using a multivariate optimization approach, including central composite rotatable design and Derringer and Suich's tool. Optimum extraction performance was achieved using 50.98 mg of nickel-based MCIL and a MCIL to ([Li+][NTf 2 −]) ratio of 1:3 (m/m), a centrifuge time of 22 min, and 10.53 mL of water for the dilution step. This condition was used to perform analytical validation, which yielded satisfactory results with R 2 ≥ 0.995, limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.0025 to 0.5 mg kg−1, and limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.008 and 1.5 mg kg−1. The recovery rate ranged from 87 % to 107 % and precision values (as percent relative standard deviation) were equal or lower than 13 %. The validated method was applied to 25 samples of açaí -based food products purchased from Brazil and the United States. None of the samples showed analyte concentration levels above the LOD. The method's suitability was demonstrated for future monitoring of complex samples, such as foodstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baby bottles made of polypropylene, Tritan® and silicone were evaluated regarding the migration of non-volatile compounds using UPLC-QTOF-MS. Twenty-seven compounds were identified. In all polypropylene samples the migration of 2.2′-(tridecylimino)bis-ethanol and derivatives thereof were detected in concentrations below the specific migration limit (1.2 mg.kg−1). Furthermore, clarifying agents and glycerol derivatives were detected. Tritan baby bottle showed the migration of one slip additive. On the other hand, twenty compounds were detected in silicone baby bottles. Most of them were unknown compounds derived from acrylates. Once the migrants were identified, the risk assessment was carried out using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. The risk assessment of migrants coming from silicone samples showed levels above the threshold recommended as safe for babies. Unlabelled Image • Baby bottles made of polypropylene, Tritan, and silicone were studied. • Twenty-seven migrants were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS. • Intentionally added substances were identified in polypropylene baby bottles. • Cure additives were detected coming from silicone baby bottle. • Risk assessment showed levels above the threshold recommended by Cramer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pasteurization and HPP enable a 5-log CFU reduction of yeasts, molds, and some bacteria in açai. • HPP is a suitable replacement for pasteurization. • HPP should be followed by other non-thermal technologies to inactivate enzymes. Açai (Euterpe oleracea) is one of the main sustainable extractive crops in the Amazon region, widely consumed by the local population and a significant export product. This review presents the current knowledge regarding nonthermal technologies employed in açai processing. This review aims to discuss and compare the main results attained by the application of HPP, ultrasound, ozone, UV light, cold plasma, and pulsed electric field on microbial inactivation, enzymatic inhibition, and the content of anthocyanin and other bioactive compounds after açai pulp processing. The discussion compares these technologies with pasteurization, the current main technology applied to açai sanitization. This review shows that there are still many gaps to be filled concerning açai processing in thermal and non-thermal technologies. Data analysis allowed the conclusion that pasteurization and HPP are, up to now, the only technologies that enable a 5-log CFU reduction of yeasts, molds, and some bacteria in açai. However, no study has reported the inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi , which is the major gap found in current knowledge. Other technologies, such as pulsed electric field, cold plasma, and ultrasound, require further development and process intensification studies to be as successful as HPP and pasteurization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We used a low-cost NIR spectrometer to identify of adulteration in butter cheese. • PCA applied to spectral data separated fraudulent samples with > 20% soybean oil. • PLS-DA models allowed identification of authentic samples with 94.44% accuracy. • PLS-DA models showed good performance to identify tampering in real situations. • Percentage of adulteration can be estimated with excellent accuracy. Artisanal cheeses are highly valued around the world for their distinct sensory characteristics, thus being prone to adulteration by substituting authentic material for cheaper products, such as vegetable oil. In this work, we developed a method based on a portable NIR spectrometer as a non-destructive and low-cost alternative to identify adulteration in butter cheese. Dataset consisted of authentic and intentionally adulterated cheeses in the laboratory and commercial cheeses, which were identified as authentic and adulterated with vegetable oil after analysis of the fatty acid profile. PLS-DA classification models identified adulterated samples with an accuracy of 94.44%. PLS prediction models showed excellent performance (RPD > 3.0) to predict the adulterant level. These results demonstrate that NIR spectra can be used to identify the replacement of authentic fat by soybean oil in butter cheese and that the developed models can be used to identify adulteration in external samples with good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NIR-HSI is implemented for cinnamon species authentication. • Phenolic compounds are the main variability source in cinnamon species. • PLS-DA is more suitable to identify C. verum samples. • SVM performed better than PLS-DA to identify C. cassia. • CCR was improved by using image approaches. Cinnamon is a valuable aromatic spice widely used in pharmaceutical and food industry. Commonly, two-cinnamon species are available in the market, Cinnamomum verum (true cinnamon), cropped only in Sri Lanka, and Cinnamomum cassia (false cinnamon), cropped in different geographical origins. Thus, this work aimed to develop classification models based on NIR-hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) coupled to chemometrics to classify C. verum and C. cassia sticks. First, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore hyperspectral images. Scores surface displayed the high similarity between species supported by comparable macronutrient concentration. PC3 allowed better class differentiation compared to PC1 and PC2, with loadings exhibiting peaks related to phenolics/aromatics compounds, such as coumarin (C. cassia) or catechin (C. verum). Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Support vector machine (SVM) reached similar performance to classify samples according to origin, with error = 3.3 % and accuracy = 96.7 %. A permutation test with p < 0.05 validated PLS-DA predictions have real spectral data dependency, and they are not result of chance. Pixel-wise (approach A) and sample-wise (approach B, C and D) classification maps reached a correct classification rate (CCR) of 98.3 % for C. verum and 100 % for C. cassia. NIR-HSI supported by classification chemometrics tools can be used as reliable analytical method for cinnamon authentication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a comparison of Soxhlet extraction (LPSE-SOX), percolation (LPSE-PE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) forthe recovery of carotenoid-rich extracts from pressed palm fiber (PPF) was carried out in terms of yield, carotenoid profile and economic viability to evaluate the methods’ industrial applicability. An optimization study was performed for each extraction technique with ethanol at a solvent/feed ratio of 20. The independent variables were temperature (35-55 °C), pressure (0.1-8 MPa) and flow rate (1.6, 2.4g/min). The results showed that the global extraction yield obtained using LPSE-SOX (96 ±4 mg extract/g PPF d.b.) after 6 h was higher than that obtained using LPSE-PE (74 ± 5 mg extract/g PPF d.b., 35 °C, 2.4g/min) or PLE (44±3 mg extract/g PPF d.b., 55 °C, 4MPa, 2.4g/min) after dynamic extraction time of 17 min under optimized conditions. On the other hand, the carotenoid yield obtained using PLE (305 ± 18 μg α-carotene/g extract and 713 ± 46 μg β-carotene/g extract) was higher than the obtained by LPSE-SOX (142 ± 13 μg α-carotene/g extract and 317 ± 46 μg β-carotene/g extract). PLE technique showed the highest selectivity for carotenoids than LPSE techniques. The lowest cost of manufacturing (COM) were obtained for LPSE-PE and PLE with values of US$13.4 and US$29.2/kg extract for a 0.5 m³ vessel capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 21 pesticides and 4 aflatoxins were monitored in baby food marketed in Brazil, applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS). The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method combined with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up was applied and primary secondary amine (PSA), octadecylsilane (C18) and C18 with silica coated with zirconium dioxide (Z-Sep+) were used during the clean-up stage. Suitable performance criteria, set by the SANTE/2020/12830 guidelines, were achieved, and therefore, all targeted analytes were successfully validated. The method was applied to the analysis of 50 baby food samples. Cypermethrin was detected at 10.3 μg kg−1 (above maximum residue level (MRL) established by the European Union (EU)). Furthermore, suspect screening analysis was performed for reliable identification of contaminants not included in this study such as other pesticides, mycotoxins, hormones, veterinary drugs and their metabolites. Finally 10 pesticides and one metabolite were detected, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed approach. • LC-HRMS was used to determine 21 pesticides and 4 aflatoxins in baby food. • Validated method with suitable values of linearity, trueness, precision and LOQs. • 68% of the samples were contaminated with at least one targeted pesticide. • Cypermethrin was detected at a level that exceeded MRL established by EU. • 10 parent compounds and one metabolite were detected by suspect screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally from Asia, Dovyalis hebecarpa is a dark purple/red exotic berry now also produced in Brazil. However, no reports were found in the literature about phenolic extraction or characterisation of this berry. In this study we evaluate the extraction optimisation of anthocyanins and total phenolics in D. hebecarpa berries aiming at the development of a simple and mild analytical technique. Multivariate analysis was used to optimise the extraction variables (ethanol:water:acetone solvent proportions, times, and acid concentrations) at different levels. Acetone/water (20/80 v/v) gave the highest anthocyanin extraction yield, but pure water and different proportions of acetone/water or acetone/ethanol/water (with >50% of water) were also effective. Neither acid concentration nor time had a significant effect on extraction efficiency allowing to fix the recommended parameters at the lowest values tested (0.35% formic acid v/v, and 17.6 min). Under optimised conditions, extraction efficiencies were increased by 31.5% and 11% for anthocyanin and total phenolics, respectively as compared to traditional methods that use more solvent and time. Thus, the optimised methodology increased yields being less hazardous and time consuming than traditional methods. Finally, freeze-dried D. hebecarpa showed high content of target phytochemicals (319 mg/100 g and 1421 mg/100 g of total anthocyanin and total phenolic content, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of ten cultivars of Highbush and Rabbiteye Brazilian blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. and Vacciniumashei Reade, respectively) that are used for commercial production were analysed for antioxidant activity by the FRAP, ORAC, ABTS and β-carotene-linoleate methods. Results were correlated to the amounts of carotenoids, total phenolics and anthocyanins. Brazilian blueberries had relatively high concentration of total phenolics (1622-3457 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g DW) and total anthocyanins (140-318 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents per 100 g DW), as well as being a good source of carotenoids. There was a higher positive correlation between the amounts of these compounds and the antioxidant activity of hydrophilic compared to lipophilic extracts. There were also significant differences in the level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between different cultivars, production location and year of cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and the cholesterol content of mortadella prepared with different vegetable oils. Nine treatments were made with four different vegetable oils (canola, linseed, olive and soy) using two substitution levels (50% and 100%). The fatty acids and the cholesterol content were separated and identified by gas chromatography. There was a prevalence of the oleic, linoleic and palmitic fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids were lower in the products with vegetable oils. The PUFA/SFA relation was lower in the control treatment while the higher value was observed in the 100% linseed oil treatment. The cholesterol levels found were similar between all the treatments, but a reduction of these levels were observed in the treatments, being superior only in treatment containing 100% of soybean oil. Thus, except the treatment with 100% of soybean oil, all the other treatments with vegetable oils showed a better nutritional quality in relation to the control treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

R-(+)-limonene is an abundant and non-expensive by-product of the citrus industry and is, therefore, a suitable starting material for the production of natural flavor and fragrance compounds. The biotransformation of R-(+)-limonene to R-(+)-α-terpineol by Fusarium oxysporum 152b has already been reported, although the influence of the main process parameters on the production has not yet been evaluated. In this paper, a Plackett-Burman screening design was used to define the effects of the medium composition (glucose, peptone, yeast extract, malt extract and pH), the presence of a co-substrate (biosurfactant), the cultivation conditions (temperature, agitation), the substrate concentration and the inoculum/culture medium ratio on the absolute amount of R-(+)-α-terpineol resulting from this biotransformation. The process conditions were further optimized applying response surface methodology (RSM). The volatiles were extracted using a SPME device and were subsequently quantified by GC-FID and identified by GC-MS. The best results were obtained using 0.5% (v/m) R-(+)-limonene in pure distilled water as the culture medium with an inoculum/culture medium ratio of 0.25 (m/m) and 72 h cultivation at 26 °C/240 rpm. Under these conditions the concentration of R-(+)-α-terpineol in the culture medium reached 2.4 g L−1, a production almost six times greater than in earlier trials. The presence of a biosurfactant (0−500 mg L−1) did not significantly increase the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Phenolic compounds profiles were differentiated in Rabbiteye and Highbush. • Were identified 44 flavonols and chlorogenic acid in blueberries. • Quercetin HMG glycoside was found for the first time in blueberries. • Glucuronides of syringetin and laricitrin were found for the first time in blueberries. • Rhamnosyl-galactosides of myricetin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were also found for the first time. Although blueberries are widely studied, little information exists on their composition and content of flavonol glycosides. Most studies identify only a few flavonols in blueberries due to separation and identification issues. In the present study, we identified 44 flavonols and chlorogenic acid in 30 samples of Highbush and Rabbiteye blueberry, using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Highbush group fruits presented mainly quercetin-3-galactoside in their composition, while Rabbiteye group fruits exhibited higher levels of quercetin-3-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-glucuronide. Among the identified flavonols, 8 acylates (acetyl and hydroxymethylglutaroyl) were found, of which quercetin-3- O -[4″-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)]-α-rhamnoside was found for the first time in blueberries. This compound is exclusive to the cultivars Florida and Powderblue, where it is present in high quantities. Glucuronides of syringetin and laricitrin, and rhamnosyl-galactosides of myricetin, quercetin and isorhamnetin were also found for the first time in blueberries. The Principal Component Analysis showed that blueberry groups can be distinguished based on their phenolic compound profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 153 crops samples were investigated. • Leafy vegetables presented the highest bioactive content. • The best sources of monocaffeoylquinic acids were collard greens, chicory and asparagus. • Bay leaf, mustard and rosemary showed highest amounts of dicaffeoylquinic acids. This study presents data about the presence and the content of chlorogenic acids and caffeic acid in vegetables. The amounts of six chlorogenic acids (3-caffeoylquinic (3-CQA), 4-caffeoylquinic (4-CQA), 5-caffeoylquinic (5-CQA), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic (3,4-DQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic (3,5-DQA), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic (4,5-DQA)) and caffeic acid were analysed in 53 vegetables consumed in Brazil using high-performance liquid chromatography. For the monocaffeoylquinic acids (3-CQA, 5-CQA and 4-CQA), highest levels were found in collard greens and chicory; 5-CQA was shown to be present in higher concentrations than the others and in a greater number of samples (55). The dicaffeoylquinic acid concentrations (3,4-DQA, 3,5-DQA and 4,5-DQA) were highest in samples of bay leaves and mustard. Caffeic acid was found in 22 of the studied samples, with highest levels in oregano, rosemary, sage, basil and cilantro. When all seven compounds were analysed, the samples that showed the highest concentrations were bay leaf, mustard, celery, rosemary, collard greens and chicory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]