Search

Water-soluble gold nanorods (Au NRs) were synthesized using a silver-ion mediated photochemical route under UV irradiation. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurements on the Ag K-edge were performed on samples obtained at different Ag/Au ratios and at increasing irradiation times in order to investigate the fate of silver ions during the growth of Au NRs. EXAFS measurements allowed to probe the chemical state and the local environment of silver in the final product. Experimental data suggest that Ag atoms are placed on top of the Au particles as metallic Ag(0), while no significant contribution to the EXAFS spectra comes from AgBr or other Ag+based species. The reported results strongly support the deposition of Ag(0) islands on the (110) surfaces of the Au particles, thus driving the anisotropic growth viathe (111) surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of Ag+ions in the ultraviolet-driven photochemical synthesis of Au nanorods (NRs) in aqueous surfactant mixtures has been investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism that drives anisotropic nanoparticle growth. The samples, grown in the presence of varying amounts of Ag+ions for scheduled irradiation times, have been characterized by ultraviolet−visible−near infrared (UV−vis−NIR) absorption spectroscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Moreover, the time evolution of size and shape distribution has been investigated by statistical analysis of the relevant TEM data. EXAFS measurements at the Ag K-edge have unambiguously disclosed the presence of Ag species in the final product, identifying their chemical state as well as the most probable lattice environment around them with a reasonably high level of confidence. The extensive sample knowledge gained by the combination of spectroscopic, structural, and morphological measurements has provided reliable information regarding the most relevant processes underlying the Ag+-assisted formation of Au NRs by the photochemical route. An induction period prior to occurrence of fast nanoparticle nucleation has been identified, which has been correlated to the slow accumulation of a critical concentration of Au(I)−surfactant species from reduction of their Au(III) parent precursors. The role played by Ag in directing Au growth toward the formation of NRs has been clarified through demonstration of preferential adsorption of zerovalent Ag species on {110} facets of the growing Au nanoparticles, which can be therefore responsible for restricting crystal development along the relevant crystallographic directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A liquid crystalline, negatively charged, whole-genome DNA is exploited to organize positively charged gold nanorods (GNRs) by means of electrostatic interaction. A mesoscopic alignment of the composite system along a preferred direction is obtained by casting a droplet of the DNA-nanorods solution onto an untreated glass substrate. Gel electrophoresis analysis enables evaluating the effective electric charge of the system, thus minimizing the DNA fragmentation. Polarized optical microscopy, combined with transmission and scanning electron microscopy, shows that, up to 20% in weight of GNR solution, the system exhibits both a long range order, induced by the liquid crystalline phase of the DNA, and a nanoscale organization, due to the DNA self-assembly. These evidences are confirmed by a polarized spectral analysis, which also points out that the optical properties of GNRs strongly depend on the polarization of the impinging probe light. The capability to organize plasmonic nanoparticles by means of DNA material represents a significant advance towards the realization of life science inspired optical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]