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Objective:To assess the effects of fish (lean or oily) and fish oil consumption on blood lipid concentration during weight loss.Design:Randomized, controlled 8-week trial of energy-restricted diet varying in fish and fish oil content. Subjects, 324 men and women, aged 20–40 years, body mass index 27.5–32.5 kg m−2, from Iceland, Spain and Ireland, were randomized to one of four groups: (1) control (sunflower oil capsules, no seafood), (2) cod diet (3 × 150 g week−1), (3) salmon diet (3 × 150 g week−1), (4) fish oil (DHA/EPA capsules, no seafood). The macronutrient composition of the diets was similar between the groups and the capsule groups were single-blinded.Measurements:Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG) and anthropometrics were measured at baseline and end point.Results:The difference in logTG lowering between the control group and the cod diet, salmon diet and fish oil from baseline to end point was −0.036 (95% CI −0.079 to 0.006), −0.060 (−0.101 to −0.018) and −0.037 (−0.079 to 0.006), respectively. Reduction in TC was about 0.2 mmol l−1 greater in the fish groups (cod and salmon) than in the control group, but only of borderline significance when adjusting for weight loss. HDL tended to decrease less in the diet groups consuming a significant amount of n-3 fatty acids (salmon and fish oil).Conclusion:Weight-loss diet including oily fish resulted in greater TG reduction than did a diet without fish or fish oil. Controlled trials using whole fish as a test meal are encouraged to be able to elucidate the role of different constituents of fish for human health.International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, 1105–1112; doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.64; published online 20 May 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To investigate the effect of including seafood and fish oils, as part of an energy-restricted diet, on weight loss in young overweight adults.Design:Randomized controlled trial of energy-restricted diet varying in fish and fish oil content was followed for 8 weeks. Subjects were randomized to one of four groups: (1) control (sunflower oil capsules, no seafood); (2) lean fish (3 × 150 g portions of cod/week); (3) fatty fish (3 × 150 g portions of salmon/week); (4) fish oil (DHA/EPA capsules, no seafood). The macronutrient composition of the diets was similar between the groups and the capsule groups, were single-blinded.Subjects:A total of 324 men and women aged 20–40 years, BMI 27.5–32.5 kg/m2 from Iceland, Spain and Ireland.Measurements:Anthropometric data were collected at baseline, midpoint and endpoint. Confounding factors were accounted for, with linear models, for repeated measures with two-way interactions. The most important interactions for weight loss were (diet × energy intake), (gender × diet) and (gender × initial-weight).Results:An average man in the study (95 kg at baseline receiving 1600 kcal/day) was estimated to lose 3.55 kg (95% CI, 3.14–3.97) (1); 4.35 kg (95% CI, 3.94–4.75) (2); 4.50 kg (95% CI, 4.13–4.87) (3) and 4.96 kg (95% CI, 4.53–5.40) on diet (4) in 4 weeks, from baseline to midpoint. The weight-loss from midpoint to endpoint was 0.45 (0.41–0.49) times the observed weight loss from baseline to midpoint. The diets did not differ in their effect on weight loss in women. Changes in measures of body composition were in line with changes in body weight.Conclusion:In young, overweight men, the inclusion of either lean or fatty fish, or fish oil as part of an energy-restricted diet resulted in ∼1 kg more weight loss after 4 weeks, than did a similar diet without seafood or supplement of marine origin. The addition of seafood to a nutritionally balanced energy-restricted diet may boost weight loss.International Journal of Obesity (2007) 31, 1560–1566; doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803643; published online 15 May 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]