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Investigations of energy transfer of high intensity (I = 5 × 1019 W/cm2), ultrashort (<30 fs) Ti:Sa laser pulses to solid targets with a randomly rough surface have been performed. We investigated the influence of the target surface morphology on the efficiency of energy transfer of p- polarized laser pulses characterized by a very high contrast. Targets with a roughness σ larger than ∼20% of the laser wavelength proved to absorb a remarkably large fraction of energy reaching up to 70%, almost independent of the incidence angle. Numerical simulations of various interaction conditions are in agreement with the experimental data and confirm the effect of the target morphology and its surface parameters on the enhanced energy absorbed fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present experimental results for laser pulse compression due to wakefield excitation in the relativistic regime using the spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction technique for complete pulse characterization. The results indicate that the pulse was compressed to a 10-fs duration which was verified by fully relativistic three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Optimized modeling based on a hydrodynamic code was also done, showing the possibility of producing laser pulses of few-cycle duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proton acceleration from a thin foil irradiated by a laser pulse at relativistic intensities is a process highly dependent on the electron dynamic at the rear side of the foil. By reducing the lateral size of the laser irradiated foil the hot electrons are confined in a small volume leading to an enhancement of both the maximum proton energy and the conversion efficiency in the target normal sheath acceleration regime. In this paper we demonstrate that an optimal lateral size of the target can be found. While a smaller target surface leads to a better hot electron confinement and enhances the Debye sheath accelerating the protons, it also leads to an increase of preplasma formation due to limited laser contrast available experimentally and hence to a decrease of the proton acceleration. The experimentally found optimum is in good agreement with analytic theory and 2D particle in cell simulations. In addition, the maximum proton energy as a function of pulse duration has been investigated. The experimental results fit to an analytical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first experimental evidence of the higher-order harmonic radiation generated by periodically modulated targets (gratings) irradiated by relativistic, ultrashort (<30 fs), high intensity [Iλ2=1020 (W/cm²) μm²] laser pulse is presented. The interference effects on the grating surface lead to the emission of high harmonics up to 45th order along the target surface when the laser beam is focused onto a grating target close to normal incidence (5°). By means of numerical simulations we demonstrate the possibility of controlling the composition of the higher harmonic spectrum and we prove the influence of the laser pulse parameters in the interaction area (laser focusing and wavefront curvature) on the emission angle of a certain high harmonic order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]