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We studied the effects of melatonin on the status of immune organs and parameters of lipid metabolism in rats with alimentary obesity and parameters of lipid metabolism and immune status in Wistar rats kept on high-fat diet and receiving melatonin solution per os. Melatonin leveled the changes in blood and liver parameters of lipid metabolism, which was paralleled by normalization of cellular composition of immune organs. We conclude that melatonin can be a promising agent for the treatment of lipid metabolism and immune status disorders in alimentary obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the chronodependent effect of IL-2 in the experimental model of immunodeficiency, cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. IL-2 in a dose of 100 U/ mouse was administered at 10.00 and 16.00 for 3 days after injection of cyclophosphamide. In contrast to the morning treatment with the cytokine, evening administration produced antiapoptotic effect on splenocytes and stimulated proliferation to a greater extent. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of CD4, CD25 and CD425 cells in the spleen to a level of intact mice. More pronounced effect of the evening mode of IL-2 administration on the proliferation and subpopulation composition of mouse spleen cells in the studied model can be associated with high blood level of CD25 cells at this time of the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin on immunological parameters were studied in animals with experimental autoimmune process. The effects of the drug administered in preventive (before manifestation of autoimmune processes) and therapeutic (after manifestation of autoimmune process) modes were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed activities of lysosomal cystein cathepsins B and L in mouse LS lymphosarcoma and its drug-resistant RLS 40 strain and their correlations with the dynamics of the percentage of cells with fragmented DNA and CD14 + phagocytes over 3 days after cyclophosphamide injection. LS regression and inhibition of RLS 40 growth after cyclophosphamide injection were paralleled by an increase in cathepsins B and L activities in tumor tissues. The antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide associated with apoptosis intensity and protease activities were significantly higher in LS. Positive correlations between activities of cathepsins B and L and the LS tissue content of cells with fragmented DNA and CD14 + phagocytes and negative correlations thereof with tumor weight were detected. It seems that the increase in cathepsins B and L activities in LS tissues was caused by cyclophosphamide induction of apoptosis and depended on the level of tumor cell infiltration with mononuclear phagocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We found the peculiarities of the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor diprotin A on immunological parameters of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs in intact animals and in animals with experimental autoimmune process. In intact animals, diprotin A increased cellularity of the thymus and spleen, number of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+8+ thymocytes and CD3+ splenocytes and reduced cellularity of lymph nodes and the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen. Diprotin A administered against the background of autoimmune process, reduced thymus cellularity, number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen, and number of CD4 and CD4+8+ thymocytes in comparison with the corresponding parameters of autoimmune process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the possibility of using anabolic steroid retabolil injections for complex correction of behavioral and immune parameters in rats with genetic predisposition to catalepsy. Subpopulation composition of lymphoid organ and blood cells was compared in rats with genetic predisposition to catalepsy and Wistar rats after retabolil administration. In rats predisposed to catalepsy, retabolil reduced the total content of thymus cells and increased absolute count of CD8 + thymocytes. In Wistar rats, retabolil increased the total cell count and the content of CD4 + thymocytes, but reduced the number of CD8 + cells. Therefore, changes in the subpopulation composition of thymus cells after retabolil administration were opposite in rats with genetic predisposition to catalepsy and Wistar rats. Retabolil injections reduced the severity of catalepsy response in rats with genetic predisposition. However, the time of freezing in Wistar rats significantly increased under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell composition of leukocyte infiltrates in the endometrium, myometrium, and vaginal walls was studied in Wistar rats with modeled chronic endomyometritis after administration of IFNγ (0.1 μg/100 g body weight) in different daily regimens (10.00 or 20.00). Morning injections of this cytokine ameliorated inflammatory infiltration of the uterine wall and vagina, but increased the content of neutrophils in the endometrium. Evening cytokine injections reduced neutrophilic infiltration, enhanced mononuclear infiltration, and had no effect on plasmacytic infiltration of the uterine and vaginal walls. In the vaginal wall, both IFNγ administration schedules decreased neutrophil content. The data indicate the necessity to take into account the circadian rhythms in IFN therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the response of the pineal gland and organs of the immune system to melatonin treatment in Wistar rats kept under conditions of abnormal illumination regimen. The animals were kept under natural light regimen or continuous illumination for 14 days and then received daily injections of melatonin (once a day in the evening) for 7 days. Administration of melatonin to rats kept at natural light cycle was followed by a decrease in percent ratio of CD48 splenocytes and CD48 thymocytes. In 24-h light with the following melatonin injections were accompanied by an increase in percent rate and absolute amount of CD48 cells in the spleen, and a decrease in percent rate of CD11b/c and CD48 splenocytes. In the thymus amount of CD48 cells increased, and absolute number of CD425 cells reduced. Melatonin significantly decreased lipofuscin concentration in the pineal gland during continuous light. Direction and intensity of effects of melatonin on parameters of cell immunity and state of the pineal gland were different under normal and continuous light conditions. It should be taken into account during using of this hormone for correction of immune and endocrine impairments developing during change in light/dark rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared the effectiveness of immunomodulators used in the treatment of patients with chronic salpingitis and oophoritis with or without changes in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in blood lymphocytes at incubation with the drug. Diurnal variations in individual reaction of SDH in blood lymphocytes to thymalin or ridostin were revealed. In the groups of women receiving ridostin or thymalin during the reaction of lymphocyte SDH to it, improvement of clinical laboratory and immunological parameters was observed in the majority of the patients and no effect was found in a lesser group of patients than in the groups treated with drugs during the absence of lymphocyte SDH reaction thereto. The timing of the presence of SDH reaction to drugs in the immunocompetent cells makes it possible to set the optimal daily regime of their application and to select a drug that would be most effective in each particular case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effects of IL-2 administration at different times of day to female B6D2F1 mice with experimental immunopathology, graft-versus-host chronic reaction induced by the administration of lymphoid cells from parental female DBA/2 mice. Recombinant murine IL-2 was injected subcutaneously at 10.00 (group 1) or 16.00 (group 2) after the first cell transfer. Evening administration of IL-2 in contrast to its morning injection prevented cell proliferation in the thymus and spleen, decreased the number of apoptotic splenocytes, significantly stimulated differentiation processes in the thymus, increased the amount of CD4 +25 high thymocytes, and decreased the number of CD4 +27 low splenocytes. These findings can serve as a prerequisite for the development of chronotherapeutic schemes for immunocorrection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effect of bezafibrate on hepatic PPARα activity and immune parameters in hypertensive ISIAH rats in comparison with normotensive WAG rats under conditions of LPS treatment. Bezafibrate increased activity of PPARα in WAG rats, but not in ISIAH rats. As differentiated from WAG rats, bezafibrate produced a potent effect on the content of T cell subpopulations in the thymus and spleen of ISIAH rats. Administration of LPS after injection of bezafibrate caused death of 50% ISIAH animals (but not WAG rats), which was associated with low level of HDL cholesterol and increased triglyceride content. Our results suggest that the hypolipidemic treatment ( e.g., bezafibrate) can increase the severity of complications in patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases in association with low level of HDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the influence of abnormal illumination regimen on cell composition of the central and peripheral organs of the immune system in ISIAH rats and control WAG rats. In ISIAH rats, 24-h illumination for 14 days led to more pronounced inhibition of cell proliferation and differentiation in the thymus and more pronounced decrease in splenocyte proliferation and T and B cell counts in the spleen in comparison with WAG rats; however, the level of antigen-presenting cells in the spleen of ISIAH increased. We concluded that ISIAH rats are more sensitive to abnormal illumination regimen than WAG rats. Twenty-four-hour illumination was associated with impairments of central differentiation of T cells and activation of systemic inflammation followed by impairment of differentiation regulation, which can aggravate metabolic dysfunctions in these animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of LPS from E. coli on DNA-binding activities of PPARα and PPARγ in the liver and immune system parameters of were studied in hypertensive ISIAH rats and normotensive WAG rats. In ISIAH rats characterized by low basal level of PPARα, PPARγ, and HDL, the response of the peripheral immune system compartment to LPS was more pronounced and was not associated with decrease in DNA-binding activities of PPARα observed in WAG. Proinfl ammatory stimulus did not induce proliferative changes in the thymus of ISIAH rats, which can refl ect impaired relationships between the central and peripheral organs of the immune system. The character of regulatory interactions between PPARα and immune cells can differ in various rat strains and depend on initial PPARα activity, HDL level, specifi c features of immune status, resistance to stress, and hormonal and metabolic background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effects of benzo(a)pyrene on lymphocyte chromatin in mice with experimental desynchronosis. Desynchronosis altered chromatin structure in immune system cells and suppressed the immune response. In mice with experimental desynchronosis, benzo(a)pyrene produced more pronounced changes in the chromatin structure compared to the control. It was inferred that light-dark cycle disturbances impair the resistance of organs and systems to damaging environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate changes in cellular and humoral immunity in animals with experimental hyperthyroidism induced by chronic administration of potassium iodide (KI) solution. KI increased the weight and cellularity of the thymus and spleen and number of antibody-forming cells to sheep red blood cells and modified the relative content of T cell subpopulations. Phytosorption complex LimfoFit modifying cellular and humoral immunity affected only its individual parameters in hyperthyroid animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the cellular and humoral immunity parameters were revealed in animals receiving thyroxin and mercazolyl per os for 2 weeks. Specific features of effects of the hormone and its inhibitor on the parameters of immune system were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]