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A low-cost approach for stochastically sampling static exchange during time-dependent Hartree–Fock-type propagation is presented. This enables the use of an excellent hybrid density functional theory (DFT) starting point for stochastic GW quasiparticle energy calculations. Generalized Kohn–Sham molecular orbitals and energies, rather than those of a local-DFT calculation, are used for building the Green function and effective Coulomb interaction. The use of an optimally tuned hybrid diminishes the starting point dependency in one-shot stochastic GW, effectively avoiding the need for self-consistent GW iterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use nested tensor-train contractions to compute vibrational and ro-vibrational energy levels of molecules with five and six atoms. At each step, we fully exploit symmetry by using symmetry adapted basis functions obtained from an irreducible tensor method. Contracted basis functions are determined by diagonalizing reduced dimensional Hamiltonian matrices. The size of matrices of eigenvectors, used to account for coupling between groups of coordinates, is reduced by discarding rows and columns. The size of the matrices that must be diagonalized is thus substantially reduced, making it possible to use direct eigensolvers, even for molecules with five and six atoms. The symmetry-adapted contracted vibrational basis functions have been used to compute J = 0 energy levels of the CH3CN (C3v) and J > 0 levels of CH4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new collocation multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method. It reduces point-set error by using more points than basis functions. Collocation makes it possible to use MCTDH with a general potential energy surface without computing any integrals. The collocation points are associated with a basis larger than the basis used to represent wavefunctions. Both bases are obtained from a direct product basis built from single-particle functions by imposing a pruning condition. The collocation points are those on a sparse grid. Heretofore, collocation MCTDH calculations with more points than basis functions have only been possible if both the collocation grid and the basis set are direct products. In this paper, we exploit a new pseudo-inverse to use both more points than basis functions and a pruned basis and grid. We demonstrate that, for a calculation of the lowest 50 vibrational states (energy levels and wavefunctions) of CH2NH, errors can be reduced by two orders of magnitude by increasing the number of points, without increasing the basis size. This is true also when unrefined time-independent points are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary kagome compounds TmXn (T = Mn, Fe, Co; X = Sn, Ge; m:n = 3:1, 3:2, 1:1) have garnered recent interest owing to the presence of both topological band crossings and flatbands arising from the geometry of the metal-site kagome lattice. To exploit these electronic features for potential applications in spintronics, the growth of high-quality heterostructures is required. Here, we report the synthesis of Fe/FeSn and Co/FeSn bilayers on Al2O3 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy to realize heterointerfaces between elemental ferromagnetic metals and antiferromagnetic kagome metals. Structural characterization using high-resolution x-ray diffraction, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and electron microscopy reveals that the FeSn films are flat and epitaxial. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy was used to confirm the stoichiometric window where the FeSn phase is stabilized, while transport and magnetometry measurements were conducted to verify metallicity and magnetic ordering in the films. Exchange bias was observed, confirming the presence of antiferromagnetic order in the FeSn layers, paving the way for future studies of magnetism in kagome heterostructures and potential integration of these materials into devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the association between use of an oxytocin decision support checklist with oxytocin usage and clinical outcomes. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with singleton gestations at 37 0/7 weeks or greater who received oxytocin during labor from October 2012 to February 2017 at an integrated community health care system during three exposure periods: (1) prechecklist; (2) after paper checklist implementation; and (3) after checklist integration into the electronic medical record (EMR). The checklist was a clinical decision support tool to standardize the dosing and management of oxytocin. Thus, our primary outcomes included oxytocin infusion rates and cumulative dose. Secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal outcomes. We controlled for maternal risk factors with multivariable regression analysis and stratified by mode of delivery. Results A total of 34,269 deliveries were included. Unadjusted analyses showed that compared with prechecklist, deliveries during the paper and EMR-integrated periods had a lower cumulative dose (4,670 ± 6,174 vs. 4,318 ± 5,719 and 4,286 ± 5,579 mU, p < 0.001 for both), lower maximal infusion rate (9.9 ± 6.8 vs. 8.7 ± 5.8 and 8.4 ± 5.6 mU/min, p < 0.001 for both), and longer duration of oxytocin use (576 ± 442 vs. 609 ± 476 and 627 ± 488 minutes, p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively). The unadjusted rates of cesarean, 5-minute Apgar <7, mechanical ventilation, and neonatal hospital length of stay were similar between periods. The adjusted mean difference in time from admission to delivery was longer during the EMR-integrated period compared with prechecklist (3.0 [95% confidence interval: 2.7–3.3] hours, p < 0.001). Conclusion Oxytocin checklist use was associated with decreased oxytocin use patterns at the expense of longer labor times. Findings were more pronounced with EMR integration. Key Points An oxytocin decision support checklist is associated with reduced amounts of oxytocin used. However, checklists were associated with longer duration of oxytocin use and of labor. Results were more pronounced in the EMR-integrated checklist compared with paper checklist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveDesignResultsConclusionOlder Black adults continue to experience heightened rates of chronic illness and poor health outcomes. Further, older Black adults must navigate interlocking systems of oppression (e.g. racism, ageism, ableism, and classism etc.) that impact their healthcare utilization. Telehealth has emerged as a common health care modality, which presents unique concerns for aging populations.The present study explored the motivators of and barriers to in-person healthcare and video telehealth use among a sample of predominantly lower-income, older Black adults. The researchers collaborated with community scientists to recruit, facilitate focus groups and provide technological support for participants. Sixteen virtual focus groups were conducted (n = 147) with older Black adults aged 55–84 years. The researchers utilized a thematic analysis approach to identify twelve distinct themes.Participants identified the following as motivators to using in-person health care: improved patient-provider relationships, increased community support, and more culturally sensitive resources. Limited accessibility, discrimination and resulting distrust, and poor patient-provider communication were identified as barriers to in-person health care use. E-health literacy and accessibility both emerged as motivators of and barriers to using telehealth, while disinterest in telehealth and impersonal patient-provider relationships were noted as additional barriers.These findings provide key implications for reducing the burden of health care inequity for older Black adults. Future implementation research should use equity-focused frameworks such as the patient-centered culturally sensitive health care (PC-CSHC) model. Additionally, collaboration with the community is necessary to create and implement the necessary culturally sensitive health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper gene expression requires the collaborative effort of multiple macromolecular machines to produce functional messenger RNA. As RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) transcribes DNA, the nascent pre-messenger RNA is heavily modified by other complexes such as 5′ capping enzymes, the spliceosome, the cleavage, and polyadenylation machinery as well as RNA-modifying/editing enzymes. Recent evidence has demonstrated that pre-mRNA splicing and 3′ end cleavage can occur on similar timescales as transcription and significantly cross-regulate. In this review, we discuss recent advances in co-transcriptional processing and how it contributes to gene regulation. We highlight how emerging areas—including coordinated splicing events, physical interactions between the RNA synthesis and modifying machinery, rapid and delayed splicing, and nuclear organization—impact mRNA isoforms. Coordination among RNA-processing choices yields radically different mRNA and protein products, foreshadowing the likely regulatory importance of co-transcriptional RNA folding and co-transcriptional modifications that have yet to be characterized in detail. Productive eukaryotic gene expression requires extensive remodeling of nascent RNA as it synthesized from the genomic template. Carrocci and Neugebauer highlight recent advances in understanding RNA-processing events as they occur concurrently with transcription, including coordination among introns and polyadenylation cleavage sites in the same transcript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of estimating the spectral density matrix f(w) of a multi‐variate time series is revisited with special focus on the frequencies w=0 and w=π. Recognizing that the entries of the spectral density matrix at these two boundary points are real‐valued, we propose a new estimator constructed from a local polynomial regression of the real portion of the multi‐variate periodogram. The case w=0 is of particular importance, since f(0) is associated with the large‐sample covariance matrix of the sample mean; hence, estimating f(0) is crucial to conduct any sort of statistical inference on the mean. We explore the properties of the local polynomial estimator through theory and simulations, and discuss an application to inflation and unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CodePeer is a static analysis tool based on compiler optimization techniques such as static single assignment and value numbering. CodePeer infers and reports on implicit preconditions for each function of the program, based on limitations it identifies within the algorithm of the function. Presuming these inferred preconditions are satisfied, CodePeer then simulates the execution of each function, and identifies places where a program might still fail at run time, due to violating some run-time check or an error that leads to undefined behavior. CodePeer uses static single assignment and global value numbering to ensure that the determination of possible run-time values of each variable and expression encountered during the simulation of the execution of each function is both sound and precise. The approximations performed to ensure that the determination of possible values converges in the face of loops and recursion are systematic and based on the kinds of conservative analysis performed by compiler optimizers. The output of CodePeer includes for each function an enumeration of its global inputs and global outputs and inferred preconditions and postconditions. The output also includes, interspersed within a listing of the source of the function, an identification of the places where possible run-time failures or undefined behavior could occur. This output is designed to support code review, which gives the tool its CodePeer name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of a crowdsourced HIV partner services (PS) intervention among men who have sex with men living with HIV (MLWH) in China. Methods: A pilot 2-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in 3 HIV testing clinics in China. The control arm received conventional HIV PS, whereas the intervention arm received a crowdsourced intervention, including HIV self-testing kits for secondary distribution (HIVST-SD), digital education materials, and assisted PS. The intervention was developed through 2-phase crowdsourcing events including an open call and a Designathon. The primary outcomes were measured by the 3-month follow-up rate (i.e., the proportion of participants who completed the follow-up survey to report HIV PS outcomes 3 months after enrollment) and the frequency of using intervention components (feasibility), index evaluation of intervention components (acceptability), and the proportion of partners getting HIV testing (preliminary effectiveness). Results: The study enrolled 121 newly diagnosed MLWH between July 2021 and May 2022. The 3-month follow-up rates were 93% (75 of 81) and 83% (33 of 40) in the intervention and control arms, respectively. Crowdsourced intervention components demonstrated feasibility, with all indexes using digital educational materials, 23 successfully using HIVSTSD, and 6 employing provider-referral to notify 9 sexual partners. Acceptability was high, with HIVST-SD and digital educationalmaterials rated 4.4 and 4.1 out of 5. The proportion of partners receiving HIV testing was 11% higher in the intervention arm than in the control arm (marginal significance with 95% confidence interval, -2% to 24%; 38% vs. 27%). Conclusions: The crowdsourced HIV PS intervention was acceptable and feasible, suggesting the potential to facilitate partner HIV testing among Chinese MLWH. Further implementation research is recommended to expand HIV PS among key populations in low- and middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. The primary objective of this cross-sectional observational study was to determine whether bulk tank milk quality, udder health, udder hygiene, and milk production outcomes were associated with facility type on organic dairies. A secondary objective was to identify other management-related risk factors associated with bulk tank milk quality, udder health, udder hygiene, and milk production on organic dairy herds in Vermont. We aimed to enroll 40 farms, to compare herds using the 2 most common systems (freestalls, tiestalls) for housing organic dairy cattle in the state with those using a bedded pack during the nongrazing season (typically November–May). Two general styles of bedded packs were observed: cultivated bedded packs and untilled deep-bedded packs. Due to the limited number of herds using bedded packs to house lactating dairy cattle in Vermont, we combined untilled and cultivated bedded packs to describe udder hygiene, milk quality, and udder health on these loose-housing systems deeply bedded with organic material. The study was completed on 21 farms (5 bedded packs, 6 freestalls, 10 tiestalls) before interruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data captured from DHIA records from the test closest to the date of the farm visit included average SCS, standardized 150-d milk (pounds), percentage of cows with current high SCS (SCS ≥4.0), percentage of cows with newly elevated SCS (previous SCS <4.0 to current ≥4.0), and percentage of cows with chronically elevated SCS (SCS ≥4.0 last 2 tests). Multivariable linear regression models were used to describe outcomes by facility type, but suffered from limited statistical power due to small group sample sizes. Unconditional comparisons failed to find statistically significant differences between farms grouped by facility type in metrics captured from DHIA test data, bulk tank milk somatic cell count (BTSCC) and aerobic culture data, or udder hygiene scores. A secondary analysis was conducted using univariate linear regression to identify associations between herd-management factors and outcomes for all 21 farms combined. Although not all differences found were statistically significant in this secondary analysis combining all farms, numeric differences that may be biologically important are reported showing farms with deeper bedding had a lower BTSCC, lower newly elevated SCS, lower chronically elevated SCS, lower elevated current SCS, lower average SCS, and better udder hygiene metrics. Farms with lower mean udder hygiene scores had numerically lower chronically elevated SCS, lower elevated current SCS, and lower average SCS. We could not reject the null hypothesis that milk quality and udder health outcomes did not differ by facility type, and this does not preclude the existence of biological differences in these outcomes between facility types. The current study provides insight on factors affecting bulk tank milk quality, udder health and hygiene measures on organic dairy farms in Vermont. Bedded packs may be a viable option for confinement housing during the winter nongrazing season for pasture-based herds interested in a loose-housing system in the northeastern United States, but more research, such as longitudinal studies with a larger sample size, is needed to test this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gather perspectives on healthy retail policies and strategies from a national sample of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants. Anonymous web-based survey fielded in English and Spanish. The survey measured support for healthy retail policies and strategies. National Qualtrics panel fielded on September 30 and October 19, 2022. A total of 1,559 adult SNAP participants (in the last 12 months) participated in the Qualtrics SNAP survey panel. Overall support for retail policies and strategies was calculated using response frequencies and proportions. Cross-tabulations and chi-square tests of independence assessed differences in policy support by online shopping behavior and nutrition security status. Significance was determined at P < 0.05. Most SNAP participants were broadly supportive of policies and strategies to improve the healthy food retail environment. More restrictive policies were less popular than policies that expanded consumer choice. Support also varied by online shopping status and nutrition security status. Policies and strategies that improve the healthy food retail environment are popular among a national sample of SNAP participants. Policy discussions must understand SNAP participants' perspectives regarding changes to the retail environment that may impact their ability to access healthy foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid national efforts to align priorities for nutrition and food assistance programs, little is known about the implementation of community-led efforts for children. This study aimed to estimate U.S. public school participation in weekend backpack programs (WBPs), to document program structure, and to consider characteristics of programs with more nutritious food offerings. The prevalence of WBP participation in 2022 was estimated using a state-stratified, random sample of n =413 public schools. Administrators from WBPs at 49 schools completed measures of implementation characteristics and nutritional quality of foods offered. In 2022–2023, using a multivariable-adjusted linear regression model, the authors explored the association between hypothesized implementation characteristics and Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores of foods provided. Half of public schools (53.7%, 95% CI: 46.8%, 60.7%) in the national sample reported participating in WBPs. Many WBPs in the subsample were affiliated with anti-hunger organizations (41%), led by school counselors and volunteers (55%), and funded by grants (51%). WBPs spent an average of $0.56 (sd=$0.36) per item. Foods provided averaged a Healthy Eating Index-2015 score of 58.4 (sd=12.3), similar to children's average diets. About half of WBPs (41%) reported accessing nutrition resources. Despite the decentralized structure and absence of dedicated funding mechanisms, WBPs were common in our national sample of schools, suggesting widespread perceptions of unmet food needs and extensive efforts from community members to mitigate weekend hunger. Further research on food procurement methods and program impacts on child nutrition outcomes is needed to advance national priorities for nutrition and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrative inquiry has often been merged with other methodologies to conduct research in schools. Its interweaving with appreciative inquiry as a methodology to research within education, however, is newly emerging. In this study, which interweaves the two methodologies, narrative inquiry and appreciative inquiry are used to examine stories of teaching and explore teacher identity—an evolution of narrative inquiry that facilitates the telling of participant school stories in a focused and intentional way through an appreciative inquiry framework. This paper explores the interweaving of the methodologies and provides an example of its use. It draws on a doctoral study titled Identity as pedagogy: Locating the shadows in the sacred space between, which examined the stories of teacher identities and the ways such stories manifest in pedagogy, with a group of teachers from a common educational jurisdiction in eastern Canada. The data that emerged through the appreciative inquiry process were narratively analyzed and understood through the common themes they presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nLay summary\nIMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICENeed-supportive coaching has been identified as the most effective way to nurture optimal motivational climates in sport because of its positive influence on athletes’ basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. However, to date, researchers in sport have not adequately considered whether athletes’ physical, cognitive, social, self, and emotional development prompts any variation in coaches’ delivery of need-supportive behavior. Such insight may reveal a more nuanced approach for coaches to facilitate athletes’ psychological functioning in an age-appropriate way. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions of how coaches consider athlete development in the ways in which they seek to fulfill athletes’ basic psychological needs. Figure skating is an ideal sport context for this investigation as coach-athlete relationships typically span many years and developmental milestones. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 coach-athlete dyads (26 interviews) across four age groups: middle childhood (6–10 years), early adolescence (11–14 years), mid-adolescence (15–17 years), and early adulthood (18–25 years). Using reflexive thematic analysis, seven themes were constructed: (a) sport context as a lens for the optimal skill development of athletes, (b) socio-chronological development and relatedness-associated behavior, (c) physical development and relatedness- and competence-associated behavior, (d) skill and ability development and competence-associated behavior, (e) understanding of the sport and autonomy-associated behavior, (f) emotional development and relatedness-behavior, and (g) relational qualities further shape coaches’ need-supportive behaviors.This study explored the ways coaches change how they attempt to meet the psychological needs of athletes at different ages. Findings indicate that figure skating coaches adjusted how they interacted with skaters based on athletes’ physical, emotional, socio-chronological, and skill and ability development as well as understanding of the sport.It is essential for sport psychology professionals and coach educators to help coaches be more attuned to how need-supportive approaches might be adapted and implemented as to accommodate the changes youth athletes experience throughout their development.Athletes—especially those who participate in an early specialization sport—benefit when their coaches attend to youths’ psychological and developmental needs within the demands of their sport context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent age-related condition often characterized by debilitating urinary symptoms. Its etiology is believed to stem from hormonal imbalance, particularly an elevated estradiol-to-testosterone ratio and chronic inflammation. Our previous studies using a mouse steroid hormone imbalance model identified a specific increase in macrophages that migrated and accumulated in the prostate lumen where they differentiated into lipid-laden foam cells in mice implanted with testosterone and estradiol pellets, but not in sham animals. The current study focused on further characterizing the cellular heterogeneity of the prostate in this model as well as identifying the specific transcriptomic signature of the recruited foam cells. Moreover, we aimed to identify epithelia-derived signals that drive macrophage infiltration and luminal translocation. Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with slow-release testosterone and estradiol pellets (T + E2) or sham surgery was performed and the ventral prostates were harvested two weeks later for scRNA-seq analysis. We identified Ear2 + and Cd72 + macrophages that were elevated in response to steroid hormone imbalance, whereas a Mrc1 + resident macrophage population did not change. In addition, an Spp1 + foam cell cluster was almost exclusively found in T + E2 mice. Further markers of foam cells were also identified, including Gpnmb and Trem2, and GPNMB was confirmed as a novel histological marker with immunohistochemistry. Foam cells were also shown to express known pathological factors Vegf, Tgfb1, Ccl6, Cxcl16 and Mmp12. Intriguingly, a screen for chemokines identified the upregulation of epithelia-derived Cxcl17, a known monocyte attractant, in T + E2 prostates suggesting that it might be responsible for the elevated macrophage number as well as their translocation to the lumen. Our study identified macrophage subsets that responded to steroid hormone imbalance as well as further confirmed a potential pathological role of luminal foam cells in the prostate. These results underscore a potential pathological role of the identified prostate foam cells and suggests CXCL17-mediated macrophage migration as a critical initiating event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend high-intensity statin therapy and consideration for nonstatin therapy for patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD); however, utilization rates remain suboptimal. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether pharmacist intervention for patients with PVD could improve the percentage of patients discharged on a high-intensity statin. Methods The study used a single-center pre/post design and included patients with PVD who underwent peripheral bypass during their admission. Postintervention patients managed with an order set including a preselected consult for a pharmacy lipid protocol were compared to preintervention patients managed using the order set without the consult. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients discharged on a high-intensity statin. Secondary outcomes included intensification of statin therapy, the addition of ezetimibe, and referral to an outpatient lipid clinic. Results A total of 175 patients were included in the analysis, with 94 patients in the preintervention group and 81 patients in the postintervention group. The primary outcome met statistical significance, with an increase in the percentage of patients discharged on a high-intensity statin in the postintervention group (70.4%) compared to the preintervention group (38.3%) (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-2.46). Secondary outcomes that met statistical significance included an increase in the percentage of patients with any increase in statin intensity (35.8% vs 20.2%; P = 0.02). Conclusion The addition of a pharmacist consult led to an increase in the percentage of patients discharged on a high-intensity statin and an increase in overall statin intensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous monitoring of electrophysiological biosignals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and bioimpedance (BioZ) rely on gel‐based electrodes and adhesive skin interfaces requiring active patient interaction inherently restricting chronic use. Current solutions aimed at addressing seamless, comfortable, and reliable recordings with dry electrodes use battery power and are limited to days of operation with clinical‐grade fidelity. Here, current limitations are overcome by uniting at‐distance wirelessly powered wearable electronics with carbon‐doped filament deposition modeling (FDM) printed dry electrodes that overcome impedance degradation by seamless integration into textile and biosymbiotic systems, allowing for high‐fidelity operation over indefinite timescales. These capabilities are demonstrated with ECG during work, activity, and sleep and BioZ recordings documenting gains in forearm training over weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: There is no approved human vaccine for Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), a life-threatening disease caused by the VEE virus (VEEV). In previous studies, plasmid DNA encoding the full-length RNA genome of the VEE V4020 vaccine was used for the preparation of experimental live virus VEE vaccines in the plasmid-transfected cell culture. Methods: Here, we used the high-fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to prepare synthetic, transcriptionally active PCR (TAP) fragments encoding the V4020 genome. Results: TAP fragment initiated the replication of the V4020 live virus vaccine in TAP fragment-transfected cells. A transfection of less than 1 ug of TAP fragment resulted in the replication of the V4020 vaccine virus in CHO cells. Conclusion: We conclude that not only plasmid DNA but also synthetic PCR-generated DNA fragments can be used for the manufacturing of live vaccines for VEEV and, potentially, other viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The representation of intelligence is achieved by patterns of connections among neurons in brains and machines. Brains grow continuously, such that their patterns of connections develop through activity-dependent specification, with the continuing ontogenesis of individual experience. The theory of active inference proposes that the developmental organization of sentient systems reflects general processes of informatic self-evidencing, through the minimization of free energy. We interpret this theory to imply that the mind may be described in information terms that are not dependent on a specific physical substrate. At a certain level of complexity, self-evidencing of living (self-organizing) information systems becomes hierarchical and reentrant, such that effective consciousness emerges as the consequence of a good regulator. We propose that these principles imply that an adequate reconstruction of the computational dynamics of an individual human brain/mind is possible with sufficient neuromorphic computational emulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstractionists claim that the only bearers of intrinsic value are abstract, necessarily existing states of affairs. I argue that abstractionism cannot succeed. Though we can model concrete goods such as lives, projects, and outcomes with abstract states, conflating models of goods with the goods themselves has surprising and unattractive consequences. I suggest that concrete states of affairs or facts are the only bearers of intrinsic value. I show how this proposal can overcome the concerns lodged against abstractionism and, in the process, reconnect us with the good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The susceptibility of surface soil to drying when rainfall is scarce has prompted evaluation of deeper placement (20 cm) of fertilizers within the profile to where soil moisture is more likely to be stored. However, concerns arise regarding potential chemical challenges to P availability in the subsurface. This study examined differences in chemical conditions between the soil surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (15–25 cm), and investigated the effect on the diffusion and extractability of banded P. Analysis of surface and subsurface samples from 15 sites revealed substantial differences in characteristics that influence P behavior between depths. The phosphorus buffering index (PBI) was largely explained by concentrations of amorphous Al and Fe (hydr)oxides and CaCO3. The measured diffusion distance of P from monoammonium phosphate (MAP) granules was found to be inversely related to PBI. Consequently, significant differences in diffusion distances were typically observed between soil layers characterized by marked PBI variations. The measured diffusion radii were used to calculate the mean P concentrations of surface-banded and deep-banded MAP in a field scenario, which were replicated in a 4-week laboratory incubation. The resulting lability of applied P was determined through isotopic exchange, and although significantly higher P recoveries were measured from the subsurface at two sites where large pH differences existed between depths, no significant differences were measured between depths at all other sites. Hence, the subsurface is not a more hostile zone for deep-placed P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early onset medullary thyroid carcinoma, later pheochromocytomas, and nonspecific extra-endocrine features (hypermobility and persistent constipation) are part of the clinical phenotype of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B). A de novo pathogenic M918T variant in the rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene is usually identified. Affected children are often seen by multiple clinicians over a long period before consideration of a diagnosis of MEN2B, with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma often the precipitator. We describe the clinical presentation and course of 5 children ultimately diagnosed with MEN2B in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia between 1989 and 2021. All cases had intestinal ganglioneuromatosis that could have prompted an earlier diagnosis. Population wide newborn genomic screening for rare diseases is on the horizon. We propose that MEN2B genomic screening should be included in newborn screening programs and that careful exclusion of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis would allow earlier identification leading to improved clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the concept of servant leadership and its impact on organizational trust and conflict resolution. It draws inspiration from Herman Hesse's novel "The Journey to the East" and Robert Greenleaf's work on servant leadership. The article emphasizes the importance of trust within organizations and the role of leaders in establishing trust. It also discusses the need for effective conflict resolution strategies, particularly in relation to affective conflict. The author proposes a theoretical model and evidence-based propositions to illustrate the connections between servant leadership, organizational trust, and affective conflict. The article introduces the Walk-In-The-Woods process as a structured approach to conflict resolution that promotes principled negotiation and a win-win focus. It consists of four steps: revealing self-interests, enlarging interests, exploring enlightened interests, and aligning interests. The process encourages transparency, understanding, and problem-solving to reach mutually beneficial solutions. A case study involving a merger dispute between two academic medical centers demonstrates the effectiveness of the Walk-In-The-Woods method. The article highlights the benefits of the process for servant leaders, but acknowledges the need for further research to support its potential advantages. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a detailed exploration of the geography, mining history, and mineralogy of the Elkhorn Mountains in southwestern Montana. It focuses on the Elkhorn and Radersburg mining districts and discusses the specific mines and minerals found in the area. The article also delves into the concept of epitaxy, which involves the growth of crystals on preexisting crystals, and explains the different types of oriented intergrowths. The authors conducted a study on the epitactic relationship between quartz and hemimorphite minerals, observing their structural similarities and suggesting a shared framework as the reason for this relationship. The article concludes with acknowledgments to mine owners and individuals who assisted in the research. [Extracted from the article]

Premature ovarian insufficiency is a common form of female infertility affecting up to 4% of women and characterised by amenorrhea with elevated gonadotropin before the age of 40. Oocytes require controlled DNA breakage and repair for homologous recombination and the maintenance of oocyte integrity. Biallelic disruption of the DNA damage repair gene, Fanconi anemia complementation group A (FANCA), is a common cause of Fanconi anaemia, a syndrome characterised by bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition, physical anomalies and POI. There is ongoing dispute about the role of heterozygous FANCA variants in POI pathogenesis, with insufficient evidence supporting causation. Here, we have identified biallelic FANCA variants in French sisters presenting with POI, including a novel missense variant of uncertain significance and a likely pathogenic deletion that initially evaded detection. Functional studies indicated no discernible effect on DNA damage sensitivity in patient lymphoblasts. These novel FANCA variants add evidence that heterozygous loss of one allele is insufficient to cause DNA damage sensitivity and POI. We propose that intragenic deletions, that are relatively common in FANCA, may be missed without careful analysis, and could explain the presumed causation of heterozygous variants. Accurate variant curation is critical to optimise patient care and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the increased maternal susceptibility for major adverse cardiovascular events in the postpartum period remains poor. Accordingly, this study tested the hypothesis that the balance between coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism is compromised during the puerperium period (35–45 days post-delivery) in swine. Systemic and coronary hemodynamic responses were assessed in anesthetized, open-chest control (nonpregnant) and puerperium/postpartum swine at baseline and in response to intravenous infusion of dobutamine (1–30 μg/kg/min). Blood pressure and heart rate were lower in postpartum swine at baseline and in response to dobutamine (P < 0.05). Coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen delivery were significantly diminished at baseline in postpartum swine (P < 0.001), which corresponded with ∼35% reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2) (P < 0.001). Postpartum swine displayed enhanced retrograde coronary flow, larger cardiomyocyte area (P < 0.01) and marked capillary rarefaction (P < 0.01). The relationship between coronary blood flow and heart rate (P < 0.05) or MVO 2 (P < 0.001) was significantly diminished in postpartum swine as dobutamine increased MVO 2 up to ∼135% in both groups. This reduction in myocardial perfusion was associated with decreases in myocardial lactate uptake (P < 0.001), increases in coronary venous PCO 2 (P < 0.01) and decreased coronary venous pH (P < 0.01). These findings suggest an impaired balance between coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism could contribute to the increased incidence of maternal myocardial ischemia and premature death in the postpartum period. [Display omitted] • Alterations in the structure and function of the coronary circulation characterize postpartum changes to the maternal heart. • Resting coronary flow is diminished in the maternal heart in the postpartum condition. • Indices of under-perfusion are present in maternal swine hearts in the postpartum condition. • Mechanisms contributing to dysregulated coronary control in the postpartum maternal heart require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in barley, causing significant losses for the malting and brewing industries. We hypothesized that the variation observed in Fusarium‐related issues during malting may be partially attributable to differences among Fusarium graminearum strains. Field trials in 2019–2021 used barley cultivars with different FHB resistance: Newdale (intermediate) and AAC Goldman (moderately resistant). Barley plants were grown under disease‐conducive conditions, and plots were inoculated with conidial suspensions of each of seven different F. graminearum monoclonal isolates plus a noninoculated control. Disease severity (as a percentage of symptomatic spikelets) significantly differed among years (2020 > 2019 > 2021). F. graminearum density in barley varied significantly across years (2019 > 2021 > 2020). Pathogen strain identity and cultivar (Newdale > AAC Goldman) had significant effects on F. graminearum density in barley grain. The harvested barley was micromalted. The deoxynivalenol (DON) content in barley and malt significantly differed among years and cultivars, with the highest levels in 2019 and in Newdale. Pathogen strain identity significantly influenced DON content in barley and malt. F. graminearum density in malt showed significant variation among years (2021 > 2019 > 2020) and was influenced by the pathogen strain identity, while cultivar did not significantly affect F. graminearum density in malt. Gushing varied significantly across years but was not affected by cultivar or pathogen strain identity and was independent of F. graminearum density. Our finding that F. graminearum strain identity altered impact in barley grain and malt may explain the variability of FHB impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a new, analytical, method for computing the exact number of relative equilibria in the planar, circular, restricted 4-body problem of celestial mechanics. The new approach allows for a very efficient computer-aided proof, and opens a potential pathway to proving harder instances of the n-body problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To report on the occurrence and characteristics of eye manifestations and determine the predictors of permanent vision loss (PVL) in patients with giant cell arteritis. Case-control study. Retrospective cohort study of 258 patients diagnosed with giant cell arteritis (GCA) over a 20- year period at a single institution. Eighty nine of 258 patients (34.5%) with GCA had vision symptoms and 56 (21.7%) developed PVL. Acute loss of vision with no preceding ocular symptoms occurred in 28.5%; for those with symptoms, median time to vision loss was 4.5 days. Bilateral clinical eye involvement was present in 38%, mostly anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), rarely vascular occlusions. Vision loss was severe with acuity of count fingers or less or mean deficit −20 decibels or less in at least one eye in 80% of patients with PVL. Following initiation of GC treatment, 23% of patients continued to have further vision loss and only 5% showed improvement. We found predictors of PVL by multivariate analysis to be increased age (OR 1.05, p0.040), jaw claudication (OR 2.29, p = .040), diplopia (OR 2.74, p = .039), increased platelets (OR 2.98, p = .020) and lower CRP (OR 0.63, p = .004). We found there is a 27.3% decrease in the odds of having PVL when CRP value is doubled, keeping all other variables fixed. Permanent vision loss was 3.07 times more likely in the absence of polymyalgia rheumatica and 4.25 times more likely in patients without headaches. Ocular involvement in GCA is common, usually severe with little chance of recovery. Detailed analysis of visual acuity and visual field loss in our PVL cohort adds valuable data to the literature which lacks this information. Older patients with jaw claudication, diplopia, and increased platelets are at higher risk for permanent vision loss, especially when PMR and headache are absent and acute phase reactants lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia and cancer are multifactorial, widely-feared, age-associated clinical syndromes that are increasing in prevalence. There have been major breakthroughs in clinical cancer research leading to some effective treatments, whereas the field of dementia has achieved comparatively limited success in clinical research. The lessons of cancer research may help those in the dementia research field in confronting some of the dilemmas faced when the clinical care regimen is not entirely safe or efficacious. Cancer clinical trials have assumed that untreated individuals with cancer are at high risk for morbidity and mortality after primary diagnoses. Thus, patients deserve a choice of clinical interventions, either standard of care or experimental, even if the benefits are not certain and the therapy's side effects are potentially severe. The prognosis for many individuals at risk for dementia carries a correspondingly high level of risk for both mortality and severe morbidity, particularly if one focuses on "health-span" rather than lifespan. Caregivers and patients can be strongly impacted by dementia and the many troubling associated symptoms that often go well beyond amnesia. Polls, surveys, and a literature on "dementia worry" strongly underscore that the public fears dementia. While there are institutional and industry hurdles that complicate enrollment in randomized trials, the gravity of the future morbidity and mortality inherent in a dementia diagnosis may require reconsideration of the current protective stance that limits the freedom of at-risk individuals (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) to participate and potentially benefit from ongoing clinical research. There is also evidence from both cancer and dementia research that individuals enrolled in the placebo arms of clinical trials have unexpectedly good outcomes, indicating that participation in clinical trial can have medical benefits to enrollees. To highlight aspects of cancer clinical research that may inform present and future dementia clinical research, this review highlights three main themes: the risk of side effects should be weighed against the often dire consequences of non-treatment; the desirability of long-term incremental (rather than "magic bullet") clinical advances; and, the eventual importance of combination therapies, reflecting that the dementia clinical syndrome has many underlying biological pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunohistochemistry is a crucial method for detecting specific proteins within tissue samples, yet constrained to one biomarker per tissue section. Multiplexed immunofluorescence, while allowing simultaneous visualization of multiple proteins, faces limitations in the number of simultaneous fluorescent labels due to spectral overlap. Although cyclic immunofluorescence techniques have successfully broadened antibody staining capacities in a single tissue sample, they are plagued by time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures, sample degradation risks, and inability to scale beyond thin sections. In this study, we introduce the use of 3D confocal Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy as a high-throughput, multiplexed immunofluorescence platform that can differentiate 11 or more biomarkers in 3D tissue volumes. Leveraging both spectral and lifetime information, this approach allows for practical spatial biology in thin sections that can readily scale to larger volumes of tissue. We believe that this highly multiplexed and versatile biomarker imaging platform will significantly expedite cancer research and enable new translational approaches in the future. Confocal Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy is introduced for highly multiplexed immunofluorescence, enabling the differentiation of 11+ biomarkers in 3D tissue, a technique with potential for interpreting the spatial heterogeneity of thick tumor samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first systematic reviews of the effects of exercise on appetite‐regulation and energy intake demonstrated changes in appetite‐regulating hormones consistent with appetite suppression and decreases in subsequent relative energy intake over a decade ago. More recently, an intensity‐dependent effect and several potential mechanisms were proposed, and this review aims to highlight advances in this field. While exercise‐induced appetite suppression clearly involves acylated ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 may also be involved, though recent evidence suggests peptide tyrosine tyrosine may not be relevant. Changes in subjective appetite perceptions and energy intake continue to be equivocal, though these results are likely due to small sample sizes and methodological inconsistencies. Of the proposed mechanisms responsible for exercise‐induced appetite suppression, lactate has garnered the most support through in vitro and in vivo rodent studies as well as a growing amount of work in humans. Other potential modulators of exercise‐induced appetite suppression may include sex hormones, growth‐differentiation factor 15, Lac‐Phe, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and asprosin. Research should focus on the mechanisms responsible for the changes and consider these other modulators (i.e., myokines/exerkines) of appetite to improve our understanding of the role of exercise on appetite regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth involved in the child welfare system need creative ways to meet their needs. One type of active group intervention, adventure therapy, is currently gaining momentum as an additional support for youth with trauma histories. The Ohio Adventure Therapy Coalition (OATC) developed an implementation model to support youth workers in facilitating adventure therapy groups across the state with a focus on trauma-informed care and involving providers in a parallel process, so they can personally understand the process of adventure therapy. A pilot study collected data from youth, parents and providers looking at overall mental health functioning and trauma symptoms. Overall, youth reported significant improvements in overall mental health functioning, while parents reported significant overall improvements as well as improvements on five subscales as measured by the Youth Outcomes Questionnaire. Providers reported significant decreases in youth trauma symptoms, behavioral and emotional needs and risk behaviors as captured by the CANS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health literacy (MHL) programs, which aim to improve knowledge, reduce stigma and promote help-seeking behavior, are a promising approach to meeting the growing mental and behavioral health needs of youth. This study aimed to understand the relational impacts of a MHL curriculum on students and teachers. A MHL curriculum was delivered in middle school classrooms across 11 schools in two diverse school districts in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast regions. Fifteen teachers and counselors who delivered the MHL curriculum participated in focus groups to describe their experiences using the curriculum and perceptions of its impact. Qualitative focus group data were analyzed via team-based inductive thematic analysis following a grounded theory approach. Findings indicate that educators perceived the universal school MHL program to have a positive impact on relationships amongst students and between students and teachers. Participants reported that the MHL curriculum helped to open conversations about mental health and related topics by developing common language and providing an opportunity to model vulnerability. Having these conversations improved classroom rapport and helped teachers develop deeper connections with students. As a result, teachers and students achieved greater empathy and students advocated more for themselves and their peers. Implications for integrating MHL programs into multi-tiered frameworks in schools to expand access to mental health supports are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with concealable stigma continually decide whether, and if so, how to disclose to others. These complex decision-making processes are evident across various stigmatized sexual health contexts, including sexually transmitted diseases and infections, LGBTQ+ identities, and sexual trauma, among others. One context that has received less attention within communication scholarship is difficulty orgasming among women. Due to the stigma associated with this experience, women are often reluctant to disclose their orgasm difficulties to others, especially their sexual and/or relational partners. However, the motivations women have for, and the factors they consider prior to disclosure have yet to be identified. Building upon extant sexual health communication, concealable stigma, and disclosure research, this study used semi-structured interviews (N = 31) to examine how women disclose orgasm difficulties within their sexual and/or romantic relationships. Our findings highlight several motivations women have for (non)disclosure, and various contextual and situational factors that complicate their disclosure processes. This study contributes to our theoretical understanding of the disclosure processes model (DPM) and the disclosure of concealable (sexual health) stigma. This study also offers practical insights for improving disclosure and experiences with stigma within this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the ethical implications of removing Entonox® from labor wards as part of a strategy to mitigate the climate crisis. The authors argue that while the greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting effects of nitrous oxide are well-known, it is premature to remove it without first addressing wastage and exploring alternative strategies. They emphasize the importance of considering patient care, staff safety, and the impact on vulnerable groups when making decisions about sustainability in healthcare. The authors also call for a broader approach to sustainability that goes beyond carbon counting and includes considerations of health inequality and social justice. [Extracted from the article]

Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a growing concern for barley (Hordeum vulgare) production in most humid, temperate growing regions of the world. Under epidemic conditions, this disease can reduce yields significantly. Reduction of kernel plumpness is associated with lower malt extract and consequently grain quality. Enhanced resistance to this disease is a major goal of western Canadian two‐row barley breeding programmes; however, two‐row barley is considered to be more susceptible than six‐row barley. Plant–pathogen interactions observed for Canadian germplasm are polygenic, where quantitative breeding methods could be beneficial for the development of resistant germplasm. A germplasm panel consisting of 200 two‐row, spring barley genotypes with differential reaction to spot blotch was evaluated at Brandon, Manitoba (MB), and Melfort, Saskatchewan (SK), over eight site years. Genome‐wide association study was conducted using a 50k single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Illumina iSelect genotyping array. The most‐resistant germplasm was found to carry Midwest Six‐rowed Durable Resistant Haplotype (MSDRH) alleles at the loci located on chromosomes 1H (Rcs‐qtl‐1H‐11_10764), 3H (Rcs‐qtl‐3H‐11_10565) and 7H (Rcs‐qtl‐7H‐11_20162, Rcs5 locus), where the 3H locus was found to be the most under‐represented in Canadian germplasm. Additional marker‐trait associations within nurseries were identified on chromosomes 1H, 2H and 4H. Several of the SNP markers identified were found to be polymorphic within the Canadian two‐row germplasm panel and thus could be useful for enhancing spot blotch resistance in two‐row barley for development of resistant cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilevel Stein variational gradient descent is a method for particle-based variational inference that leverages hierarchies of surrogate target distributions with varying costs and fidelity to computationally speed up inference. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, an extension of a previous cost complexity analysis is presented that applies even when the exponential convergence rate of single-level Stein variational gradient descent depends on iteration-varying parameters. Second, multilevel Stein variational gradient descent is applied to a large-scale Bayesian inverse problem of inferring discretized basal sliding coefficient fields of the Arolla glacier ice. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the multilevel version achieves orders of magnitude speedups compared to its single-level version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate constant for electron attachment to Mo(CO)6 was determined to be ka = 2.4 ± 0.6 × 10−7 cm3 s−1 at 297 K in a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe experiment. The sole anion product is Mo(CO)5−. A small decline in ka was observed up to 450 K, and decomposition was apparent at higher temperatures. The charge transfer reaction of Ar+ with Mo(CO)6 is exothermic by 7.59 ± 0.03 eV, which appears to be sufficient to remove the first 5 ligands from Mo(CO)6+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use the previously introduced Canonical Polyadic (CP)-Multiple Shift Block Inverse Iteration (MSBII) eigensolver [S. D. Kallullathil and T. Carrington, J. Chem. Phys. 155, 234105 (2021)] in conjunction with a contraction tree to compute vibrational spectra. The CP-MSBII eigensolver uses the CP format. The memory cost scales linearly with the number of coordinates. A tensor in CP format represents a wavefunction constrained to be a sum of products (SOP). An SOP wavefunction can be made more accurate by increasing the number of terms, the rank. When the required rank is large, the runtime of a calculation in CP format is long, although the memory cost is small. To make the method more efficient, we break the full problem into pieces using a contraction tree. The required rank for each of the sub-problems is small. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the ideas, we computed vibrational energy levels of acetonitrile (12-D) and ethylene oxide (15-D). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop an improved stochastic formalism for the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE), based on an exact separation of the effective-interaction W into two parts, W = (W − vW) + vW, where the latter is formally any translationally invariant interaction, vW(r − r′). When optimizing the fit of the exchange kernel vW to W, using a stochastic sampling W, the difference W − vW becomes quite small. Then, in the main BSE routine, this small difference is stochastically sampled. The number of stochastic samples needed for an accurate spectrum is then largely independent of system size. While the method is formally cubic in scaling, the scaling prefactor is small due to the constant number of stochastic orbitals needed for sampling W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new collocation method for computing the vibrational spectrum of a polyatomic molecule. Some form of quadrature or collocation is necessary when the potential energy surface does not have a simple form that simplifies the calculation of the potential matrix elements required to do a variational calculation. With quadrature, better accuracy is obtained by using more points than basis functions. To achieve the same advantage with collocation, we introduce a collocation method with more points than basis functions. Critically important, the method can be used with a large basis because it is incorporated into an iterative eigensolver. Previous collocation methods with more points than functions were incompatible with iterative eigensolvers. We test the new ideas by computing energy levels of molecules with as many as six atoms. We use pruned bases but expect the new method to be advantageous whenever one uses a basis for which it is not possible to find an accurate quadrature with about as many points as there are basis functions. For our test molecules, accurate energy levels are obtained even using non-optimal, simple, equally spaced points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the ubiquity and importance of water, water dimer has been intensively studied. Computing the (ro-)vibrational spectrum of water dimer is challenging. The potential has eight wells separated by low barriers, which makes harmonic approximations of limited utility. A variational approach is imperative, but difficult because there are 12 coupled vibrational coordinates. In this paper, we use a product contracted basis whose functions are products of intramolecular and intermolecular functions computed using an iterative eigensolver. An intermediate matrix F facilitates calculating matrix elements. Using F, it is possible to do calculations on a general potential without storing the potential on the full quadrature grid. We find that surprisingly many intermolecular functions are required. This is due to the importance of coupling between inter- and intra-molecular coordinates. The full G16 symmetry of water dimer is exploited. We calculate, for the first time, monomer excited stretch states and compare P(1) transition frequencies with their experimental counterparts. We also compare with experimental vibrational shifts and tunneling splittings. Surprisingly, we find that the largest tunneling splitting, which does not involve the interchange of the two monomers, is smaller in the asymmetric stretch excited state than in the ground state. Differences between levels we compute and those obtained with a [6+6]D adiabatic approximation [Leforestier et al. J. Chem. Phys. 137 014305 (2012)] are ∼ 0.6 cm−1 for states without monomer excitation, ∼ 4 cm−1 for monomer excited bend states, and as large as ∼ 10 cm−1 for monomer excited stretch states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]