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Estimates of temporal trends in species' occupancy are essential for conservation policy and planning, but limitations to the data and models often result in very high trend uncertainty. A critical source of uncertainty that degrades scientific credibility is that caused by disagreement among studies or models. Modelers are aware of this uncertainty but usually only partially estimate it and communicate it to decision makers. At the same time, there is growing awareness that full disclosure of uncertainty is critical for effective translation of science into policies and plans. But what are the most effective approaches to estimating uncertainty and communicating uncertainty to decision makers? We explored how alternative approaches to estimating and communicating uncertainty of species trends could affect decisions concerning conservation status of freshwater fishes. We used ensemble models to propagate trend uncertainty within and among models and communicated this uncertainty with categorical distributions of trend direction and magnitude. All approaches were designed to fit an established decision‐making system used to assign species conservation status by the New Zealand government. Our results showed how approaches that failed to fully disclose uncertainty, while simplifying the information presented, could hamper species conservation or lead to ineffective decisions. We recommend an approach that was recently used effectively to communicate trend uncertainty to a panel responsible for setting the conservation status of New Zealand's freshwater fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The SIR epidemic model is useful for measuring the rate of spread of COVID-19 strains (B.1.617.2/P.1/C.37/B.1.621), in terms of epidemiological threshold R0 over time. Objective: To evaluate a mathematical model of differential type, typical of the behavior of COVID-19 for the Peruvian collective. Methods: A differential mathematical model of the behavior of the pandemic was developed for the Peruvian collective, based on the experience in the control of Kermack--McKendrick infections. The number of susceptible S, infected and spreading infection I and recovered R was estimated, using official datasets from the World Health Organization, based on the history between March 7 and September 12, 2020 and; projected for 52 weeks until September 11, 2021. Results: The lowest rate of infections will occur from April 3, 2021. Evidencing a prognosis of lower transmissibility for May 29, 2021 with an infected rate (β=0.08) and threshold (R0=0.000), the accuracy of the model was also quantified at 97.795%, with 2.205% of average percentage error, with the temporary average value being R0 <1, so each person who contracts the disease will infect less than one person before dying or recovering, so the outbreak will disappear. Conclusion: The curve of infections in Peru will depend directly on mitigation measures to curb the spread of infection and predict sustained transmission through vaccination against covid-19 type strains; with the observance of people of preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work constitutes a critical reflection and an approach to the notion of contemporary art, understanding it as an epochal landscape. The analysis is made by approaching some of the notions that are characteristic of it, such as: the readymade, pastiche, kitsch, techne, anything goes and revisionism, among others. These notions are part of a limbotic landscape that smells of stagnation, a sort of loop from which there is no definite way out, hence its anguish and its longing for a threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human being makes life in the complex space-time through displacements that entail changes, steps that must be taken or places that must be crossed to access new experiences. The notion of threshold in art not only refers us to the material of a door or entrance, to the action of going through or passing from one physical place to another, symbolically it is also associated to the notion of transition, hence in this essay refer to the change or passage from the external (profane) to the internal (sacred) or we talk about these takeovers and losses of being. Works of art are considered thresholds because they are doors to another reality; more so in the case of installations that allow the viewer to enter them and walk through them, producing other sensations of an immersive experience. Through a review of the immersive work of internationally renowned artists such as Marcel Duchamp, Jesús Soto, Carlos Cruz Diez, Richard Serra, Eduardo Chillida, Christo & Jeanne-Claude, Song Dong and Ernesto Neto, we understand how they stimulate several senses at the same time assuming a more complex experience, where the spectator is a constituent part of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from an existentialist course, we will leave aside the pictorial proposal of the Venezuelan artist Félix Royett in order to channel ourselves into his work as an engraver, that is, we will leave the flagellation of the canvases and imbue ourselves with the incisions, the cuts on the surface to record whose cliffs are the entrances to investigate from its existence, to furrow its expressive insistence as perforations that seek to penetrate and listen to the caverns of the soul, manifested in dark colorations, dark resonances of the pure figure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo se enfoca en las películas colombianas El vuelco del cangrejo y La Sirga. Sus protagonistas llegan a lugares desconocidos tras episodios de intenso sufrimiento. Estos lugares funcionan como falsos umbrales que separan a los personajes de sus comunidades de origen pero que no pueden ofrecerles una nueva. Suspendidos en un estado liminal, los personajes se encuentran con la imposibilidad de hacer una experiencia de lo que han vivido, ya que, como nos recordaba Walter Benjamin, esto requiere una comunidad que cuente historias y las escuche. Las crisis de la comunidad, de la narración y de la experiencia son el resultado de la modernización que penetra en la periferia geográfica y económica del país. Postulamos que estas películas configuran una estética de la lentitud que les permite expresar y responder a esta triple crisis. This article focuses on the Colombian films El vuelco del cangrejo and La Sirga. Their protagonists arrive in unknown places after events of intense suffering. These places function as false thresholds that separate the characters from their original communities but cannot offer them a new one. Suspended in a liminal state, the characters find it impossible to create experience out of what they have lived through, since, as Walter Benjamin reminds us, this requires a community that tells and listens to stories. The crisis of community, narrative, and experience are the result of modernization, as it enters the geographic and economic periphery of the country. We postulate that these films develop an aesthetics of slowness that allows them to express and respond to this triple crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work seeks to reflect on some places that due to their characteristics and particularities are called cursed places. It is proposed that these spaces are really thresholds where the categories of time and space meet in a dynamic but conflictive way. A space in which an interpretative discourse made from the present and a past time is superimposed with a series of invisibilized narratives that offer a diametrically different explanation to the hegemonic distinction of considering as spaces of curse and misfortune some places that have for their original inhabitants other readings. We are in the presence of a conflictive space, a threshold of encounter between the past and the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work invites us to take a look at some of the symbols and references drawn from Western mythology and literature that have given an account of the way we have approached death, and how psychology itself has incorporated them to establish a way of approaching it, particularly the Jungian current. As he states: "The study of the unconscious is associated with images of the underworld, and the underlying contents below the threshold of consciousness" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents her reflections about liminality, using the symbol of the threshold and its associations, in the discourses of mythology and depth psychology. Transitional moments are interpreted in this essay as spaces for the surging of creativity, for necessary transformations of the psyche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In Mexico, alcohol consumption is the main problem related to substance use among university students. Objective. To analyze emerging alcohol consumption patterns in students at a public university through the administration of an online survey. Method. This is a cross-sectional, survey-based study. Participants included 3,888 students from a large university in Mexico City, to whom the alcohol and sociodemographic data section of the Cuestionario de Estudiantes 2014 was electronically administered in August-September 2018 and 2019. Latent Class Analysis was applied to the data obtained. During the research, the principles, norms, and ethical precepts of research on human beings were observed. Results. The relevant variables observed were length of exposure to alcohol, excess alcohol consumption, consumption on a typical day and alcohol-related consequences, which were used to create a model with four groups: teetotalers and early drinkers without consequences, risky drinkers with consequences, experienced risky drinkers without consequences and habitual drinkers with consequences. 36.7% of the sample were classified into groups with consequences and a high likelihood of excess consumption. Discussion and conclusion. Lengthy exposure to alcohol influences measures of frequency and intensity of consumption in relation to the number of consequences suffered. This latent class model can guide the design and priority of universal, selective, or suggested preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the teaching experience in a university chair of the first year of a career in social sciences, this essay seeks to reflect on the challenges that arise in a context of social, preventive and obligatory isolation, first and distancing later, that compelled to change all from learning environments to online environments. Thus, the first months of the teaching experience story is articulated with some thoughts raised by the experience imbricated with several pedagogical discourses put into circulation during the early days of the social, preventive and obligatory isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the so far unnoticed relation between Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote and the life and works of Spanish novelist Francisco Umbral. In spite of having written numerous texts on canonical Spanish authors, Umbral actually paid limited attention to Cervantes. The purpose of the paper is to establish the few yet significant affinities that Umbral expressed towards Cervantes and the main character of his novel. In order to demonstrate this complex link, the paper compares the character of Alonso Quijano to Umbral as a public figure himself. In both cases, there is a constant negotiation between fact and fiction, which leads us to problematize, according to Ian Watt, the concept of "myth" as a paradigm of modern individualism. The second part of the paper examines the metaphors of history that Umbral discovers throughout his reading of Don Quixote. Finally, the third section reflects on the similarities between Quijano and Umbral as both heroes and polemicists. Conclusions show that Umbral's interpretation is symptomatic of a shared perspective of Miguel de Cervantes' novel among late 20th century Spanish writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing how much management of agricultural landscapes, in addition to protected areas, can offset biodiversity erosion in the tropics is a central issue for conservation that still requires cross‐taxonomic and landscape‐scale studies. We measured the effects of Amazonia deforestation and subsequent land‐use intensification in 6 agricultural areas (landscape scale), where we sampled plants and 4 animal groups (birds, earthworms, fruit flies, and moths). We assessed land‐use intensification with a synthetic index based on landscape metrics (total area and relative percentages of land uses, edge density, mean patch density and diversity, and fractal structures at 5 dates from 1990 to 2007). Species richness decreased consistently as agricultural intensification increased despite slight differences in the responses of sampled groups. Globally, in moderately deforested landscapes species richness was relatively stable, and there was a clear threshold in biodiversity loss midway along the intensification gradient, mainly linked to a drop in forest cover and quality. Our results suggest anthropogenic landscapes with high‐quality forest covering >40 % of the surface area may prevent biodiversity loss in Amazonia. Article impact statement: Tropical landscapes should retain over 40% of forests and 50% of unaffected patches to efficiently conserve biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes biopolitics discussion in the context of contemporary political philosophy: Arendt, Foucault, Agamben, Esposito and Derrida. The first two are crosslinked because they put us in the "threshold" or "birth of biopolitics", the following two because they provide the negative and affirmative dimensions thereof. While the latter indicates the character of undecidability field explored. The route I follow is, first, to expose how it is argumentatively placed each of the authors cited around the expression: "man is a political animal". Secondly, I raise the importance of going beyond an affirmative and negative biopolitics, once I check the reviews of Italian Foucault and Arendt. Thirdly, we establish the differences between, on the one hand, the Italians in their ontologizador and simplistic approach of biopolitics and, second, Arendt and Foucault as singular historical event. Fourth, I explain in "political friendship "the alternatives proposed by these authors on the problem of managing life or biopolitics. Finally, and fifthly, I outline a reading of biopolitics as phármakon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difference-as-such and difference-in-kind manifest themselves simultaneously as two aspects of processual becoming. Although they both arise in the break of the present, they are of a different nature. This is reflected in the types of experience they give rise to and in terms of how they advance. In making explicit the conceptual differences between the types experience, we make recourse to erlebnis and erfahrung as articulated by Benjamin and we posit transition and passage as modes of advance specific to each type of experience. To be able to perceive change, we need markers and indicators to discern transition and passage, a function fulfilled by thresholds. Thus, our text identifies different modalities of thresholding required by transition and passage as processual differentiators within erlebnis and erfahrung as producers of difference. Our text does not purport to be a synthesis of Benjamin's thought on experience; we seek to propose "clinamic agents" which can perhaps inflect subsequent readings or understandings of erlebnis and erfahrung and their constellation of attendant ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to know the behavior of the droughts in the high Andine physical--geographical environment over 2000 masl, the calculation procedure of the standard precipitation index (SPI) is applied. The procedure is established using periods of analysis within the range of six and twelve months using the data of three different meteorological stations in the Hole of Guayllabamba. The stations are situated along the longitudinal axis of the research area with different heights. As a result the values of the standard precipitation index (SPI) were obtained using as a reference the minus one (-1) value. This value is accepted as the threshold that identifies the occurrences of drought events, and allows to know its severity as well as its duration using as a reference the monthly precipitation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We intend to problematize art and madness. We begin by discussing the experience of the researcher in relation to images of the world, to witnessing and to the image of the insane, and then inevitably to the outside they evoke. Subsequently, we stand before a wall, a limit situation in which madness as catastrophe and art as poetics compose a threshold, an absence which Blanchot transposes to language to bring other possible constellations into view, both as words and as their unnamable others. Finally, with Walter Benjamin, we touch upon the grain of the history of madness - immersed in the Writing Workshop at the São Pedro Psychiatric Hospital, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, we reveal that, in relation to madness, art can become the essential language of the perilous passage towards experience, transposing the experience of this horrific state to bring another sense to the world, recognizing other modes of existence which may come to be other poetics of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the density of natural reserves in the forest landscape may provide conservation benefits for biodiversity within and beyond reserve borders. We used 2 French data sets on saproxylic beetles and landscape cover of forest reserves (LCFR) to test this hypothesis: national standardized data derived from 252 assessment plots in managed and reserve stands in 9 lowland and 5 highland forests and data from the lowland Rambouillet forest, a forested landscape where a pioneer conservation policy led to creation of a dense network of reserves. Abundance of rare and common saproxylic species and total saproxylic species richness were higher in forest reserves than in adjacent managed stands only in highland forests. In the lowland regional case study, as LCFR increased total species richness and common species abundance in reserves increased. In this case study, when there were two or more reserve patches, rare species abundance inside reserves was higher and common species richness in managed stands was higher than when there was a single large reserve. Spillover and habitat amount affected ecological processes underlying these landscape reserve effects. When LCFR positively affected species richness and abundance in reserves or managed stands, >12-20% reserve cover led to the highest species diversity and abundance. This result is consistent with the target of 17% forested land area in reserves set at the Nagoya biodiversity summit in 2010. Therefore, to preserve biodiversity we recommend at least doubling the current proportion of forest reserves in European forested landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the creative work of Francisco Umbral, an author who has left us a wide work covering various genres: poetry, novel, essay, journalistic. But it is the latter, chronic or article, which to a greater extent, satisfies the need for urgent and constant Francisco Umbral typewriter. Our goal is to find the reasons and feelings associated with this need; We are talking about a poetic, or way of seeing and understanding the world that relates to life and art. And in this search we found a series of emotional constants which justify this task of writing and giving coherence and authenticity to everything writes. For this purpose we had into account, above all, trials and private diaries, although many other sources argue as we say. Freedom is offered as the first and most important of these constants; This give birth to another set of ideas and emotions that will act as a spur of a work that ranges from the most external and realistic issues, to other more intimate and transcendent. A poetic, therefore, which gives cohesion and explains a so rich and so attractive as the Francisco Umbral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some studies that were carried out on the origin from the petroleum to samples in international laboratories for the technique gas chromatography -spectrometry of mass (CG-EM) they show that those mentioned raw they originated in rock mother of carbonated nature. They were deposited notably in marine sedimentation atmospheres anoxic .On the other hand the gases that were analyzed of reservoirs of the Cretaceous and Jurassic by means of relationship of isotope of carbon 13C/12C evidence their origin termogenic. The existence of deposits of this raw and gases outline a challenge to the oil industry since at the present time the application of new technological processes of more efficiency-competition is needed that guarantee that those derived stay in the first line of the energy resources with smaller influence on the environment. The standardized methods of characterization of physicalchemical and instrumental (ASTM, IP, ISO) they facilitate that the compositions are known and characteristic of raw and accompanying gases. On such a base to determine type of processes to use and degree of severity that I know requires for the obtaining of having derived of the petroleum according to the demands to international scale. The determinations were applied to samples of raw and gases of the formation Veloz superior (first heaped) and inferior (heaped second) of the location Puerto Escondido". It was demonstrated that the gases are: humid, of origin termogenic, they present high content of I sulfur of hydrogen and dioxide of carbon. The petroleums are: biodegraded or little biodegraded, highly sulfurous, with high contents of asphalthenes us and high tendency to the coke formation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that pain is a disagreeable sensory and emotional experience that is associated with some type of injury (I begin paradoxically, since it is a response before a harmful stimulation). It is totally subjective, assessable information and borne in mind by every individual, since it is normally a warning of an abnormal condition that it is going to affect the subject. This indication is set off and alerts us at various times, depending on the threshold of the pain that has each of us has. The threshold of pain is defined as the minimal intensity from which a stimulus is considered to be painful. It should not be confused with the tolerance to pain that is the maximum intensity of pain that we are capable of enduring. Neither of these indications, though in this case we will focus on the threshold of pain, are constant in all subjects throughout our life, but diverse studies have confirmed it is going to be influenced by genetics and social and emotional factors, amongst others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic exposition of Sheffer polynomial sequences via determinantal form is given. A general linear interpolation problem related to Sheffer sequences is considered. It generalizes many known cases of linear interpolation. Numerical examples and conclusions close the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: its demostrate, through theoretical analysis, that the physiological concept principle "all or none" that applies to excitable cells, is inadequate and contradictory phrase, because it lends itself to misinterpretation and electrostatic phenomenon blurs the channels underlying of voltage-gated Na+ (Nav). Discussion: The segments voltage sensors S4 of Na+ channels present arginine residues with positive charge, which interact with the internal environment and generate electric repulsion caused by the pore opening of the channel through which enters the sodium ions and depolarize membrane. As above occurs only when the membrane reaches a threshold level, then, the phrase "all or nothing" principle, in physiology classic texts and indexed journals is contradictory and meaningless. Conclusion: Since it is a purely electrical phenomenon which is triggered when the excitable cell membrane reaches a fair variation of voltage (threshold level), we propose that rather than continue to use the traditional phrase "all or nothing" principle, is used the phrase "electrostatic effect", to be more consistent with the molecular and electrical events that actually occur in the excitable membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We use the theory of symmetric functions to enumerate various classes of alternating permutations w of . These classes include the following: (1) both w and are alternating, (2) w has certain special shapes, such as , under the RSK algorithm, (3) w has a specified cycle type, and (4) w has a specified number of fixed points. We also enumerate alternating permutations of a multiset. Most of our formulas are umbral expressions where after expanding the expression in powers of a variable E, is interpreted as the Euler number . As a small corollary, we obtain a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients of an asymptotic expansion appearing in Ramanujan''s “Lost” Notebook. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A recurring problem in aging research is separating the effects of age per se from the effects of high-frequency hearing loss. One approach is to present test stimuli in the presence of a high-pass masker to control confounding differences in high-frequency audibility across age groups. However, there is evidence that such maskers may affect older and younger listeners differently. In this study, pure-tone thresholds were measured for younger and older listeners in the presence of high-pass maskers. The age groups were carefully selected based on similar unmasked thresholds at each frequency. Thresholds were measured in quiet and in seven masker conditions. Both younger and older listeners showed increased threshold shift below the masker passband as the masker level increased. The degree of threshold shift was not greater for older versus younger listeners. Results suggest that high-pass maskers may be used to reduce high-frequency sensitivity differences between younger and older listeners without introducing differential masking effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]