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Objective. To estimate with data from the continuous Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022), the national prevalence of suicidal behaviors in the adolescent and adult population, by sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and methods. Based on the Ensanut 2022, we analyzed similar questions in adolescents and adults related to lifetime and last-year suicide attempts. Results. 7.6% of the adolescent and 7.7% of the adult population ever thought about committing suicide. The prevalence of lifetime suicide attempted was 6.5% in adolescents and 3.5% in adults. The prevalence of last-year suicide attempts was 3.1% in adolescents and 0.6% in adults. Women reported the highest prevalence of suicide behaviors analyzed. Conclusion. Our findings reinforce the importance of placing youth suicide prevention as a priority on the national health agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To report population level prevalences of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) with respect to age, sex, well-being conditions, type of locality and region of the country. Materials and methods. We analyzed data from adolescents (n = 3 547) from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022) obtained through the CBCAR (cuestionario breve de conductas alimentarias de riesgo), and sociodemographic data. Prevalences and confidence intervals were obtained. Results. The prevalence of DEB is 1.6% (2.0% in women and 1.2% in men), in those between 14 and 19 years it is 2.3%, in urban areas 2.1%, central region 2.9% and third quintile of well-being, 3.1%. Conclusion. These data show the importance of monitoring DEB's in nationally representative surveys. Unlike the studies carried out in non-probabilistic samples, the Ensanut allows having data that reflect the diversity of the Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the prevalence of domestic violence in adult women during confinement derived from the Covid-19 pandemic and individual, familiar and communitarian associated factors. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis was carried out the 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey on Covid-19, with national representation. A logistic regression model adjusted for the variables of interest was performed. Results. The prevalence was 5.8%. The most reported acts were shouting, insults or threats (4.3%). Most of the women who reported some type of violence in the home had already experienced it before the confinement. Low levels of well-being (OR= 1.96, 95%CI: 1.28,2.99), and living in a home where job was lost due to contingency (OR= 1.96, 95%CI: 1.41,2.73) were associated factors. Conclusions. In care interventions, it is necessary to take into account factors that deepen the vulnerability of women, such as pre-existing violence and loss of employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To characterize female adolescents who have been pregnant, and to analyze the association between adolescent pregnancy and educational gaps. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data come from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut 2012), a Mexican representative survey. The set of data used is related to sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics from l 790 women from l 2 to l 9 years who had begun their sexual life and had a pregnancy record. Three statistical models were adjusted to observe the association between variables. The dependent variable of the first model was the condition of previous pregnancy, the second to be pregnant at the time of data collection, and the third, educational gap. Results. A 74.9% of the adolescents with history of pregnancy has educational gap. To have the condition of previous pregnancy is associated with living with sexual partner (OR=8.4), educational gap (OR=2.4), low socioeconomical level (OR=2.0) and school assistance (OR=0.5). To be pregnant at the time of data collection has related only to living with sexual partner (OR=9.4). The educational gap shows an association with having more than one pregnancy (OR=2.4), live with sexual partner (OR=1.6), low socioeconomical level (OR=1.8), and school assistance as protective factor (OR=0.3). Conclusion. It is necessary to implement effective and efficient educational public politics in order to decrease educational gap. At the same time, to guarantee and improve sexual education in the school system to prevent adolescent pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To offer current evidence about age at sexual initiation and contraceptive use among adolescent and adult women of different age groups, places of residence, and marital status in Mexico. Materials and methods. Data were analyzed from ENSANUT 2006 and 2012 surveys on knowledge and use of contraceptives. Results. In 2012 31.2% of 15-19 year old adolescent women had undergone sexual debut. Condom use increased from 31.8% in 2006 to 47.8% in 2012. Women in rural areas reported lower levels of contraceptive use at last sexual intercourse; 47.9% of 30-34 year-old and 53.2% of 35-49 year-old women reported not using any contraception at last sexual intercourse. A high percentage of women did not adopt contraception after the most recent obstetric event: 52% (15-19 years), 44.2% (20-29 years), 42.5% (30-34 years) and 39% (≥35 years)]. Conclusions. Equitable policies to promote contraception, particularly after a post-obstetric event, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the association between water insecurity (WI) and the presence of depressive symptomatology (DS) in the Mexican population aged 20 years and over. Materials and methods. We analyzed information from 11 806 adults and participants of Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). We used the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) and the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CESD-7) to measure WI and DS, respectively. We conducted multinomial logistic regression models adjusted by confounding variables. Results. WI is associated with the presence of DS in Mexican adults (odds ratio [OR]=1.5; p<0.001). The adjusted prevalence of DS was 6.1 points higher in people with WI. Other factors associated with DS, in the presence of WI, were: being female (OR=2.0; p<0.001), being separated or divorced (OR=1.5; p=0.001), not having any schooling (OR=2.9; p<0.001), belonging in the low tercile of well-being conditions (OR=1.3; p=0.005) and to have 60 or more years (OR=3.5; p<0.001). Conclusion. Waterrelated problems affect the mental health of the population. Monitoring mental health and WI is relevant in projects where water plays a key role, such as poverty reduction, economic development, and climate change mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study estimates the contribution of second and higher-order births to the adolescent fertility rate in Mexico from 2006 to 2014. We used data from nationally representative surveys for 2006, 2009, and 2014 to estimate the adolescent fertility rate, and the first, second, and higher-order birth components for the triennium prior to each survey at the national and state level. Our results showed that the second and higher-order component was 16.3 births per 1,000 women in 2003-05, 14.9 in 2006-08, and 16.9 in 2011-13. Second and higher-order births represented 25.9 percent of all teen births in 2003-05, 21.6 percent in 2006-08, and 21.9 percent in 2011-13. Second and higher-order births were heterogeneous across states. We found that second and higher-order births are highly prevalent and important contributors to the adolescent fertility rate. Postponing second and higher-order births would benefit both mothers and children. Monitoring them provides crucial information on the demand of targeted health system strategies that address the reproductive health needs of adolescent mothers. Interventions to prevent second and higher-order pregnancies must be developed and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the comprehensive sex education (CSE) coverage and to evaluate a set of indicators related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the seven components of the CSE framework among Mexican high-school students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in public and private high schools in Mexico. Questions about CSE coverage and about knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexual health were included. We present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to CSE, and sexual health outcomes. We fitted a series of multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between each CSE component exposure and sexual health outcomes, adjusting for age and sex. Results: There were significant associations between being exposed to each CSE components and the related sexual health outcomes. The strongest one was for identifying effective contraceptives among those exposed to the Sexual and Reproductive Health component (SRH) (OR 4.10; 95%CI[2.93,5.75]). Also, students exposed to the relationships component had 20% higher odds of affirming they could convince their partner to use condoms (OR 1.20; 95%CI[1.05,1.36]). Conclusions: This paper provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of CSE on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. In addition, it identifies areas that should be strengthened to increase the positive impact of CSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the relationship between disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, and alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents in a national survey in Mexico. Materials and methods. Data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19 were used. Three levels of DEB were established: no risk (DEB-NR), moderate risk (DEB-MR), and high risk (DEB-HR). An ordinal logistic regression model was performed with level of DEB risk as a dependent variable. Results. National prevalence of DEB-MR was 6.0% (95%CI: 5.6, 6.5), while that of DEBHR was 1.3% (95%CI: 1.1, 1.6). Suicide attempt (OR= 1.82, 95%CI: 1.02,3.25) and depressive symptoms (OR= 2.6, 95%CI: 1.40,4.98) were associated with being at a higher risk of DEB. Conclusion. Since both depressive symptoms and suicide attempt are associated with DEB, prevention strategies should consider interventions that simultaneously address the various mental health problems present in adolescence. K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify how the strategy of providing contraceptive methods after any obstetric event (APEO, its Spanish acronym) is implemented and to analyze the barriers, actions and recommendations to prevent subsequent pregnancies in adolescents. Materials and methods. Qualitative study through content analysis of 21 semi-structured interviews with health services providers from two Mexican states. Results. The provision of contraceptives after any obstetric event is promoted during pregnancy, childbirth, postabortion, puerperium and up to 12 months after the obstetric event. Counseling should address, in addition to technical information on contraceptive methods, other key issues related to the sexual and reproductive rights of adolescents. We identified personal, institutional and social barriers in the implementation of the strategy. Health staff provided specific recommendations and actions for consolidate this strategy. Conclusion. The APEO strategy must be strengthened to guarantee the supply of services according to the needs of women under 20, as well as to design interventions based on good practices and health providers' recommendations to overcome barriers and have longer birth intervals that imply further births beyond adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents findings from three opinion surveys conducted among representative samples of Mexico City residents: the first one immediately prior to the groundbreaking legalization of first-trimester abortion in April 2007, and one and two years after the reform. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess changes in opinion concerning abortion and correlates of favorable opinion following reform. In 2009 a clear majority (74 percent) of respondents were in support of the Mexico City law allowing for elective first-trimester abortion, compared with 63 percent in 2008 and 38 percent in 2007. A significant increase in support for extending the law to the rest of Mexico was found: from 51 percent in 2007 to 70 percent in 2008 and 83 percent in 2009. In 2008 the significant independent correlates of support for the Mexico City law were education, infrequent religious service attendance, sex (being male), and political party affiliation; in 2009 they were education beyond high school, infrequent religious service attendance, and ever having been married. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate and compare vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 and 24-35 months living in localities with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 and Ensanut 100k (2018). Materials and methods. Estimate of coverage with both surveys. Results. Between 2012 and 2018, according to proof and self-report, the coverage of the basic scheme was maintained in children aged 12-23 (51.6 vs. 60.2%) and 24-35 months (51.4 vs. 50.0%). Similarly, only with proof (53.9 vs. 51.3% and 52.8 vs. 44.2%). In children aged 24-35 months, the coverage of the reinforced basic scheme reinforcements with probative document and self-report (30.9 vs. 34.0%) and only with reinforcements (30.2 vs. 27.8%) was maintained. Coverage with second and third doses of hepatitis B in both age groups decreased; additionally, first dose of measlesmumps- rubella vaccine (SRP, in Spanish) and third dose of Pentavalent in children aged 24-35 months. Conclusions. Coverages were maintained by schemes, despite reductions in hepatitis B, pentavalent and SRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the utilization patterns of cancer prevention programs in women during the period 2000-2012 in Mexican women who participated in three national surveys. Materials and methods. We analyzed data from the ENSA 2000, ENSANUT 2006 and ENSANUT 2012 that are representative of the Mexican population. Prevalences were obtained, trend tests and Poisson regression were used to determine the possibility of having more coverage. Results. The coverage of Papanicolaou use in the last 12 months in 2012 was 45.5%, HPV testing in the last four years was 11.9% and mammography use in the past two years was 29.4% and 17.2% in women aged 50-69 years and 40-49 years, respectively. Conclusions. Although there was an increase in the coverage of screening programs, there should be a boost in the service quality and universal coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]