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Background: Due to the proximity to bony structures and the complex anatomy of the three-layered lateral abdominal wall, the surgical treatment of lateral ventral hernias is technically demanding. With this study we would like to demonstrate how lateral abdominal wall hernias can be treated using new robotic surgical techniques with extraperitoneal mesh placement. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the application of the robot in minimally invasive treatment of lateral abdominal wall hernias is safe and efficient. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent robotically-assisted lateral ventral hernia repair surgery from June 2019 to December 2023 was performed. Results: A total of 50 ventral hernias were operated robotically due to a lateral hernia in the study period. 45 patients had an incisional hernia and 5 patients a primary spighelian hernia. 27 patients had only lateral findings, whereas 23 patients had combined hernias with lateral and medial hernial defects. 18 patients were treated with a preperitoneal mesh (r-vTAPP). 31 patients required TAR to achieve complete fascial closure and sufficient mesh overlap (24 extraperitoneal approach r-eTAR/7 transperitonel approach r-TAR). One patient had to be converted intraoperatively from a planned preperitoneal mesh to an intraperitoneal mesh repair (r-IPOM). The median hernia defect area was 71 cm² (3–375 cm²). The median mesh size was 600 cm² (150–1290 cm²). The median mesh defect ratio (MDR) was 10 (2,33–133,33). Five postoperative complications were encountered (10%). Two reoperations (4%) were required. Conclusion: The utilization of new robotic surgical techniques provides a safe minimally invasive treatment option even for complex lateral ventral hernias that previously posed difficulties in surgical management. The early postoperative results show promising outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend to minimally invasive surgery has also made its way into the surgical treatment of incisional hernias. Unlike other areas of visceral surgery, recent years have seen a resurgence of open sublay repair in incisional hernia procedures, primarily due to the recognition of the retromuscular layer as the optimal mesh placement site. Additionally, with the growing availability of robotic systems in visceral surgery, these procedures are increasingly being offered in the form of minimally invasive procedures. These methods can be categorized based on the access routes: robotic-assisted transperitoneal procedures (e.g., r‑Rives, r‑TARUP, r‑TAR) and total extraperitoneal hernia repair (e.g., r‑eTEP, r‑eTAR). Notably, the introduction of transversus abdominis muscle release enables the robotic-assisted treatment of larger and more complex hernia cases with complete fascial closure. With respect to the comparison with open surgery required in retromuscular hernia treatment, the currently available literature on incisional hernia repair seems to show initial advantages of robotic-assisted surgery in the perioperative course. New technologies create new possibilities. In the context of surgical training the use of surgical robot systems with double consoles opens up completely new perspectives. Furthermore, the robot enables the implementation of models of artificial intelligence and augmented reality and could therefore open up novel dimensions in surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing age physical performance decreases. However, especially in orienteering, with the risk of running too fast in relation to map reading skills and thus of not being able to process important map information correctly a lower running speed can be an advantage. Further, with increasing age and the often-greater experience, the susceptibility to errors should decrease yielding to the aim of the study to analyze the relationship between average speed and age in senior orienteering. All national Competitions of Middle and Long Distance as well as the Swiss Championships in the Middle and Long Distance as well as in night orienteering were analyzed for the season 2018 and 2019 for all senior categories. Average running speed was calculated per category with the concept of performance km, whereby in 2018 ten competitions and in 2019 nine competitions yielding to a total sample size of 855 female and 950 male orienteers analyzed. Furthermore, polynomial analyses of second degree between average running speed and age were conducted with calculation of coefficient of determination and in addition multilinear regression analysis between average course time and age respectively distance absolved. Average age of peak performance was identified with 50.0 ± 2.3 years for men and 47.3 ± 3.1 for women in 2018 respectively 51.1 ± 3.1 years for men and 47.0 ± 3.0 for women in 2019. Furthermore, high coefficients of determination were identified with average values of 0.916 ± 0.061 in men and 0.910 ± 0.051 in women 2018 respectively 0.891 ± 0.102 in men and 0.913 ± 0.079 in women in 2019. The relatively high ages are probably due to the fact that Classic beginner mistakes such as running too fast compared to map reading skills become less common, which is reflected in an absolutely lower error rate and correspondingly leads to a less severe decrease in age-related performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the proposal from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) to restrict the use of nanoplastics (NP) and microplastics (MP) in consumer products will require reliable methods to perform size and mass-based concentration measurements. Analytical challenges arise at the nanometre to micrometre interface, e.g., 800 nm–10 µm, where techniques applicable at the nanometre scale reach their upper limit of applicability and approaches applicable at the micrometre scale must be pushed to their lower limits of detection. Herein, we compared the performances of nine analytical techniques by measuring the particle size distribution and mass-based concentration of polystyrene mixtures containing both nano and microparticles, with the educational aim to underline applicability and limitations of each technique. Light scattering-based measurements do not have the resolution to distinguish multiple populations in polydisperse samples. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), nano-flowcytometry (nFCM) and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation hyphenated with multiangle light scattering (AF4-MALS) cannot measure particles in the micrometre range. Static light scattering (SLS) is not able to accurately detect particles below 200 nm, and similarly to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM), is not suitable for accurate mass-based concentration measurements. Alternatives for high-resolution sizing and concentration measurements in the size range between 60 nm and 5 µm are tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS), that can bridge the gap between the nanometre and micrometre range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews efforts to structurally characterize metallic nanocontacts. While the electronic characterization of such junctions is relatively straight forward, usually it is technically challenging to study the nanocontact's structure at small length scales. However, knowing that the structure is the basis for understanding the electronic properties of the nanocontact, for example, it is necessary to explain the electronic properties by calculations based on structural models. Besides using a gate electrode, controlling the structure is an important way of understanding how the electronic transport properties can be influenced. A key to make structural information directly accessible is to choose a fabrication method that is adapted to the structural characterization method. Special emphasis is given to transmission electron microscopy fabrication and to thermally assisted electromigration methods due to their potential for obtaining information on both electrodes of the forming nanocontact. Controlled electromigration aims at studying the contact at constant temperature of the contact during electromigration compared to studies at constant temperature of the environment as done previously. We review efforts to calculate electromigration forces. We describe how hot spots are formed during electromigration. We summarize implications for the structure obtained from studies of the ballistic transport regime, tunneling, and Coulomb-blockade. We review the structure of the nanocontacts known from direct structural characterization. Singlecrystalline wires allow suppressing grain boundary electromigration. In thin films, the substrate plays an important role in influencing the defect and temperature distribution. Hot-spot formation and recrystallization are observed. We add information on the local temperature and current density and on alloys important for microelectronic interconnects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To test whether quantitative stress echocardiography using contrast-based myocardial blood flow (MBF, ml x min(-1) x g(-1)) measurements can detect coronary artery disease in humans. Methods: 48 patients eligible for pharmacological stress testing by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and willing to undergo subsequent coronary angiography were prospectively enrolled in the study. Baseline and adenosine-induced (140 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) hyperaemic MBF was analysed according to a three-coronary-artery-territory model. Vascular territories were categorised into three groups with increasing stenosis severity defined as percentage diameter reduction by quantitative coronary angiography. Results: Myocardial blood flow reserve (MBFR)-that is, the ratio of hyperaemic to baseline MBF, was obtained in 128 (89%) territories. Mean (SD) baseline MBF was 1.073 (0.395) ml x min(-1) x g(-1) and did not differ between territories supplied by coronary arteries with mild (<50% stenosis), moderate (50%-74% stenosis) or severe (>or=75% stenosis) disease. Mean (SD) hyperaemic MBF and MBFR were 2.509 (1.078) ml x min(-1) x g(-1) and 2.54 (1.03), respectively, and decreased linearly (r2 = 0.21 and r2 = 0.39) with stenosis severity. ROC analysis revealed that a territorial MBFR <1.94 detected >or=50% stenosis with 89% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Conclusion: Quantitative stress testing based on MBF measurements derived from contrast echocardiography is a new method for the non-invasive and reliable assessment of coronary artery disease in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide prevention is a core responsibility of psychiatry and psychotherapy. Periods of change in psychiatric inpatient treatment concepts are usually also accompanied by an increase in psychopathological behavior and with increased suicide rates in psychiatric hospitals, as seen in the 1970s and 1980s in Germany. That this represented a real increase of inpatient suicides during those years was confirmed and subsequently the number and rate of inpatient suicides has decreased from approximately 280 out of 100,000 admissions of patients in 1980 to approximately 50 in 2014. Death can also occur in psychiatric hospitals and an absolute prevention is not possible even under optimal conditions of therapy and nursing, communication and security. The suicide rate has clearly decreased over the last two decades in relation to admissions. The group of young male schizophrenic patients newly identified as having a high clinical suicide risk has decreased among the suicide victims whereas the percentage of severely depressed patients with delusions has increased. This reduction could be associated with the comprehensive improvements in educational and training programs in the field of suicide and suicide prevention, objectification of coping methods, development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, improvements in therapy and relationship possibilities and a general reduction in the number of suicides in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Perceived health risk (PHR) of a tobacco product may influence both uptake and continued use. In this study, we examined PHRs of snus and medicinal nicotine using the PHR scale and the relationship of PHR responses to use of these products in smokers seeking an alternative to smoking.Methods: Smokers were randomly assigned to snus or to medicinal nicotine for a period of 12 weeks and asked to only use the assigned product. The PHR scale involves rating the extent of perceived risk of a product for different diseases and was given at baseline and weeks 4 and 12 during treatment. Relationships between PHR scale scores and study attrition, compliance with only using the product, and continued use of the product after treatment were determined.Results: Response to the PHR scale showed no significant differences between the snus and medicinal nicotine for perceived risks for lung cancer, emphysema, and bronchitis. However, significant differences were observed for other cancers, heart disease, stroke and risk for addiction, particularly after product use, with higher scores among those assigned to snus. Scores on the PHR scale were not related to any of the trial outcome variables.Conclusions: Among smokers seeking an alternative to smoking in a clinic setting, PHR of a product changes after product use but may not be related to product use patterns.Implications: PHRs of snus or medicinal nicotine in smokers assigned to these products become more accurate after product use. PHR does not appear to be associated with patterns of product use; rather satisfaction with a product is a better indicator as to whether a smoker is compliant with only using the product or continues to use the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The main objectives were to determine the influence of secondary plant metabolites and antinutritives in lupin seeds on the fermentation performance of lactic acid bacteria and to study their ability to degrade these substances. The suitability of lupin raw materials as fermentation substrates was examined. Methods and Results To evaluate the fermentation performance, microbial growth, metabolite formation and substrate uptake in three different lupin substrates was monitored. On the one hand, a lupin protein isolate, which contained only trace amounts of phytochemicals was used in the study. On the other hand, the flour of Lupinus angustifolius cv . Boregine and the flour of the alkaloid rich lupin Lupinus angustifolius cv . Azuro were inoculated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The micro-organisms showed no significant differences in the fermentation performance on the different lupin flours. Similarly, the growth of most strains on lupin protein isolate was comparable to that on the lupin flours. The fermentation with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis led to a significant decrease in flatulence causing oligosaccharides. During fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum the phytic acid content was partially degraded. Conclusions Neither the secondary plant metabolites nor the antinutritives of lupin flour inhibited the growth or metabolic activity of the tested micro-organisms. Therefore, lupin flour is suitable for lactic fermentation. Some strains showed the ability to degrade oligosaccharides or phytic acid. Significance and Impact of the Study This work contributes to the fundamental knowledge of the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation of lupin substrates. Fermentation of lupin raw materials could be used to improve the nutritional value of the substrates due to the reduction of antinutritives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atoms or pairs of ions picked up by probe tips used in dynamic force microscopy (DFM) can be strongly displaced and even hop discontinuously upon approach to the sample surface. The energy barriers for some of those hops are of the right order of magnitude to explain the rise in energy dissipation commonly observed in DFM measurements at room temperature. The systematic computations reported here can explain the infrequent jumps and very low average energy dissipation observed low temperature in a previous DFM study on a KBr(001) sample. Close to the surface we indeed find new states separated by small energy barriers which account for those phenomena. These energy barriers strongly depend on details of the atomic arrangement in the vicinity of the tip apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitated calcium carbonates (PCC) of different particle morphologies were used as appropriate carrier particles for post-processing crosslinking reactions. Optimum particle morphology and size were estimated for preparation of dry liquids (DLs). The DLs were tested in three typical crosslinking reactions of polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many types of bacteria swim by rotating a bundle of helical filaments also called flagella. Each filament is driven by a rotary motor and a very flexible hook transmits the motor torque to the filament. We model it by discretizing Kirchhoff's elastic-rod theory and develop a coarse-grained approach for driving the helical filament by a motor torque. A rotating flagellum generates a thrust force, which pushes the cell body forward and which increases with the motor torque. We fix the rotating flagellum in space and show that it buckles under the thrust force at a critical motor torque. Buckling becomes visible as a supercritical Hopf bifurcation in the thrust force. A second buckling transition occurs at an even higher motor torque. We attach the flagellum to a spherical cell body and also observe the first buckling transition during locomotion. By changing the size of the cell body, we vary the necessary thrust force and thereby obtain a characteristic relation between the critical thrust force and motor torque. We present a elaborate analytical model for the buckling transition based on a helical rod which quantitatively reproduces the critical force-torque relation. Real values for motor torque, cell body size, and the geometry of the helical filament suggest that buckling should occur in single bacterial flagella. We also find that the orientation of pulling flagella along the driving torque is not stable and comment on the biological relevance for marine bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to get a better understanding of potential relationships among the microstructure and stability of Pickering emulsions, rheological studies were performed using differently modified disperable colloidal Boehmite alumina nanoparticles. Hysteresis loop measurements and dynamic (oscillatory) rheological measurements on two different emulsion systems were carried out in linear and non-linear regime at different storage time. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy images of these emulsion systems were additionally analysed in respect to reveal the emulsions type and their microstructure. Pickering emulsion stabilized by moderately hydrophobic particles exhibited inhomogeneous structure, relative large yield stresses and thixotropic flow behavior, indicating a formation of a three-dimensional network. Emulsion stabilized by rather hydrophobic particles with a contact angle around 90°, was revealed to be an oil-in-water-in-oil multiple emulsion. The emulsion was homogenous and showed thixotropy, indicating the presence of a three-dimensional network. However, a phase separation slightly occurred in the storage time evaluated meaning that the stability of this emulsion need be improved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bacterial flagella assume different helical shapes during the tumbling phase of a bacterium but also in response to varying environmental conditions. Force-extension measurements by Darnton and Berg explicitly demonstrate a transformation from the coiled to the normal helical state (N.C. Darnton, H.C. Berg, Biophys. J. 92, 2230 (2007)). We here develop an elastic model for the flagellum based on Kirchhoff's theory of an elastic rod that describes such a polymorphic transformation and use resistive force theory to couple the flagellum to the aqueous environment. We present Brownian-dynamics simulations that quantitatively reproduce the force-extension curves and study how the ratio $ \Gamma$ of torsional to bending rigidity and the extensional rate influence the response of the flagellum. An upper bound for $ \Gamma$ is given. Using clamped flagella, we show in an adiabatic approximation that the mean extension, where a local coiled-to-normal transition occurs first, depends on the logarithm of the extensional rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine provider and type variation in social support (SS) for activity. Methods: Three hundred sixty-three fifth to eighth-grade students completed a questionnaire assessing self-reported activity and social support (SS) from 3 providers: mom, dad, and peers. Important covariates of activity were included in the analysis: age, BMI, sex, and maturation. Results: Structural equation modeling indicated peers, transportation, and praise affected activity levels. Boys reported greater SS than girls did. Maturation, age, and BMI exhibited unique affects on SS. Conclusions: Increasing positive feedback, transportation to places to be active, and peer support may prove advantageous in improving activity levels in this age-group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bragg diffraction peak profiles and intensities in asymmetric (Ω-2θ) diffraction using a mirror-based parallel-beam geometry were compared with symmetric parallel-beam (θ-2θ) and conventional Bragg-Brentano (θ-2θ) diffraction for a powdered quartz sample and the NIST standard reference material (SRM) 660a (LAB6, lanthanum hexaboride). A comparison of the intensities and line widths (full width at half-maximum, FWHM) of these techniques demonstrated that low incident angles (Ω < 5°) are preferable for the parallel-beam setup. For higher Ω values, if 2θ < 2Ω, mass absorption reduces the intensities significantly compared with the Bragg-Brentano setup. The diffraction peak shapes for the mirror geometry are more asymmetric and have larger FWHM values than corresponding peaks recorded with a Bragg-Brentano geometry. An asymmetric mirror-based parallel-beam geometry offers some advantages in respect of intensity when compared with symmetric geometries, and hence may be well suited to quantitative studies, such as those involving Rietveld analysis. A trial Rietveld refinement of a 50% quartz-50% corundum mixture was performed and produced adequate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparison has been made between the spectroscopic properties of the laser dye rhodamine 6G (R6G) in mesostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) and in ethanol. Steady-state excitation and emission techniques have been used to probe the dye–matrix interactions. We show that the TiO2-nanocomposite studied is a good host for R6G, as it allows high dye concentrations, while keeping dye molecules isolated, and preventing aggregation. Our findings have important implications in the context of solid state dye–lasers and microphotonic device applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Named for Philippe Gaucher, the French physician who in 1882 first described the hepatosplenomegaly characteristics of the genetic disorder, Gaucher disease is incurable. Yet enzyme replacement therapy and other treatments have resulted in symptom relief for many of those afflicted with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Considerable lives and money could be saved if one could detect early stages of lapsing/relapsing behavior in addicted persons (e.g., in safety-sensitive workplaces) and could disclose harmful drinking in social drinkers. Due to the serious public health problem of alcohol use and abuse worldwide, markers of alcohol use have been sought. Both ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth) appear to have high sensitivity and specificity and a time frame of detection that may elucidate alcohol use not detected by standard testing. Our aim was to assess their potential for detecting recent covert alcohol use under controlled conditions. METHODS: Thirty-five forensic psychiatric inpatients in a closed ward who had committed a substance-related offense ( section sign 64 StGB), were followed for 12 months. The complete time spectrum of possible alcohol consumption was covered by the complementary use of breath and urinary ethanol (hours), urinary EtG (days), %carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)/PEth (weeks), and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)/mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (weeks-months). RESULTS: Fourteen of the 146 urine samples examined were positive for EtG. In all EtG-positive cases, patients reported alcohol consumption of between 40 and 200 g of ethanol 12-60 hr prior to testing. Urinary and breath ethanol were positive in only one case. In the blood samples, PEth was not positive in any case and %CDT did not exceed the reference value. Isoelectric focusing showed no abnormal Tf subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness, specificity, and sensitivity of EtG as a marker of recent alcohol use. Such a test is needed in numerous settings, including alcohol and drug treatment (to detect lapse/relapse), in safety-sensitive work settings where use is dangerous or in other settings where use may be inappropriate (e.g., such as driving, workplace, pregnancy, or monitoring physicians or other professionals who are in recovery and working), or for testing other groups (such as children or those with medical problems) where alcohol use would be unhealthy or unsafe. The health, social and socioeconomic benefits arising from the future use of these markers is hard to overestimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the effect of microtubule-associated tau protein on trafficking of vesicles and organelles in primary cortical neurons, retinal ganglion cells and neuroblastoma cells. Significance of the effect in alzheimer's disease; Inhibition of amyloid precursor protein transportation into axons and dendrites.

In response to physical and chemical stimuli, the endothelium regulates vascular tone through the release of vasodilators, such as nitric oxide, and vasoconstrictors, such as endothelin. Increased blood flow is an important stimulus for endothelium-mediated vasodilation (flow-mediated vasodilation). Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation can be assessed using high-frequency ultrasound assessment of changes in brachial artery diameter after a 5-minute blood pressure cuff arterial occlusion. Endothelial dysfunction is demonstrated as reduced vasodilation, which is usually associated with the presence of coronary risk factors. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation correlates with coronary artery flow-mediated vasodilation. Both indexes have been shown to predict long-term cardiovascular events. Whereas the clinical applicability of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation is unclear, it has become a frequently employed measure of endothelial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low back pain (LBP) is the single largest musculoskeletal injury in the working population, and the second most common reason for visits to primary care physicians. Despite its frequency, the pathologic diagnosis is uncertain in 85% of cases. Outcomes, particularly in work related LBP vary widely as does treatment. Numerous guidelines have been recently promulgated to speed treatment, improve outcomes and minimize cost.This study follows 709 workers with low back pain.Methods: Seven hundred and nine. serial low back pain patients were followed through two years. Their charts were audited for diagnostics, therapeutics, referrals and outcomes. The differing facets of clinical treatment paradigms are compared with outcomes.Results: Out of five categories, almost half of back injuries resulted from heavy lifting alone. Out of 709 patients, 1.4% eventually required surgery. Only 10 patients were clinically disabled at the end of the study period although a total of 30 did not return to work for a variety of reasons. Almost 39% of patients received back X-rays, and 10% received MRIs of the lower back. Ninety-three percent received NSAIDs as part of their treatment, and 34% narcotics. Neither NSAIDs nor muscle relaxants correlated with probability of return to work. The median treatment interval was seven days, with the majority of patients (551/709) returned to regular work within two weeks of the first office visit. Prolonged duration of treatment and surgery correlated with litigation.Conclusions: Despite popular clinical mythology, the vast majority of occupationally acquired low back pain patients do return to work in a timely fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cells and pluripotent embryonic stem cells established from undifferentiated cells of an early mouse embryo were investigated for induction of proliferation inhibition, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and single-strand breaks by treatment with various germ cell mutagens. The comparison of malignant cells with nonmalignant cells showed an increased sensitivity of nonmalignant cells independent of their state of differentiation. Mitomycin C (MMC) inhibited the proliferation of nonmalignant cells at a concentration of 10-6 m but did not affect growth of the teratocarcinoma cell line P19. There were no differences between the investigated cell lines at a lower MMC concentration. At the concentration of 10-6 m MMC the sister chromatid exchanges of P19 were enhanced up to 41 SCE per metaphase. Testing of another germ cell mutagen, ethylnitrosourea (ENU), gave similar results: a decreasing generation time of nonmalignant cell lines after treatment with 1 mm ENU and no effect on the teratocarcinoma cells. This concentration also induced a high number of SCE. Single-strand breaks could be produced by exposure to methanmethylsulphonate (MMS). 56.3% of embryonic stem cell DNA was passing through the filter after MMS treatment. In contrast to the embryonic stem cells, only 35.6% of teratocarcinoma DNA was affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Survivorship from gynecologic cancers is becoming increasingly prevalent. There are significant sexual side effects that influence quality of life that would be reduced with proper intervention; however, existing literature highlights the lack of understanding of the sexual health needs within this population. Furthermore, multiple studies show that one contributing factor to sexual well-being in survivorship is provider-patient communication. The aim of this study is to explore experiences of sexual distress and survivor experiences of sexual health communication. Methods: Adult participants who had been out of active treatment for 3 months were recruited to participate in focus groups. Six focus groups (n = 32) were conducted with survivors of gynecologic cancers via Zoom. Research team members analyzed content using thematic analysis. Results: Two broad themes were identified: Experiences of provider communication and Preferences for provider communication, with subthemes nested under both. Subthemes from the Experiences theme included absent/lacking communication, negative experiences, emotional reaction to lack of communication, and feeling like sexuality was not valued. Subthemes from the Preferences theme included more conversation and open communication about sexuality, more resources/referrals, and more provider training on sexuality. Conclusion: Survivor experiences of subjective sexual health are often dependent on the type and quality of information they receive from their healthcare team during treatment. Unfortunately, the majority of participants endorsed negative or absent communication related to their sexual health needs, leading to additional distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low level chemiluminescence (CL) can be observed from autoclaved liquid culture media, as used in microbiology. The light emission is oxygen-dependent and arises from reactions following auto-oxidation of reducing Maillard products which are formed during autoclaving. The inhibition of this CL by radical scavengers and antioxidants has been studied. As superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide are predominantly involved in the initiation of the CL, the investigation of CL from culture media offers a convenient tool for the detection of exogenous (medium-mediated) oxidative stress being imposed onto micro-organisms in culture. Transition metal ions showed, dependent on concentration, both inhibitory and stimulating effects on the CL, which was also affected by the presence of complexing agents. Iron porphyrins and related complexes displayed a very efficient quenching of the CL, which may be of particular importance, as aerobic micro-organisms have been previously shown to be very efficient in quenching the CL from culture media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathophysiology of the association between cholesterol and atherosclerosis has been thought to involve the deposition, modification, and cellular uptake of cholesterol. We now believe that the process begins with vascular injury and involves inflammation and vessel remodeling. The vascular endothelium actively regulates vascular tone, lipid breakdown, thrombogenesis, inflammation, and vessel growth, all of which are important factors in the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction promotes atherosclerosis through vasoconstriction, monocyte and platelet adhesion, thrombogenesis, and cytokine and growth factor stimulation and release. An important component of endothelial dysfunction is reduced availability of nitric oxide, which is caused by low-density lipoproteins, especially if they are oxidized. This reduced availability appears to occur through a combination of decreased production, abnormal signaling, and increased destruction by oxygen-free radicals. Concurrently, endothelium-mediated vasoconstrictors, adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors, and thrombogenic factors, such as endothelin, are increased by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Several studies have shown improvements in endothelial function with cholesterol lowering, which may explain the early and substantial reductions in major cardiovascular events associated with cholesterol lowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of four putative ethanol antagonists [thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), naloxone, d-amphetamine, and fenmetozole] on two distinct behavioral actions of ethanol were compared. TRH (20-40 mg/kg) reduced ethanol-induced impairment of the aerial righting reflex (ARR) but enhanced the ethanol-induced increase in punished drinking (anticonflict effect). Naloxone antagonized both actions of ethanol but only at high doses (20-60 mg/kg). Amphetamine (1-4 mg/kg) abolished the ethanol effect on punished drinking but did not alter its impairment of the ARR (1 -8 mg/kg). Conversely, fenmetozole antagonized the ethanol impairment of the ARR (15-30 mg/kg) but not ethanol's anticonflict action. The inconsistent pattern of 'antagonist' interactions of these drugs with the behavioral actions of ethanol suggests that ethanol alters several neurochemical systems to produce its behavioral effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the development of polypropylene (PP) filaments containing paraffin microcapsules (MC), aimed at being incorporated in hybrid yarns to produce multifunctional thermoplastic laminates for thermal energy storage (TES). Benchmark experiments carried out on a small-scale melt compounder and piston-type melt spinning device resulted in the successful production of single filaments containing up to 30 wt% of MC, with diameters of 70-140 μm depending on the collection speed and a surface roughness that increases with the MC content. An increase in the MC fraction also determines a rise in the complex viscosity, but this effect is less evident at higher shear rates and likely almost negligible at the deformation rates typical of the spinning process. Although the MC have a considerable thermal stability, the compounded mixtures reported a sensible mass loss in isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests, which is linked to a not negligible MC damage during the compounding. Nevertheless, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on the spun filaments evidenced an increase in the phase change enthalpy with the MC content up to approx. 48 J/g, which is remarkably higher than that of similar systems reported in the literature. The elastic modulus and the properties at break decrease with an increase in the MC content, but the fiber strength is acceptable to produce a hybrid yarn and a thermoplastic laminate up to a MC fraction of 20 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While the incidence of sexual dysfunction after treatment for gynecologic malignancies is well documented, few studies describe how patients want healthcare providers to address these concerns. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in sexual function and describe patient preferences regarding healthcare provider roles in addressing and treating sexual dysfunction in gynecologic cancer survivors.Methods: Patients undergoing gynecologic cancer treatment from 2013 to 2014 at a single University-based Gynecologic Cancer clinic were surveyed using a modified Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire (CSFQ), along with questions relating to healthcare provider interactions and preferences.Results: Among 277 eligible patients approached to participate, 85 (30.7%) completed the survey. The mean age was 52.2 ± 12.3 years; most were non-Hispanic White (78.8%), partnered (73.2%), had endometrial or ovarian cancer (30.6% and 44.7%, respectively), and were in surveillance (57.3%). Most women (64.7%) reported much or great sexual enjoyment 1 year prior to cancer treatment which decreased to 27.4% currently; 33.3% report only rare sexual activity. There were no statistically significant differences in mean total CSFQ scores by treatment modality. A minority wanted healthcare providers to initiate sexual health discussions (25.3%); the remaining reported not wanting sexual health addressed or preferred raising the issue themselves. The most commonly cited barrier to communication was the feeling that there are more important issues to discuss with their oncology providers (46.2%).Conclusions: While gynecologic cancer patients report changes in sexual function following cancer therapy, many believe there are other issues more paramount to be addressed. Further studies are warranted to develop better strategies for addressing sexual health in women receiving treatment for gynecologic cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental sensitivity limit of atomic force microscopy is strongly correlated to the thermal noise of cantilever oscillation. A method to suppress this unwanted noise is to reduce the bandwidth of the measurement, but this approach is limited by the speed of the measurement and the width of the cantilever resonance, commonly defined through the quality factor Q. However, it has been shown that optomechanical resonances in interferometers might affect cantilever oscillations resulting in an effective quality factor Q eff . When the laser power is sufficiently increased cantilever oscillations might even reach the regime of self-oscillation. In this self-oscillation state, the noise of the system is partially determined by the interaction with laser light far from equilibrium. Here, we show and discuss how tuning of laser power leads to nonlinear optomechanical effects that can dramatically increase the effective quality factor of the cantilever leading to out-of-equilibrium noise. We model the effects using a fourth order nonlinearity of the damping coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus xylosus strains are used as starter organisms for sausage fermentation. As those strains have to cope with low pH‐values during fermentation, the aim of this study was to identify the acid adaptation mechanisms of S. xylosus TMW 2.1523 previously isolated from salami. Methods and Results: A comparative proteomic study between two different acid tolerant mutants was performed. Therefore, both S. xylosus mutants were grown pH‐static under acid stress (pH 5·1) and reference conditions (pH 7·0). Proteomic data were supported by metabolite and cell membrane lipid analysis. Staphylococcus xylosus acid stress adaptation is mainly characterized by a metabolic change towards neutral metabolites, enhanced urease activity, reduced ATP consumption, an increase in membrane fluidity and changes in the membrane thickness. Conclusion: This study corroborates mechanisms as previously described for other Gram‐positive bacteria. Additionally, the adjustment of membrane structure and composition in S. xylosus TMW 2.1523 play a prominent role in its acid adaptation. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates for the first time changes in the membrane lipid composition due to acid stress adaptation in staphylococci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) produce extracellular polysaccharides such as cellulose, acetan or levan. Levans (β-2,6-linked β-(D)-fructose-polymers) are built up by secreted levansucrases (LS) and exhibit great potential as prebiotics, hydrocolloids or for the development of biodegradable materials. Nevertheless, little is actually known about the diversity of LS among different genera of AAB, while current knowledge about AAB LS is actually restricted to the N2-fixing AAB species Gluconacetobacter (Ga.) diazotrophicus. The aim of our study was, therefore, to investigate the diversity of LS among AAB on genetic level for identification of further promising levan producing strains and LS. In this way, we at first identified LS gene sequences in 3 known levan overproducing Gluconobacter strains as well as in N. chiangmaiensis NBRC 101099 and K. baliensis DSM 14400 via different degenerate and inverse PCR methods. Based on these identified nucleotide sequences and some available LS nucleotide sequences obtained from recently sequenced AAB genomes, two PCR primer (screening) sets were developed, which targeted to the Gluconobacter (cluster 1: C1) like LS type and the Ga. diazotrophicus (cluster 2: C2) like LS type, respectively. In this way, a total of 18 new (partial) LS gene sequences (14 x C1; 4 x C2) were identified during this work. Taken together, based on available nucleotide sequences, C1-LS are actually found in different strains of the genera Gluconobacter (19), Kozakia (2), Komagataeibacter (1) and Acetobacter (1), whereas C2-LS are present in different strains of the genera Gluconacetobacter (2), Asaia (A.) (2), Neoasaia (1) and Kozakia (1). Noticeably, all so far genetically investigated Gluconobacter strains harbor C1- LS genes, which confirms our previous findings about levan production among AAB and implies the adaptation of these strains to sugar/sucrose-rich environments. On the contrary, C2-LS are found in a few AAB strains, some of which are able to fix N2 (Ga. diazotrophicus, Ga. azotocaptans, A. species SF2.1) and whose LS share structural similarity to those of N2-fixing Burkholderia strains. In conclusion, we (i) provide a general view on LS diversity among physiologically/metabolically different AAB, (ii) have identified AAB as the most potent and versatile levan producers among bacteria and (iii) have developed primer sets, which can be used to identify and to phylogenetically differentiate LS producers among AAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a letter discussing the "Determination of the absolute perfusion threshold preventing myocardial ischaemia in humans," by R..Vogel et al.

Established options for revascularisation of coronary artery disease are angioplasty or bypass surgery, both of which are unsuitable in about one in five patients because of the severity of atherosclerosis, comorbidities, or both. Aside from their role in defending the host against invading pathogens, monocytes play an important role in building collateral arteries during arteriogenesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether there is an association between the amount of collateral flow change in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor treatment and blood monocyte concentration.

Background: Eight commercially available percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), including semi-compliant and non-compliant balloons, have been assessed in detail on their tip, balloon, shaft, RX-Port, and hypotube design. Important performance characteristics such as tip deformation, balloon elongation, and deflation rate have been quantified. Methods: Five catheters of each model were evaluated during various tests. The robustness of the tips was evaluated through compression, measuring any occurrence of damage. The longitudinal growth of the balloons was recorded during inflation up to Rated Burst Pressure (RBP). The forces required to move the catheter forward and retract it into the guide catheter were measured in a simulated use test setup. The deflation behavior was studied by measuring extracted contrast media over time. Furthermore, balloon compliance and catheter dimensions were investigated. Results: The outer dimensions of the catheter were found to be smallest at the hypotube (0.59–0.69 mm) and highest at the balloon, respectively, the crossing profile (0.9–1.2 mm). The tip diameter increased after compression by 1.7–22%. Cross-sections of the folded balloons revealed a tri- and two-fold, respectively. The measured balloon elongation ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 mm. After the inflation of the balloon, an increase in friction between the guide wire and the catheter was observed on four catheters. A maximum increase of 0.12 N to 1.07 N was found. Cross-sections of the RX-Port revealed a semicircular-shaped inflation lumen and a circular guide wire lumen. The measured deflation rate ranged from 0.004 to 0.013 µL/s, resulting in an estimated balloon deflation time of 10.2–28.1 s. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the design characteristics of RX PTCA balloon catheters, which can contribute to facilitating the development of improved catheter designs and enhancing clinical outcomes. Distinctions between SC and NC catheters, such as balloon performance and dimensions, are evident. It is important to note that no single catheter excels in all aspects, as each possesses unique strengths. Therefore, it is essential to consider individual intervention requirements when selecting a catheter. The research also identifies specific catheter weaknesses, such as reduced wall thickness, fringes at the tip, and reduced performance characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: This study aimed to investigate intraspecies assertiveness of meat‐borne Lactococcus piscium isolates, inhibitory effects on unwanted and harmful meat spoilers, and the prevalence on beef deliberately inoculated with Lc. piscium. Methods and Results: Co‐inoculation of Lc. piscium isolates and spoilers (Brochothrix thermosphacta, Leuconostoc gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum, Carnobacterium divergens, Pseudomonas weihenstephanensis, Serratia liquefaciens, Hafnia alvei) were conducted in sterile meat simulation medium. Differentiation of Lc. piscium strains was carried out with colony‐based RAPD‐PCR. Selective cultivation was used to differentiate spoilers from Lc. piscium. Intraspecies assertiveness revealed Lc. piscium TMW2.1614 as most assertive strain. Co‐inoculation of selected Lc. piscium strains caused substantial growth reduction of spoilers while the extent was strain‐ and spoiler dependent. Monitoring the microbiota on beef steaks deliberately inoculated with Lc. piscium revealed prevalence over the endogenous microbiota while maintaining a ripened sensory impression without undesired alterations. Conclusions: This study reveals Lc. piscium strains TMW2.1612/2.1614/2.1615 as highly competitive against spoilers in vitro while beef deliberately inoculated with these strains maintained acceptable organoleptics. Significance and Impact of the Study: Selected Lc. piscium strains exhibit high potential for application as bioprotective cultures for competitive exclusion on beef in order to extend minimum shelf life and enhance product safety of meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical and physically-based methods have been used for designing and assessing water infrastructure such as spillways and stormwater drainage systems. Traditional approaches assume that hydrological processes evolve in an environment where the hydrological cycle is stationary over time. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly evident that in many areas of the world the foregoing assumption may no longer apply, due to the effect of anthropogenic and climatic induced stressors that cause nonstationary conditions. This has attracted the attention of national and international agencies, research institutions, academia, and practicing water specialists, which has led to developing new techniques that may be useful in those cases where there is good evidence and attribution of nonstationarity. We review the various techniques proposed in the field and point out some of the challenges ahead in future developments and applications. Our review emphasizes hydrological design to protect against extreme events such as floods and low flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: This study aimed to explore the discriminatory power of MALDI‐TOF MS as a high‐throughput method to monitor growth dynamics of meat‐spoiling bacteria on modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) beef and to differentiate psychrophilic and psychrotrophic spoilage‐associated strains. Methods and Results: MAP beef steaks were incubated for 21 days at constant 4 and 10°C. Development of headspace gas composition, pH, CFU and spoilage‐associated microbial composition were monitored. MALDI‐TOF MS exhibited high discriminatory power for reliable, high‐throughput identification of spoilage‐associated, psychrotrophic microbiota. Microbiota development was highly dependent on initial abundance of specific species. Organoleptic onset of spoilage was concomitant with an alteration of headspace atmosphere and pH. Screening for psychrophiles at 4°C on beef revealed the abundance of Leuconostoc gelidum subsp. gelidum TMW2·1998 with characteristic psychrophilic growth behaviour. Conclusions: We suggest that control of initial contaminants is crucial to predict the onset of spoilage and that headspace atmosphere and pH are important parameters with spoilage‐indicative potential. Significance and Impact of the Study: MALDI‐TOF MS proved suitable for high‐resolution monitoring of psychrotrophic and psychrophilic spoilage‐associated microbiota and enables improved insights in the spoilage progress. The presence of psychrophilic strains on beef is the likely causative for unexplained spoilage events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strains of the psychrotrophic bacterium Lactococcus piscium have gained increasing attention as potentially bioprotective cultures due to their assertiveness against fish and meat spoilage bacteria as well as pathogenic bacteria. Recently, we have described two novel species within the genus Lactococcus (Lc.) namely Lc. carnosus (TMW 2.1612T) and Lc. paracarnosus (TMW 2.1615T) isolated from modified atmosphere packaged meat. Within this study, we compared the genomes of two Lc. carnosus strains, two Lc. paracarnosus strains and 16 Lc. piscium strains from our laboratory and five publicly available genomes previously affiliated to the species Lc. piscium. Our phylogenetic analysis supports reclassification of 20 of the strains to either Lc. carnosus or Lc. paracarnosus , so far limiting the Lc. piscium type strain (DSM 6634T) as sole representative of this species. Comparative genomics approach was conducted to predict underlying mechanisms involved in interspecies competition strategies of Lc. carnosus and Lc. paracarnosus against meat spoilers and predict their lifestyle in meat environments. In general, strains of the three species were highly similar regarding metabolic pathways for most of the relevant meat-derived substrates. In silico analyses enabled prediction of homolactic hexose fermentation by Lc. carnosus , Lc. paracarnosus and Lc. piscium. Further, genes required for the heterofermentative metabolism of hexoses and pentoses were only found in the Lc. pisicum type strain (DSM 6634T). We predict a low spoilage potential for Lc. carnosus and Lc. paracarnosus strains. No genes for decarboxylation of amino acids yielding biogenic amines were found in the genomes. Regarding their antimicrobial mechanisms against spoilers, we found a strain-specific putative polymorphic toxin system predictively delivered by the type VIIb secretion system, enabling cell-to-cell contact-dependent growth inhibition. Furthermore, we found additional genes predictively involved to the suppression of spoilers within the food microbiome (prophages, lytic domains, bacteriocins, metabolites). [Display omitted] • First comparative genomics analysis comprising Lactococcus (Lc.) carnosus, Lc. paracarnosus and Lc. piscium strains. • Reclassification of several strains to Lc. (para)carnosus previously affiliated to Lactococcus (Lc.) piscium. • Pathways for metabolizing main meat-derived substrates were present and similar in the three species analyzed. • Genes predictively involved in inter-species competition within the meat microbiome were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is inherently brittle and possesses poor elastic properties, hollow fibers produced by melt spinning from pure PHB, as described in our earlier study [Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2010, 295/6, 585-594], do not meet the required needs regarding the mechanical performance. Besides hardly available PHB copolymers, also blend systems are known to enhance material properties and have thus been considered to be eligible to fabricate flexible or rather pliable hollow fibers based on PHB. Blends of PHB and poly-!-caprolactone (PCL) are promising for the application in tissue engineering due to the inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability. A wide range of PHB/PCL compositions have been prepared by melt extrusion. Thermal and mechanical properties of the obtained specimens were analyzed in order to identify miscibility and degree of dispersion as well as to determine the influence on the overall mechanical performance. Even though these constituents are known to be immiscible, PHB/PCL 70/30 was proven to be an adequate composition. This blend showed a highly increased elongation and was found to be easily processable by melt spinning compared to pure PHB. From this blend well defined dimensionally stable bendable hollow fibers were fabricated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]