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Aims and Objectives: To present the design and application of new instrument to make plication of diaphragm safer and easier. Materials and Methods: A New instrument has been designed to help pull the folded lax / paralyzed diaphragm while putting the horizontal mattress sutures to plicate the diaphragm in cases of eventeration of diaphragm. It is a Malleable Copper Retractor with a Slit to push and protect the structures on the other side of diaphragm away from the needle. This is especially useful while doing the plication through right thoracotomy. The retractor with the slit will also make the plication easy even if it is done from below on left side.Since it is malleable with a narrow handle it will be easy to snuggly fit it over the dome of diaphragm which is then pulled up or down through the slit. It can be used in a patient of any age. The instrument with details of dimensions and material along with the photographs of its use at operation will be exhibited on the poster. Result: The data of its usefulness and the experience of different surgeons will be included in the presentation. Conclusion: The safety for the patient & the ease for the surgeon can be achieved by a simple and economical instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five possible pathways to the power system of the future take advantage of powerful external forces and can be shaped by the actions of policymakers and regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the advantages of esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula in an infant that has underlying pneumonia.

The article discusses a study that was conducted to analyze the impact of nonclosure of rectourethral (RU) fistula and to do a analysis by comparison of the complications with and without nonclosure of RU fistula at the time of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) in anorectal malformation cases (ARM). It also highlights the risks and complications involved in it. It concludes that RU fistula closure is not necessary during PSARP and nonclosure avoids urological complications.