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Anorexia is a common problem in dogs and occurs with a myriad of diseases. It is more than merely a sign of disease. Prolonged absence of food intake adversely effects all body systems, making it more difficult for dog to resist the effects of disease and recover and respond to therapy. A variety of products and many methods available for their delivery provide sufficient combinations to ensure that nutrient deprivation need not add further insult to injury or disease. Fasting for longer than three days result in enterocyte deterioration and decreased gastrointestinal immunity. Translocation of enteric bacteria may take place across a compromised intestinal mucosal barrier. it is a problem which must be recognized and dealt with clinically. This paper describes the selection of patient that needs nutritional support and various methods by which of nutritional support can be provided to an anorectic dog to avoid further complications of the underlying cause of the problem and to speed-up recovery from disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of six clinical cases of gangrenous mastitis in goats were studied. Acute and per-acute mastitic quarters were associated with either E.coli alone or mixed infection of Staph. aureus and E. coli. The organisms were sensitive to amoxicillin, cloxacilin, gentamicin and cholor-tetracycline but resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. The acute mastitic quarters were treated by intramammary infusion of inj. Gentamicin mixed with inj. dexamethasone and 1.5 ml water for injection per affected quarter twice daily for 4 days; in addition to these, supportive therapy including parentral administration of inj. DNS (5%) and Inj. Melonex plusa for per-acute cases were also provided. Besides, one acute case was also treated with amoxicillin and cloxacilin (parentral and intramammarily). Per-acute gangrenous mastitic quarter which was refractory to the treatment required partial removal of it surgically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several case studies related to cattle diseases. Six Jersey crossbred cows were brought to the veterinary clinic due to swelling of udder and teats with history of calving in the last 2-3 days. A 4 year pre-parturient Holstein cow was brought to the veterinary clinic due to severe swelling of the udder. The article discusses udder oedema in cattle which is caused by lymphatic fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces faster than it is removed.

Treatment of poor prognosis metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) includes taxane chemotherapy and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI). We sought to determine optimal treatment in this setting. This multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase II trial recruited patients with ARPI-naive mCRPC and poor prognosis features (presence of liver metastases, progression to mCRPC after <12 months of androgen deprivation therapy, or ≥4 of 6 clinical criteria). Patients were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to receive cabazitaxel plus prednisone (group A) or physician's choice of enzalutamide or abiraterone plus prednisone (group B) at standard doses. Patients could cross over at progression. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate for first-line treatment (defined as prostate-specific antigen response ≥50%, radiographic response, or stable disease ≥12 weeks). Ninety-five patients were accrued (median follow-up 21.9 months). First-line clinical benefit rate was greater in group A versus group B (80% versus 62%, P = 0.039). Overall survival was not different between groups A and B (median 37.0 versus 15.5 months, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.58, P = 0.073) nor was time to progression (median 5.3 versus 2.8 months, HR = 0.87, P = 0.52). The most common first-line treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events were neutropenia (cabazitaxel 32% versus ARPI 0%), diarrhoea (9% versus 0%), infection (9% versus 0%), and fatigue (7% versus 5%). Baseline circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) fraction above the cohort median and on-treatment ctDNA increase were associated with shorter time to progression (HR = 2.38, P < 0.001; HR = 4.03, P < 0.001). Patients with >30% ctDNA fraction at baseline had markedly shorter overall survival than those with undetectable ctDNA (HR = 38.22, P < 0.001). Cabazitaxel was associated with a higher clinical benefit rate in patients with ARPI-naive poor prognosis mCRPC. ctDNA abundance was prognostic independent of clinical features, and holds promise as a stratification biomarker. • Both cabazitaxel and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) elicit a high response rate in patients with poor prognosis ARPI-naive mCRPC. • Clinical benefit rate on first-line treatment is greater for cabazitaxel than for ARPI. • The cabazitaxel-first arm showed a non-significant trend for longer overall survival (37.0 versus 15.5 months, P = 0.073). • Baseline ctDNA fraction and on-treatment change were strongly linked with shorter time to progression and overall survival. • DNA repair defects found in ctDNA were enriched in this poor prognosis population relative to unselected mCRPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]