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Simple Summary: This study explores the role of circTPST2, a circular RNA, in the chemotherapy sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Elevated levels of circTPST2 were observed in HNSCC tissues, and functional experiments revealed its inhibitory effect on cisplatin sensitivity in HNSCC cells. By interacting with miR-770-5p and the Nucleolin pathway, circTPST2 emerged as a crucial regulator influencing chemotherapy responsiveness. The findings suggest that circTPST2 may serve as a potential marker for chemotherapy regimen selection in HNSCC patients, providing insights to enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. Chemoresistance poses a significant challenge in the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). The role and mechanism of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in HNSCC chemoresistance remain understudied. We conducted circRNA microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in HNSCC. The expression of circRNAs from the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 (TPST2) gene and miRNAs was evaluated through qPCR, while the circular structure of circTPST2 was verified using Sanger sequencing and RNase R. Through Western blotting, biotin-labeled RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and rescue experiments, we discovered miR-770-5p and nucleolin as downstream targets of circTPST2. Functional tests, including CCK8 assays and flow cytometry, assessed the chemoresistance ability of circTPST2, miR-770-5p, and Nucleolin. Additionally, FISH assays determined the subcellular localization of circTPST2, miR-770-5p, and Nucleolin. IHC staining was employed to detect circTPST2 and Nucleolin expression in HNSCC patients. circTPST2 expression was inversely correlated with cisplatin sensitivity in HNSCC cell lines. Remarkably, high circTPST2 expression correlated with lower overall survival rates in chemotherapeutic HNSCC patients. Mechanistically, circTPST2 reduced chemosensitivity through sponge-like adsorption of miR-770-5p and upregulation of the downstream protein Nucleolin in HNSCC cells. The TCGA database revealed improved prognosis for patients with low circTPST2 expression after chemotherapy. Moreover, analysis of HNSCC cohorts demonstrated better prognosis for patients with low Nucleolin protein expression after chemotherapy. We unveil circTPST2 as a circRNA associated with chemoresistance in HNSCC, suggesting its potential as a marker for selecting chemotherapy regimens in HNSCC patients. Further exploration of the downstream targets of circTPST2 advanced our understanding and improved treatment strategies for HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the induction motor (IM) current loop, the supertwisting sliding-mode control (ST-SMC) has been considered as an effective approach to achieve chattering suppression and steady-state errorless control. However, due to the system disturbance, the conventional ST-SMC suffers from control delay in the convergence trajectory, resulting in decreased antidisturbance capability. To address this problem, this article proposed a ST-SMC with convergence trajectory optimization. First, a nonlinear sliding-mode manifold is designed to achieve the ideal ST-SMC convergence trajectory. Then, a disturbance compensation term is added into the control law to eliminate the system control delay. Compared with the conventional ST-SMC, the studied method can effectively enhance the antidisturbance capability of IM current loop, leading to improved transient performance. Finally, the superiority of the investigated method is verified by the experimental results from a 3.7 kW IM test bench. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The immune system is involved in detecting and eliminating neoplastic cells during oral carcinogenesis, but tumor cells can subvert T-cell function and create an immunosuppressive environment to facilitate their growth and dissemination. • ICs are pivotal for the control of the immune response, and highly expressed ICs, especially PD-1/PD-L1, have been widely studied in OSCC and OPMDs. • ICs such as the PD-1/PD-L1 axis act as a critical accelerator of immune escape in OPMDs, leading to the progression of cancer from equilibrium to the escape phase. • The efficacy of using ICIs for treating OPMDs is quite promising, with encouraging results observed in clinical trials. Additionally, enhancing its effectiveness even further by using synergistic approaches indicates that ICIs-based therapy has broad research prospects. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are linked with an escalated risk of developing cancers, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Since prevailing therapies cannot effectively forestall the exacerbation and recurrence of OPMDs, halting their malignant progression is paramount. The immune checkpoint serves as a cardinal regulator of the immune response and the primary cause of adaptive immunological resistance. Although the exact mechanism remains elusive, elevated expression of multiple immune checkpoints in OPMDs and OSCC relative to healthy oral mucosa has been ascertained. This review delves into the immunosuppressive microenvironment of OPMDs, the expression of diverse immune checkpoints such as programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1) in OPMDs, and the potential application of corresponding inhibitors. In addition, synergistic strategies incorporating combined immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as cGAS-STING, costimulatory molecules, cancer vaccines, and hydrogels, are discussed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oral carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For nearly a century, the excessive discharge of organic contaminants has gradually polluted water and endangered people's health, and photocatalysis has been prominently employed to remove persistent recalcitrant organic. Here, MIL‐101(Cr) was firstly employed to introduce thin‐layered Bi2O2CO3 for the formation of Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) nanosheet composite, by a simple and low‐temperature in‐situ growth approach. The phase, morphology, optical, and surface characteristics of the fabricated composite were characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM‐EDS, N2 adsorption–desorption, UV–Vis DRS, PL, TG, and XPS techniques, and the ability in the photocatalytic breakdown of rhodamine B (RhB) molecule under visible light was also studied. The results of characterization analysis and optical analysis exhibited that Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) has large pore size, good visible light response‐ability, and the heterojunction created by intercalating Bi2O2CO3 on MIL‐101(Cr). Photocatalytic studies revealed that Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) had superior RhB degradation activity than pure MIL‐101(Cr) and Bi2O2CO3, which achieved 97.1% with visible light irradiation for 20 mg/l RhB. Meanwhile, the Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) composite displayed good recyclability after three cycles as revealed by XRD and FTIR analysis proving their excellent stability. This study provides feasible insight into developing novel and efficient MIL‐101‐based heterojunction catalysts for environmental remediation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the quantum Chicken game under fluctuating massless scalar field subjected to a reflecting boundary. The noisy scheme of quantum Chicken game affected by fluctuating scalar field is constructed. Then we analyze the influences of vacuum fluctuation, two-atom separation and boundary on the game payoff and Nash equilibrium. It is shown that for different strategy profiles, vacuum fluctuation, two-atom distance and atom-boundary distance have different influences on game payoffs. Vacuum fluctuation and two-atom distance may produce positive or negative effects on game payoffs dependent on the specific strategies. It is found that boundary can effectively promote the game payoffs corresponding to those strategy profiles with which payoffs are degraded by vacuum fluctuation. Furthermore, Nash equilibrium of the game is broken under the influence of fluctuating quantum field, but the game symmetry does not change. For long-time evolution, (D̂,Ĉ) and (Ĉ,D̂) turn into new Nash equilibria. The results would be helpful for understanding and conducting quantum Chicken game in an open quantum system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-dimensional quantum system plays an important role in quantum information tasks. However, the interaction between quantum system and environment would give rise to decoherence. In this paper, we examine the quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relation under amplitude damping (AD) decoherence. It is found that entropic uncertainty first inflates and then reduces to a nonzero value with the growing decoherence strength. In addition, it is revealed that the mixedness is not closely associated with entropic uncertainty which is different from the previous result. Furthermore, we construct a remarkably effective filtering operator to steer and reduce the entropic uncertainty. Our exploration might offer fresh insights into the dynamics and manipulation of the entropic uncertainty in high-dimensional quantum system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides represent a major global natural disaster, often leading to severe consequences, including substantial loss of life and property. However, research on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of fatal landslide events across different climate regions and their association with precipitation remains limited. In this study, we compiled a database of non-seismic fatal landslides in China from 2010 to 2022 to examine their spatiotemporal distribution and relationship with precipitation. From 2010 to 2022, China experienced a total of 710 fatal landslide events, causing 5158 fatalities. The data revealed a declining trend in both the number of fatal landslides and associated fatalities, with the number of fatal landslides demonstrating a recurring cycle of 3–4 years marked by continuous decreases within each cycle. The initial year of a new cycle witnessed a significant increase in the number of fatal landslides, suggesting a periodic occurrence, which is related to El Niño. The central subtropical humid region recorded the highest number of fatal landslide events, attributed to its highest annual precipitation. The trend in fatal landslides closely corresponded with variations in precipitation, increasing in spring and summer and decreasing in autumn and winter. The cumulative frequency distributions of fatal landslides and fatalities followed a power-law distribution, with a sharp decline observed when exceeding a certain value, indicating a deflection effect. Despite the low population density, the plateau climate region has the highest risk of life loss among all climate regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of non-seismic fatal landslides can significantly aid in formulating more effective disaster prevention and mitigation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the decohering power behaviors for an atom immersed in a thermal bath of fluctuating electromagnetic field in the presence of a perfectly reflecting plane boundary. Firstly, we analytically solve the master equation that governs the system evolution. Then, we discuss the behaviors of decohering power for an atom affected by thermal fluctuating electromagnetic field. It is found that the behaviors of decohering power are dependent on the field temperature, atomic position and polarization. Decohering power fluctuates to relatively stable values with the increasing atom's distance from the boundary, which suggests a possible way of detecting the vacuum fluctuating and boundary effect. Additional conditions on the electromagnetic field give one more freedom to manipulate the variations of decohering power. Decohering power variations can efficiently reflect the behaviors of quantum coherence affected by electromagnetic vacuum fluctuation, and it is shown that quantum coherence can be effectively enhanced with the presence of a reflecting boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]