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The plans of world cities outside the USSR that were produced by the Soviet military during the Cold War each include a List of Important Objects. These are items of significant strategic economic, administrative or military importance. This paper examines these object lists from Soviet military plans of British cities and discusses their contents. It concludes that there is considerable variation in their comprehensiveness and some inconsistency in the criteria used to select objects for inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gunflint production variability and its association with specific manufacturing locations have been used as mechanisms for understanding distribution networks between European powers, Indigenous peoples, and settlers in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Americas. Gunflint production mechanisms and scale varies between production locations, but recent studies illustrate that the spatial and temporal variability in production activities is more diverse than previously thought. Here we examine three gunflint assemblages from eighteenth-and nineteenth-century sites in Louisiana to address gunflint production variability's relationship with temporal differences and changing economic networks. Broadly, this study finds greater variability in exchange of gunflints than previously thought and suggests that interactions between European colonial powers and their colonies were more complex and nuanced than previously suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological analyses of European lithic technologies in North America are often discussed anecdotally within the context of other material evidence of European occupations. In North America, the presence of gunflints manufactured in Europe, generally England (which became part of Great Britain in 1707) or France, is used as a marker for the influence of these European powers and as a reflection of from whom residents obtained their material culture. Gunflints were made in Europe and in North America (north of the Rio Grande) from the early 1600s to the late 1800s. Thus, gunflints from sites such as the Natchez Fort, Louisiana (AD 1729–1731) provide a unique avenue of analysis for understanding both continuity in lithic technologies and the interactions between indigenous and introduced technologies. We address methodological concerns in typifying historic lithic collections, specifically eighteenth-century gunflints, particularly as these concern sourcing and the implications of sourcing for eighteenth-century colonial interactions in the southeastern United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have recorded stimulated emission pumping (SEP) spectra of highly vibrationally excited methinophosphide (HCP) at 16 000 cm-1–19 000 cm-1 above the zero-point energy of the linear X 1Σ+ ground electronic state. These vibrational levels have most of their energy localized in the bending coordinate. The turning point in the bending vibration brings the H atom approximately halfway (/_ HCP∼90°) from HCP to another chemical network, HPC. The SEP spectra of large-amplitude-bending states, (0,26,0), (0,28,0), and (0,30,0), and of bending–C≡P stretching combination states, (0,24,1) and (0,26,1), have enabled us to determine rotation–vibration spectroscopic constants for highly vibrationally excited X 1Σ+ HCP. The rotational structure of HCP shows that B values change by<3% despite large amplitude motion corresponding to vibrations of over±90 degrees away from linearity. The g22 (eff ) constant, which reflects the energy difference between purely planar (l=0) versus slightly elliptical (l=2) bending, increases only 12% from (0,2,0) to (0,30,0), thus illustrating the surprisingly harmonic appearance of the vibrational motion even at this high energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent in-vitro studies have suggested that a critical checkpoint early in the inflammatory process involves the interaction between neutrophils and platelets. This confirms the importance of the innate immune system in the elaboration of the systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a combination of the neutrophil and platelet counts were predictive of survival in patients with cancer. Methods: Patients with histologically proven colorectal cancer who underwent potentially curative resection at a single centre between March 1999 and May 2013 (n = 796) and patients with cancer from the Glasgow Inflammation Outcome Study, who had a blood sample taken between January 2000 and December 2007 (n = 9649) were included in the analysis. Results: In the colorectal cancer cohort, there were 173 cancer and 135 non-cancer deaths. In patients undergoing elective surgery, cancer-specific survival (CSS) at 5 years ranged from 97% in patients with TNM I disease and NPS = 0 to 57% in patients with TNM III disease and NPS = 2 (p = 0.019) and in patients undergoing elective surgery for node-negative colon cancer from 98% (TNM I, NPS = 0) to 65% (TNM II, NPS = 2) (p = 0.004). In those with a variety of common cancers there were 5218 cancer and 929 non-cancer deaths. On multivariate analysis, adjusting for age and sex and stratified by tumour site, incremental increase in the NPS was significantly associated with poorer CSS (p<0.001). Conclusion: The neutrophil-platelet score predicted survival in a variety of common cancers and highlights the importance of the innate immune system in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The systemic inflammatory response (SIR) plays a key role in determining nutritional status and survival of patients with cancer. A number of objective scoring systems have been shown to have prognostic value; however, their application in routine clinical practice is not clear. The aim of the present survey was to examine the range of opinions internationally on the routine use of these scoring systems. Methods. An online survey was distributed to a target group consisting of individuals worldwide who have reported an interest in systemic inflammation in patients with cancer. Results. Of those invited by the survey (n=238), 65% routinely measured the SIR, mainly for research and prognostication purposes and clinically for allocation of adjuvant therapy or palliative chemotherapy. 40% reported that they currently used the Glasgow Prognostic Score/modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS/mGPS) and 81% reported that a measure of systemic inflammation should be incorporated into clinical guidelines, such as the definition of cachexia. Conclusions. The majority of respondents routinely measured the SIR in patients with cancer, mainly using the GPS/mGPS for research and prognostication purposes. The majority reported that a measure of the SIR should be adopted into clinical guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responses of fosterers to parasitism by the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus), recorded experimentally by Antoine Joseph Lottinger in eastern France between 1772 and 1775, were published in a book in 1775. Typographical errors in the text indicate that all extant copies of the book constitute a single impression from standing type, yet three separate title-pages were printed and circulated. Successive title-pages provided slightly different information, providing clues about the book's circulation. Initially driven by curiosity, Lottinger's work was fuelled by a desire to dispel a culture of misconceptions held by many naturalists about the cuckoo's effects on its fosterers. He was among the first naturalists to conduct egg-exchange experiments in the field specifically to record what fosterers would accept or reject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systemic inflammatory scoring systems such as the NLR have been reported to have prognostic value in many solid organ cancers. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the components of the white cell count (WCC) and survival in patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods: Patients undergoing elective resection at a single center (1997 to 2008) were identified from a prospective database (n = 508). Patient demographics and preoperative laboratory measurements including the differential WCC and their association with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival were examined. Results: There were 172 cancer deaths and 120 noncancer deaths. On Kaplan-Meier analysis of the whole cohort, age, Tumor, Nodal, and Metastasis stage, venous invasion, margin involvement, peritoneal involvement and tumor perforation, and white cell and neutrophil count (all P < .05) were associated with CSS. In those with node-negative colon cancer (n = 226), on multivariate analysis, age, venous invasion, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, and neutrophil count (all P < .05) were independently associated with CSS. Conclusion: Of the components of a differential WCC, only the neutrophil count was independently associated with survival, particularly in node-negative colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides on teaching English poet Thomas Hoccleve's verse as part of a medieval literature survey course. According to the author, Hoccleve's verse provides an opportunity for students to see a poem through the eyes of its medieval readers while using their canonical knowledge to evaluate it. It explores the pedagogical and disciplinary benefits of paying attention to noncanonical texts.

Background: Fibrin sealants are frequently used in liver surgery to achieve intraoperative haemostasis and reduce post-operative haemorrhage and bile leak. This meta-analysis aimed to review the haemostatic and biliostatic capacity of fibrin sealants in elective liver surgery. Methods: An electronic search was performed on the MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases using both subject headings and truncated word searches to identify all published articles that are related to this topic. Pooled risk ratios were calculated for categorical outcomes, and mean differences for secondary continuous outcomes, using the fixed-effects and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Results: Ten randomised controlled trials encompassing 1,225 patients were analysed to achieve a summated outcome. Pooled data analysis showed the use of fibrin sealants resulted in reduced time to haemostasis (mean difference −3.45 min [−3.78, −3.13] ( P < 0.00001)) and increased numbers of patients with complete haemostasis (risk ratio 1.56, 95 % confidence interval 1.04-2.34, p = 0.03) when compared to controls. The use of fibrin sealants did not influence perioperative blood transfusion requirements, bile leak rates, post-operative haemorrhage, intra-abdominal collections and overall morbidity and mortality compared with controls. Conclusions: There is no solid evidence that the routine use of fibrin sealants reduces the incidence of post-operative haemorrhage or bile leak compared with other treatments. The use of fibrin sealants may reduce the time to haemostasis, but this does not translate to improved perioperative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents criticism on postsecularism where the author investigates the sense of religion within the scope of the secular world through a number of discussions conducted by many scholars. According to him, Christian and secular points of view are not natural and both point of views are quite confining. The author also provides several views about the concept fundamentalism from several scholars advocates.

Charles Parker's BBC Radio Ballads of the late 1950s and early 1960s, acknowledged by Derek Paget in NTQ 12 (November 1987) as a formative influence on the emergence of what he called 'Verbatim Theatre', have been given a new lease of life following their recent release by Topic Records; but his theatrical experiments in multi-media documentary, which he envisaged as a model for 'engendering direct creativity in the common people', remain largely unknown. The most ambitious of these — The Maker and the Tool, staged as part of the Centre 42 festivals of 1961-62 — is exemplary of the impulse to recreate a popular culture which preoccupied many of those involved in the Centre 42 venture. David Watt, who teaches Drama at the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, began researching these experiments with work on a case study of Banner Theatre of Actuality, the company Parker co-founded in 1973, for Workers' Playtime: Theatre and the Labour Movement since 1970, co-authored with Alan Filewod. This led to further research in the Charles Parker Archive at Birmingham Central Library, and the author is grateful to the Charles Parker Archive Trust and the staff of the Birmingham City Archives (particularly Fiona Tait) for the opportunity to explore its holdings and draw on them for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival and continued use of historic lime and gypsum plaster flooring is commonplace in certain parts of the United Kingdom, and yet it remains almost unknown elsewhere in the country. The potential for loss and damage to such floors, whether through ignorance or indifference, is great and has prompted a study of this traditional form of construction in order to engender a greater interest and promote more appropriate forms of repair or reinstatement. The second part of this paper considers the sampling and analysis of historic plaster floors, presents the results of simple and sophisticated forms of analysis, together with the results of compressive strength testing of new plaster floor mixes, and considers aspects of repair and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival and continued use of historic lime and gypsum plaster flooring is commonplace in certain parts of the United Kingdom, and yet it remains almost unknown in other parts of the country. The potential for loss and damage to such floors, whether through ignorance or indifference, is great; and this has prompted a study of this traditional form of construction in order to engender greater interest and promote more appropriate forms of repair or reinstatement. The first part of this paper describes the history and use of lime and gypsum plaster flooring, comments briefly on the related use of earth and modified earth floors, and describes the composition of traditional plaster flooring through documentary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the dynamics and patterns of ESL student drop-outs in Canada. Changes in the structure and funding of ESL programming; Integration of ESL students into academic mainstream courses; Assessment on the quality of success of ESL learners.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to raise awareness within built environment and associated disciplines regarding the potential for initiating and triggering events associated with chemical sensitivity as a result of chemical treatments used for the control or eradication of fungal infections and/or insect infestations in buildings. Design: Literature review and interviews with affected individuals. Materials and methods: The information has been obtained by literature search and review of published sources from built environment and associated disciplines; also from personal communications with those affected by chemical treatments and treatment residues in buildings. Results: Chemical treatments used for the control or eradication of fungal infections and/or insect infestations in buildings and the residues of such treatments do not pose a proven hazard to the general population. There is, however, an apparent potential risk from such treatments and from the presence of treatment residues in treated buildings for persons who suffer from chemical sensitivity. Conclusions: Based on a review of published information and personal communications, it is concluded that further investigation and evaluation is required of alternative chemical and non-chemical treatments of fungal infections and/or insect infestations in buildings. In addition, further investigation and evaluation is required of techniques of containment of chemical treatment residues within treated building fabric and decontamination of treated buildings and personal belongings. There is also a need for improved awareness of health issues relating to the maintenance and management of buildings, and improved education of the general public and their professional advisers in relation to the potential hazards and risks associated with chemical treatments and treatment residues. Where risk assessments cannot adequately take account of the potential effects of chemical treatments and treatment residues in buildings, a precautionary approach should be adopted by those responsible for managing or implementing such works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to provide an evaluation of Uganda's current strategy to fight corruption. Like many countries on the African continent, Uganda has deemed it necessary to make attempts to reduce and control corruption within the public sector. As awareness of the deleterious and debilitating effects of corruption has grown, so too have both internal political factors and external pressures from aid donors increased in order to push for fundamental change in this respect. In terms of the donors, many have stipulated specific conditions relating to a good governance agenda based upon adherence to public integrity and minimum standards of public conduct. Sensitivity to pressure also stems in part, from a wish by government to be seen to be actively responding to donor concerns. Internal pressures stem from a growing desire by the public to demand accountability from those in government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the role of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in regulating the levels of ammonia and glutamate in the central nervous system. Effect of guanosine triphosphate on GDH catalysis; Impact of nucleotides on the photolabeling of GDH.

A functional classification of occlusion based on the sounds produced by tooth contact was first proposed in 1970. The classification was found useful for identifying patients prone to gnathic dysfunctions as a significantly higher proportion of these patients were in Class C than in Class A. In the studies described in this paper other parameters of occlusion were measured to find if there were differences between the classes in addition to the differences in occlusal sound duration which identified the classes. The first study found highly significant differences in co-ordination between Class A and Class C as measured by the coincidence of sound patterns. Many significant differences at the 1% level were found in the F test of samples of 5 successive occlusal sounds in series of 25 sounds in Classes A and C, but these differences diminished as the series of sounds was prolonged, suggesting that the subject's ability to find stable occlusal positions improved with successive occlusal contacts. No significant differences were found in time intervals between the sounds in different classes, but significant differences were found in masseter muscle activity in relation to the presence or absence of silent periods between occlusal classes. It was concluded that the functional classification of occlusion based on the duration of tooth contact sounds was valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of 23 adult patients during treatment for gnathic dysfunctions was monitored by gnathosonic techniques and graphs of the fluctuations in occlusal sound duration were studied. It was concluded that this method gave a useful insight into the progress of patients under treatment and aided the assessment of the effects of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of silent periods in masseter muscle activity was investigated during percussion of the bony structures of the head and neck, during occlusion of the teeth on surfaces of varying hardness, and during chewing of different food-stuffs. Silent periods were demonstrated on percussion during isometric and isotonic contraction of the masseter muscles and the occurrence of silent periods was influenced by the force of occlusion and by the nature of the surface contacted. Mandibular velocity was investigated during tapping and chewing sequences by ultra-high-speed cinematography, but it was not found possible to identify a critical change in mandibular velocity associated with the occurrence of silent periods. More silent periods were observed during the chewing of hard foods than of soft foods and there were more silent periods near the beginning of chewing sequences than towards the end. Differences in latency and duration of silent periods were observed in relation to artificial changes in the occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes to explore the ways in which computer technology influences and is influenced by families across the life course. This paper utilizes a structural perspective based on the family life course as put forward by family development scholars. From the first perspective, it could be argued that males, following traditional gender roles, are more inclined to want to learn and use computer systems. Young women, for example, may envision computer knowledge and use as "gender inappropriate." However, from the second perspective, in as much as each gender is motivated to model their same-sex parent, women may be more inclined to see value in learning about and using a computer. Overall, it may not be that males and females are differentially motivated to use a computer at all, but in fact, the two sexes may more precisely be inclined to use computers for different reasons and goals. Computers are another means by which the family unit is becoming increasingly less isolated. With the rapid proliferation of gigantic computer networks, such as the Internet, regional, national and continental barriers are often practically irrelevant.

Studies the hydrolysis of 1,4,6-trioxaspriro decanes to delta-lactones. Formation of charge-transfer complex; Hydride-transfer mechanism; Preparation of pentacyclic quassinoids.

Presents a study on English as a second language (ESL) students' educational and cultural adjustment to high school. Analysis of ESL student autobiographical narratives of adjustment; Identifying social patterns; ESL student needs.

Looks at a study conducted on thirty men and thirty women in three age groups using a structural perspective to examine life events in the context of an individual's life story. Role of life events; Role of life span; Objectives of this study; Methods used; Information on results; Discussion; Summary and conclusions.

Several reports published within the issue is presented including one by David Yeomans on appointment of a conservation engineer and another by Alan Forster on the characteristics of mortars.

The article discusses papers on architectural conservation published within this issue, including one on the management and protection of Italy's historic environment and another on approaches to urban conservation in Europe.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Doctor Noha Nasser offering a review of the inherent qualities that have sustained historic urban centres in the Islamicate world and another by Dennis Rodwell posing the question of how sustainable development and urban conservation relate to the other.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by about O. P. Agrawal on the conservation needs of the Taj Mahal in India and another by John Burland on the stabilization of the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Jane Kennedy on the repairs carried out at Ely Cathedral, and another by Robert Pickard on the approaches of six European countries in trying to achieve area-based protection and integrated conservation.

Comments on Martin E. Marty's article `Civic Virtue: The Framers' Worries--and Our Own Post Script to the Bill of Rights,' which appeared in the Fall 1991 issue of `Religious Education'. Discussion of the lack of prescriptions for virtue, morals and religion in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights; Exploration of the contemporary debates concerning the proper relationship between religion and state.

Investigates the impingement of solitary surface wave on a vertical wall through flow visualization experiments. Effect of increased incident wave height on fluid behavior during wave impact; Reflection of incident wave off the vertical wall; Formation of spilling breaking waves by large incident wave amplitudes.

The emergence of new fungal pathogens makes the development of new antifungal drugs a medical imperative that in recent years motivates the talents of numerous investigators across the world. Understanding not only the structural families of these drugs but also their biological targets provides a rational means for evaluating the merits and selectivity of new agents for fungal pathogens and normal cells. An equally important aspect of modern antifungal drug development takes a balanced look at the problems of drug potency and drug resistance. The future development of new antifungal agents will rest with those who employ synthetic and semisynthetic methodology as well as natural product isolation to tackle these problems and with those who possess a clear understanding of fungal cell architecture and drug resistance mechanisms. This review endeavors to provide an introduction to a growing and increasingly important literature, including coverage of the new developments in medicinal chemistry since 2015, and also endeavors to spark the curiosity of investigators who might enter this fascinatingly complex fungal landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation play important roles in the progression and growth of cancers. The development of natural products and their semisynthetic derivatives for cancer treatment is a longstanding focus of our research interests. We developed compounds known as diaminobutoxy-substituted isoflavonoids (DBIs) that effectively stimulated Adenosine 5′ Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and suppressed the growth of colorectal cancer cells by specifically targeting mitochondrial complex I. We now report a new DBI analog, namely, DBI-2, with promising properties for cancer treatment. The combination of DBI-2 and BAY-876, a glucose transporter 1 inhibitor, exhibited synergistic effects on colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, the therapeutic effectiveness of DBI-2 in colorectal cancer cell xenograft mouse models was enhanced by implementing a ketogenic diet, an outcome that indicated this drug/diet combination is a potentially promising combination strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer cells undergo a significant level of "metabolic reprogramming" or "remodeling" to ensure an adequate supply of ATP and "building blocks" for cell survival and to facilitate accelerated proliferation. Cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis for ATP production (the Warburg effect); however, cancer cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, also depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for ATP production, a finding that suggests that both glycolysis and OXPHOS play significant roles in facilitating cancer progression and proliferation. Our prior studies identified a semisynthetic isoflavonoid, DBI-1, that served as an AMPK activator targeting mitochondrial complex I. Furthermore, DBI-1 and a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor, BAY-876, synergistically inhibited CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We now report a study of the structure–activity relationships (SARs) in the isoflavonoid family in which we identified a new DBI-1 analog, namely, DBI-2, with promising properties. Here, we aimed to explore the antitumor mechanisms of DBIs and to develop new combination strategies by targeting both glycolysis and OXPHOS. We identified DBI-2 as a novel AMPK activator using an AMPK phosphorylation assay as a readout. DBI-2 inhibited mitochondrial complex I in the Seahorse assays. We performed proliferation and Western blotting assays and conducted studies of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy to corroborate the synergistic effects of DBI-2 and BAY-876 on CRC cells in vitro. We hypothesized that restricting the carbohydrate uptake with a KD would mimic the effects of GLUT1 inhibitors, and we found that a ketogenic diet significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DBI-2 in CRC xenograft mouse models, an outcome that suggested a potentially new approach for combination cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the diversity of architectural heritage and understanding of political, economic, social and technological contexts within which the heritage was created and conserved. Consideration on how European attitudes to architectural conservation have impacted on East Asian architectural heritage; Emphasis on the history, manufacture and construction of the buildings in the cultural significance, need for protection and conservation; Consideration on the dynamics, effects and remedial action required to reduce the impact of hygroscopic salts on the materials and finishes of historic buildings.

The article discusses several reports published in the issue including one by Viscount Coke on the maintenance of the Holkham Estate in Norfolk and another by Sonja and Hans Allback on linseed-oil products.

The article discusses several reports published in the issue including on the conservation of historic buildings and another on windowcraft.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Adam Zielinski on the site work of the Roman Temple at Deir el Hagar in Egypt, and another by Dina D'Ayala and Pierre Smars on the processes of recording and documenting the scissor arches and central tower of Wells Cathedral.

Editorial. Considers a consensus statement from "Occupational Medicine" (the journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine) on the interaction between general practitioners and occupational health professionals and their roles in vocational rehabilitation. Current problems with communications; The cost of system failures on people, the state and pension funds; Role of general practitioners and of occupational health professionals; Barriers to communication between the two; Inadequate development of occupations health services in the United Kingdom.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Eman Assi on the role of local residents in the planning and implementation of project works and another by Michael Gould on the history, development and changing role of water towers.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Margaret Greeves about risk management at the Fitzwilliam Museum in England and another by Robin Nugent on the Spitbank fort, also in England.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Alexandra Teague on an assessment of the importance that social context can bring to house museums and another by Patrick van Cayseele and Wim van Meerbeeck on the economic justification for conserving historic buildings.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Harshad Bhatia about the Banganga tank in Mumbai, India and another by Jon Burgess on the conservation challenges in Cambridge, England.