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Graphical abstract Highlights • Effect of CeO 2 morphology on methanol oxidation in plasma was investigated. • Surface oxygen vacancy in CeO 2 is responsible for ozone decomposition activity. • Reactive oxygen species from O 3 decomposition promoted deep oxidation of methanol. • Oxidation pathways of methanol in the plasma-catalytic system were proposed. Abstract The effect of CeO 2 morphology on efficient methanol oxidation and the detailed reaction mechanism were investigated in a plasma-catalytic system at room temperature. CeO 2 with different morphologies (i.e. rod, particle, and cube) were prepared by a hydrothermal method and characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Among the three CeO 2 morphologies, CeO 2 rod catalyst had the most amount of oxygen vacancy. All the catalysts were tested for methanol oxidation in plasma, and the results showed that CeO 2 rod catalyst exhibited the highest methanol conversion (94.1%), CO 2 selectivity (90.1%) and ozone suppression. In situ Raman spectroscopy experiments proved that the performance of ozone decomposition was related to the amount of oxygen vacancy in CeO 2. Surface oxygen vacancies in CeO 2 rod catalyst acted as active sites for ozone decomposition, resulting in more reactive oxygen species that could effectively oxidize methanol and increase CO 2 selectivity in the plasma-catalytic system. Finally, the evolution of adsorbed intermediate species and some key steps of methanol oxidation were discussed based on the results of plasma-catalytic in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report herein the synthesis of highly substituted and stereochemically well‐defined vinylbenziodoxole (VBX) derivatives through hydrochlorination and iodochlorination of ethynylbenziodoxoles. The hydrochlorination is achieved using pyridine hydrochloride as an HCl source in an anti‐fashion under mild, open‐air conditions to afford a 2‐chlorinated VBX product, which serves as a useful building block for the stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes. Meanwhile, iodochlorination with iodine monochloride proceeds in an unusual syn‐pathway, stereoselectively affording a tetrasubstituted VBX derivative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this note is to investigate some inequalities related to Kwong functions. Refinements of Kaur's and Zhan's inequality are presented by the Hadamard product. In addition, variations of the Heinz-Heron type means on Kwong functions are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hybrid IWO/PSO algorithm for composition optimization of PMMA base denture. • Effect of PMMA-Nano Hydroxyapatite-Nano Alumina contents on modes I and II fracture toughness. • Performing initial guess K Ic and K IIc tests on nine-groups of base dentures using symmetric and asymmetric bend beams. • Prediction of highest K Ic and K IIc values for the PMMA/Nanoparticle denture using meta -heuristic approach. • Good agreement of fracture toughness ratio (K IIc / K Ic) obtained from the experiments and IWO/PSO prediction. Composition of three-phase dental denture (Polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA + Nano Hydroxyapatite + Nano Alumina) was optimized using hybrid IWO/PSO algorithm to obtain the highest K Ic and K IIc. First, initial fracture toughness tests were performed on nine groups of PMMA base dentures with different percentages of ingredients. Symmetric single edge notch beam and asymmetric three-point bend beam with inclined crack were used for K Ic and K IIc testing, respectively. The initial design parameters were considered as: {75–100% PMMA, 0–10% Nano Hydroxyapatite and, 0–15% Nano Alumina}. As the initial guess values for starting the hybrid optimization algorithm, B-spline curves (as the cost function) were fitted to the experimental results of both modes I and II. Then the IWO/PSO algorithm was run to find the optimum composition and maximum fracture toughness value of each mode. The best K Ic was found for the composition of {78.5% PMMA + 9% Nano Hydroxyapatide + 12.5% Nano Alumina}. Similarly, using the hybrid IWO/PSO algorithm the optimum composition of {83.4% PMMA + 8.7% Nano Hydroxyapatide + 7.9 % Nano Alumina} was obtained to gain the highest K IIc. The experimental fracture toughness values obtained from the proposed compositions via employing the hybrid algorithm were approximately 40% higher than the all tested nine groups of PMMA base dentures under both modes I and II. The fracture toughness ratio K IIc / K Ic of the optimum mix-designs predicted by the hybrid algorithm was equal to 0.78 and showed good agreement with the experimental K IIc / K Ic ratio. The fracture toughness for any desired mixed mode condition can also be predicted in-terms of the K Ic and stress intensity factors and T -stress of the desired mode mixity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A supported Pt-Ce/BEA catalyst was prepared via facile grinding and calcination. • Pt-Ce/BEA completely mineralized toluene aided by O 3 at 90 °C without residual O 3. • Pt and CeO 2 closely contacted together instead of separating on the surface. • The interaction of Pt-CeO 2 availed forming oxygen vacancy and enhancing activity. Deep catalytic oxidation of toluene in low concentrations by ozone on a supported Pt-Ce/BEA catalyst using a facile preparation method was investigated. The catalyst was prepared using a simple grinding and calcination process, and then characterized by inductively coupled plasma elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, H 2 temperature programmed reduction, O 2 and toluene temperature programmed desorption, and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that Pt nanoparticles and CeO 2 intimately contacted on the surface of the catalyst, and a strong interaction occurred between them. The catalyst was employed for toluene oxidation with ozone because a strong interaction occurs between the Pt NPs and CeO 2. We aimed to investigate the interaction between the Pt NPs and CeO 2 ; thus, we compared the three catalysts. Pt-Ce/BEA exhibited superior catalytic performance (>99% toluene conversion and >99% CO 2 selectivity at 90 °C) compared to Pt/BEA (85% toluene conversion and 63% CO 2 selectivity) and Ce/BEA (>99% toluene conversion and 59% CO 2 selectivity). The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO 2 increased the amount of oxygen vacancy and thus improved the ozone decomposition activity, which yielded more active oxygen species and contributed to the toluene oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Mg-Hg-Ga alloys are typical anode materials used in high-power seawater-activated batteries. In this work, the effect of hot rolling on the microstructure and discharge properties of Mg-1.6 wt%Hg-2wt%Ga alloy was studied. The results indicate that hot rolling refines and deforms the grains, weakens the basal texture, and facilitates the dispersive precipitation of Mg 5 Ga 2 and nano-scaled Mg 21 Ga 5 Hg 3 phases. The precipitation of secondary phases during rolling reduces the solid solubility of Hg and Ga in the Mg matrix, thus deteriorating discharge activity and thickening the discharge product film in the Mg-Hg-Ga alloy. Nevertheless, the 0.35 mm-thick hot-rolled Mg-Hg-Ga alloy exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance and high specific discharge capacity (1903 mAh g−1) during discharge at the current density of 20 mA cm−2. Therefore, the rolled Mg-Hg-Ga alloy is a promising anode material for application in low-power and long-term seawater batteries. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Hot rolling improves the corrosion resistance and anodic efficiency of Mg-Hg-Ga alloy. • The weakened basal texture in Mg-Hg-Ga alloy during hot rolling is analyzed. • The rolled Mg-Hg-Ga alloy is an appropriate anode for low-power and long-period seawater-activated battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic fluorescent materials have become increasingly attractive due to the requirements of green chemistry. In this study, the synthetic route of piperidine‐based fluorescent materials was optimized with good to excellent yields. 37 fluorescent compounds were achieved with emission wavelength at 540–670 nm and chromogenic changed from green to standard red. The fluorescence quantum yields of 5 a, 5 ab, and 5 af were 1.96 %, 0.97 %, and 5.13 %, respectively. The relationship between the structure and luminescent properties has also been systematically discussed. This work presents the possibility of utilizing piperidine analogues to develop fluorescent probes in biological imaging, display devices and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utility of benziodoxole triflate, derived from α,α-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-iodobenzyl alcohol, as a versatile reagent for iodo(III)cyclization via electrophilic activation of alkyne, is reported herein. The reagent promotes cyclization of alkynes tethered to a variety of nucleophilic moieties, affording benziodoxole-appended (hetero)arenes such as benzofurans, benzothiophenes, isocoumarins, indoles, and polyaromatics under mild conditions. This unprecedented class of (hetero)aryl-IIII compounds proved easy to purify, stable, and amenable to various synthetic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to give a survey of the progress, advantages and limitations of various operator inequalities involving improved Young's and its reverse inequalities related to the Kittaneh-Manasrah inequality. We also present our new progress to the related research topics. New scalar versions of Young's inequalities are promoted, the operator version and the Hilbert-Schmidt form also get a promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The destruction of low concentrations of toluene in air streams using a non-thermal plasma catalysis system has been investigated in this study. A series of highly active cobalt incorporated MCM-41 (Co-MCM-41) catalysts were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. For comparison, cobalt-impregnated MCM-41 (Co-MCM-41_imp) catalysts were prepared via an impregnation method. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, UV–vis diffuse reflection spectrum (UV–vis DRS), H 2 -temperature-programmed reduction analyses (H 2 -TPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the cobalt modified samples retained the highly ordered mesopore structure of MCM-41. In addition, the cobalt species on Co-MCM-41 was highly dispersed in the silica framework of MCM-41 molecular sieves, while the cobalt on Co-MCM-41_imp was present as cobalt oxide clusters or Co 3 O 4 nano-particles on the external surface of MCM-41. The non-thermal plasma catalytic performance of the catalysts was evaluated by toluene oxidation using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The results showed that the Co-MCM-41 exhibited better catalytic activity and stability than Co-MCM-41_imp. The main reason for the enhanced catalytic performance and stability was attributed to the well dispersion of cobalt species, good ozone decomposition activities and the high ability to degrade organic intermediates on catalyst surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A PdII-catalyzed 2:1 coupling reaction of alkynylbenziodoxole with carboxylic acid to afford (alk-1-en-3-ynyl)benziodoxole, which is efficiently promoted by an octahydrophenazine ligand, is reported. The reaction involves a Pd-assisted 1,2-iodine(III) shift of the alkynylbenziodoxole followed by stereoselective introduction of carboxy and alkynyl groups (the latter originating from another molecule of the alkynylbenziodoxole) into the 1-position of the transient Pd-vinylidene species. The product of this 1,1-carboxyalkynylation reaction serves as a new functionalized enyne-type building block for further synthetic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While transition metal catalyzed addition reactions of arylmetal reagents to unfunctionalized alkynes have been extensively developed in the last decade, analogous reactions using alkenylmetal reagents remain rare regardless of their potential utility for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-dienes. Reported herein is the development of a cobalt/diphosphine catalyst which promotes efficient and stereoselective addition of alkenylzinc reagents to unfunctionalized internal alkynes. The resulting dienylzinc species serve as versatile intermediates for further synthetic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mild and regiocontrolled synthesis of a multisubstituted furan is achieved through Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed room-temperature condensation of an alkynylbenziodoxole, a carboxylic acid, and an enolizable ketimine, which contribute to C1, CO, and C2 fragments, respectively, to the furan skeleton. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups in each of the reaction components, and enables highly modular and flexible synthesis of variously substituted furans. The reaction is particularly effective for the rapid generation of tri- and tetraarylfurans and furan-containing oligoarylenes without relying on conventional cross-coupling chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mild and regiocontrolled synthesis of a multisubstituted furan is achieved through Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed room-temperature condensation of an alkynylbenziodoxole, a carboxylic acid, and an enolizable ketimine, which contribute to C1, CO, and C2 fragments, respectively, to the furan skeleton. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups in each of the reaction components, and enables highly modular and flexible synthesis of variously substituted furans. The reaction is particularly effective for the rapid generation of tri- and tetraarylfurans and furan-containing oligoarylenes without relying on conventional cross-coupling chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysubstituted indolizine derivatives are constructed via intramolecular CN bond formation/CH bond cleavage under metal-free conditions. These methods offer straightforward pathways to transform pyridyl chalcones into a variety of indolizines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinolinonederivatives were constructed via a Pd-catalyzed C–Hbond activation/C–C bond formation/cyclization cascade processwith simple anilines as the substrates. This finding provides a practicalprocedure for the synthesis of quinolinone-containing alkaloids anddrug molecules. The utility of this method was demonstrated by a formalsynthesis of Tipifarnib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Complete conversion of toluene was achieved in dry air by the CPC system. [•] The presence of water vapor has negative influence on the activity of catalysts. [•] Order of durability of catalysts was NiO/TiO2 >NiO/SBA-15>NiO/γ-Al2O3. [•] Catalyst with lower H2O desorption activation energy had better susceptibility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aims: This study aimed to identify amino acids that could act as chelators in enhancing absorption and translocation capabilities of a rare earth element (REE) lanthanum and yttrium in a non-hyperaccumulator plant. Methods: We analysed correlations between amino acid, La and Y concentrations in xylem saps of the REE hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana L., to identify functional amino acids in long-distance transportation processes. These were used as chelators to observe the efficacy of La uptake and translocation in REE non-hyperaccumulator tomato seedlings. Pot culture experiments were conducted using modified Hoagland solution artificially contaminated with REEs. Results: Eighteen xylem sap amino acids were identified and measured in the xylem sap, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine and glutamic acid may be related to xylem La and Y long-distance transportion in P. americana L. Extraneous aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine and glutamic acid enhanced La absorption in the whole tomato, compared with La alone. Moreover, the whole tomato La content increased by 449 μg and 139 μg in the presence of aspartic acid and asparagine as compared to P. americana L. Tryptophan insignificantly affected La uptake and translocation in tomato seedlings. Conclusions: Aspartic acid and asparagine could potentially promote remediation of La contamination in soil when used as a chelator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is concerned with exploring the upper bounds and lower bounds of the eigenvalues of real symmetric matrices of order n whose entries are in a given interval. It gives the maximum and minimum of the eigenvalues and the upper bounds of spread of real symmetric interval matrices in all cases. It also gives the answers of the open problems for the maximum and minimum of the eigenvalues of real symmetric interval matrices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we exhibit new and sharper upper bounds of the spread of a matrix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This work is concerned with answering three open nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problems (NIEPs) which have been around for 70 years. Our approach is quite straightforward; it offers effective ways to judge whether a given NIEP is realizable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An imidazolium chloride tagged palladium(II) complex has been conveniently prepared and structurally analyzed. It is active toward cross-coupling of arylboronic acid with aryl halide and benzoyl chloride, giving moderate to high yield of the desired biaryls and aryl ketones, respectively. The present phosphine-free (N–N)Pd(II) complex could be efficiently recycled at least four times with minor decrease of activity in the aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This work is concerned with estimating the lower bound of rank for a given quaternion square matrix, rectangular matrix or normal matrix, and estimating the upper bound for the sum of the eigenvalue norms of a given quaternion matrix. A sufficient condition is provided to confirm whether a given quaternion matrix is nonsingular. It sharpens some results due to Tu Bo-xun and Semyon Aranovich Geršchgorin and Schur, respectively. Some examples are provided to show the effectiveness of our results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, the estimation problems of eigenvalues of sum, difference, and tensor product of matrices over quaternion division algebra are studied. A pair of inequalities about eigenvalues of self-conjugate quaternion matrix is established, the famous Brauer Theorem is generalized to quaternion division algebra and the form of Cassini Theorem over quaternion division algebra is also worked out successfully. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy involves breathing pure oxygen or a high oxygen concentration above atmospheric (ATM) pressure in an enclosed chamber. Studies on pathological scars have demonstrated that HBO can inhibit the formation of pathological scars. To evaluate the efficacy of HBO in the treatment of pathological scars via meta-analysis. Searches were run on various databases, including the Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. A comparative study was conducted on patients with pathological scars treated with or without HBO. We used RevMan 5.4 software to determine the recurrence rate, treatment satisfaction, and Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS) score in the pathological scar. A total of 543 publications were identified; after screening, four were selected for review, including one randomized controlled trial (RCT), one controlled clinical trial (CCT), and two retrospective cohort studies. Meta-analysis results showed that HBO treatment reduced the pathological scar recurrence rate after surgery and radiotherapy (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13–0.52, p = 0.0001). Patients had higher satisfaction after HBO therapy (OR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.49–13.30, p = 0.007). The Vancouver scar scale (VSS) score of patients with pathological scars was significantly improved in the HBO group (SMD: −3.82, 95% CI: −6.07to −0.49, p = 0.02). HBO treatment decreased the recurrence rate of pathological scars after surgery and radiotherapy, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced the VSS score, thus providing a new way to treat pathological scar hyperplasia. However, evaluation of the longer-term effects of HBO treatment requires further comprehensive studies, including more RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPoly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used as drug delivery carrier or scaffold for bone repair due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and degradation rate controllability. However, defects, like acidic degradation by-products, are associated with PLGA and restrict its practical applications. Jade powder, leftover from jade polishing process, is a natural material rich in elements of Ca, Si, and Mg while biocompatible and antibacterial. Herein, jade powder/PLGA composite microspheres with different mass ratios were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method under the optimized conditions. Characterization from SEM, EDS, FTIR, and surface water contact angle measurements indicated jade powder was successfully combined with PLGA and improved the surface wettability of the microspheres. Moreover, it was proved, through in vitro simulated body fluid test as well as adipose stem cell osteogenesis analysis, that jade powder addition enhanced the pH buffering capacity of the composite microsphere for simulated body fluid, and promoted the in vitro osteogenic activity of adipose stem cells at a certain amount. This study provides new ideas to employ jade powder, a natural material otherwise thrown away as solid waste, for improvement on PLGA performance in bone repair or potentially other biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rh-catalyzed C–H carbonylation of indoles under 1 atm of CO has been achieved. Various substituted indoles and indole with free N–H could be carboxylated with linear- and/or cyclic-alcohol to give the desired indole-3-carboxylates with up to 92% yield. A mechanism involving RhIIIinitiated C–H metallation is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct ring construction of amides with alkynes catalyzed by palladium acetate with cheap oxidant under an air atmosphere has been realized. A variety of novel highly substituted naphthalenes 3a–3lhave been prepared chemo- and regioselectively in 55–97% yields under mild conditions. Product 3jemits intense blue luminescence peaked at 435 nm with a good blue purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dongguan, a city at the heart of China's early reform and opening-up, has been known as the "world's factory" for being one of the largest manufacturing bases in the world. Combining rational socioeconomic developments with effective control policies on particulate matter (PM) pollution, Dongguan successfully transformed to win-win situation in both high-speed economic development and rapid air quality improvement from 2005 to 2017. In this study, we applied a STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) model to examine the relationships between PM pollution and the selected indicators of socioeconomic development in Dongguan. We found that the growths of proportion of secondary industry, low-grade road density and GDP per capita contribute greatly to the increase of PM pollution, while the growths of proportion of tertiary industry and high-grade road density could significantly slow down the increase of PM pollution. In addition, the policies for controlling PM pollution (e.g. retiring Yellow-Label cars, designating no burning zone and reforming industrial boilers) had great positive influence on PM reduction. However, PM pollution was negatively correlated with the number of automobiles probably due to the rapid and continuous improvements in the vehicle emission standard. Dongguan's experience in its pursuit of such win-win situations within a short period of time can provide valuable guidance for other cities in China as well as many undeveloped and developing cities worldwide. • Dongguan rapidly achieved the win-win situation of socioeconomic development and particulate matter pollution mitigation. • The impact of socioeconomic development on PM pollution was evaluated quantitatively by using finer socioeconomic factors. • Secondary industry, low-grade road density and GDP per capita contributed greatly to PM pollution in Dongguan. • Effective policies for controlling PM pollution played an important role to decrease PM concentrations in Dongguan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing applications of various nanomaterials in construction, this work reviews the renewed knowledge of nanotechnology in cement-based materials, focusing on the relevant papers published over the last decade. The addition of nanomaterials in cement-based materials, associated with their dispersion in cement composites, is explored to evaluate their effects on the resistance of cement-based materials to physical deteriorations, chemical deteriorations, and rebar corrosion. This review also examines the proposed nanoscale modeling of interactions between admixed nanomaterials and cement hydration products. At last, the recent progress of advanced characterization that employs techniques to characterize the properties of cement-based materials at the nanoscale is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis route was successfully conducted. • Petroleum coke-based microporous carbon exhibits high CO 2 uptake (4.25 mmol/g at 25°C and 1 bar) and specific capacitance (233.25 F/g at 0.5A/g). • Ultra-micropores and basic N species are crucial factors for the enhanced CO 2 uptake and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity respectively. • Waste resource utilization and global CO 2 emission reduction can be realized simultaneously. Waste resource utilization of petroleum coke is crucial for achieving global carbon emission reduction. Herein, a series of N-doped microporous carbons were fabricated from petroleum coke using a one-pot synthesis method. The as-prepared samples had a large specific surface area (up to 2512 m2/g), a moderate-high N content (up to 4.82 at.%), and high population (55%) of ultra-micropores (<0.7 nm). Regulating the N content and ultra-microporosity led to efficient CO 2 adsorption and separation. At ambient pressure, the optimal N-doped petroleum coke-based microporous carbon exhibited the highest CO 2 uptake of 4.25 mmol/g at 25°C and 6.57 mmol/g at 0°C. These values are comparable or even better than those of numerous previously reported adsorbents prepared by multistep synthesis, primarily due to the existence of ultra-micropores. The sample exhibited excellent CO 2 /N 2 selectivity at 25°C owing to the abundant basic pyridinic and pyrrolic N species; and showed superior CO 2 adsorption-desorption cycling performance, which was maintained at 97% after 10 cycles at 25°C. Moreover, petroleum coke-based microporous carbon, with a considerably high specific surface area and hierarchical pore structure, exhibited excellent electrochemical performance over the N-doped sample, maintaining a favorable specific capacitance of 233.25 F/g at 0.5 A/g in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolyte. This study provides insight into the influence of N-doping on the porous properties of petroleum coke-based carbon. Furthermore, the as-prepared carbons were found to be promising adsorbents for CO 2 adsorption, CO 2 /N 2 separation and electrochemical application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our article describes our experience with using a frontal axial pattern flap combined with hard palate mucosa transplant to reconstruct midfacial defects after the excision of huge basal cell carcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed four patients diagnosed with midface huge basal cell carcinoma through biopsy between 2014 and 2016. Both the eyelid and nose were involved in all the patients. All the patients underwent the studied surgical method and were followed up from 12 to 36 months. Results: All the patients preserved good eyelid function and relatively good esthetic satisfaction. No basal cell carcinoma recurred. Conclusions: This combined surgical procedure is a good method for reconstructing defects after the excision of huge basal cell carcinomas in the midface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of fluorobenziodoxole (FBX) and BF3 ⋅ OEt2 in cyclopentyl methyl ether promotes regio‐ and stereoselective addition of benziodoxole and methoxy groups to alkynes. This difunctionalization reaction tolerates a variety of functionalized internal and terminal alkynes to afford trans‐β‐alkoxyvinylbenziodoxoles, which represent versatile precursors to stereochemically well‐defined multisubstituted vinyl ethers. The reaction is proposed to involve cleavage of the I−F bond of FBX by BF3, followed by electrophilic activation of the alkyne by the resulting cationic IIII species that triggers the nucleophilic addition of the ethereal oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction conditions are optimized to couple diverse range of alkylzinc reagents, prepared from a 1:2 mixture of ZnCl2·TMEDA and the corresponding alkenylmagnesium bromide, with internal alkynes in the presence of CoF2 and tBu-Xantphos as catalyst system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations to the article "Modular Synthesis of Multisubstituted Furans Through Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Condensation of Alkynylbenziodoxoles, Carboxylic Acids, and Imines" by J. Wu and colleagues published in "Angewandte Chemie International Edition" in 2015.

by cyclization reaction via C-H bond cleavage of pyridyl chalcones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Compounds with Carboxylic Acids via C-H Bond Activation" by J. Wu and others, published in the periodical "Organic Chemistry Frontiers" in 2015.

The method is applied to the preparation of compound (XIII), an intermediate in the synthesis of the drug tipifarnib (XIV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hot mix asphalt binder (HMAB), PG 64-22 with 0.05 wt.% graphene oxide (GO), was used to prepare warm mix asphalt binders (WMABs) with three types of warm mix additives, i.e, 3 wt.% Sasobit, 5 wt.% waste cooking oil (WCO), and Sasobit + WCO. The viscosity-temperature performance, rheological performance, low-temperature cracking behavior, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, and low-temperature thermal properties of various HMABs and WMABs were investigated in the laboratory. The experimental results revealed that GO remarkably increased the viscosity, high-temperature elasticity and permanent deformation resistance of the non-modified PG 64-22 asphalt binder. When used individually or in combination, Sasobit and WCO can significantly decrease the viscosity of GO-modified asphalt, and reduce the suitable construction temperatures of asphalt paving. Modification of asphalt by the admixtures of GO and Sasobit results in excellent high-temperature properties but compromised the low-temperature performance of the asphalt, thus making it more suitable for hot-climate regions. On the other hand, modification of asphalt by the admixtures of GO and WCO exhibited the exact opposite trend, making it more suitable for cold-climate regions. The GO + Sasobit + WCO composite modified asphalt exhibited excellent properties both in high and low temperatures, implying its suitability for all climatic regions. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results suggested that WCO significantly decreased the T g of the non-modified asphalt but Sasobit did not and both of them can enhance the crosslinking degree of asphalt. The FTIR results suggested that the modification of asphalt by the admixtures of GO and warm mix additive (Sasobit or WCO) entailed both chemical reaction and physical blending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroosmosis has been extensively employed as an effective method for the dewatering treatment of soils and thus the reinforcement of weak soils. At the microscopic level, this treatment process is inherently complex due toin situchemical and electrochemical reactions, migration of ions and particles, and the dependence of zeta potential of various particles on the local pH value in the soil. This complexity has hindered further understanding of mechanisms underlying the electroosmosis technology. Here, we design an external electric field in which alternating pulse wave potentials were partially used to adjust the pH value of the soil and manipulate the dynamics ofin situformed nanoparticles and their interconnectivity. The experimental results reveal that thein situformation of Ca-rich particles, instead of water drainage, may serve as the main mechanism underlying the observed soil reinforcement when using calcium chloride as the treatment electrolyte. The interconnectivity of such particles may be the key for the shear strength improvement without significant settlement of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkoxylation of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds has become one of the most important tools for the construction of benzyl ethers from feedstock chemicals. Herein, we reported a silver catalyzed alkoxylation of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds employing potassium persulfate as an oxidant at room temperature. This strategy showed good functional‐group tolerance, site selectivity, and chemoselectivity. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of various primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol nucleophiles, affording corresponding benzyl ethers. Combined experimental studies provided mechanistic insights into the possible radical pathways. Furthermore, a possible mechanism was proposed for this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published papers highlight the roles of the catalysts in plasma catalysis systems, and it is essential to provide deep insight into the mechanism of the reaction. In this work, a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor packed with γ-MnO2 and CeO2 with similar nanorod morphologies and particle sizes was used for methanol oxidation at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The experimental results showed that both γ-MnO2 and CeO2 exhibited good performance in methanol conversion (up to 100%), but the CO2 selectivity of CeO2 (up to 59.3%) was much higher than that of γ-MnO2 (up to 28.6%). Catalyst characterization results indicated that CeO2 contained more surface-active oxygen species, adsorbed more methanol and utilized more plasma-induced active species than γ-MnO2. In addition, in situ Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied with a novel in situ cell to reveal the major factors affecting the catalytic performance in methanol oxidation. More reactive oxygen species (O22−, O2−) from ozone decomposition were produced on CeO2 compared with γ-MnO2, and less of the intermediate product formate accumulated on the CeO2. The combined results showed that CeO2 was a more effective catalyst than γ-MnO2 for methanol oxidation in the plasma catalysis system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunogenicity is a major issue associated with the PK, efficacy, and safety evaluation of therapeutic protein products during pre-clinical and clinical studies. A multi-tiered approach consisting of screening, confirmatory, and titration assays has been widely adopted for anti-drug antibody testing. GQ1001, a recombinant humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a cytotoxin of DM1, possesses a novel format of antibody–drug conjugates. In this study, we reported the development, validation, and application of an acid-dissociation bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against GQ1001 in cynomolgus monkey serum. The sensitivity of the screening assay was 126.141 ng/mL in undiluted serum. The screening assay and confirmatory assay were neither affected by the naïve monkey serum nor by 2% and 5% (v/v) erythrocyte hemolysates. Moreover, the assay was not subject to interference by 2500 ng/mL of human IgG1 in the samples. Drug interference at low positive control (150 ng/mL) and high positive control (8000 ng/mL) of anti-GQ1001 antibodies was not observed when GQ1001 concentrations were below 3.125 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, no hook effect was observed for the positive antibodies in the concentration range of 8 to 64 μg/mL. The validated assay was, thereafter, successfully applied to a single-dose toxicity study of GQ1001. Anti-drug antibody positive rates among dosing animals and testing samples were reported, and no significant impact was found on toxicokinetic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co 3 O 4 nanoplates (denoted as Co 3 O 4 -p) were employed to anchor Pt nanoparticles by an electrostatic adsorption method. The results of in situ DRIFTS combined with quasi in situ XPS showed that oxidizing toluene over Co 3 O 4 -p and Pt/Co 3 O 4 -p samples largely into benzoate primarily by the active adsorbed oxygen species at low reaction temperature (50 °C), mainly following by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, while oxidizing toluene into CO 2 mostly by the lattice oxygen species at high reaction temperature (180–250 °C), largely following by the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. [Display omitted] • Pt/Co 3 O 4 -p catalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. • The interactions of Pt and Co 3 O 4 can improve the ability of oxygen mobility. • Toluene oxidation follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism on Pt/Co 3 O 4 at 50 °C. • Toluene oxidation follows the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism on Pt/Co 3 O 4 at 180–250 °C. The present work elucidated the role of oxygen species in toluene oxidation over Co 3 O 4 -base catalysts. Co 3 O 4 nanoneedles, nanoflowers, nanocubes, and nanoplates (denoted as Co 3 O 4 -n, Co 3 O 4 -f, Co 3 O 4 -c, and Co 3 O 4 -p) were employed to anchor Pt nanoparticles by an electrostatic adsorption method. The catalytic activity of the Pt/Co 3 O 4 catalyst for toluene oxidation was significantly enhanced compared to that of Co 3 O 4. Among these catalysts, Pt/Co 3 O 4 -p exhibited outstanding catalytic activity with the temperature for 90 % toluene conversion (T 90 = 167 °C) at 82 °C lower than Co 3 O 4 -p (T 90 = 249 °C). The low-temperature reducibility was obviously enhanced by the Pt nanoparticles, which weakened the Co-O bond energy, and improved the capacity of oxygen mobility and the concentration of surface adsorbed oxygen. The results of in situ DRIFTS demonstrated benzoate was identified as the dominant intermediate in toluene oxidation toward Co 3 O 4 -based catalysts. Furthermore, combined with the results of quasi in situ XPS showed that oxidizing toluene largely into benzoate primarily by the active adsorbed oxygen species at low reaction temperature (50 °C), mainly following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, while oxidizing toluene into CO 2 mostly by the lattice oxygen species at high reaction temperature (180–250 °C), largely following the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel MOF-505@GO composites comprised of a copper-based metal-organic framework and graphite oxide (GO) were synthesized by a solvothermal method for effective separation of CO 2 /CH 4 and CO 2 /N 2 , which are challenging chemical separations in industry. The composites were characterized by various techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and porosity measurement through nitrogen adsorption at cryogenic temperature. Single component adsorption isotherm measurements of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 were performed at different temperatures. The selectivities of CO 2 /CH 4 and CO 2 /N 2 were estimated on the basis of ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). MOF-505@GO composites showed higher porosity and enhanced CO 2 adsorption compared to its parent compound MOF-505. MOF-505@5GO exhibited the highest CO 2 uptake of 3.94 mmol/g at 298 K and 100 kPa, having an increase of 37.3% in comparison with the parent MOF-505. The significant improvement of CO 2 uptakes could be attributed to not only new micropores and unsaturated metal sites formed in the MOF-505@GO, but also enhanced surface dispersive forces of the composites. The experimental adsorption isotherms of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 were well fitted with dual site Langmuir-Freundlich (DSLF) model. The CO 2 /CH 4 and CO 2 /N 2 adsorption selectivities were up to 8.6 and 37.2 at 298 K and 100 kPa, respectively, predicted by IAST. More strikingly, the composites showed excellent moisture stability, which was confirmed by PXRD analysis. These superior performances suggested that the MOF-505@GO composites are promising candidates for industrial CO 2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present some refinements of the Cauchy-Schwarz and Heinz inequalities for operators by utilizing a refinement of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeO x /SBA-15 catalysts were prepared via impregnation and utilized for toluene removal in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Toluene removal was investigated in the environment of various mixed N 2 /O 2 plasmas, showing that toluene removal efficiency and CO x selectivity were greatly increased by FeO x /SBA-15 and that the organic intermediates were greatly reduced by catalysts. In pure N 2 plasma, the bulk oxygen in the catalyst was involved in the toluene oxidation, and the 3%FeO x /SBA-15 catalyst showed the optimal toluene oxidation activity. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H 2 temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and O 2 temperature-programmed desorption (O 2 -TPD), showing that toluene oxidation was closely related to the highly dispersed nature of iron on the SBA-15 surface, the reduction temperature of Fe 2+ and the oxygen adsorption ability of the catalyst. The pathways of toluene decomposition in the combination of FeO x /SBA-15 with a non-thermal plasma (NTP) system were proposed based on the identified intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mn-doped NiO was prepared from the decomposition of nitrate precursor aerosols. • Mn-doped NiO of best performance has Mn-O-Ni and atom-burr structures. • CO conversion is 82% at –20 °C and 100% between 10 and 800 °C. • TOF value of CO oxidation on Mn-doped NiO is better than noble metal catalysts. • Operando DRIFTS-MS and DFT explore that OH at Ni and O at Mn dominate CO oxidation. The development of non-noble metal catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation is a pivotal subject in various disciplines. In this study, an optimized Mn-doped NiO catalyst (Mn-NiO-0.5), prepared via aerosol pyrolysis with an equal molar ratio of Ni to Mn, demonstrates remarkable performance. It achieves an 82 % CO conversion at -20 °C and a 100 % conversion between 10 °C and 800 °C. The catalyst's turnover frequency (TOF) for CO oxidation significantly surpasses that of previously reported noble-metal-based catalysts, underscoring its superior efficiency. Dynamic analyses suggest that the enhanced catalytic activity is a result of the unique atom burr structure, which presents an extensive surface area replete with abundant active sites. This structural feature is instrumental in maximizing the catalyst's interaction with CO molecules. Experimental findings, corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, elucidate the mechanism of CO oxidation on the Mn-NiO-0.5 catalyst. The process is facilitated by the synergistic action of bimetallic sites, where the Ni–OH site acts as the primary adsorption point for CO. Subsequently, the CO is oxidized to bicarbonate through the interaction with the oxygen (O or O 2) at adjacent Mn sites. This pioneering study introduces a paradigm-shifting insight: the effectiveness of non-noble metal oxide catalysts can now compete with, and in some cases, outperform their noble metal counterparts. This breakthrough is set to transform the industry, presenting a compelling alternative to conventional noble metal catalysts and propelling the evolution of state-of-the-art environmental conservation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gd dopant with smaller ion radius and low valence state would generate more Gd-Ce complex and less GdO 8 -type complex, producing more oxygen vacancies than pure sample on ceria surface and subsurface. Due to higher content of surface oxygen vacancy, the catalyst exhibits better ability to adsorb and active gaseous oxygen, which would supply more active oxygen species for toluene oxidation. More than that, the Gd doping could also drive more electrons to transfer from support to metal. As a result, more Pt sites with high electronic density and low-coordinated would be obtained, effectively promoting the adsorption and dissociation ability of toluene molecule. Hence, combined both of the advantages, the doping of Gd would enhance the catalytic oxidation of toluene over Pt/CeO 2 catalyst. On the contrary, owing to the higher ion radius and existence of extra +4 state, the Pr dopant would form more PrO 8 -type complex and less Pr-Ce complex, generating less oxygen vacancies than pure sample. Furthermore, the lower concentration of oxygen vacancy is disadvantage to the formation of high electronic density and low-coordinated Pt sites, which exhibits a poor ability for toluene adsorption and dissociation. Therefore, both of the shortages are not conducive to catalytic reaction. [Display omitted] • The Pt/CeO 2 catalyst exhibit a lanthanide-doping-dependent catalytic activity toward toluene oxidation. • The chemical properties of oxygen vacancy on ceria could be modulated by doped of lanthanide with various ionic radius and valence state. • The electron density and coordination structure of metal is closely related to the oxygen vacancy concentration of support. • The incorporation of Gd significantly improve catalytic activity, and the catalyst shows well stability and vapor resistance. The present work was undertaken to know the lanthanide doping effect on the physicochemical properties of Pt/CeO 2 catalysts and their catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. A series of lanthanide ions (La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) were incorporated into ceria lattice by hydrothermal method, and the Pt nanoparticles with equal quality were successfully loaded on various ceria-based supports. Their catalytic performance toward toluene oxidation shows a remarkable lanthanide-doping effect, and the activity is much dependent on the ion radius and valence state of dopants. Owing to smaller ion radius and low valence state, the dopant of Gd would form more Gd-Ce complex and less GdO 8 -type complex, generating more oxygen vacancies and then promoting oxygen replenishment. Furthermore, the high concentration of oxygen vacancy would drive electrons to transfer from support to metal, and thus electron-rich and under-coordinated Pt particles that are favorable for toluene adsorption and dissociation are obtained. Attributing to above positive factors, the doping of Gd would effectively enhance the catalytic oxidation of toluene over Pt/CeO 2 catalyst. In addition, the Pt/CeGdO 2 sample exhibits an excellent reaction stability and resistance of concentration impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Copper‐catalyzed benzylation of methylenecyclopropanes with potassium benzyltrifluoroborate salts has been developed to produce 2‐benzyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalenes in moderate to good yields. This oxidative cyclization reaction proceeds well via a sequence of radical addition, ring‐opening, and cyclization. This protocol represents a new example of methylenecyclopropane oxidative cyclization and tolerates a diverse range of substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]