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To investigate the clinical effects and application value of self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises on home rehabilitation of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Seeking to generate concepts for creating novel, convenient, and efficient COPD prognosis rehabilitation exercises aimed at enhancing the well-being and rehabilitation confidence of both COPD patients and their families. A total of 70 COPD patients admitted to our outpatient department from July 2019 to September 2021 were randomly divided into the exercise group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 35). The control group received routine breathing training, while the exercise group was treated with self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises. The respiratory function, including pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC) and respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), exercise tolerance (6-min walking distance, 6MWT), Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC, Borg), COPD quality of life score (CAT, SGRQ), anxiety and depression scores (HAMA, HAMD) were compared between the two groups after 12-week exercise. After 12-week training, the FEV1, MIP, and MEP in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001), and the 6MWT was significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the control group (p < 0.001); while the mMRC, Borg score, the scores of CAT, SGRQ, HAMA, and HAMD were found significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises can improve respiratory function and reduce symptoms of dyspnea in COPD patients, while enhancing exercise tolerance and relieving anxiety and depression, and are worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to get deep insight into the pore structure of tectonically deformed coals at different deformation extents, pore parameters (pore size and volume, surface area and surface fractal dimension) of coals from Zhongliangshan Southern Coal Mine, Chongqing, were investigated by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with low temperature nitrogen adsorption. The results from SAXS indicate that the scattering intensity and micropore volume increases, the most-probable pore diameter decreases, while the surface fractal dimensions increases with the increase in deformation extent. Similar results were obtained from low temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments. However, the surface area measured from SAXS is somehow 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that from low temperature nitrogen adsorption. This is possibly due to the different testing principles followed by these two testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advanced quantitative characterization of seepage pores of deformed coals in Zhongliangshan Southern coalmine, Chongqing, was studied by mico-CT. The results show that the pore diameter of deformed coals is commonly less than 10 μm, but the pores distribution characteristics are different among various types of deformed coals. Pore numbers and areal porosity increase with the intensity of tectonic deformation. For primary-cataclastic coal, the primary pore is the major pore types, and interbreccia pores from angular particles increase in cataclastic coal with stress increasing. For granulated coal, intergranular pores and micro-fractures are well-developed, and mean pore diameter increases. The intense shear failure resulted in the brittle-ductile deformation, including local wrinkle structure and dusty mylonite in flake coal. Coal particles filled in some fractures and pores, which results in the reduction of mean pore diameter. The spatial visualization of pores indicate that porosity, pore surface area, pore volume and the distribution of max connective pores group increases along with stress strengthen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]