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The cold-end system of a nuclear power plant is a key complex node connecting the power generation system with the variable environmental conditions, and its operation, economy, and stability have become the main obstacles to further improving the performance of the first and second circuits. The current research on the interactions between the cold-end system and the thermal cycle of nuclear power mainly adopts the micropower model, while the existing condenser model does not take into account the influence of the turbine exhaust resistance and exhaust flow and other factors on the condenser vacuum change caused by the change in the circulating water flow rate and temperature in determining the optimal vacuum. This ignores the interactions between the equipment and the interconnections between the parameters, which results in the reduction of the model's accuracy. This paper takes a nuclear power unit as an example, adopts the "constant flow calculation" method to calculate the heat balance of the two-loop thermal system of the nuclear power plant, and constructs an integrated simulation model of the reaction environment variables, the cold-end system, and the thermal cycle. Taking the circulating water temperature and flow rate as variables, the errors of the separate condenser model and the coupled model in circulating water parameter changes were obtained under the condition of satisfying the thermal system operation, and the circulating water temperature and flow rate change ranges applied by the separate condenser model were analyzed in order to reduce the amount of calculations when the unit power error was 1%. The results show that the circulating water temperature is 4 °C, the applicable range of the circulating water flow rate is 42 m3/s to the rated flow rate, the applicable range of the circulating water temperature is 20 °C, the applicable range of the circulating water flow rate is 32.12 m3/s to the rated flow rate, the applicable range of the circulating water temperature is 26 °C, the applicable range of the circulating water flow rate is 38.63 m3/s to the rated flow rate, the applicable range of the circulating water temperature is 30 °C, and the applicable range of the circulating water flow rate is 45 m3/s to the rated flow rate. At a circulating water temperature of 26 °C, the applicable range of the circulating water flow is between 38.63 m3/s and the rated flow; at a circulating water temperature of 30 °C, the applicable range of the circulating water flow is between 45.64 m3/s and the rated flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uneven sections along a wall cause local flow deterioration and can result in severe cavitation erosion. This paper investigates the influence of a hemispherical bulge on a flat wall upon the collapse dynamics of a cavitation bubble in terms of the Kelvin impulse theory and high-speed photography based on the Weiss theorem and the image method. The evolution and characteristics of the bubble collapse morphology, the flow field distribution, and the Kelvin impulse (in terms of strength, direction, and directional sensitivity) are analyzed for symmetric and asymmetric configurations. The results show that the bubble collapse jet can be divided into three scenarios: mainly induced by the hemispherical bulge, mainly induced by the flat wall, and broadly equivalent effects of both. Additionally, as the dimensionless distance between the bubble and the flat wall increases, the range of the jet attraction zone induced by the bulge initially increases, subsequently decreases, and ultimately converges to the diameter of the bulge. The maximum width of the attraction zone can reach 3.45 times the radius of the bulge. Finally, the spatial sensitivity of the jet direction is found to be significant near the junction between the flat wall and the bulge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The direct air-cooled power generating units subjected to the environmental natural wind were influenced by the cluster effect of the axial flow fan cluster and the exhaust hot air recirculation simultaneously. The coupling effects would lead to complex variations of fan cooling capacity in different areas of the air-cooled condensers. The divisional regulation experiments were carried out on the axial flow fan cluster of the 2 × 330 MW direct air-cooled power generating units. Based on experimental data, the grey relational analysis approach was applied to obtain the influences of the operating parameters, axial flow fans, as well as environmental conditions on the performances of the objective air-cooled power generating unit quantitatively. The results indicated that the speed and current of axial flow fans in different portions of the fan cluster influenced the back pressure and the coal consumption rate for power supply differently, and the fan speed influenced the performances of the power generating unit more directly than the fan current. The results can be the evidence for taking the divisional regulation of fan cluster against the impact of natural wind on the operating performance of power generating unit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]