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Abstract A series of novel disperse azo dyes containing aromatic hydroxyl group were synthesized by a novel and simple synthetic strategy, in which, the stable solid diazonium salts of weakly basic amines were used to couple with aromatic hydroxyl compounds in alkaline aqueous solution. The experimental procedure was simple and had a high reaction rate and excellent yields. The structures of the dyes were confirmed by HRMS, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Then, the synthesized azo dyes were used for dyeing polyester fabric and gave favorable color fastness that was comparable with that of commercial dyes. Highlights • A series of novel disperse azo dyes containing aromatic hydroxyl group were obtained. • Diazonium salts of weakly basic amines can be used under alkaline conditions. • There is not a large amount of waste inorganic salt and heat in the coupling process. • The dyeing properties of the novel azo dyes on the polyester fabric are favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic social isolation (CSIS) of rats serves as an animal model of depression and generates CSIS-resilient and CSIS-susceptible phenotypes. We aimed to investigate the prefrontal cortical synaptoproteome profile of CSIS-resilient, CSIS-susceptible, and control rats to delineate biochemical pathways and predictive biomarker proteins characteristic for the resilient phenotype. A sucrose preference test was performed to distinguish rat phenotypes. Class separation and machine learning (ML) algorithms support vector machine with greedy forward search and random forest were then used for discriminating CSIS-resilient from CSIS-susceptible and control rats. CSIS-resilient compared to CSIS-susceptible rat proteome analysis revealed, among other proteins, downregulated glycolysis intermediate fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C (Aldoc), and upregulated clathrin heavy chain 1 (Cltc), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (Cam2a), synaptophysin (Syp) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) that are involved in neuronal transmission, synaptic vesicular trafficking, and fatty acid synthesis. Comparison of CSIS-resilient and control rats identified downregulated mitochondrial proteins ATP synthase subunit beta (Atp5f1b) and citrate synthase (Cs), and upregulated protein kinase C gamma type (Prkcg), vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Slc17a7), and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (Sv2a) involved in signal transduction and synaptic trafficking. The combined protein differences make the rat groups linearly separable, and 100% validation accuracy is achieved by standard ML models. ML algorithms resulted in four panels of discriminative proteins. Proteomics-data-driven class separation and ML algorithms can provide a platform for accessing predictive features and insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic neurotransmission involved in stress resilience. [Display omitted] • CSIS induced segregation into stress-susceptible and stress-resilient phenotypes. • CSIS-resilient vs. CSIS-susceptible rats showed downregulation of proteins related to cellular energy metabolism. • CSIS-resilient vs. control rats revealed energy-related and synapse vesicle protein changes. • Machine learning algorithms resulted in four panels of discriminative proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic social isolation (CSIS) generates two stress-related phenotypes: resilience and susceptibility. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CSIS resilience remain unclear. We identified altered proteome components and biochemical pathways and processes in the prefrontal cortex cytosolic fraction in CSIS-resilient rats compared to CSIS-susceptible and control rats using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry followed by label-free quantification and STRING bioinformatics. A sucrose preference test was performed to distinguish rat phenotypes. Potential predictive proteins discriminating between the CSIS-resilient and CSIS-susceptible groups were identified using machine learning (ML) algorithms: support vector machine-based sequential feature selection and random forest-based feature importance scores. Predominantly, decreased levels of some glycolytic enzymes, G protein-coupled receptor proteins, the Ras subfamily of GTPases proteins, and antioxidant proteins were found in the CSIS-resilient vs. CSIS-susceptible groups. Altered levels of Gapdh, microtubular, cytoskeletal, and calcium-binding proteins were identified between the two phenotypes. Increased levels of proteins involved in GABA synthesis, the proteasome system, nitrogen metabolism, and chaperone-mediated protein folding were identified. Predictive proteins make CSIS-resilient vs. CSIS-susceptible groups linearly separable, whereby a 100% validation accuracy was achieved by ML models. The overall ratio of significantly up- and downregulated cytosolic proteins suggests adaptive cellular alterations as part of the stress-coping process specific for the CSIS-resilient phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea is a globally popular drink with many associated health benefits, although tea plants can also accumulate potentially toxic metals from industrial and agricultural contamination of soil and water. This study determined 10 trace elements present in tea leaves and successive tea infusions made using a brewing method widespread in southern China. The levels of aluminium in tea infusions were the highest (range: 32.0–6130 μg/mL), followed by zinc (5.76–92.6 μg/mL), nickel (1.97–17.7 μg/mL), copper (1.49–14.9 μg/mL), cobalt (0.11–1.97 μg/mL), lead (0.02–1.22 μg/mL), chromium (0.10–1.01 μg/mL), selenium (0.04–0.47 μg/mL), arsenic (0.01–0.23 μg/mL), and cadmium (0.001–0.03 μg/mL). Average aluminium concentrations in tea infusions exceeded the Chinese maximum allowance level (MAL) established for drinking water (20 μg/mL). In pairwise comparisons of trace element levels in eight sequential infusions, greater concentrations were found in the 2nd infusion than the last six infusions (p < 0.05). Notably, the analysis showed considerable health risks associated with trace element exposure from drinking all of the first eight infusions of Tieguanyin tea, Hazard Index (HI) = 1.08, and Rock tea (HI =0.94). In addition, potential increases in cancer risks (2.5 × 10-5) associated with total arsenic intake were found among Tieguanyin or Rock tea consumers. Based on these findings, a tea brewing method is recommended which involves multiple successive infusions of 10 s each, discarding the first and second infusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific verification of a traditional tea-making method to reduce trace element exposure. [Display omitted] • Average Al level in tea infusions exceeded the MAL for drinking water. • Decreases in trace element concentrations did not appear until the 3rd infusion. • Drinking Tieguanyin tea may induce considerable risk of trace element exposure. • A brewing method involving short infusion time and a wash procedure was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Polycarboxylic acid Black was applied to dyeing of cotton and acted as wrinkle resistant finishing agent through the bonding between the cotton and the dye. Thermal gravimetry and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to investigate the dyeing mechanism and methods of color stripping, fiber dissolving in cuprammonia and fiber oxidation were employed to indirectly testify the ester linkage of the fiber and the dye. Dyeing properties were examined to show that Polycarboxylic acid Black could realize high fixation, good fastness properties and improved wrinkle resistance on cotton. Also, Polycarboxylic acid Black can be completely utilized by cycle dyeing due to the stability of the dye. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Fluoxetine normalized the behavioral changes induced by chronic social isolation. • Fluoxetine in control rats stimulated mitochondrial energy processes. • Chronic social isolation compromised mitochondrial membrane integrity. • Fluoxetine upregulated the vesicle-mediated transport proteins in isolated rats. Fluoxetine (Flx) is the most commonly used antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. However, its molecular mechanisms of action are not defined as yet. A comparative proteomic approach was used to identify proteome changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) cytosolic and non-synaptic mitochondria (NSM)-enriched fractions of adult male Wistar rats following chronic social isolation (CSIS), a rat model of depression, and Flx treatment in CSIS and control rats, using liquid chromatography online tandem mass spectrometry. Flx reversed CSIS-induced depressive - like behavior according to preference for sucrose and immobility in the forced swim test, indicating its antidepressant effect. Flx treatment in controls led to an increase of the expression of cytosolic proteins involved in the microtubule cytoskeleton and intracellular calcium homeostasis and of enzymes involved in bioenergetic and transmembrane transport in NSM. CSIS downregulated the cytosolic proteins involved in proteasome pathway, and glutathione antioxidative system, and upregulated the expression of enzymes participating in mitochondrial-energy metabolism and transport. The presence of cytochrome c in the cytosol may suggest compromised mitochondrial membrane integrity. Flx treatment in CSIS rats downregulated protein involved in oxidative phosphorylation, such as complex III and manganese superoxide dismutase, and upregulated vesicle-mediated transport and synaptic signaling proteins in the cytosol, and neuronal calcium-binding protein 1 in NSM. Our study identified PFC modulated proteins and affected biochemical pathways that may represent potential markers/targets underlying CSIS-induced depression and effective Flx treatment, and highlights the role of protein systems involved in NSM and various metabolic pathways potentially involved in neuronal plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superparamagnetic materials have elicited increasing interest due to their high-efficiency magnetothermal conversion. However, it is difficult to effectively manage the magnetothermal energy due to the continuous magnetothermal effect at present. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel Fe3O4/PEG/SiO2 composite phase change material (PCM) that can simultaneously realize magnetic-to-thermal conversion and thermal energy management because of outstanding thermal energy storage ability of PCM. The composite was fabricated by in situ doping of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoclusters through a simple sol–gel method. The synthesized Fe3O4/PEG/SiO2 PCM exhibited good thermal stability, high phase change enthalpy, and excellent shape-stabilized property. This study provides an additional promising route for application of the magnetothermal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Associations of polymorphisms in interferon-gamma (IFNG), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) with coronary artery disease (CAD) have already been investigated by many studies, yet the findings of these studies have been somewhat inconsistent. Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to better clarify associations between polymorphisms in IFNG/IL-10/IL-18 and CAD by combing the results of all relevant articles. Methods: Eligible articles were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, and CNKI. We used Review Manager to combine the results of indi-vidual studies. Results: Fifty-one studies were included in this meta-analysis. Combined results revealed that IFNG rs243056, IL-10rs1800871, IL-18rs187238, IL-18rs1946518, and IL-18rs1946519 polymorphisms were all significantly associated with CAD in the general population. We also obtained similar significant results for IFNG rs243056, IL-10rs1800871, IL-10 rs1800896, IL-18rs187238, IL-18rs1946518, and IL-18rs1946519 polymorphisms in Asians in further subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Collectively, this meta-analysis proved that IFNG rs243056, IL-10rs1800871, IL-10 rs1800896, IL-18rs187238, IL-18rs1946518, and IL-18rs1946519 polymorphisms may confer susceptibility to CAD for Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Low cost and high-performance electrode materials are essential for supercapacitor development and applications. Herein, this paper reports a cost-effective and easy-operation method to prepare hierarchical structural heteroatoms-doped carbon/copper oxide/cuprous oxide (CuOx@C) nanocomposites using a calcination process and a hydrothermal treatment. When waste bamboo leaves are converted into carbon materials, the unique hierarchical structures and inherent heteroatoms could be maintained. The hierarchical porous structures allow a short diffusion and facile ion-transfer of electrolyte ions to the active materials during the electrochemical reaction. The copper oxide/cuprous oxide nanoparticles are introduced by hydrolysis of copper ions. By controlling the reaction condition, copper oxide/cuprous oxide nanoparticles are dispersed in the carbon. The hybridization of carbon and metal oxide results in a combination of electrical double-layer capacitance and battery-like capacitance. The obtained CuOx@C composite exhibits an excellent specific capacitance of capacity of 147 F g−1 and a long cyclic life of 93% after 10000 cycles of charge-discharge when it is applied as a material for supercapacitor. This work provides a new approach for fabrication of metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites for application in energy storage. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • CuO/Cu 2 O oxide nanoparticles were hydrothermally synthesized on porous carbon derived from calcined waste bamboo leaves. • The obtained CuOx@C shows 147 F g−1 and maintained 93% after 10000 cycles. • CuO/Cu 2 O/carbon leads to a combination of electrical double-layer capacitance and battery-like capacitance. • This work provides a new approach for fabrication of metal oxide/carbon composites applying to energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to chronic social isolation (CSIS) and synapse dysfunction have been implicated in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Fluoxetine (Flx) has been widely used to treat MDD, but its mechanisms of action remain elusive. We employed comparative synaptoproteomics to investigate the changes in the levels of proteins and molecular signaling pathways in prefrontal cortical samples of adult male Wistar rats exposed to CSIS, a rat model of depression, and CSIS rats treated with chronic Flx and controls, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Flx-treated control rats showed a decreased level of proteins involved in vesicle-mediated transport, and a predominantly increased level of exocytosis-associated proteins. CSIS significantly reduced the level of proteins involved in the ATP metabolic process, clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and proteolysis. Flx treatment in CSIS rats stimulated synaptic vesicle trafficking by increasing the regulation of exo/endocytosis-associated proteins, proteins involved in synaptic plasticity including neurogenesis, Cox5a, mitochondria-associated proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, and ion transport proteins (Slc8a2, Atp1b2). Flx treatment resulted in an increased synaptic vesicle dynamic, plasticity and mitochondrial functionality, and a suppression of CSIS-induced impairment of these processes. Identifying biomarkers of MDD and treatment response is the goal of many studies. Contemporary studies have shown that many molecular alterations associated with the pathophysiology of MDD reside within the synapse. As part of this research, a growing importance is the use of proteomics, as monitoring the changes in protein levels enables the identification of (possible) biochemical pathways and processes of importance for the development of depressive-like behavior and the efficacy of antidepressant treatments. We profiled proteomic changes representative of the development of CSIS-induced depressive-like behavior and the antidepressant effects of Flx. Our study has identified synaptosomal proteins and altered molecular pathways that may be potential markers of prefrontal cortical synaptic dysfunction associated with depressive-like behavior, and further clarified the mechanisms of depressive-like behavior and mode of action of Flx. Our findings indicate potential PFC synaptic targets for antidepressant treatment. [Display omitted] • Flx treatment in controls upregulated exocytosis-associated proteins. • CSIS downregulated mitochondrial bioenergetics, endocytosis, and proteasome system. • Flx in CSIS stimulated vesicle trafficking, plasticity and mitochondrial bioenergetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A latent pigment which was a derivative of C.I. Pigment Yellow 151 was prepared. The conversion from latent pigment to parent pigment was studied and proved by UV and IR spectrum. Its application in PVC coloring was also involved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Air pollution has been a major health concern worldwide, such that there is an urgent need for exposure assessments of human exposure to air pollutants. As children are more active and may experience more exposure events than adults, it is more challenging to conduct exposure assessments for children. To obtain a general understanding of the impact that children's activity, associated with their respiratory rate (IR), has on estimated exposure risks, we adopted a simple model to narrow down children's exposure behaviors to four categories, which integrated children's regular schedules and the indoor–outdoor ratio (r I / O ) of air pollutants. Although outdoor play only occupies approximately 8.6% of the total weekly time, the results indicate that, in general, outdoor play contributes to over 50% of the total exposure to air pollutants when r I / O is less than 0.1, which is due to children's relatively large IR during high-intensity activities. When air pollutants mainly originate from indoor sources (i.e., r I / O = 3.0), indoor sitting (28%) and sleeping (36%) account for the major portion of the total exposure due to the longer exposure duration while outdoor events, including playing, walking, and sitting, account for ~15% of the total exposure. In addition, we applied a ratio function (R M / C ) to compare our simple model to a common basic model, revealing that our simulated results are consistent with the basic model, i.e., 0.94 ≤ R M / C ≤ 1.12 , if the r I / O of air pollutants falls in the range between 0.5 and 1.5. The sensitivity analysis indicates that indoor or outdoor play has a larger impact on the output results than other activity-related variables because of the correspondingly largest IR. We also incorporated weather factors to adjust children's activity schedules for winter and non-winter days showing the change in the contributions of children's activities to total exposure. For example, the contribution differential of outdoor play to the total exposure between winter and non-winter days is ~8% for air pollutants with an r I / O value of 0.1. Although other factors, such as the activity intensity level and concentration of air pollutant in the microenvironment, must be refined in future studies, our simple model can be applied as a convenient approach to arrange children's activity schedules against possible air pollutant exposure. • A simple model is developed to manage children activities against air pollutants. • Adopted simple model to narrow down children's exposure behaviors to four categories. • Our results are consistent with the basic model when 0.5 ≤ r I / O ≤ 1.5. • Outdoor play contributes to >50% of total exposure to air pollutants when r I / O < 0.1. • Convenient approach for children's activity schedules against air pollutant exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The bio-based high-performance engineering plastics poly (aryl ether ketone) are required to be prepared with the threats of increasing shortage of petroleum resources. In this work, a novel green bio-based poly (aryl ether ketone) (PFBEK and PFDEK) based on the bio-based monomer 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid have been successfully synthesized via the nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization. The fossil-base polymers PDBEK and PDDEK were prepared as comparison. The chemical structures of the resins were investigated in detail by 1H NMR and FTIR. WAXD measurements revealed that all the polymers presented amorphous structures. The T g of PFBEK and PFDEK are slightly decline when compared with the corresponding petroleum base resin due to the fractional free volume (FFV) increased by the nonlinear structure of the furan as confirmed by computer simulations. The results of thermal degradation kinetics showed that the thermal stability of the resin decreased when furan replaced phenyl. Nevertheless, the bio-based resins (PFBEK and PFDEK) still exhibited excellent thermal stability. Rheological test revealed that the viscosity of bio-based resins has significantly decreased compared with petroleum base resins. Hence, the new bio-based polymer can be processed at a lower temperature. Besides, the mechanical properties of PFBEK and PFDEK are comparable to the corresponding petroleum-based resins. Moreover, all the polymers showed outstanding solubility in organic solvents, such as NMP, DMAc and so on. Consequently, these two kinds of resins with excellent mechanical properties and processability, which is greener than petroleum base resins, meeting the requirements of sustainable development and can be potential to substitute the petroleum-based resins. Highlights • The partial bio-based poly (aryl ether ketone) resins were synthesized. • Furan ring can increase the free volume fraction of the molecular chain. • The melt viscosity of the resin is reduced when furan is substituted for phenyl. • The thermal stability of the resin is reduced when furan is substituted for phenyl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]