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AISI 1045 steel has the characteristics of high strain rate, large strain, and sharp rise in temperature during high-speed deformation process, resulting in a concentrated deformation band and fine structure. In this work, the microstructure of submicron-sized grains in AISI 1045 steel material formed under 106 s–1 during a high speed cutting process was examined. To reveal the dynamic evolution mechanism of the AISI 1045 microstructure, the continuous dynamic recrystallization theory was introduced. The results show a high dislocation density which favor the formation of small angle grain boundaries during the high speed cutting process. Kinetics calculations that use continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanisms prove that the recrystallization size is constant when the strain rate increases from 10³ s–1 to 106 s–1, and the transition time is reduced from 6×10–5 s to 4×10–8 s. The recrystallization grains were gradually formed during the deformation of the material, not generated after the deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]