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Expanding the pool of stable halide perovskites with attractive optoelectronic properties is crucial to addressing current limitations in their performance as photovoltaic (PV) absorbers. In this article, we demonstrate how a high-throughput density functional theory (DFT) dataset of halide perovskite alloys can be used to train accurate surrogate models for property prediction and subsequently perform inverse design using genetic algorithm (GA). Our dataset consists of decomposition energies, bandgaps, and photovoltaic efficiencies of nearly 800 pure and mixed composition ABX3 compounds from both the GGA-PBE and HSE06 functionals, and are combined with ∼100 experimental data points collected from the literature. Multi-fidelity random forest regression models are trained on the DFT + experimental dataset for each property using descriptors that one-hot encode composition, phase, and fidelity, and additionally include well-known elemental or molecular properties of species at the A, B, and X sites. Rigorously optimized models are deployed for experiment-level prediction over >150 000 hypothetical compounds, leading to thousands of promising materials with low decomposition energy, band gap between 1 and 2 eV, and efficiency of >15%. Surrogate models are further combined with GA using an objective function to maintain chemical feasibility, minimize decomposition energy, maximize PV efficiency, and keep bandgap between 1 and 2 eV; thus, hundreds more optimal compositions and phases are discovered. We present an analysis of the screened and inverse-designed materials, visualize ternary phase diagrams generated for many systems of interest using machine learning predictions, and suggest strategies for further improvement and expansion in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9-x Ga x O 2-δ (x = 0, 0.04,0.07, 0.12) are synthesized via the citric acid-EDTA combustion method as an electrolyte material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. XRD and Rietveld refinement revealed that the material exhibits a single-phase cubic fluorite structure. SEM and EDS analyses demonstrated that the incorporation of Ga ions improved the sample's density, increased the grain size, and provided better element dispersion. XPS analysis confirms that Ga-Gd co-doping leads to increased oxygen vacancy concentration and modifies the oxidation states of Ce. Impedance spectroscopy results indicated that Ga-Gd co-doped ceria has higher ionic conductivity and lower activation energy compared to Gd single-doped ceria. In comparison to Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 , the best-performing Gd 0.1 Ce 0.83 Ga 0.07 O 2-δ achieved nearly a 26-fold increase in ionic conductivity and a 66 % reduction in activation energy. The clearance coefficient of Gd 0.1 Ce 0.83 Ga 0.07 O 2-δ reached 100.95, while the blocking factor decreased by nearly 73 % compared to Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95. The incorporation of Ga ions led to a nearly one order of magnitude reduction in the dissipation of oxygen vacancy concentration in the space charge layer, with the potential decreasing from 0.3971V (Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95) to 0.3117V (Gd 0.1 Ce 0.83 Ga 0.07 O 2-δ). Dielectric studies clarified the contribution of the Gd-Ga synergistic effect on interfacial polarization. In terms of single-cell performance, the NiO-GDC| Gd 0.1 Ce 0.83 Ga 0.07 O 2-δ |LSCF cell exhibited higher power density and current density, particularly showing a 42.9 % performance improvement at 650 °C compared to NiO-GDC|Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 |LSCF. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the incorporation of Ga ions effectively suppresses the electronic conductivity of CeO 2 and significantly reduces the formation energy, binding energy, and migration barrier of oxygen vacancies. Therefore, Ga-Gd co-doping can be regarded as an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of ceria-based electrolytes in IT-SOFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the domain of artificial intelligence has advanced, the integration of deep learning techniques into terrain and landform analysis has become more prevalent. Nevertheless, many existing methods are fully supervised and designed for specific tasks; thus, their transferability is limited and massive annotated samples are required. This study introduces a geomorphic pretrained model (GeomorPM) capable of performing multiple tasks. First, an architecture was designed that combined a convolution-based Vector Quantised-Variational Autoencoder (VQVAE) with a Transformer-based masked autoencoder (MAE) framework, allowing it to autonomously learn local details and global patterns from large-scale digital elevation model (DEM) data. Subsequently, GeomorPM, based on the VQMAE architecture, was pretrained on massive DEM data and fine-tuned for three specific tasks: DEM void filling, DEM superresolution, and landform classification. GeomorPM outperformed the traditional and other deep learning methods in all three tasks, demonstrating the superior learning ability and transferability of the model. This study provides a practical framework for developing pretrained models based on DEMs that can be expanded to other continuous geoscientific data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a model that parsimoniously captures evidence on status quo bias, the reference effect and choice overload. Choice overload is behaviorally defined as an increase in intensity of status quo bias when the menu enlarges. Our decision maker follows a two-step procedure by first limiting consideration to the alternatives that weakly dominate the status quo according to a menu-dependent list of attributes, and then maximizing preference over this subset with tie breaking in favor of the status quo. Choice overload is generated by the key feature that the list of attributes is increasing in menu size. An axiomatic characterization and three applications are provided. In particular, a policy maker has to nudge the agent through a series of small changes in her choice problems. An incumbent firm can deter entry by exploiting choice overload, while an entrant firm can introduce new product more efficiently using information on attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a lack of biomarkers of clinically important diets, such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. Objectives: Our study explored serum metabolites associated with adherence to the MIND diet. Methods: In 3,908 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants, we calculated a modified MIND diet score based on a 66-item self-reported food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The modified score did not include berries and olive oil, as these items were not assessed in the FFQ. We used multivariable linear regression models in 2 subgroups of ARIC study participants and meta-analyzed results using fixed effects regression to identify significant metabolites after Bonferroni correction. We also examined associations between these metabolites and food components of the modified MIND diet. C-statistics evaluated the prediction of high modified MIND diet adherence using significant metabolites beyond participant characteristics. Results: Of 360 metabolites analyzed, 27 metabolites (15 positive, 12 negative) were significantly associated with the modified MIND diet score (lipids, n = 13; amino acids, n = 5; xenobiotics, n = 3; cofactors and vitamins, n = 3; carbohydrates n = 2; nucleotide n = 1). The top 4 metabolites that improved the prediction of high dietary adherence to the modified MIND diet were 7-methylxanthine, theobromine, docosahexaenoate (DHA), and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF). Conclusion: Twenty-seven metabolomic markers were correlated with the modified MIND diet. The biomarkers, if further validated, could be useful to objectively assess adherence to the MIND diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were mixed results about the relationship between parental educational aspirations and students’ academic achievement. Parental educational aspirations, expectations and aspiration-expectation gap have internal association. To gain deeper insights about them, the present study aimed to explore the effects of parental educational aspirations, expectations and their gap on students’ academic achievement, controlling potential confounding factors. A total of 3448 students (52.78% boys, Mage = 12.53 years) from 79 schools were selected using the whole class sampling method. Hierarchical linear models were employed for data analysis. The results showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between parental educational aspirations and academic achievement. Students’ academic achievement had a positive linear relationship with parental educational expectations, and a negative linear relationship with the aspiration-expectation gap. These findings indicate that parental educational aspirations are positively associated with academic achievement, but this relationship turns negative when parents aspire for their children to achieve beyond a bachelor degree. The current study provides new understandings regarding the relations among parental educational aspirations, expectations and aspiration-expectation gap, and their effects on children’s academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Ge4+ was incorporated into the ceramic matrix of nickel-based anode materials, synthesizing anode materials NiO-Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9-x Ge x O 1.95 (x = 0.01, 0.04, 0.07) and NiO-Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2–δ. Corresponding anode support samples were also prepared, designated as A-C GDC , A-C 1Ge , A-C 4Ge , and A-C 7Ge. Additionally, single cell samples using the newly co-doped anode materials were prepared, identified as C-C GDC , C-C 1Ge , C-C 4Ge , and C-C 7Ge. The research indicates that after doping the ceramic phase framework with Ge4+, these composite anode materials exhibit the potential to withstand more redox cycles than C-CGDC without catastrophic mechanical structural damage or degradation in electrochemical performance. Particularly, after incorporating 7mol% Ge4+ into the ceramic backbone, the issue of 86 % strain accumulation in the anode support was mitigated. Additionally, the ion doping ratio is closely linked to the stability of the single cell samples, with the A-C 7Ge sample able to withstand up to 11 extreme recycling sessions at 700 °C without complete structural failure, improving structural stability by approximately 57 % compared to A-C 1Ge. In terms of electrochemical output performance, the impedance of C-C 1Ge prior to complete failure was nearly double that before oxidation-reduction, with a maximum power density reduction of about 26.47 %. As the co-doping concentration in the ceramic phase reached 7mol%, the impedance increase during single cell cycle testing was about four times smaller, with C-C 7Ge 's impedance before mechanical failure only 37 % higher than before cycling, and a reduction in maximum power density of just 11.11 %. Moreover, during consecutive cycling tests, the average damage to the open-circuit voltage was only 0.02V, showing almost no negative impact from the cycling operations, and it maintained efficient output performance after multiple cycles. Therefore, the newly synthesized nickel-based anode materials, modified via co-doping methods within the ceramic phase, can be considered as potential composite anode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting CO2 into high‐value chemical fuels through green photoelectrocatalytic reaction path is considered as a potential strategy to solve energy and environmental problems. In this work, BiVO4/ZIF‐8 heterojunctions are prepared by in‐situ synthesis of ZIF‐8 nanocrystals with unique pore structure on the surface of BiVO4. The experimental results show that the silkworm pupa‐like BiVO4 is successfully combined with porous ZIF‐8, and the introduction of ZIF‐8 can provide more sites for CO2 capture. The optimal composite ratio of 4 : 1‐BiVO4/ZIF‐8 exhibits excellent CO2 reduction activity and the lowest electrochemical transport resistance. In the electrocatalytic system, the formate Faraday efficiency of 4 : 1‐BiVO4/ZIF‐8 at −1.0 V vs. RHE is 82.60 %. Furthermore, in the photoelectrocatalytic system, the Faraday efficiency increases to 91.24 % at −0.9 V vs. RHE, which is 10.8 times higher than the pristine BiVO4. The results show that photoelectric synergism can not only reduce energy consumption, but also improve the Faraday efficiency of formate. In addition, the current density did not decrease during 34 h electrolysis, showing long‐term stability. This work highlights the importance of the construction of heterojunction to improve the performance of photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphdiyne (GDY) as an emerging carbon allotrope with abundant acetylenic linkages, has been proven to be an excellent substrate and electron transport material for improving the photocatalytic activity. In this work, an S-scheme GDY/NiS/ZnCdS (GDY/NiS/ZCS) heterojunction with GDY as an electron bridge was synthesized using a simple mixing method. GDY nanosheets serve as an effective electron bridge to accelerate electron transfer between NiS and ZnCdS. ZnCdS and NiS form an S-Scheme heterojunction due to the alignment of their conduction bands. Benefitted from the difference in Fermi levels between the NiS and ZnCdS induces band bending, thereby creating an internal electric field on the interface of NiS/ZnCdS S-Scheme heterojunction. The S-Scheme charge transfer mechanism of GDY/NiS/ZCS heterojunction was strongly confirmed by in situ irradiated XPS. Photogenerated charge carriers can be carried along a more advantageous S-Scheme pathway with the help of the synergistic impact of internal electric field and GDY electron bridge, hence greatly increasing the photocatalytic activity. A maximum hydrogen evolution rate of 32.1 mmol g−1 h−1 was attained over 1.5 wt %GDY/NiS/ZCS with exceptional stability, which is 2.84 times greater than NiS/ZCS and 5.26 times higher than pure ZnCdS. This work provides a new perspective on employing GDY as an electron bridge for constructing S-Scheme heterojunction with internal electric fields to improve photocatalytic performance. • An S-scheme GDY/NiS/ZnCdS heterojunction with GDY as an electron bridge was synthesized. • Gradhdiyne as an electronic bridge to facilitate elentron transfer. • Graphdiyne can absorb a wider spectral range and enhance the light absorption ability. • The introduction of built-in electric fields helps to accelerate the transfer rate. • 1.5 wt %GDY/NiS/ZCS has the maximum H 2 evolution rate and exceptional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demolition issue of long-span spatial lattice structures has become increasingly prominent with the rapid urban development and building upgrades. Building deconstruction offers superior economic and environmental benefits compared to traditional demolition and therefore should be further promoted and applied. Dismantling in blocks is an efficient approach for deconstruction of long-span spatial lattice structures, surpassing the practice of dismantling individual components one by one. However, dividing the entire structure into substructures considering the convenience and safety of dismantling operations is the first challenge of dismantling in blocks yet to be overcome. In this study, a block planning method was proposed to aid practitioners in making high-quality block schemes. The topological relation of spatial grids defined by the adjacency matrix is the basis. The comprehensive evaluation index was established reflecting the operability, efficiency, and safety of the block scheme. Taking the combination of spatial grids as the variable and the comprehensive evaluation index combined with constraint functions as the objective, the block planning was formulated as an optimization problem. The genetic algorithm was adopted to solve this problem, and two examples were presented for verification. Results confirmed that the proposed block planning method is effective to generate the high-quality block scheme that meets topology, quantity, and lifting weight requirements and has great synthetical performance. The consideration of structural symmetry can accelerate the optimization process. The zoning planning strategy provides a tool for practitioners to make the block scheme that meets the lifting weight requirements of different zones when the crane's lifting capacity is limited by operating space. The proposed block planning method will enrich the construction management technologies of dismantling projects and help engineers make efficient and wise decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frazil floc sizes and concentrations have been investigated in a small number of laboratory studies, but no detailed field measurements have been reported previously. In this study, a submersible camera system was deployed a total of 11 times during the principal and residual supercooling phases in the North Saskatchewan, Peace, and Kananaskis rivers to capture time-series images of frazil ice particles and flocs. Images were processed to accurately identify flocs and to calculate their sizes and concentrations. Key hydraulic and meteorological measurements were collected, and air–water heat fluxes were estimated to investigate their influence on floc properties. A lognormal distribution was found to be a good fit for the floc size distribution. The mean floc size ranged from 1.19 to 5.64 mm and the overall mean floc size was 3.80 mm. The mean floc size decreased linearly as the local Reynolds number increased. The average floc number concentration ranged from 1.80×10-4 to 1.15×10-1 cm -3. The average floc volumetric concentration ranged from 2.05×10-7 to 4.56×10-3 and was found to correlate strongly with the fractional height above the river bed. No significant correlations were found between the air–water heat flux and floc properties. Time series analysis showed that during the principal supercooling phase, floc number concentration and mean size increased significantly just prior to peak supercooling and reached a maximum near the end of principal supercooling. During the residual supercooling phase, the mean floc size did not typically vary significantly even 2.5 h after the residual phase had ended and the water temperature had increased above 0 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the creep behavior, damage evolution, and failure probability of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with three different flow channel geometries—rectangular, round trapezoidal, and arched—under non-uniform temperature conditions over a 60,000 h operational period. A strain-based creep damage and failure probability model was developed to analyze the stress-strain distribution, creep damage evolution, and failure probability development inside the SOFC components. Results indicate a significant influence of SOFC channel geometry on stress relaxation. The three channel SOFC, rectangular, round trapezoidal, and arched, reach the damage threshold after 57,062 h, 43,577 h, and 49,560 h of operation, respectively, with crack initiation occurring near the inlet and outlet of the upper interconnector. The anode material exhibited the highest probability of failure, increasing by 116.3% and 36.4% for the transition from rectangular to round trapezoidal and arch-shaped gas channels, respectively. This study underscores the advantages of SOFC with rectangular channels in terms of mechanical stability and longevity, providing crucial insights for optimizing SOFC design and enhancing commercial viability. • Derivation of the non uniform temperature fields of different channel SOFCs. • Comparison of vulnerable locations in different channel SOFC components. • Evolution of creep damage in different channel SOFCs during 60 000 h of operation. • Study on the failure probability of different channel SOFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerating inflamed bone defects represents a severe clinical challenge due to the undesirable inflammatory microenvironment. The inflammatory stimulus poses a weighty threat to the regenerative capacity of endogenously derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are mainly responsible for osteogenic differentiation, thereby resulting in compromised endogenous bone formation. Consequently, alleviating the biological characteristics of inflammatory-impaired MSCs is crucial for promoting inflamed bone regeneration. Nano-sized small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic tools to orchestrate MSCs fate due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and encapsulated bioactive contents. In the present study, we extracted sEVs from youthful and adult dental pulp MSCs and explored their ability to recover inflammation-compromised periodontal ligament stem cells (IPDLSCs). The results indicated that both types of sEVs were capable of facilitating IPDLSCs osteogenesis. However, young sEVs exhibited a more robust potential at a lower concentration compared to adult sEVs. Mechanically, young sEVs enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) via delivering the protein Biglycan, which correspondingly promoted the osteogenic capability of IPDLSCs. Collectively, our findings emphasized that young sEVs hold enormous potential to rescue the inherent function and regenerative competence of inflammation-impaired MSCs, shedding light on their promising therapeutic prospects for infected bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited success of current targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer underscores an urgent demand for novel treatment modalities. The challenge in mitigating this malignancy can be attributed to the digestive organ expansion factor (DEF), a pivotal yet underexplored factor in pancreatic tumorigenesis. The study uses a blend of in vitro and in vivo approaches, complemented by the theoretical analyses, to propose DEF as a promising anti‐tumor target. Analysis of clinical samples reveals that high expression of DEF is correlated with diminished survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Crucially, the depletion of DEF significantly impedes tumor growth. The study further discovers that DEF binds to p65, shielding it from degradation mediated by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in cancer cells. Based on these findings and computational approaches, the study formulates a DEF‐mimicking peptide, peptide‐031, designed to disrupt the DEF‐p65 interaction. The effectiveness of peptide‐031 in inhibiting tumor proliferation has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. This study unveils the oncogenic role of DEF while highlighting its prognostic value and therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer. In addition, peptide‐031 is a promising therapeutic agent with potent anti‐tumor effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep disorders are widespread. Inhaled aromatherapy has shown advantages over medication in treating insomnia. Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) has been found to positively affect sleep either by ingestion or inhalation, but there is a lack of research on the sleep aid effect of its inhalation route. At present, the floral scent characteristics of daylily are not obvious, and the extraction rate of essential oil is low. Based on the above problems, this study developed daylily essence which replicates the natural aroma of plants and investigated the effect of inhaling daylily essence aroma on sleep activity by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and electroencephalogram (EEG). According to PSQI results, inhaling the aroma of daylily essence improved participants' subjective sleep quality. The difference between men and women was statistically significant (p <.05). The slow‐wave sleep activity of EEG in the experimental group was significantly stronger than that in the control group (p <.01). In addition, the frontal and central regions were more responsive to aroma stimuli (p <.05). The results of this study show that the aroma of daylily can promote the subjective and objective sleep quality of healthy college students, and the use of fragrance intervention is a potential scheme to improve sleep quality and insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic contamination has become a serious problem. As a category of catalysts, single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit efficient capabilities in antibiotic degradation. SACs can serve as catalysts to improve the efficiency of antibiotic degradation, thus reducing the efficacy of antibiotics. Among various SACs, nickel (Ni)- and copper (Cu)-based SACs present their unique advantages. The Ni-based SAC is characterized by good catalytic activity, high mechanical strength, and favorable thermal conductivity; the Cu-based SAC features a stable structure, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and excellent thermal stability. These SACs (Ni/Cu-based SACs) and their complexes can fulfill functions in antibiotic degradation through the integration of their advantages. However, it is prone to generating more toxic intermediate products during the degradation of antibiotics, which may result in secondary pollution, thus blocking their industrial application. Therefore, developing new catalytic materials and modifying degradation pathways become important concerns. This article further predicts the application trend of SACs in the field of antibiotics and analyzes the problems in the degradation of antibiotics by SACs. These findings are expected to provide reference for the further degradation of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroforestry systems can fully exploit the ecological benefits of an ecosystem's component plants, and improve the ecological environment, soil quality, and land use efficiency, all of which have recently attracted the attention of many scholars. Southwest China's karst graben basins have barren soil that needs immediate improvement. The karst graben basin in southwest China was used for this study to examine the impacts of several forest–grass composite systems of Bingtang orange–alfalfa–ryegrass on soil improvement, which is located in Jianshui County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The experiment had four treatments, Bingtang orange–alfalfa sowing (B2), Bingtang orange–ryegrass × alfalfa mixed sowing (A), Bingtang orange–ryegrass × alfalfa intercropping (R), and Bingtang orange monocropping (CK). The results showed that different forest–grass composite patterns had noticeable effects on improving the soil's organic carbon (SOC), total nutrients, and available nutrients, especially in the rainy season when plants grew vigorously. Forage grass intercropping under forest exerted the best effect on soil improvement in the surface layer, and the effect decreased with the increase in soil depth. Alfalfa intercropping under Bingtang orange forest had the strongest effect on improving SOC, total N, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen, whose content increased by 30.7%, 27.3%, 35%, and 36.3%, respectively, in the dry season and 38%, 46.7%, 48.7%, and 55.3%, in the rainy season. However, the effect of alfalfa–ryegrass intercropping under the Bingtang orange forest on soil total P, total K, and available P was better than that of the Bingtang orange–alfalfa intercropping system. The C:N ratio is more suitable in the Bingtang orange–ryegrass-alfalfa composite system. Forage grass intercropping under the Bingtang orange forest effectively improved the soil NPK and C status, and the results of this study provided a basis for the selection of forest–grass composite patterns for soil improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an autoimmune disease, up to 73% of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have a combination of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (EHAIDs); however, the causal relationship between PBC and EHAIDs is unclear. The genome-wide association analyses provided 14 GWAS data for PBC and EHAIDs, and bidirectional, two-sample MR analyses were performed to examine the relationship between PBC and EHAIDs. The analysis using MR provides a strong and meaningful estimation of the bidirectional correlation between PBC and 7 EHAIDs: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, autoimmune hypothyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis of its types. In addition, PBC increases the risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases such as autoimmune hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease, as well as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Additionally, PBC is identified as a risk factor for Crohn's disease and Celiac disease. Based on genetic evidence, there may be connections between PBC and specific EHAIDs: not all coexisting EHAIDs induce PBC, and vice versa. This underscores the significance of prioritizing PBC in clinical practice. Additionally, if any liver function abnormalities are observed during treatment or with EHAIDs, it is crucial to consider the possibility of comorbid PBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the adaptive event-triggered neural network controller design problem is investigated for a class of state-constrained pure-feedback fractional-order nonlinear systems (FONSs) with external disturbances, unknown actuator saturation, and input delay. An auxiliary compensation function based on the integral function of the input signal is presented to handle input delay. The barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is utilized to deal with state constraints, and the event-triggered strategy is applied to overcome the communication burden from the limited communication resources. By the utilization of a backstepping scheme and radial basis function neural network, an adaptive event-triggered neural state-feedback stabilization controller is constructed, in which the fractional-order dynamic surface filters are employed to reduce the computational burden from the recursive procedure. It is proven that with the fractional-order Lyapunov analysis, all the solutions of the closed-loop system are bounded, and the tracking error can converge to a small interval around the zero, while the state constraint is satisfied and the Zeno behavior can be strictly ruled out. Two examples are finally given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, hydrogels had a wide range of applications in wearable devices, human health monitoring, or implantable sensors because of their good properties such as stretchability, conductivity, frost resistance, and transparency. However, the simultaneous integration of excellent mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity in a hydrogel sample still needs to be improved. In this work, silk fibroin (SF) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were introduced into a poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic amide) (PVA/PAM) double-network hydrogel to prepare PVA/PAM/SF/PEDOT:PSS hydrogel electrolytes via a one-pot method. Adding SF also enhances the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, making it three times stronger than the PVA/PAM double-network hydrogel. The hydrogel is versatile, with a strain range of 1–300%, making it an ideal resistive sensor for monitoring body pressure. More importantly, due to the hydrogel's adhesion strength of approximately 665.8 kPa, the hydrogel can adhere to other surfaces during the detection process, significantly reducing the signal loss due to insufficient adhesion. In addition, the hydrogel also exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, can sensitively detect human limb movement, and can be applied to flexible electronic products such as electronic skin and soft robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomophobia is the fear feeling unable to communicate via mobile phone or the Internet, which is very common in the technical world. The study aimed to explore the effect of neuroticism on nomophobia among Chinese college students, and the chain mediating effect of attachment and loneliness. One thousand two hundred and twenty-eight Chinese college students were surveyed using the Revised Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), Solitude Behavior Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory (ECR), and Nomophobia Questionnaire, all in Chinese version. Results showed that (1) neuroticism, loneliness, attachment anxiety, and nomophobia were positively correlated with each other. Attachment avoidance was not significantly correlated with neuroticism, loneliness, and nomophobia. (2) Neuroticism directly positively predicted nomophobia. (3) Attachment anxiety and loneliness sequentially played a chain intermediary role in the relationship between neuroticism and nomophobia. (4) At different levels of attachment avoidance, the chain mediating models had differences in the subdimension of nomophobia—losing Internet connection (especially social media). In conclusion, the study revealed that attachment and loneliness played a chain mediating role between neuroticism and nomophobia, providing empirical evidence for future researches and interventions among the college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single atom catalyst (SAC) nickel (Ni) combined with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) was prepared following two simple hydrothermal methods. The composite material (Ni-SA/CN) was doped with g-C 3 N 4 in the polyhedral solid block of SAC Ni. Prominent peaks at 37.3, 43.3, and 62.9° in the X-ray diffraction profiles were observed, and Ni-SA/CN was formed by the mutual doping of bulk SAC Ni and g-C 3 N 4. The peaks corresponding to Cl 2p (198.74 eV), C 1s (284.66 eV), O 1s (532.73 eV), Ni 2p (855.91 eV), and N 1s (399.19 eV) were observed. The Ni-SA/CN3 system exhibited optimal electrochemical performance when the Ni content was 0.015 mol, and the maximum power density was recorded to be 430 mW/m2 when Ni-SA/CN3 was used as the microbial fuel cell (MFC) cathode. Ni-SA/CN3 demonstrated favorable surface characteristics, high activity, and high catalytic activity for MFCs. [Display omitted] • The composites Ni-SA/CN was successfully prepared by a simple water bath method. • The perfect surface structure and chemical stability were embodied in Ni-SA/CN. • The maximum power density of Ni-SA/CN3-MFC was 430 mW/m2. • The use of Ni-SA/CN3 as a cathode catalyst improved the power output performance of MFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to examine the reciprocal associations among social–emotional competence (SEC), interpersonal relationships (including teacher–student relationships and peer relationships) and academic achievements in reading, mathematics and science of primary school students. The Chinese versions of the Delaware Social and Emotional Competency Scale, Teacher–student Relationship Scale, Peer-nomination method and Academic Achievement Tests were used to measure students' SEC, teacher–student relationships, peer relationships (including social preference (SP) and social impact (SI)) and academic achievements, respectively. In total, 3995 fourth-grade students participated in the first survey, and 2789 of them were tracked in the follow-up survey two years later. Structural equation modelling was employed to investigate the cross-lagged relationships among the variables across time. The results showed the reciprocal associations between SEC with academic achievements and teacher–student relationships, as well as between academic achievements with SP and teacher–student relationships. Moreover, variations in these reciprocal associations were observed across the subjects of reading, mathematics and science. In summary, this study offers new insights for enhancing students' SEC, interpersonal relationships and academic achievements, and implications for future subject-specific education can be derived by considering the complex interplay in the subjects of reading, mathematics and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family members are plant-specific transcriptional factors, which function in meristem maintenance, embryogenesis, lateral organ development, as well as abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, 14 MsWOX transcription factors were identified and comprehensively analyzed in the cultivated alfalfa cv. Zhongmu No.1. Overall, 14 putative MsWOX members containing conserved structural regions were clustered into three clades according to phylogenetic analysis. Specific expression patterns of MsWOXs in different tissues at different levels indicated that the MsWOX genes play various roles in alfalfa. MsWUS, MsWOX3, MsWOX9, and MsWOX13-1 from the three subclades were localized in the nucleus, among which, MsWUS and MsWOX13-1 exhibited strong self-activations in yeast. In addition, various cis-acting elements related to hormone responses, plant growth, and stress responses were identified in the 3.0 kb promoter regions of MsWOXs. Expression detection of separated shoots and roots under hormones including auxin, cytokinin, GA, and ABA, as well as drought and cold stresses, showed that MsWOX genes respond to different hormones and abiotic stress treatments. Furthermore, transcript abundance of MsWOX3, and MsWOX13-2 were significantly increased after rhizobia inoculation. This study presented comprehensive data on MsWOX transcription factors and provided valuable insights into further studies of their roles in developmental processes and abiotic stress responses in alfalfa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context β-Carotene, which is derived from most fruits and vegetables, is the most common type of carotenes. Existing studies have demonstrated that β-carotene is associated with some positive health outcomes. However, results about the effects of supplemental β-carotene on cancer are inconsistent. Objective To determine the association between supplemental β-carotene intake and the risk of cancers. Data sources Eight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) were systematically searched until September 2022. Data extraction Only reports from randomized controlled trials in which an association between supplemental β-carotene intake and the risk of cancer was found were included in the meta-analysis. Data analysis A total of 18 eligible studies based on 8 different randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, with varying sample sizes from 391 to 39 876 participants. There was no significant association between supplemental β-carotene intake and overall cancer incidence rate after synthesizing all the results (risk ratio [RR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.05). Results from subgroup analysis indicated that intake of supplemental β-carotene significantly increased the risk of lung cancer (RR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.08–1.32), whereas no significant associations were observed for other site-specific cancers. In addition, smokers and the subgroup of participants with only low-dose β-carotene intake had a risk increment of cancer if they took supplemental β-carotene (RR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.05–1.29). Conclusion β-Carotene supplementation has no beneficial or harmful effect on cancer incidence; moreover, it might have potentially harmful effects on lung cancer, especially for people who smoke. On the basis of the evidence from this study, supplemental intake of β-carotene is not recommended for preventing cancer, and the establishment of a tolerable upper intake level of β-carotene should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) could greatly improve the power generation and degradation performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MOFs and their compound derivatives played key role in cathode, anode and proton exchange membrane of MFCs, which greatly promoted the power generation of MFC and the degradation efficiency of various pollutants. However, MOFs were still possessed some defects, such as complex synthesis process, difficult regulation, instability, etc. Moreover, the application of MFC was limited in low power density, system internal resistance, microbial consumption, etc. Which further limited the degradation of pollutants by MFC. The existing problems and various improvement schemes of MOFs for MFCs were further summarized, which would provide references for promoting the application of MOFs materials in MFC system. It was expected to enhance the application of MOFs materials and promote the performance of MFC. • The types, design and synthesis methods of MOFs and their complex were summarized. • The research progress of MOFs compound in MFC degradation was reviewed. • The research trend of MOFs composites in MFC degradation was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, deep learning-based methods have shown commendable performance for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Many works focus on designing independent spectral and spatial branches and then fusing the output features from two branches for category prediction. In this way, the correlation that exists between spectral and spatial information is not completely explored, and spectral information extracted from one branch is always not sufficient. Some studies also try to directly extract spectral-spatial features using 3D convolutions but are accompanied by the severe over-smoothing phenomenon and poor representation ability of spectral signatures. Unlike the above-mentioned approaches, in this paper, we propose a novel online spectral information compensation network (OSICN) for HSI classification, which consists of a candidate spectral vector mechanism, progressive filling process, and multi-branch network. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to online supplement spectral information into the network when spatial features are extracted. The proposed OSICN makes the spectral information participate in network learning in advance to guide spatial information extraction, which truly processes spectral and spatial features in HSI as a whole. Accordingly, OSICN is more reasonable and more effective for complex HSI data. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach has more outstanding classification performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods, even with a limited number of training samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing 3D objects based on local feature descriptors, in point cloud scenes with occlusion and clutter, is a very challenging task. Most existing 3D local feature descriptors rely on normal information to encode local features, however, they ignore the normal-sign-ambiguity issue, which greatly limits their descriptiveness and robustness. This paper proposes a method called VOxelization in Invariant Distance space for 3D object recognition. First, we propose a VOID descriptor that is invariant to normal-sign-ambiguity, and is also rotation-invariant, distinctive, robust, and efficient. Second, a VOID-based 3D object recognition method considering the self-similarity between local features is proposed to enhance the recognition performance. Five standard datasets are employed to validate our proposed method as well as comparison with the state-of-the-arts. The results suggest that: (1) VOID descriptor is invariant to normal-sign-ambiguity, distinctive, and robust; (2) VOID-based 3D object recognition achieves outstanding recognition performance, i.e., 99.47%, 93.07% and 99.18%, on the U3OR, Queen's and Ca' Foscari Venezia datasets, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraffin-based phase change materials (PPCMs) have been recognized as a potential tool to regulate soil temperature and reduce the freeze–thaw impact on soil. However, as a new filling material for geotechnical structures, such as dam core walls, the engineering applicability of PPCM-mixed soil (PS) needs to be further studied. In this paper, the influences of PPCM on the soil engineering properties (i.e., compaction characteristics, consolidation properties, mechanical behaviors, and permeability) and the PPCM leakage behavior were studied through a series of laboratory experiments. The results showed that the addition of PPCM results in an obvious decrease in the maximum dry density and optimum water content, a slight change in the compression coefficient, a significant reduction of the plasticity and cohesion, and an enhancement of the friction angle and impermeability. In addition, the PPCM in PS specimens will leak under the constant hydraulic gradient or vacuum saturation, and the leaked mass is positively related to the initial PPCM content. The PS specimens after 64-day seepage will still have a good impermeability. This paper is an important prerequisite for the practical applications of PS and provides a basis for its performance improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Reduction smelting process has excellent feedstock adaptability. • LCO, LFP, LMO and NCM can be recovered by reduction smelting process. • The distribution characteristics and existence form of target elements were defined. The high-temperature smelting process based on pyrometallurgy is influential in the field of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) on an industrial scale. However, there are a variety of cathode materials for spent LIBs. The applicability of the high-temperature smelting process to different kinds of cathode materials has not been reported. In this work, the applicability of the reduction smelting process to four different cathode materials is studied. The phase transition, distribution and existence of target elements and the characteristics of the smelting products when different cathode materials are used as raw materials are systematically discussed. The results show that the reduction smelting process can recover the four different cathode materials (LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2) of spent LIBs. The reduction smelting process is also suitable for complex feedstocks containing the four cathode materials. The target elements Co, Cu, Ni, Fe and P are transferred to the alloy. The target elements Li and Mn volatilize into the gas phase. In addition, the future application of the reduction smelting process on an industrial scale is discussed and proposed. This study reveals the excellent applicability of the reduction smelting process to different LIB cathode materials and provides support for the development of a high-temperature smelting process based on pyrometallurgy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst reservoirs have always been a key field of oil and gas exploration. However, quantifying the process of meteoric transformation remains a persistent challenge that limits the accuracy of reservoir quality prediction. To explore the controlling factors of meteoric cementation on karst reservoirs, the Majiagou Formation of the Ordos Basin in China was selected as an example. The petrology; carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes; and in situ major, trace, and rare earth elements were used, types and origins of calcite cements were analyzed in detail. The results revealed five types of calcite cements (Cal-1~Cal-5), four types of cathodoluminescence (CL) intensities (dull, dull red, deep red, and bright red luminescence), and six types of rare earth element patterns (Pattern-1~Pattern-6). These five types of calcite cements developed in three periods. Cal-1 (transition CL) and Cal-2 (dull CL) were precipitated during the Early Pennsylvanian period, the meteoric freshwater was clean; Cal-3 (transition CL) and Cal-4 (bright red CL) were precipitated at the end of the Late Carboniferous period, the fluids had strong dissolution ability and were polluted by terrigenous debris; Cal-5 (transition CL) was deposited during the burial period, the fluid was pure pore water or groundwater. The control of the cement on the reservoir during the burial period was much weaker than that of meteoric cements. Therefore, explorations of karst reservoirs should be focused on weak cementation during the epigenetic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a self‐enhanced plasma brush based on a single dielectric barrier discharge was developed by optimizing the load position for treatment in dermatology. The electrical, optical, and temperature characteristics of the fabricated reactor were investigated. Results show that the length and the width of the plasma brush could reach 20 and 15 mm, respectively. The electric field and the resulting discharge between the reactor and the human impedance model were enhanced and the discharging resistance decreased when introducing a human load. The plume temperature is around 24°C and the current flowing through the human model is lower than the threshold of perception current, which is friendly for human contact. The sterilization effects are verified by killing Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to rich spectral and spatial information, hyperspectral image (HSI) can be utilized for finely classifying different land covers. With the emergence of deep learning techniques, convolutional neural network (CNN), fully convolutional network (FCN), and recurrent neural network (RNN) have been widely applied in the field of HSI classification. Recently, transformer-based approaches represented by Vision Transformer (ViT) have yielded promising performance on numerous tasks and have been introduced to classify HSI. However, existing methods based on the above architectures still face three crucial issues that limit the classification performance: 1) geometric constraints caused by input data, 2) contribution fuzziness of central pixels with details, and 3) interaction gap between local areas and further environments. To tackle the above problems, an interactive learning framework inspired by ViT is proposed from a center to surrounding perspective, namely the center-to-surrounding interactive learning (CSIL) framework. Different from existing works, the CSIL framework enables to achieve multi-scale, detail-aware, and space-interactive classification based on a well-designed hierarchical region sampling strategy, center transformer, and surrounding transformer. Specifically, a hierarchical region sampling strategy is first proposed to flexibly generate the center region, neighbor region, and surrounding region, respectively. Thus, multi-scale input data breaks the geometric constraints. Second, a center transformer is presented to obtain core characteristics in detail based on the center region. In this way, central pixels are remarkably highlighted and the details are easily perceived. Third, a surrounding transformer including interactive self-attention learning is formulated for interacting both locally fine-grained distributions in the neighbor region and further coarse-grained environments in the surrounding region. With this structure, short- and long-term dependencies can be modeled, emphasized, and exchanged to bridge the interaction gap. Finally, the features from center transformer and surrounding transformer are integrated, then fed into a multi-layer perceptron for the optimization of semantic representation. Extensive experiments on six HSI datasets including small-, medium-, and large-scale scenes demonstrate the superiority over state-of-the-art CNN–, FCN-, RNN- and transformer-based approaches, even with very few training samples (for example 0.19% in complex HanChuan city scene). The source code will be available soon at https://github.com/jqyang22/CSIL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An S-scheme WP/MoSe 2 /ZnCdS heterojunction with a strong electronic coupling effect was prepared. The introduction of MoSe 2 can improve the light absorption ability of ZnCdS. In addition, WP as a cocatalyst, can accept electrons and achieve strong electron coupling effect, which accelerates the electron migration rate, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of photogenerated electrons. [Display omitted] • WP has high electron mobility and serves as an electron acceptor. • 2D nanoflower shaped MoSe 2 can closely contact with ZnCdS and reduce the aggregation of ZnCdS. • WP and MoSe 2 significantly improved the light absorption ability and enhanced its photocatalytic activity. • The S-scheme electron transfer of MoSe 2 /ZnCdS are proved by in situ XPS. • Strong electron coupling between amorphous WP and MoSe 2 /ZnCdS S-scheme heterojunction enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. The photogenerated carrier separation efficiency is a key factor for limiting the photocatalytic activity. In this work, an amorphous WP modified S-scheme MoSe 2 /ZnCdS (WP/MoSe 2 /ZCS) heterojunction was synthesized for wide spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production. After initially forming an S-scheme heterojunction by compositing ZnCdS with nano flower-shaped MoSe 2 , the light absorption ability of the bimetallic sulfide was significantly enhanced, along with an improved photogenerated carrier separation efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of WP as a co-catalyst not only provides more active sites for photocatalytic reactions, but also enhances the photogenerated electrons transfer through the synergistic effect of strong electronic coupling and S-scheme MoSe 2 /ZCS heterojunction.The significant enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 7％WP/MoSe 2 /ZCS reached 47.7 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 4.72 times higher than that of ZnCdS (10.1 mmol g−1 h−1). The strong electron coupling effects and S-scheme electron ransfer mechanism was proved by in-situ XPS and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides a new strategy for the construction of high-efficiency photocatalyst with strong electronic coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron-assisted wastewater treatment has garnered significant attentions due to its promising potential for nitrogen removal under low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios. However, the continuous addition of iron would result in unacceptably high operational cost. Herein, the iron mental-organic frame (MIL-88A(Fe)) modified sponge (MS) was developed as a source of continuous reactive iron sites and integrated in an intermittently-aerated moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency under low (C/N) ratios. The results demonstrated that the MS-assisted system achieved stable total nitrogen removal of 76.2 ± 6.0% without adding additional iron and carbon sources when the C/N was 3.5 ± 0.3. After MS addition, the electron transport system activity increased from 8.2 ± 0.9 μgO 2 /g/h to 12.7 ± 2.6 μgO 2 /g/h, and the scanning electron microscope images revealed that the MS were covered with biofilm. Meanwhile, iron autotrophic bacteria (Thermomonas , Dechloromonas) and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria (Candidatus_Competibacter) were enriched in the MS-assisted system, confirming the successful inducing of iron autotrophic denitrification process inside the reactor. This study revealed the effect of MS addition on microbial community succession and their pollutants removal characteristics, offering a feasible strategy for low C/N wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • A ferric iron-mediated MBBR has been developed to improve the nitrogen removal. • Achieved 76.2 ± 6.0% of TN removal when C/N was 3.5 ± 0.3, DO was 1.8 ± 0.3 mg/L. • The valence state transition of Fe (Ⅲ) to promote the continuous nitrogen removal. • The ETSA increased by 54.9% after adding MS. • The addition of MS facilitated the enrichment of IRB and Fe-ADB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demolition issue of long-span spatial lattice structures has become increasingly prominent with the rapid urban development and building renewal. Compared with traditional demolition techniques, building deconstruction offers superior economic and social benefits. Dismantling in blocks is one of the primary ways to realize the deconstruction of long-span spatial lattice structures, yet the safety is rarely studied. To fill this gap, a safety evaluation framework was established based on deep learning and graph traversal algorithm in this study. Hazardous configuration of the remaining structure is the basis of dismantling safety evaluation. To collect the hazardous configurations, an identification method in conjunction with deep neural network (DNN) and depth-first search (DFS) algorithm was proposed. The dismantling safety is measured by the improved structural well-formedness whose allowable range is determined by statistical analysis of hazardous configurations. The applicability of the framework was illustrated by the safety evaluation for the dismantling of single-layer reticulated domes. Results indicated that the dismantling safety is significantly affected by the configuration quality of the remaining structure, and the DNN-based prediction model is effective to classify the configuration state. Additionally, a large number of hazardous configurations were obtained through the identification method, and the allowable value of the safety evaluation index was determined to be 0.7. The configuration quality mainly depends on the geometry and boundary conditions. This novel framework provides scientific and effective methodological guidance for engineers, promoting the further application of building deconstruction. • A safety evaluation framework was proposed for the dismantling of long-span spatial lattice structures. • The dismantling safety of long-span spatial lattice structures was effectively evaluated from the perspective of configuration quality. • The deep neural network-based model was established to predict the configuration state of the remaining structure during dismantling. • Large-scale collection of hazardous configurations was achieved by the identification method combining prediction model and depth-first search algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea infection, significantly impacts postharvest kiwifruit, leading to spoilage and food safety issues. Meanwhile, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induces defense responses in plants. This study aimed to identify the optimal MeJA concentration to induce disease resistance in kiwifruits. Notably, various plant defense enzymes were detected in MeJA-treated kiwifruit. Moreover, 0.01 mol/L MeJA was found to enhance B. cinerea resistance in kiwifruit by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis revealed 62–64 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the different treatment groups. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis revealed 930–2900 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), between these groups. Subsequently, combined DEG and DEM analysis highlighted phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling as key transduction pathway associated with MeJA-induced resistance. Overall, these findings identified the mechanism of MeJA-induced resistance in kiwifruit, providing a theoretical basis for the safe and effective control of postharvest diseases in kiwifruit. • The optimal MeJA concentration for Botrytis cinerea resistance is 0.01 mol/L. • MeJA treatment enhances antioxidant enzyme activity. • Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and hormone signaling are key resistance pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature load significantly affects the deformation and stress of arch dams. Traditional methods for determining temperature loads may not adapt to complex environments, such as high-altitude regions with large temperature variations. This study proposes an intelligent method for temperature load of arch dams. Based on the measured data from existing dams, a physics-informed convolutional neural network is developed, enabling direct application to newly designed dams. The intelligent method delivers annual temperature boundaries on the dam surface, aiding the finite element model in predicting deformation and stress during operational phases. Validation demonstrates accurate results for dam body temperature and deformation, aligning closely with measured data, while also pinpointing critical stress areas within the dam. This method advances the AI-assisted design by predicting temperature loads during dam operation, providing strong support for determining the most unfavorable loading without measured data and ensuring the safety of the structure. [Display omitted] • An intelligent physics-informed model for temperature load of dams is proposed. • Proposed model is transferable to the design phase where measured data is limited. • The frequency of the model outputs can be adjusted on actual demand. • Continuous temperature loads enable detection of the most unfavorable conditions. • Validation shows a relative temperature error of only 4.3 % without measured data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are concerned with an incompressible and inviscid conducting fluid in the presence of surface tension and horizontal electric field. It is obtained the local-in-time estimates on the interface in H (3 / 2) k + 1 and the velocity fields in H (3 / 2) k by using the method introduced by Shatah and Zeng [A priori estimates for fluid interface problems. Commun Pure Appl Math. 2008;61(6):848–876]. The estimates of a horizontal electric field can be obtained from the estimates of the interface and elliptic estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the motion of a viscous incompressible fluid in an n + 1-dimensional infinite pipe Λ with an L-periodic shape in the z = xn+1 direction. We denote by Σz the cross-section of the pipe at the level z and by vz the (n + 1)th component of the velocity. We look for fully developed solutions v(x, z, t) with a given T-time periodic total flux g (t) = ∫ Σ z v z (x , z , t) d x , which should be simultaneously T-periodic with respect to time and L-space-periodic with respect to z. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the above problem. The results extend those proved in the study by Beirão da Veiga [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 178(3), 301–325 (2005)], where the cross-sections were independent of z. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider functional differential equations (FDEs) which are perturbations of smooth ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The FDE can involve multiple state-dependent delays, distributed delays, or implicitly defined delays (forward or backward). We show that, under some mild assumptions on the perturbation, if the ODE has a nondegenerate periodic orbit, then the FDE has a smooth periodic orbit. Moreover, when the perturbation depends on some parameters, we get smooth dependence of the periodic orbit and its frequency on the parameters with high regularity. The method can also be applied to treat equations with small delays appearing in electrodynamics and FDEs which are perturbations of some evolutionary partial differential equations (PDEs). The proof consists in solving functional equations satisfied by the parameterization of the periodic orbit and the frequency using a fixed-point approach. We do not need to consider the smoothness of the evolution or even the phase space of the FDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that there exist partially regular weak solutions of Navier–Stokes equations with fractional dissipation − Δ s in the critical case of s = 3 2 , which satisfy certain local energy inequalities and whose singular sets have a locally finite two-dimensional parabolic Hausdorff measure. Actually, this problem had been studied by Chen and Wei [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 36(10), 5309–5322 (2016)]; in this paper, they established the partial regularity of suitable weak solutions for s = 3 2 . A point is that they admitted the existence of suitable weak solutions but did not give the proof. It should be noted that, when s = 3 2 , the existence of suitable weak solutions is not trivial due to the possible lack of compactness. To overcome this difficulty, we shall use a parabolic concentration-compactness theorem introduced by Wu [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 239(3), 1771–1808 (2021)]. For the partial regularity theory, we will apply the idea of Chen and Wei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing 3D geometry copy detection research focused on 3D watermarking, which first embeds "watermarks" and then detects the added watermarks. However, this kind of methods is non-straightforward and may be less robust to attacks such as cropping and noise. In this paper, we focus on a fundamental and practical research problem: judging whether a point cloud is plagiarized or copied to another point cloud in the presence of several manipulations (e.g., similarity transformation, smoothing). We propose a novel method to address this critical problem. Our key idea is first to align the two point clouds and then calculate their similarity distance. We design three different measures to compute the similarity. We also introduce two strategies to speed up our method. Comprehensive experiments and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method in estimating the similarity of two given 3D point clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the cathode catalysts for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were successfully synthesized by two-step feeding method. NiAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticle was attached efficiently on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) in situ, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) was modified on LDH surface layer; Highly crystalline NiAl-LDH/GO@ZIF-67 composite was flawlessly prepared, nano-hybrid had (003), (006), (011), (112) and (222) characteristic crystal planes attribute to NiAl-LDH/GO and ZIF-67 by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the sheet-like structure and polyhedral structure were observed. The NiAl-LDH/GO@ZIF-67 nano-hybrid was rich in metal elements and provides a wealth of electrochemical active sites by EDS test. The study displayed that the maximum output voltage of NiAl-LDH/GO@ZIF-67-MFC was 516 mV and the stabilization time could last for about 8 d. The maximum output power was 501.26 mW/m2, which was 1.31 times of NiAl-LDH/GO-MFC (381.92 mW/m2) and 2.76 times of ZIF-67-MFC (181.48 mW/m2). The GO with high conductivity was used as the substrate to ensure the stability of electrode cycle and the efficiency of power generation, the laminar structure of NiAl-LDH provided the specific surface area for the reaction, which facilitated the transport of electrons. The good structure of ZIF-67 increased the active sites of the composite. The excellent properties of the composites promoted the electrochemical stability and electricity production output of MFC. This study provided a method for the further application of MFC in the wastewater field. [Display omitted] • ZIF-67 was grown on NiAl-LDH/GO by simple two step hydrothermal method. • NiAl-LDH/GO@ZIF-67 as MFC cathode had preeminent stability and persistence. • Maximum power density produced by MFC was 501.26 mW/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most toxic gases to human life. Therefore, the effective monitoring of it down to ppb level is of great significance. Herein, a series of In2O3 nanofibers modified with Au or Pd species or simultaneous Au and Pd species have been prepared by electrospinning combined with a calcination process. The as-obtained samples are applied for the detection of CO. Gas-sensing investigations indicate that 2 at% Au and 2 at% Pd-co-modified In2O3 nanofibers exhibit the highest response (21.7) to 100 ppm CO at 180 °C, and the response value is ~8.5 times higher than that of pure In2O3 nanofibers. More importantly, the detection limit to CO is about 200 ppb with a response value of 1.23, and is obviously lower than that (6 ppm) of pure In2O3 nanofibers. In addition, the sensor also shows good stability within 19 days. These demonstrate that co-modifying In2O3 nanofibers with suitable amounts of Pd and Au species might be a meaningful strategy for the development of high-performance carbon monoxide gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) offer a promising energy storage option thanks to their safety, affordability, and stable electrochemical properties. Nevertheless, commercialization remains hindered by challenges including zinc dendrite growth, electrolyte-electrode interface instability, and performance deterioration caused by the high activity of water. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have demonstrated significant improvements in both performance and safety of AZIBs, attributed to their flexibility and superior interfacial contact properties. This review elucidates the transformative potential of GPEs, focusing on strategies including the construction of selective ion channels, reduction of water activity, optimization of solvation structures, and stabilization of the electrode-electrolyte interface. Additionally, this review analyzes the molecular-level mechanisms underlying these strategies and explores the functional versatility of GPEs in flexible energy storage devices. The findings in this work underscore the crucial role of GPEs in overcoming key obstacles in AZIBs technology, paving the way for commercial applications and steering future research toward the creation of high-performance, safe, and eco-friendly AZIBs. [Display omitted] • The GPEs' application and their advancements in Zn-ion batteries has been highlighted. • Detailed discussion on molecular mechanisms of GPEs enhancing Zn-ion battery performance over traditional electrolytes. • Explores four key strategies for regulating GPEs, guiding their development for improved battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis (AS), an arterial vasculature disease, is characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation and inflammatory response. ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 11 (ARL11) is linked to multifarious processes in cells. This study aims to clarify the underlying mechanism of ARL11 in AS. ApoE −/− mice fed with high-fat diet were used as mouse model of AS. Gene expression in AS was determined by mRNA-sequencing. ARL11 expression was detected by real-time PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. M1 polarization of macrophages was indicated by TNF-α and IL-6 levels as detected with ELISA, and iNOS expression determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The role of ARL11 during AS was explored through loss-of-function analysis. There were 1301 upregulated and 1110 downregulated genes during AS. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in pathways and terms which are involved in inflammation. Moreover, Arl11 was highly expressed in AS models. Downregulation of Arl11 decreased lipid deposition and atherosclerotic plaques in the aortas of AS mice, and declined inflammatory cytokines and M1 polarization of macrophages induced by IFN-γ. Furthermore, ARL11 interacted with JAK2 and p-JAK2 and modulated their degradation, thus inhibiting the activation of JAK2/STAT1 pathway. ARL11 promoted the development of AS via interacting with JAK2 and activating JAK2/STAT1 pathway. Thus, silencing ARL11 may prevent the process of AS and be a novel way to treat AS. [Display omitted] • We showed the gene expression profile of atherosclerotic mice. • ARL11 may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic. • ARL11 interacted with JAK2 and p-JAK2 and modulated their degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mid-infrared plasmonic metasurfaces are remarkable platforms for chemical-specific detection and dynamic monitoring of biomolecules. This study uses surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy by applying plasmonic metasurfaces for label-free and real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. SEIRA devices based on geometric combinations of two types of square arrays with different Au microdots require the use of new dual-resonant plasmonic metasurfaces. Resonant matching between the plasmonic and molecular vibrational modes can be realized through the controlled microdot dimensions and periodicity of the array. Plasmonic surface lattice resonances contribute to this optical tuning, enabling simultaneous observations of SEIRA-enhanced methyl and amide bands. The electric fields on mixed arrays were strongly confined to approximately 100 nm, enabling high SEIRA performance and single molecule detection. Moreover, the SEIRA device no longer needed in-plane polarization control of IR light, enhancing sensing detection's robustness and stability. Finally, the in situ real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions between protein A and immunoglobulin, which provides remarkable changes in the intensity and vibrational features of SEIRA absorbance, is reported. Dynamic SEIRA measurements using molecular vibrations as self-biomarkers helped in identifying the kinetic parameters required for important affinity metrics of biomolecular interactions. [Display omitted] • First use of metasurface-based surface-enhanced infrared absorption to determine the affinity between biomolecules. • Dual-bands plasmonic metasurfaces enhance the absorbance of the methyl and carbonyl /amide bands of organics or biomolecules. • High sensitivity to distinguish different self-assembled monolayer molecules with similar molecular weights and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]