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Main Problem: Anhedonia is a critical diagnostic symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), being associated with poor prognosis. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia is of great significance for individuals with MDD, and it encourages the search for objective indicators that can reliably identify anhedonia. Methods: A predictive model used connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM) for anhedonia symptoms was developed by utilizing pre‐treatment functional connectivity (FC) data from 59 patients with MDD. Node‐based FC analysis was employed to compare differences in FC patterns between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. The support vector machines (SVM) method was then applied for classifying these two subtypes of MDD patients. Results: CPM could successfully predict anhedonia symptoms in MDD patients (positive network: r = 0.4719, p < 0.0020, mean squared error = 23.5125, 5000 iterations). Compared to non‐melancholic MDD patients, melancholic MDD patients showed decreased FC between the left cingulate gyrus and the right parahippocampus gyrus (p_bonferroni = 0.0303). This distinct FC pattern effectively discriminated between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients, achieving a sensitivity of 93.54%, specificity of 67.86%, and an overall accuracy of 81.36% using the SVM method. Conclusions: This study successfully established a network model for predicting anhedonia symptoms in MDD based on FC, as well as a classification model to differentiate between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. These findings provide guidance for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the associations between social support and postpartum mental health in 137 U.S. and foreign-born Latinas in the MADRES pregnancy cohort. We also examined whether language, years in the U.S., and country of birth moderates these relationships. Participants were administered PROMIS support measures 1 month postpartum; the Perceived Stress and Postpartum Distress Measure 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum; and the CESD scale 12 months postpartum. Perceived stress was lower at 6 months postpartum for women reporting higher emotional (p = 0.01), informational (p = 0.03), and instrumental support (p < 0.001); and lower at 12 months postpartum for women reporting higher emotional support (p = 0.01). Distress at 6 months was lower in women reporting higher emotional support (p = 0.03). Interactions suggest that associations were stronger for mothers that speak Spanish, spent fewer years in the U.S., and were born in Central America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying the characteristic neurobiological changes of early psychosis is helpful for early clinical diagnosis. However, previous studies on the brain electrophysiology of children and adolescents with psychosis are rare. Methods: This study compared P300 amplitude at multiple electrodes between children and adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia (FES, n = 48), children and adolescents with psychosis risk syndrome (PRS, n = 24), and healthy controls (HC, n = 30). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the ability of P300 amplitude to distinguish FES, PRS and HC individuals. Results: The P300 amplitude in the FES group were significantly lower than those in the HC at the Cz, Pz, and Oz electrodes. The P300 amplitude was also significantly lower in the prodromal group than in the HC at the Pz and Oz electrodes. ROC curve analysis showed that at the Pz electrode, the P300 amplitude evoked by the target and standard stimulus showed high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve value for distinguishing FES from HC individuals. Conclusions: This study found early visual P300 deficits in children and adolescents with FES and PRS, with the exclusion of possible influence of medication and chronic medical conditions, suggesting the value of P300 amplitude for the identification of early psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoenzymatic catalysis is an efficient strategy for selectively converting CO 2 into valuable chemicals. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics, resulting from low visible light utilization and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, severely inhibit the yields of target products. Herein, we present a novel artificial photosynthesis platform of 2D/2D MXene/crystalline COF-367 heterostructure for efficient conversion of CO 2 into HCOOH. This platform is extremely sensitive to solar light (λ ≤ 750 nm), with rapid charge separation and transfer due to the well-designed abundant ultrathin 2D/2D hetero-interfaces. Remarkably, Ti 3 C 2 /COF-367 achieves an impressive yield of 83.38% for coenzyme NADH regeneration with absence of electron mediator. Furthermore, it demonstrates a cascade ultra-high production rate of HCOOH at 1.88 mmol g−1 h−1 with almost 100 % selectivity. This work represents the first example of MXene to promote charge transfer in COFs-based photoenzymatic synergistic catalytic system, and provides insights into the development of organic/inorganic hybrids for CO 2 photoreduction. [Display omitted] • First example of MXene to promote charge transfer in COFs-based photoenzymatic catalytic system. • Ultrathin highly crystalline imine-linked COF-367 nanosheets were synthesized. • Abundant ultrathin 2D/2D hetero-interfaces for rapid charge separation/transfer. • Impressive NADH regeneration yield of 83.38% without electron mediator. • Ultra-high HCOOH production rate of 1.88 mmol g−1 h−1 with high selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting public participation is a practical move to strengthen wildlife conservation. This study focuses on saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), an endangered species which has received international concern. Based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior and a sample of 536 Chinese residents aged 16–40 collected through an online survey, we applied Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to explore the predictors of the behavioral intention to participate in saiga antelope conservation. The results show that perceived behavioral control is the most influential predictor that contributes to the value of the behavioral intention, followed by injunctive norm, attitude to participation, knowledge of saiga antelope, experience of wildlife conservation, and attitude to saiga antelope, altogether explaining 48.4% of the variance of the behavioral intention. To promote public participation in saiga antelope conservation, strengthening science popularization and broadening the channels of participation are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of 2020, China has banned the consumption of wild animals to combat the spread of zoonoses. Most existing studies focus on the intention and behavior of wildlife consumption and their causes; however, few have looked at public willingness to resist wildlife consumption, as well as the cause and effects of such actions. In this study, a framework for an extended theory of planned behavior was constructed. Based on a 7-point Likert scale, a sample of 1194 respondents from eight provinces across China was obtained through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze netizen behavioral intention to resist consuming wild animals and their causes to provide a reference for the implementation and optimization of relevant policies. The study model passed the goodness-of-fit test, confirming the robustness of the results. The results showed that Chinese netizens' intention to resist consuming wild animals was moderate, with 55.19% willing to participate in activities against it, i.e., it is important to resist eating wild animals as a standard. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and past experience of the Chinese netizen had significant positive effects on resistance intention, i.e., (1) netizens' current living area with severe outbreaks were more likely to resist wildlife consumption, (2) highly knowledge level netizens were more likely to resist wildlife consumption than less knowledgeable ones, and (3) lower income level had higher behavioral intentions of netizens. The findings suggest that the government must take a lead role in wildlife protection and strengthen its restrictions, laws, and regulations. The media should also be used to promote conservation and popularize a protective message in favor of wild animals. Public quality and assurance of wildlife protection should be culturally reinforced to effectively ban the illegal trade of wild animals and their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swimming monitoring based on acceleration sensor is an emerging research direction in the field of human motion recognition. As a public sport, swimming has a wide audience. The swimming monitoring system can facilitate people to monitor and record their own swimming data, so as to formulate a reasonable training plan. Aiming at the defects of single modal information representation ability, high contingency, and easy to be influenced by the outside world, this paper adopts the underwater posture training model of swimmers to perform multimodal information fusion. In this paper, a multimodal information fusion method based on evolutionary neural network is proposed, and an intelligent perception information processing model of the intelligent subject system is constructed. Aiming at the defect that the accuracy and speed of the underwater posture monitoring of swimmers cannot be guaranteed in a complex environment, an evolutionary neural network optimized by a multimodal adaptive genetic algorithm is constructed to perform multimodal information fusion to ensure the effectiveness of the system in the face of complex information. Regarding attitude detection, it mainly uses the three dimensions of the angle of movement, the influence of gravity, and the strength and speed of the movement to measure. The MPU6050 module processor has a wide range of applications and is a mold processing tool with high performance and level. It completes the data processing, data calculation, and data storage of the inspection system in this paper. This paper further studies the working principle, structure, and operation process of this module and adjusts the time error in the detection of carrier motion and attitude so that the processing function of this module can play an optimal state. Four kinds of swimming posture measurement experiments were carried out on the swimmers, and the experimental data were analyzed. The whole system is controlled by the host computer man-machine interaction software remotely and in real time through commands. The experimental results show that the system realizes the detection of the basic posture, meets the basic requirements of the system design, and provides a certain foundation for the follow-up research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shallow water carbonates are extensively utilized as archives for reconstructing past seawater chemistry and understanding global geochemical cycles. However, their reliability is often compromised by diagenetic alteration, obscuring primary environmental signals. Molar-tooth carbonate (MTC) exhibits exceptional resistance to diagenesis compared to other carbonate minerals, making it a promising candidate for reliably reconstructing ancient seawater chemistry. This study investigates the preservation of primary lithium isotopic composition in Neoproterozoic (Tonian) MTC and its host carbonate from the Dalian area, northeastern China (ca. 980 Ma – 920 Ma). We assess the reliability of MTC in reconstructing paleo-seawater δ7Li evolution and provide a reconstruction of Tonian seawater δ7Li. Geochemical filter tests indicate that both MTC and host carbonate remain largely unaltered by meteoric and burial diagenesis. Carbonate δ7Li values exhibit a consistent decrease with stratigraphic height, with MTC displaying a narrower range of variation (4–12‰) compared to its host carbonate (1–15‰). Numerical modeling of early marine carbonate diagenesis suggests minimal impact on MTC δ7Li values, while host carbonates show varying degrees of diagenetic alteration. Based on the consistent Li isotopic offset observed between 'fluid-buffered' diagenetic host carbonate and MTC in our data, we deduce a fractionation factor of 4.8 ± 1.2‰ for seawater-MTC Li isotopic exchange. Reconstructed paleoseawater δ7Li values reveal a progressive decrease from 16.9 ± 1.2‰ to 8.8 ± 1.2‰ during the early Tonian period. This change is likely linked to the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent and emplacement of large igneous province (LIP). Furthermore, mass balance modeling and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that this decline in seawater δ7Li can be attributed to the transition towards more congruent weathering during the early Tonian, facilitated by the assembly of Rodinia and associated large igneous province events. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of MTC as a reliable proxy for elucidating Precambrian seawater Li isotopic composition and understanding associated paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Reviewed the properties, synthesis, and catalytic mechanisms of UiO-66 derivatives. • The discussion focused on the pathways of catalytic biomass conversion. • Explored the relationship between the structure and catalytic performance. • Challenges and recommendations for UiO-66 derivatives in biomass conversion. As biomass is a crucial raw materials for the chemical industry, its conversion into various chemicals and biofuels has been considered to be an effective way to solve the resource and energy crisis. Based on catalyst design and selection, catalytic conversions have garnered widespread attention, especially UiO-66-type MOFs, which exhibit excellent stability, high porosity, and tunable structures in biomass conversion. What is even more remarkable is that through surface modification or pyrolysis, UiO-66 with functional group modifications, metal loading, supported on functional substrates, or conversion to ZrO 2 , exhibit significantly enhanced catalytic activity. Therefore, based on the outstanding progress made by researchers in the catalytic conversion of biomass using UiO-66 and its derivatives, this paper attempts to summarize the preparation methods of UiO-66 and its derivatives for biomass conversion in recent years. It also aims to summarize the pathways and mechanisms of UiO-66 and its derivatives in catalyzing the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), γ-Valerolactone (GVL), furfuryl alcohol (FOL), cyclopentanone (CPO), and biofuels from biomass. Finally, it presents challenges and suggestions for the future development of UiO-66 and its derivatives in biomass conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated an association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors in Chinese adolescents, and explored the underlying mechanism. Methods: The data of 3094 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years were collected from an epidemiological survey in China. All the subjects or their parents completed the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist (ASLEC). Results: Relative to the non-schizoid group, adolescents with schizoid tendencies (male or female) showed significantly higher scores for aggressive behaviors, emotional abuse, and ASLEC. Regarding females only, those with schizoid tendencies had significantly higher (lower) scores for physical abuse and emotional neglect (physical neglect). The aggressive behaviors score was predicted by scores for schizoid tendencies (βmale = 0.620, βfemale = 0.638, both P < 0.001) and ASLEC (βmale = 0.125, βfemale = 0.061, both P < 0.01), and by childhood trauma score (males: emotional neglect [β = 0.045, P = 0.021]; females: emotional abuse and sexual abuse [β = 0.118 and − 0.062, both P < 0.01]). The ASLEC and childhood trauma scores mediated the association between scores for schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors, specifically, emotional neglect (emotional abuse and sexual abuse) in males (females). In females, the interaction between scores for childhood trauma and ASLEC affected the aggressive behaviors score (P = 0.023). Conclusions: Schizoid tendencies are associated with aggressive behaviors among Chinese adolescents. Recent life events and childhood trauma mediated an association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors. The interaction between childhood trauma and recent life events affected aggressive behaviors in females. Aggressive behaviors in adolescents may be ameliorated by reducing childhood trauma and life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies identified an association between schizophrenia and emotional instability. However, the relationship between schizotypal personality traits and emotional instability has not been explored to date. Furthermore, both mediating and moderating factors need to be identified.Methods: A total of 2936 students completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), the Affective Lability Scale-Short Form (ALS-SF), and the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS).Results: 1) The total scores of DACOBS (and all dimensions) and ALS-SF (and all dimensions) in the high schizotypal personality trait group were higher than in the low schizotypal personality trait group (all P < 0.05). 2) SPQ score and DACOBS social cognition problems, subjective cognitive problems, jumping to conclusions bias, and external attribution bias subscale scores positively predicted the total score of ALS-SF (or the dimensions of ALS-SF) in both male and female populations (all P < 0.05). 3) In the male population, DACOBS social cognition problems, subjective cognitive problems, jumping to conclusions bias, and external attribution bias subscale scores mediated the relationship between SPQ score and ALS-SF total score (or its subscales). In the female population, DACOBS attention for threat bias, external attribution bias, jumping to conclusions bias, social cognition problems, and subjective cognitive problems subscale scores mediated the relationship between SPQ score and ALS-SF total score (or its subscales). 4) Gender exerted a moderating effect on this relationship between SPQ score and ALS-SF total/anxiety-depression score (all P < 0.05).Conclusions: Schizotypal personality traits might influence emotional instability through cognitive biases, and the degree of this influence varies depending on gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization severely threatens medical systems worldwide and has increased the need for reliable detection of acute status and prediction of mortality. We applied a systems biology approach to discover acute-stage biomarkers that could predict mortality. A total 247 plasma samples were collected from 103 COVID-19 (52 surviving COVID-19 patients and 51 COVID-19 patients with mortality), 51 patients with other infectious diseases (IDCs) and 41 healthy controls (HCs). Paired plasma samples were obtained from survival COVID-19 patients within 1 day after hospital admission and 1–3 days before discharge. There were clear differences between COVID-19 patients and controls, as well as substantial differences between the acute and recovery phases of COVID-19. Samples from patients in the acute phase showed suppressed immunity and decreased steroid hormone biosynthesis, as well as elevated inflammation and proteasome activation. These findings were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and metabolomic analyses in a larger cohort. Moreover, excessive proteasome activity was a prominent signature in the acute phase among patients with mortality, indicating that it may be a key cause of poor prognosis. Based on these features, we constructed a machine learning panel, including four proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP), proteasome subunit alpha type (PSMA)1, PSMA7, and proteasome subunit beta type (PSMB)1)] and one metabolite (urocortisone), to predict mortality among COVID-19 patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.976) on the first day of hospitalization. Our systematic analysis provides a novel method for the early prediction of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Downregulation of Peli1 strikingly suppresses Meth-induced neuroinflammation. • The TLR4-TRIP axis is important for Peli1 modulation in Meth treated microglial cells. • Cytokines and signaling are dramatically decreased after TLR4-TRIP-Peli1 inhibition. • The TLR4-TRIP-Peli1 axis is obviously activated in the Meth-treated mouse brain. Methamphetamine (Meth), a highly addictive drug, can induce irreversible neuronal damage and cause neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders. Meth's effects on modulating microglial neuroimmune functions and eliciting neuroinflammation have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Recent evident of the effect of the non-dependent domain containing adaptor inducing interferon (TRIF)/Pellino1 (Peli1) signaling axis on pro-inflammatory cytokine production provides novel clues for inflammation. Therefore, our study investigated Meth-induced neurotoxicity from a neuropathological perspective by examining TLR4-TRIF-Peli1 axis signaling activation. Meth significantly activated microglia accompanied by marked increase of TLR4 and TRIF expression, NF-kB and MAPK pathways activation and the production of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Peli1 was involved in Meth-mediated neuroinflammation and knockdown of Peli1 strongly reversed NF-kB and MAPK pathways activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine excretion. Intriguingly, Peli1 upregulation induced by Meth was dependent on TRIF rather than the myloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) pathway, since the silencing of TRIF significantly suppressed Meth-induced Peli1 upregulation, while MyD88 knockdown had no obvious impact. Additionally, an in vivo study verified TLR4-TRIF-Peli1 axis activation and an enhanced level of downstream cytokine expression in the cortex after Meth treatment. Therefore, these findings provide new insight regarding the specific contributions of the TRIF-Peli1 pathway to Meth-mediated neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly close links between provinces and municipalities, the complexity and social connectivity of emergencies have gradually increased. How to realize the rapid and scientific dispatch of emergency resources based on the comprehensive transportation network has become a realistic need. However, due to barriers in management and communication between different administrative regions and different modes of transportation, emergency resource scheduling can only be carried out in the region, and the utilization of integrated traffic channels is insufficient to form a good multimodal transport system. The multi-agent system has strong self-organization ability, learning ability and reasoning ability, which solves problems in the fields of dynamic decision-making and micro-simulation and provides ideas for solving the problem of comprehensive traffic emergency dispatching across regions. In this paper, the multi-agent system is introduced into the research of the task assignment problem of trans-regional comprehensive traffic emergency materials dispatching, based on the traditional bidding rules, the emergency dispatch task assignment rules are proposed and multi-agent trans-regional comprehensive traffic emergency dispatching model based on improved bidding rules is established. The simulation results show that the proposed method can break the regional barrier and form a multimodal transport scheme for emergency materials from the reserve point to the demand point under the minimum generalized time cost, providing decision support for emergency dispatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-ordered highly crystalline g-C 3 N 4 nanorods (CNR) is rationally tailored by molten salt-assisted anti-defect engineering for efficient artificial photosynthesis of H 2 O 2. [Display omitted] • Highly crystalline and well-ordered g-C 3 N 4 nanorods are tailored. • Molten salt-assisted preparation of highly crystalline organic polymeric materials. • Anti-defect engineering promotes charge separation and transfer. • The H 2 O 2 generation rate reaches 1.58 mmol g-1h−1 only using air as oxygen source. • Molten salt-assisted anti-defect engineering to improve photocatalytic activity. Graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) is widely recognized as one of the most popular catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) production. However, it is often overlooked that general g-C 3 N 4 materials contain numerous dangling bonds and defects, which serve as recombination centers for photogenerated carriers and significantly hinder their catalytic activity. Herein, we present a novel approach to address this issue by rationally tailoring well-ordered g-C 3 N 4 nanorods (CNR) through molten salt-assisted anti-defect engineering. The resulting highly crystalline CNR demonstrates high efficiency in the artificial photosynthesis of H 2 O 2. Experimental results indicate that enhancing the crystallinity of g-C 3 N 4 while reducing the defect concentration effectively promotes charge separation and transport. As a result, it exhibits a remarkable H 2 O 2 generation rate of 1.58 mmol g-1h−1 using air as the oxygen source, accompanied by an apparent quantum yield of 18.00 % (λ = 400 nm). The excellent photocatalytic performance of CNR surpasses that of all previously reported pristine g-C 3 N 4 materials. This work sheds light on the effectiveness of molten salt-assisted anti-defect engineering in improving catalyst activity, with potential applications in solar cells, sensor devices and other catalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin is a flavonoid compound that is widely present in food and drink. Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (Q3GA) is a major metabolite of quercetin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Q3GA on the pharmacokinetics of orally and intravenously administered cyclosporin A (CsA) in rats, and to assess the effect of Q3GA on drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), drug transporters (DTs) and nuclear receptors (NRs). The pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA were measured following oral (10 mg/kg) and intravenous (2.5 mg/kg) administration of CsA in the presence or absence of Q3GA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DMEs, DTs and NRs in the liver and small intestine were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results indicated that the intravenous administration of Q3GA (2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days reduced the bioavailability of oral CsA. By contrast, the pharmacokinetics of the intravenous administration of CsA were not affected by Q3GA. However, the mRNA and protein expression levels of DMEs and DTs were inhibited by Q3GA. The activation of DMEs and DTs by NRs, and the interplay between DMEs and DTs, may explain these results. The present study identified a novel flavonoid-drug interaction, which may have implications for patients taking CsA and quercetin supplements or on a quercetin-containing diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrathin layered 2D/2D van der Waals heterojunction of ReS 2 /high-crystalline g-C 3 N 4 is reported to significantly improve photocatalytic H 2 production attribute to its efficient charge transport, strong visible light harvesting, and suppressed recombination of photogenerated carriers. [Display omitted] • Ultrathin layered 2D/2D van der Waals heterojunction of ReS 2 /high-crystalline g-C 3 N 4. • Efficient charge transport of highly crystalline g-C 3 N 4 by eliminating deep defects. • Strong visible light harvesting, and excellent conductivity of ReS 2 nanoflakes. • Synergistic effect of rapid charge separation and transfer in 2D/2D heterojunction. • Superior photocatalytic H 2 -evolution efficiency of 3.46 mmol g−1h−1. Fabricating efficient nanocatalysts with excellent visible light response, coupled with rapid charge separation and transfer efficiency is still the most challenge for solar-driven hydrogen (H 2) evolution. Herein, an ultrathin layered 2D/2D van der Waals heterojunction of ReS 2 /high-crystalline g-C 3 N 4 (CCN) is constructed for the first time to significantly boost photocatalytic H 2 production. The as-prepared optimized 15% ReS 2 /CCN exhibits the highest H 2 -evolution rate of 3.46 mmol g−1h−1 under visible light irradiation, a 2.7 fold enhancements over that of pristine CCN and is also much higher than ReS 2 alone. The excellent photocatalytic performance of ReS 2 /CCN is mainly attributed to the efficient charge transport of highly crystalline CCN by eliminating deep defects, the strong visible light harvesting of ReS 2 nanoflakes, as well as the synergistic effect of an ultrathin layered 2D/2D heterojunction to rapidly enable charge-separation while inhibiting the charge recombination. This work provides an efficient photocatalyst for H 2 energy production, and sheds light on fundamental insight to a rational design of photo/electro nanocatalysts or heterojunction materials toward highly efficient photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Inspired by biomineralization, for the first time, an ACDs-CO 2 -Ca(OH) 2 system to study the biomineralization process of CaCO 3 in the presence of ACDs was developed. • The effects of different conditions on the crystal form and morphology of CaCO 3 were studied in detail, and a possible biomineralization mechanism was proposed. • The spherical ACDs@CaCO 3 organic–inorganic hybrid fluorescent material with good luminescence ability was prepared. • The spherical ACDs@CaCO 3 have good biocompatibility, very low cytotoxicity, and can achieve cell imaging very well. Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in nature, and organisms can prepare functional materials with multi-level ordered structures through biomineralization. Herein, inspired by biomineralization, for the first time, we developed an amino acid quantum dots (ACDs)–CO 2 -Ca(OH) 2 system to study the biomineralization process of CaCO 3 in the presence of ACDs. The ACDs could not only control the morphology and crystal form of CaCO 3 but also could be doped into CaCO 3 during the formation of CaCO 3 to form ACDs@CaCO 3 organic–inorganic hybrid fluorescent materials which had excellent luminous ability. Meanwhile, the morphology and crystal form of CaCO 3 could also be controlled by controlling the CO 2 flow rate and rotation speed. After that, a possible biomineralization mechanism of CaCO 3 in the presence of ACDs was proposed. Finally, the synthetic spherical ACDs@CaCO 3 were applied to the field of biological imaging for the first time. Our work not only provides new bionic methods for the synthesis of multifunctional biomineralized materials and new insights for further understanding of biomineralization mechanism, but also the synthesized new biomineralization fluorescent materials have great application potential in the field of bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fantastic 2D/1D hierarchical layered ZnIn 2 S 4 /TiO 2 hetero-structure is reported as an efficient catalyst for in- situ H 2 O 2 production via 2-electrons oxygen reduction (ORR) process and be activated to high concentration hydroxyl radical (•OH) for water purification under visible light irradiation. [Display omitted] • Solar-driven H 2 O 2 synthesis to purify water via cascade reaction. • A fantastic 2D/1D hierarchical layered heterojunction of ZnIn 2 S 4 /TiO 2. • ZnIn 2 S 4 effectively promote the activation of in- situ generated H 2 O 2. • The superior H 2 O 2 production rate arrives 1530.59 μmol h−1 g−1. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a significant green oxidant for environment and new energy, especially for Fenton-like system. Onsite production and sustainable consumption of H 2 O 2 are the two critical challenges. Here, a fantastic 2D/1D hierarchical layered ZnIn 2 S 4 /TiO 2 heterojunction is reported as an efficient catalyst for in- situ H 2 O 2 production via 2-electrons oxygen reduction (ORR) process and be rapidly activated to high concentration hydroxyl radical (•OH) for water purification under visible light irradiation. The high-quality catalyst enables superior H 2 O 2 production rate of 1530.59 μmol h−1 g−1 with an external quantum efficiency of 10.39% illuminated at 400 nm, is much higher than that of reported photocatalysts. The bimetallic sulfide ZnIn 2 S 4 can effectively promote the activation of H 2 O 2 due to the unsaturation of sulfur atoms, so that the wastewater containing tetracycline (50 ppm) can be degraded by 90% only within 60 min by ZnIn 2 S 4 /TiO 2 via this cascade reaction. This work provides a novel strategy and ZnIn 2 S 4 -based catalyst for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coping style mediates the association between autistic traits and social anxiety. • Sense of security mediates the association between autistic traits and social anxiety. • Coping style predicts sense of security and mediates the "autistic traits/social anxiety" link. • The FKBP5 gene rs3800373 moderates the association between autistic traits and social anxiety. The mechanism underlying the relationship between autistic traits and social anxiety still remains unknown. It is therefore necessary to investigate potential psychological and biological mechanisms. A total of 2695 college students were samples for this research during 2017−2018. The assessed variables included demographic characteristics and measures of autistic traits, sense of security, coping styles, and social anxiety. Blood samples were collected from which DNA was extracted. Regression analysis indicated that autistic traits and negative coping were positively associated with social anxiety; furthermore, positive coping, interpersonal security, and sense of control were negatively associated with social anxiety. Further analyses demonstrated that the relationship between autistic traits and social anxiety was mediated by coping styles (both positive coping and negative coping) and sense of security (both interpersonal security and sense of control), and coping style predicted the sense of security. The FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene rs3800373 moderated the association between autistic traits and social anxiety. The present study is the first to demonstrate that both coping style and sense of security play an intermediate role between autistic traits and social anxiety in a sample of Chinese college students; moreover, the FKBP5 gene moderates this association between autistic traits and social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are associated with glucose intolerance. • PFAS is associated with increased lipolysis. • Lipid metabolism may contribute to the association of PFAS with glucose intolerance. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure is ubiquitous among the US population and has been linked to adverse health outcomes including cardiometabolic diseases, immune dysregulation and endocrine disruption. However, the metabolic mechanism underlying the adverse health effect of PFASs exposure is unknown. The aim of this project is to investigate the association between PFASs exposure and altered metabolic pathways linked to increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults. A total of 102 young adults with 82% overweight or obese participants were enrolled from Southern California between 2014 and 2017. Cardiometabolic outcomes were assessed including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures, body fat and lipid profiles. High-resolution metabolomics was used to quantify plasma exposure levels of three PFAS congeners and intensity profiles of the untargeted metabolome. Fasting concentrations of 45 targeted metabolites involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism were used to verify untargeted metabolomics findings. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) was used to examine the associations between PFAS exposure mixture and cardiometabolic outcomes adjusting for covariates. Mummichog pathway enrichment analysis was used to explore PFAS-associated metabolic pathways. Moreover, the effect of PFAS exposure on the metabolic network, including metabolomic profiles and cardiometabolic outcomes, was investigated. Higher exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with higher 30-minute glucose levels and glucose area under the curve (AUC) during the OGTT (p < 0.001). PFAS exposure was also associated with altered lipid pathways, which contributed to the metabolic network connecting PFOA and higher glucose levels following the OGTT. Targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that higher PFOA exposure was associated with higher levels of glycerol (p = 0.006), which itself was associated with higher 30-minute glucose (p = 0.006). Increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation could contribute to the biological mechanisms linking PFAS exposure and impaired glucose metabolism among young adults. Findings of this study warrants future experimental studies and epidemiological studies with larger sample size to replicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is an important green oxidant for environmental remediation. It is a sustainable strategy to realize solar-driven in- situ H 2 O 2 production for timely using via cascade reactions to sterilization or remove organic pollutants etc. However, how to improve the H 2 O 2 production and consumption abilities of catalysts are the two main challenges. Here we report a superior carbon-related ZnIn 2 S 4 /g-C 3 N 4 catalyst with excellent H 2 O 2 generation and consumption capabilities for efficient sterilization under visible light irradiation. The 2D/2D heterojunction of ZnIn 2 S 4 /g-C 3 N 4 with rapid carrier separation and transfer efficiency exhibits a remarkable H 2 O 2 yield of 4.27 mmol g−1, which is much higher than that of current catalysts. The in- situ produced H 2 O 2 can be quickly activated to strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals for sterilization, in which the Escherichia coli (E. coli) are fully cleared only within 25 min and 98% of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are killed out after 60 min irradiation. The prepared photocatalysts realize the rapid production and consumption of H 2 O 2 , and this work provides an effect green strategy for sterilization via the in- situ generated H 2 O 2. [Display omitted] • Solar-driven H 2 O 2 synthesis onsite and consumption to sterilize. • 2D/2D hierarchical ZnIn 2 S 4 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction photocatalyst. • The rapid activation of in- situ produced H 2 O 2 by ZnIn 2 S 4 -related catalyst. • The optimized ZnIn 2 S 4 /g-C 3 N 4 exhibits a remarkable H 2 O 2 yield of 4.27 mmol g−1. • E. coli and S. aureus are quickly eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In biomineralization, organisms have the abilities to produce biominerals with superior properties. One of the most attractive features of biominerals is the presence of the proteins consisting of different contents of amino acids in crystals. In the present work, L-phenylalanine (Phe) was used as an additive for the controllable crystallization of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3). The obtained CaCO 3 crystals were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The experimental results suggest that single calcite crystals are formed at low Phe concentrations. High concentrations of Phe inhibit the nucleation and growth of calcite, and promote the formation of vaterite crystals with solid or hollow structures. The morphology and crystal form of CaCO 3 are also significantly affected by the flow rate of CO 2. After that, a possible mechanism (competition mechanism) action of Phe in the formation of CaCO 3 is proposed. Finally, the effects of temperature on the formation of vaterite were determined to explore the growth mechanism of hexagonal vaterite. The work of controlling the preparation of CaCO 3 crystals in the presence of Phe will help us to imitate and learn nature, and bring new insights into understanding bionics. Meanwhile, it provides a new method for the synthesis of CaCO 3 biomaterials with different crystal forms and morphologies. Unlabelled Image • Biomimetic synthesis of calcium carbonate the action of Phe • Bulk calcite is formed at low Phe concentrations • Solid or hollow vaterite microsphere is obtained at high Phe concentrations • The flow rate of CO 2 and temperature exhibit significant effects on CaCO 3 • A possible mechanism action of Phe in the formation of CaCO 3 is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy is linked to adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. While questionnaires are commonly used to assess SHS exposure, their ability to capture true exposure can vary, making it difficult for researchers to harmonize SHS measures. This study aimed to compare self-reported SHS exposure with measurements of airborne SHS in personal samples of pregnant women. Methods SHS was measured on 48-hour integrated personal PM2.5 Teflon filters collected from 204 pregnant women, and self-reported SHS exposure measures were obtained via questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were calculated for airborne SHS measures, and analysis of variance tests assessed group differences in airborne SHS concentrations by self-reported SHS exposure. Results Participants were 81% Hispanic, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Geometric mean (SD) personal airborne SHS concentrations were 0.14 (9.41) µg/m3. Participants reporting lower education have significantly higher airborne SHS exposure (p  = .015). Mean airborne SHS concentrations were greater in those reporting longer duration with windows open in the home. There was no association between airborne SHS and self-reported SHS exposure; however, asking about the number of smokers nearby in the 48-hour monitoring period was most correlated with measured airborne SHS (Two + smokers: 0.30 µg/m3 vs. One: 0.12 µg/m3 and Zero: 0.15 µg/m3; p  = .230). Conclusions Self-reported SHS exposure was not associated with measured airborne SHS in personal PM2.5 samples. This suggests exposure misclassification using SHS questionnaires and the need for harmonized and validated questions to characterize this exposure in health studies. Implications This study adds to the growing body of evidence that measurement error is a major concern in pregnancy research, particularly in studies that rely on self-report questionnaires to measure SHS exposure. The study introduces an alternative method of SHS exposure assessment using objective optical measurements, which can help improve the accuracy of exposure assessment. The findings emphasize the importance of using harmonized and validated SHS questionnaires in pregnancy health research to avoid biased effect estimates. This study can inform future research, practice, and policy development to reduce SHS exposure and its adverse health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stained migration algorithms have the potential to enhance imaging results in specific geological structures, such as subsalt layers and steeply inclined layers, by incorporating the complex domain. However, conventional stained migration algorithms often require correct staining of the target geological body, which is challenging to achieve in practical applications, leading to inaccurate imaging results. To address this issue, we propose a novel regional staining algorithm that takes into account energy-constrained factors. First, we derive the discrete form of the complex domain wave equation and the imaging formula for the imaginary migration result. We then investigate the impact of stained region boundaries on seismic wave propagation when different migration velocities are used as input. By analyzing the energy difference between the reflected waves generated at the stained region boundary and those generated by the target geological body, we introduce positive and negative energy-constrained factors to control the interference waves caused by stained boundaries. The positive energy-constrained factor effectively filters out weak interference waves, while the negative energy-constrained factor eliminates strong interference waves. Numerical examples using a simple three-layer horizontal model and a complex salt model demonstrate that our new regional staining algorithm, based on energy-constrained factors, enhances the illumination of the target geological body and improves the imaging resolution of the target region, even when the stained areas are incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer type, is challenging to treat due to its high metastatic potential and low response to conventional therapies. Innovative approaches, including combination therapies, are crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects. It is developed boronophenylalanine‐containing polydopaine (B‐PDA) nanoparticles by encapsulating boronophenylalanine in polydopamine through nitrogen‐boronate coordination, targeting both boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). With stability and biocompatibility under physiological conditions, these nanoparticles utilize the phenylalanine residues in BPA to target the overexpressed neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in melanoma cells, resulting in enhanced cell‐specific targeting. B‐PDA nanoparticles demonstrated significant photothermal effects under external stimulation, inducing localized heating and triggering heterogeneous tumor cell death, thereby enhancing sensitivity to BNCT. Combining BNCT and PTT, the B‐PDA nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for melanoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (S-CAP) is a public health threat, making it essential to identify novel biomarkers and investigate the underlying mechanisms of disease severity. Methods: Here, we profiled host responses to S-CAP through proteomics analysis of plasma samples from a cohort of S-CAP patients, non-severe (NS)-CAP patients, diseases controls (DCs), and healthy controls (HCs). Then, typical differentially expressed proteins were then validated by ELISA in an independent cohort. Metabolomics analysis was further performed on both the cohort 1 and cohort 2. Then, the proteomic and metabolomic signatures were compared between the adult and child cohorts to explore the characteristics of severe pneumonia patients. Results: There were clear differences between CAP patients and controls, as well as substantial differences between the S-CAP and NS-CAP. Pathway analysis of changes revealed excessive inflammation, suppressed immunity, and lipid metabolic disorders in S-CAP cases. Interestingly, comparing these signatures between the adult and child cohorts confirmed that overactive inflammation and dysregulated lipid metabolism were common features of S-CAP patients, independent of age. The change proportion of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids were obviously different in the adult and child S-CAP cases. Conclusion: The plasma multi-omics profiling revealed that excessive inflammation, suppressed humoral immunity, and disordered metabolism are involved in S-CAP pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood trauma is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) in adults. However, no meta-analysis was performed on the prevalence of different types of childhood trauma in adults with affective disorders, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).Methods: Four databases were used to search articles regarding the prevalence of childhood emotional abuse (CEA), childhood physical abuse (CPA), childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood physical neglect (CPN), and childhood emotional neglect (CEN) in patients with MDD and BD using the CTQ.Results: A total of 17 and 11 articles were found analyzing patients with MDD and BD, respectively. A pooled prevalence rate of 33.0% and 30.0% for CEA, 17.0% and 18.0% for CPA, 19.0% and 22.0% for CSA, 37.0% and 31.0% for CEN, and 31% and 30.0% for CPN was found in patients with MDD and BD respectively. A difference in 95% confidence interval in the CSA rate between men and women was found in patients with MDD in the gender subgroup and in the rate of some types of childhood trauma in the continent subgroup in both patient types.Limitations: A limited number of articles were included in some continents, thus, the heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was generally high.Conclusion: The prevalence of CEA, CEN, and CPN in patients with affective disorders was relatively high, whereas that of CPA and CSA was relatively low. These childhood traumas might be affected by continent and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PEGylated ZnPc-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were one step prepared using a facile reprecipitation method. • Fe2+ ion-chelated PDA shell coated on the ZnPc@PEG-COOH was formed by 1O 2 -triggered polymerization. • The ZnPc@PDA-Fe2+ exhibited high production of 1O 2 as well as a high generation of OHs. • The cell inhibition rate of ZnPc@PDA-Fe2+ increased from 59% (PDT alone) to 80% (PDT/CDT). Recently photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based combinational therapeutic approaches have been extensively studied to circumvent the hurdle of tissue hypoxia in solid tumors. In this paper, we reported a facile way to prepare multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) for synergetic PDT/chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Specifically, photosensitizer ZnPc was firstly loaded inside polymeric NPs by a reprecipitation method, followed by surface coating of Fe2+ ions-chelated polydopamine (PDA) shell, which was polymerized via photo-generated 1O 2 from the ZnPc-loaded NPs. The resulting ZnPc@PDA-Fe2+ could not only generate 1O 2 upon 660-nm photo-irradiation but also produce OH when exposed to H 2 O 2 through the Fenton reaction. Taking advantage of the ZnPc and Fe2+ co-loaded NPs, in vitro combination therapy was performed on Hela cells. As a result, a higher therapeutic effect was achieved compared to single-modality PDT, corresponding to an improved cell inhibitory rate from 59% to 80%. These results demonstrate that our facilely prepared NPs are promising PDT/CDT nanoagents for efficient cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver dysfunction during pregnancy can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. (D) The cumulative abundance of liver-specific mRNA and miRNA genes was significantly increased in the HBV and ICP groups. (A) HBV genotypes determined by cfRNA in HBV-infected patients. These changes were distinct in patients with early- and late-diagnosed ICP, with the latter showing similar changes to HBV carriers, implicating different biological processes that drive the underlying pathophysiology of these subtypes of ICP. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Evidence suggests organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neurotoxic; however, the epidemiological literature remains scarce. We investigated whether prenatal exposures to OPEs were associated with child neurobehavior in the MADRES cohort. Methods: We measured nine OPE metabolites in 204 maternal urine samples (gestational age at collection: 31.4 ± 1.8 weeks). Neurobehavior problems were assessed among 36-month-old children using the Child Behavior Checklist's (CBCL) three composite scales [internalizing, externalizing, and total problems]. We examined associations between tertiles of prenatal OPE metabolites (> 50% detection) and detect/non-detect categories (< 50% detection) and CBCL composite scales using linear regression and generalized additive models. We also examined mixtures for widely detected OPEs (n = 5) using Bayesian kernel machine regression. Results: Maternal participants with detectable versus non-detectable levels of bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP) had children with 42% (95% CI: 4%, 96%) higher externalizing, 45% (-2%, 114%) higher internalizing, and 35% (3%, 78%) higher total problems. Participants in the second versus first tertile of bis(butoxethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) had children with 43% (-1%, 109%) higher externalizing scores. Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and child sex had a statistically significant interaction in internalizing (p = 0.02) and total problems (p = 0.03) models, with 120% (23%, 295%) and 57% (6%, 134%) higher scores in the third versus first BCIPP tertile among males. Among females, detectable vs non-detectable levels of prenatal BMPP were associated with 69% higher externalizing scores (5%, 170%) while the third versus first tertile of prenatal BBOEP was associated with 45% lower total problems (-68%, -6%). Although the metabolite mixture and each CBCL outcome had null associations, we observed marginal associations between di-n-butyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and higher internalizing scores (0.15; 95% CrI: -0.02, 0.32), holding other metabolites at their median. Conclusions: Our results generally suggest adverse and sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to previously understudied OPEs on neurobehavioral outcomes in 36-month children, providing evidence of potential OPE neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Studies examining diet and its links to birth outcomes among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in the United States are scarce. Objectives We aimed to identify prenatal dietary patterns, examine their relationships with birth outcomes, and evaluate the variation of these associations by maternal diabetes status [no diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preexisting diabetes]. Methods Women in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) study (n  = 465)—an ongoing, prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles—completed up to two 24-hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. We identified prenatal dietary patterns via factor analysis and evaluated their associations with infant birth weight and gestational age at birth (GA) z-scores, separately, using linear regression, as well as the associations of the dietary patterns with premature births, having an infant that was small for gestational age (SGA), and having an infant that was large for gestational age, using logistic regression and adjusting for relevant covariates. We additionally tested interaction terms between prenatal dietary patterns and maternal diabetes status in separate models. We adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate. Results We identified 2 dietary patterns: 1) a dietary pattern of solid fats, refined grains, and cheese (SRC); and 2) a dietary pattern of vegetables, oils, and fruit (VOF). Comparing the highest to lowest quartiles, the VOF was significantly associated with a greater infant birth weight (β = 0.40; 95% CIs: 0.10, 0.70; P trend = 0.011), a greater GA (β = 0.32; 95% CIs: 0.03, 0.61; P trend = 0.036), lower odds of a premature birth (OR = 0.31; 95% CIs: 0.10, 0.95; P trend = 0.049), and lower odds of having an infant that was SGA (OR = 0.18; 95% CIs: 0.06, 0.58; Ptrend  = 0.028). Only among women with GDM, a 1-SD score increase in the prenatal SRC was significantly associated with a lower infant birth weight (β = −0.20; 95% CIs −0.39, −0.02; Pinteraction  = 0.040). Conclusions Among low-income Hispanic/Latina pregnant women, greater adherence to the prenatal VOF may lower the risk of a premature birth and having an infant that is SGA. Greater adherence to the SRC, however, may adversely affect newborn birth weight among mothers with GDM, but future research is needed to verify our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is well documented that persons of color experience disproportionate exposure to environmental contaminants, including air pollution, and have poorer pregnancy outcomes. This study assessed the critical windows of exposure to ambient air pollution on in utero fetal growth among structurally marginalized populations in urban Los Angeles.Methods: Participants (N = 281) from the larger ongoing MADRES pregnancy cohort study were included in this analysis. Fetal growth outcomes were measured on average at 32 [Formula: see text] 2 weeks of gestation by a certified sonographer and included estimated fetal weight, abdominal circumference, head circumference, biparietal diameter and femur length. Daily ambient air pollutant concentrations were estimated for four pollutants (particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and less than 10 µm (PM10) in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 8-h maximum ozone (O3)) at participant residences using inverse-distance squared spatial interpolation from ambient monitoring data. Weekly gestational averages were calculated from 12 weeks prior to conception to 32 weeks of gestation (44 total weeks), and their associations with growth outcomes were modeled using adjusted distributed lag models (DLMs).Results: Participants were on average 29 years [Formula: see text] 6 old and predominately Hispanic (82%). We identified a significant sensitive window of PM2.5 exposure (per IQR increase of 6 [Formula: see text]3) between gestational weeks 4-16 for lower estimated fetal weight [Formula: see text] averaged4-16 = -8.7 g; 95% CI -16.7, -0.8). Exposure to PM2.5 during gestational weeks 1-23 was also significantly associated with smaller fetal abdominal circumference ([Formula: see text] averaged1-23 = -0.6 mm; 95% CI -1.1, -0.2). Additionally, prenatal exposure to PM10 (per IQR increase of 13 [Formula: see text]3) between weeks 6-15 of pregnancy was significantly associated with smaller fetal abdominal circumference ([Formula: see text] averaged6-15 = -0.4 mm; 95% CI -0.8, -0.1).Discussion: These results suggest that exposure to particulate matter in early to mid-pregnancy, but not preconception or late pregnancy, may have critical implications on fetal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past studies support the hypothesis that the prenatal period influences childhood growth. However, few studies explore the joint effects of exposures that occur simultaneously during pregnancy. To explore the feasibility of using mixtures methods with neighborhood-level environmental exposures, we assessed the effects of multiple prenatal exposures on body mass index (BMI) from birth to age 24 months. We used data from two cohorts: Healthy Start (n = 977) and Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES; n = 303). BMI was measured at delivery and 6, 12, and 24 months and standardized as z-scores. We included variables for air pollutants, built and natural environments, food access, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). We used two complementary statistical approaches: single-exposure linear regression and quantile-based g-computation. Models were fit separately for each cohort and time point and were adjusted for relevant covariates. Single-exposure models identified negative associations between NO 2 and distance to parks and positive associations between low neighborhood SES and BMI z-scores for Healthy Start participants; for MADRES participants, we observed negative associations between O 3 and distance to parks and BMI z-scores. G-computations models produced comparable results for each cohort: higher exposures were generally associated with lower BMI, although results were not significant. Results from the g-computation models, which do not require a priori knowledge of the direction of associations, indicated that the direction of associations between mixture components and BMI varied by cohort and time point. Our study highlights challenges in assessing mixtures effects at the neighborhood level and in harmonizing exposure data across cohorts. For example, geospatial data of neighborhood-level exposures may not fully capture the qualities that might influence health behavior. Studies aiming to harmonize geospatial data from different geographical regions should consider contextual factors when operationalizing exposure variables. • We assessed the effects of a mixture of prenatal environmental exposures on early childhood BMI. • Exposures were assessed at the neighborhood level during pregnancy. • We used quantile g-computation to models the joint effect of neighborhood exposures. • Air pollutants and socioeconomic status were associated with lower BMI in single-pollutant models. • The overall mixture was not associated with BMI at any time point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with individual inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers in mothers and neonates. However, studies of air pollution and a comprehensive panel of biomarkers across maternal and cord blood samples remain limited. Few studies used data-driven methods to identify biomarker groupings that converge biomarkers from multiple biological pathways. This study aims to investigate the impacts of prenatal air pollution on groups of biomarkers in maternal and cord blood samples. In the Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort, 87 biomarkers were quantified from 45 trimester 1 maternal blood and 55 cord blood samples. Pregnancy and trimester 1-averaged concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm in diameter (PM 2.5 and PM 10), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and ozone (O 3) were estimated, using inverse distance squared weighted spatial interpolation from regulatory air monitoring stations. Traffic-related NO x was assessed using California Line Source Dispersion Model: freeway/highway roads, non-freeway major roads, non-freeway minor roads, and their sum as total NOx. Elastic Net (EN) regression within the rexposome R package was used to group biomarkers and assess their associations with air pollution. In maternal samples, trimester 1-averaged PM 10 was associated with elevated inflammation biomarkers and lowered cardiovascular biomarkers. NO 2 exhibited positive associations with cardiovascular and inflammation markers. O 3 was inversely associated with inflammation, metabolic, and cardiovascular biomarkers. In cord blood, pregnancy-averaged PM 2.5 was associated with higher cardiovascular biomarkers and lower metabolic biomarkers. PM 10 was associated with lower inflammation and higher cardiovascular biomarkers. Total and major road NOx was associated with lower cardiovascular biomarkers. Prenatal air pollution exposure was associated with changes in biomarkers related to inflammation, cardiovascular, metabolic, cancer, and neurological function in both mothers and neonates. This study shed light on mechanisms by which air pollution can influence biological function during pregnancy. • Trimester 1 PM 10 and NO 2 altered inflammatory and cardiovascular markers in mothers. • Pregnancy-averaged PM 2.5 altered neonatal cardiovascular and metabolic markers. • Pregnancy-averaged PM 10 altered neonatal inflammation and cardiovascular markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rabbit coccidiosis is a major disease caused by various Eimeria species and causes enormous economic losses to the rabbit industry. Coccidia infection has a wide impact on the gut microbiota and intestinal biochemical equilibrium. In the present study, we established a model of Eimeria intestinalis infection in rabbits to evaluate the jejunal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles. Methods: Rabbits in the infected group were orally inoculated with 3 × 103E. intestinalis oocysts. On the eighth day of infection, jejunal contents and feces were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis, respectively. Jejunum tissues were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results: Histopathological analysis showed that the whole jejunum was parasitized by E. intestinalis in a range of life cycle stages, and PAS staining showed that E. intestinalis infection caused extensive loss of goblet cells. IHC staining revealed that TNF-α expression was higher in the E. intestinalis infection group. Moreover, both the jejunal microbiota and metabolites significantly altered after E. intestinalis infection. At the genus level, the abundances of Escherichia and Enterococcus significantly increased in the infected group compared with the control group, while those of Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Coprococcus, and Sarcina significantly decreased. In addition, 20 metabolites and two metabolic pathways were altered after E. intestinalis infection, and the major disrupted metabolic pathway was lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Eimeria intestinalis infection induced intestinal inflammation and destroyed the intestinal homeostasis at the parasitized sites, leading to significant changes in the gut microbiota and subsequent corresponding changes in metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression substantially contributes to pregnancy-related morbidity, and pregnancy is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable window for exposure effects on maternal mental health. Exposures to organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous and may have neurotoxic effects; however, their impacts on prenatal depression remain unknown. We evaluated associations of third trimester OPE metabolites on maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy. This study included 422 participants in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort, a prospective pregnancy cohort of primarily low-income and Hispanic participants residing in Los Angeles, California. We measured concentrations of nine OPEs in third trimester spot urine samples (mean gestational age = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). Using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, we classified participants as having probable depression during pregnancy (N = 137) or not (N = 285) if one or more CES-D scores administered at each trimester met the suggested cutoff score for clinically significant depressive symptoms (≥16). We estimated associations of prenatal OPE metabolite concentrations in tertiles and risk of prenatal depression using modified Log-Poisson regression. We examined associations of the OPE mixture on depression during pregnancy using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Participants with the highest tertiles of DPHP and BDCIPP exposure had a 67% (95% CI: 22%, 128%) and 47% (95% CI: 4%, 108%) increased risk of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy, respectively. No associations between other OPE metabolites and maternal depression symptoms were observed. In mixture analyses, we observed a positive and linear association between higher exposure to the OPE metabolite mixture and odds of prenatal maternal depression, primarily driven by DPHP. Our findings provide new evidence of associations between frequently detected OPE metabolites on maternal depression symptoms during pregnancy. Results could inform future intervention efforts aimed at reducing perinatal maternal depression. • Pregnancy is a vulnerable window for environmental stressors on mental health. • We evaluated associations between prenatal OPEs and depression during pregnancy. • Higher DPHP and BDCIPP was associated with increased prenatal depressive symptoms. • No associations were observed between other OPEs and depressive symptoms. • Higher OPE metabolite mixtures were associated with increased depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A superior ultra-thin g-C 3 N 4 material is screened for efficient photocatalytic in- situ H 2 O 2 production to remove antibiotics via a cascade reaction, which is attributed to its special surface electronic structure, rapid charge transfer efficiency and nearly two-electron (2e-) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. [Display omitted] • Efficient strategy of photocatalytic in- situ H 2 O 2 production to remove antibiotics. • A superior ultra-thin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets is screened for H 2 O 2 production. • Unpaired electron of g-C 3 N 4 is an important factor affecting performance. • The maximum H 2 O 2 production rate of pure g-C 3 N 4 arrives 665.4 μmol h−1 g−1. Photocatalytic in- situ hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) preparation for cascade reactions is a novel and promising application strategy, especially for environmental remediation. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) has been proven to be one of the most effective catalysts. However, the H 2 O 2 yields on g-C 3 N 4 materials fabricated by different precursors varied greatly, so that the reasons need to be explored urgently for the later using. In this work, a series of different ultra-thin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets catalysts are synthesized, on which the H 2 O 2 generation and tetracycline removal abilities are evaluated comprehensively. Among these, the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets prepared by dicyandiamide (DCN) is demonstrated the excellent one with the maximum H 2 O 2 production efficiency of 665.4 μmol h−1 g−1, and its apparent quantum yield (AQY) arrives to 9.3% when illuminated at 400 nm. The superior photocatalytic performance of DCN is attributed to its nearly two-electron (2e-) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process, numerous unpaired electrons, suitable band structure, rapid charge separation and transfer efficiency. This work provides an effective strategy for wastewater purification without adding H 2 O 2 , which has screened an excellent ultra-thin g-C 3 N 4 catalyst, for the further photocatalysis research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An antibacterial PU coating with QAS was developed from polycarbonate diol (PCDL), 4,4'-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol (DMAPD) and 1-bromododecane. The structural composition and surface morphology of this PU coating were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Besides, the QAS-bearing PU showed markedly antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The samples were marked as PU-2, PU-3, PU-4, PU-5, PU-6 and PU-7 according to the different theoretical molar fraction of DMAPD in chain extenders, which were 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%, respectively. Apparently, PU-4 coating showed the best antibacterial activity against S. aureus, whereas PU-5 against E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rabbit can produce meat, fur and leather, and serves as an important biomedical animal model. Understanding the microbial community of rabbits helps to raise rabbits healthily and better support their application as animal models. Results: In this study, we selected 4 healthy Belgium gray rabbits to collect the microbial samples from 12 body sites, including skin, lung, uterus, mouth, stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, colon, cecum, cecal appendix and rectum. The microbiota across rabbit whole body was investigated via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. After quality control, 46 samples were retained, and 3,148 qualified ASVs were obtained, representing 23 phyla and 264 genera. Based on the weighted UniFrac distances, these samples were divided into the large intestine (Lin), stomach and small intestine (SSin), uterus (Uter), and skin, mouth and lung (SML) groups. The diversity of Lin microbiota was the highest, followed by those of the SSin, Uter and SML groups. In the whole body, Firmicutes (62.37%), Proteobacteria (13.44%) and Bacteroidota (11.84%) were the most predominant phyla. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal tract was significantly higher than that in the non-intestinal site, while Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the non-intestinal site. Among the 264 genera, 35 were the core microbiota distributed in all body sites. Sixty-one genera were specific in the SML group, while 13, 8 and 1 were specifically found in the Lin, SSin and Uter groups, respectively. The Lin group had the most difference with other groups, there were average 72 differential genera between the Lin and other groups. The functional prediction analysis showed that microbial function within each group was similar, but there was a big difference between the intestinal tracts and the non-intestinal group. Notably, the function of microorganism in uterus and mouth were the most different from those in the gastrointestinal sites; rabbit's coprophagy of consuming soft feces possibly resulted in little differences of microbial function between stomach and large intestinal sites. Conclusion: Our findings improve the knowledge about rabbit microbial communities throughout whole body and give insights into the relationship of microbial communities among different body sites in health rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the universal applicability of microencapsulation on core materials. From this point, nine different fragrance oils were selected as core materials, and the corresponding melamine resin shell microcapsules were prepared by a uniform process. According to characterization results, the microencapsulation shows good universality for most core materials, but their encapsulation efficiency (E%, 17.28%‐88.26%), particle size distribution (D50, 9.65‐33.82 μm) and optical micro‐morphology are significantly different. By analysing the influence of the interfacial tension (F), relative dielectric constant (ε), viscosity (τ), density (ρ) and refractive index (n) of the core materials on encapsulation, it was found that the F determines whether the core material is suitable, and f ≥ 1 is the basic condition for the core material to have the value of microencapsulation. Besides, the ε and n both can be used as auxiliary criteria, τ and ρ also influence the microencapsulation process. Based on these data, a "Dimensionless encapsulation number" x=F0.25·ρn‐nH2O/ε0.25·τ0.5 was tentatively established, and the mathematical relation between it and corresponding E% was constructed, which could be applied as a semi‐empirical formula in practical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methamphetamine (METH), a psychoactive-stimulant facilitates massive accumulation of autophagosomes and causes autophagy-associated neuronal death. However, the underlying mechanisms involving METH-induced auto-phagosome accumulation remain poorly understood. In the current study, autophagic flux was tracked by mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus, 900 μM METH treatment was found to significantly disrupt autophagic flux, which was further validated by remarkable increase of co-localized of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62, enhancement of LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels, and massive autophagosome puncta aggregation. With the cycloheximide (CHX) treatment, METH treatment was displayed a significant inhibition of SQSTM1/p62 degradation. Therefore, the mRNAs associated with vesicle degradation were screened, and syntaxin 17 (Stx17) and dynein-dynactin mRNA levels significantly decreased, an effect was proved in protein level as well. Intriguingly, METH induced autophagosome accumulation and autophagic flux disturbance was incredibly retarded by overexpression of Stx17, which was validated by the restoration of the fusion autophagosome–late endosome/lysosome fusion. Moreover, Stx17 overexpression obviously impeded the METH-induced decrease of co-localization of the retrograded motor protein dynein/dynactin and autophagosome-late endosome, though the dynein/dynactin proteins were not involved in autophagosome–late endosome/lysosome fusion. Collectively, our findings unravel the mechanism of METH-induced autophagosome accumulation involving autophagosome–late endosome/lysosome fusion deficiency and that autophagy-enhancing mechanisms such as the overexpression of Stx17 may be therapeutic strategies for the treatment of METH-induced neuronal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin is a flavonoid that is widely present in plant-derived food. Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (Q3GA) is a predominant metabolite of quercetin in animal and human plasma. The inhibitory effects of the UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs) caused by herbal components may be a key factor for the clinical assessment of herb-drug interactions (HDIs). The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory profile of quercetin and Q3GA on recombinant UGT1A isoforms in vitro. The metabolism of the nonspecific substrate 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) by the UGT1A isoforms was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Preliminary screening experiments indicated that quercetin exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 enzymes than Q3GA. Kinetic experiments were performed to characterize the type of inhibition caused by quercetin and Q3GA towards these UGT isoforms. Quercetin exerted non-competitive inhibition on UGT1A1 and UGT1A6, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 7.47 and 7.07 µM and inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki) values of 2.18 and 28.87 µM, respectively. Quercetin also exhibited competitive inhibition on UGT1A3 and UGT1A9, with IC50 values of 10.58 and 2.81 µM and Ki values of 1.60 and 0.51 µM, respectively. However, Q3GA displayed weak inhibition on UGT1A1, UGT1A3 and UGT1A6 enzymes with IC50 values of 45.21, 106.5 and 51.37 µM, respectively. In the present study, quercetin was a moderate inhibitor of UGT1A1 and UGT1A3, a weak inhibitor of UGT1A6, and a strong inhibitor on UGT1A9. The results of the present study suggested potential HDIs that may occur following quercetin co-administration with drugs that are mainly metabolized by UGT1A1, UGT1A3 and UGT1A9 enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an insidious onset and high malignancy. Most patients have progressed to intermediate and advanced stages by the time of diagnosis, and the long-term efficacy of traditional treatments is not satisfactory. Immunotherapy has shown great promise in the treatment of HCC in recent years; however, the low immunogenicity and severe immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment result in a low response rate to immunotherapy in HCC patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the immunogenicity of HCC and thus enhance its sensitivity to immunotherapy. Here, we prepared the boronophenylalanine-modified dual drug-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles by a facile method. This system used boronophenylalanine-modified polydopamine nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle and photothermal material for the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and the immune agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), with both active targeting and lysosomal escape functions. The cancer cells are rapidly killed by photothermal treatment, and then chemotherapy is used to further kill cancer cells that are inadequately treated by photothermal treatment. The combination of photothermal-chemotherapy synergistically induces the release of relevant antigens from tumor cells, thus initiating anti-tumor immunity; and then cooperates with CpG-ODN to trigger a powerful anti-tumor immune memory effect, potently and durably inhibiting HCC recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) composite photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic performance was prepared by the solvothermal method. For the BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (BNMT) system, the contents of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) in BNMT-4, BNMT-5, BNMT-7, BNMT-9, and BNMT-10 were 4 wt %, 5 wt %, 7 wt %, 9 wt %, and 10 wt %, respectively. XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM characterizations indicated that BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was successfully prepared. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra photoelectrochemical analysis indicated that BNMT-9 can make the specific surface area and photo absorption region larger than BiOI. In addition, the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers was improved, and the recombination efficiency was reduced. The degradation percentages of Rhodamine B (RhB) and p-chlorophenol (P-CP) reached 99% and 90% over BNMT-9 under visible light irradiation. Additionally, the catalysts had high stability. The results of the active spices trapping experiments test indicated that h+ was the main active species. The possible degradation mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have revealed that global extrinsic noise arising from stochasticity in the intracellular biochemical environment plays a critical role in heterogeneous cell physiologies. However, it remains largely unclear how such extrinsic noise dynamically influences downstream reactions and whether it could be neutralized by cellular reactions. Here, using fluorescent protein (FP) maturation as a model biochemical reaction, we explored how cellular reactions might combat global extrinsic noise in mammalian cells. We developed a novel single‐cell assay to systematically quantify the maturation rate and the associated noise for over a dozen FPs. By exploiting the variation in the maturation rate for different FPs, we inferred that global extrinsic noise could be temporally filtered by maturation reactions, and as a result, the noise levels for slow‐maturing FPs are lower compared to fast‐maturing FPs. This mechanism is validated by directly perturbing the maturation rates of specific FPs and measuring the resulting noise levels. Together, our results revealed a potentially general principle governing extrinsic noise propagation, where timescale separation allows cellular reactions to cope with dynamic global extrinsic noise. Synopsis: This study measures fluorescent protein (FP) maturation rates in single mammalian cells, and applies stochastic simulations to reveal how cellular reactions mitigate global extrinsic noise arising from fluctuations in the biochemical environment. A novel assay is developed to quantify the maturation rates of 14 FPs at the single cell level.Single‐cell data reveals non‐genetic heterogeneity (i.e., noise) in protein maturation rates.The noise level in maturation reaction rates exhibits a rate‐dependent behavior, which can be explained by a time‐averaging mechanism that filters extrinsic noise.This model is supported by experiments that directly perturb the maturation rates of specific FPs and measure the resulting noise levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorder and imposes a great burden on both the individual and the society. Previous studies indicate a high comorbidity of anxiety disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have examined the comorbidity of anxiety and ADHD among medical college students in mainland China. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety and the associated risk factor of anxiety disorder as well as to explore the association between ADHD symptoms, depression, suicidal behaviors and anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed among 4882 medical college students who were recruited and enrolled with convenience sampling. Self-reported demographic information and clinical characteristics were collected online on a computer or through a social media app named Wechat. Results: The prevalence of anxiety in this study was 19.9%. Students with anxiety were more likely to have a poor relationship with parents, be of Han nationality, have smoking or drinking habits, have an extensive physical disorder history and have engaged in suicidal behaviors. The independent risk factors for anxiety were: smoking, physical disorder history, suicidal ideations, suicide attempts, inattention and hyperactivity. Significant associations were observed between anxiety and depression, inattention, hyperactivity, suicide plans and suicide attempts. Conclusions: Nearly one in five medical students suffered from anxiety. The findings of this study indicate the importance of addressing both anxiety and ADHD symptoms in order to better promote mental health and the well-being of medical students as well as reduce suicidal behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The staining algorithm-based reverse time migration (RTM) technique has shown promise in improving imaging results for certain complex structures, such as subsalt and steeply dipping layers, by incorporating the complex domain. However, RTM suffers from low-resolution images as it utilizes the adjoint of the forward modeling operator rather than its inverse operator. To address this limitation, we propose a new approach called stained least-squares RTM (ST-LSRTM) that enhances the gradient through the integration of the staining algorithm. In ST-LSRTM, we first develop the wave equation and Born approximation, transitioning from the real to the complex domains. To simplify the linear perturbation operator, we constrain the magnitude of the imaginary velocity. Next, we compute the gradient in the complex domain. The enhanced gradient is obtained by replacing the traditional gradient with the normalized stained gradient within the stained region. Finally, we construct a misfit function based on the L2 norm and calculate the step size and gradient direction using the conjugate gradient method. Model tests demonstrate that ST-LSRTM achieves high-resolution imaging results even when the stained area is imprecise. Comparisons of waveform curves and normalized residual curves confirm that ST-LSRTM approaches true reflection coefficient model more closely compared to traditional LSRTM. • We propose a new approach called ST-LSRTM that enhances the gradient through the integration of the staining algorithm. • In ST-LSRTM, we first develop the wave equation and Born approximation, transitioning from the real to the complex domains. • Model tests demonstrate that ST-LSRTM achieves high-resolution imaging results even when the stained area is imprecise. • ST-LSRTM is closer to the true reflection coefficient model compared to traditional LSRTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]