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Background: Tendon calcification is a common disease, and it could happen in the tendons of the shoulder, wrist, etc. However, tendon calcification in the superior and inferior gemellus is rare, and in this region is likely to be misdiagnosed. Case Presentation: Here, our case report first reported a 53‐year‐old female patient with an unusual case of calcific tendinitis of the gemellus superior and gemellus inferior muscles. The patient presented with severe pain in the right hip and lower extremities, not relieved using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The preoperative physical examination indicated an abnormality in the hip joint. Preoperative imaging confirmed the results of the physical examination and showed a right hip lesion. We did not make a definite diagnosis preoperatively but considered that the patient might have an osteochondroma. However, surgical findings indicated that the lesion was not in the hip capsule on subsequent arthroscopic surgery, which suggested that the preoperative diagnosis might be wrong. We opened the posterior capsule and found a "toothpaste‐like" lesion in the superior and inferior gemellus muscles' tendon. We thought this might be the calcified tendon. Then the arthroscopic surgery was finished to remove the lesion, and the removed tissue was sent to the pathology department for pathological examination. The pathological report confirmed the diagnosis of the calcified tendon. Postoperative follow‐up was conducted. The effect of the operation was noticeable. Postoperative symptoms were relieved. Conclusions: Calcification of the tendons of the superior and inferior gemellus muscles can be easily misdiagnosed, and the disease can be treated minimally with arthroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reused. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that the treatment process mentioned in this article is an effective process for the treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry. By the treatment, the solid materials in black liquor are transferred into two by-products and the other components are reused or evaporated. Thus, no wastewater except some condensation water would be discharged in pulping process and the problem of pollution of black liquor would be effectively solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phloridzin is a nutraceutical. Its use in food, medicine and cosmetics is limited because of its low aqueous solubility and stability limits, but it can be improved by complexing with cyclodextrins. In this study, we investigated the inclusion mechanism between phloridzin and hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ultraviolet–visible spectrometry (UV), infrared spectrometry (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR) and molecular docking simulations. The ITC results found that the equilibrium binding constant of HP-β-CD with phloridzin was higher than that of β-CD. Their inclusion was a spontaneous process with negative ΔG, ΔH and ΔS values. UV spectra showed that the aqueous solubility of phloridzin was enhanced by HP-β-CD. Our IR analysis verified the inclusion complexation of phloridzin into the HP-β-CD cavity. The Autodock determined that the substitution distribution of HP-β-CD influenced not only the orientation and depth degree of phloridzin within the cavity, but also the binding energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by acute pancreatitis (AP) exacerbates pancreatic injury and systemic inflammatory responses. The alleviation of gut microbiota dysbiosis through faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered a potential strategy to reduce tissue damage and inflammation in many clinical disorders. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of gut microbiota and microbiota‐derived metabolites on AP and further clarify the mechanisms associated with pancreatic damage and inflammation. Experimental Approach: AP rat and mouse models were established by administration of caerulein or sodium taurocholate in vivo. Pancreatic acinar cells were exposed to caerulein and lipopolysaccharide in vitro to simulate AP. Key Results: Normobiotic FMT alleviated AP‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and ameliorated the severity of AP, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and inflammation. Normobiotic FMT induced higher levels of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)‐associated metabolites, particularly nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). NMN administration mitigated AP‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and inflammation by increasing pancreatic NAD+ levels. Similarly, overexpression of the NAD+‐dependent mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) alleviated the severity of AP. Furthermore, SIRT3 deacetylated peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) and enhanced PRDX5 protein expression, thereby promoting its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities in AP. Importantly, normobiotic FMT‐mediated NMN metabolism induced SIRT3–PRDX5 pathway activation during AP. Conclusion and Implications: Gut microbiota‐derived NMN alleviates the severity of AP by activating the SIRT3–PRDX5 pathway. Normobiotic FMT could be served as a potential strategy for AP treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the existing numerical models of shield tunnel with double lining, an improved numerical model is developed and its rationality is verified by a similar model test. In the improved numerical model, lining, joint, and junction surface, respectively, are simulated by beam, spring, and a combination of compression bar and spring. Through the comparison of the numerical analysis results of the improved model and existing models, it turns out that the defects or problems in the existing numerical models are resolved; tension appearance on the contact surface and junction surface and the abrupt change of bending moment in linings are solved in the improved model because the compression bar element and the coupling technology of node displacement in the junction surface is applied. Therefore, the improved numerical model could be applied to analyze double lining with waterproof on the junction surface and separation of the junction surface under an unfavorable load. In this paper, the parameter formulas of element stiffness, applicable to the junction surface and contact surface of double lining, are given definitely, and the influence of the element amount of junction surface on the analysis results is discussed. Based on the improved numerical model, the mechanical behavior of the double lining of the Huangpu River Tunnel in China is studied, and some conclusions are obtained as follows. (1) The thickness increase of the double lining will clearly increase its bending moment, but it has little influence on its axial force. (2) The allocation proportion of the bending moment between the segment lining and secondary lining has no linear relationship with the ratio of the lining thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main mechanism of hyaluronidase 1(HYAL‐1) in the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) was unknown. In this study, a comprehensive inventory of pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative clinical and biological data of two cohorts (62 pancreatic cancer [PCa] and 111 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDAC]) which could induce POPF were retrospectively analyzed. Then, a total of 7644 genes correlated with HYAL‐1 was predicted in PDAC tissues and the enriched pathway, kinase targets and biological process of those correlated genes were evaluated. Finally, a mouse pancreatic fistula (PF) model was first built and in vitro studies were performed to investigate the effects of HYAL‐1 on PF progression. Our data indicated that preoperative serum HYAL‐1 level, pancreatic fibrosis score, and pancreatic duct size were valuable factors for detecting POPF of Grade B and C. The serum HYAL‐1 level of 2.07 mg/ml and pancreatic fibrosis score of 2.5 were proposed as the cutoff values for indicating POPF. The bioinformatic analysis and in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that HYAL‐1 facilitates pancreatic acinar cell autophagy via the dephosphorylation of adenosine 5'‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways, which exacerbate pancreatic secretion and inflammation. In summary, the preoperative serum HYAL‐1 was a significant predictor for POPF in patients who underwent PD. Tumor‐induced HYAL‐1 is one of core risk in accelerating PF and then promoting pancreatic secretion and acute inflammation response through the AMPK and STAT3‐induced autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic response of the overlapped shield tunnels subjected to the train-induced vibration is studied using a nonlinear finite element software. A three-dimensional numerical model is established, and the fabricated segment linings which contain steel bars are used to simulate the shield tunnel. The interaction behaviors, i.e., tensile, shear, and bending, between segment linings are successfully captured by defining the segment lining circumference interface and the joint bolt model. The results show that the dynamic response of the segment linings of the overlapped shield tunnels is affected by the vibration loads caused by the running trains. The additional internal forces generated in the shield tunnels with the fabricated segment linings (joint interfaces are explicitly represented) are larger than those of tunnels which use homogeneous equivalent stiffness model. The opening and staggered deformation response of the joint interfaces is related to the train locations. The axial force and shear response of the bolt under the dynamic load of the train are closely associated with the opening and staggered deformation of joints. The steel spring floating slab can greatly reduce the vertical acceleration and the displacement at the arch bottom of the lower tunnel. The vertical acceleration and the displacement of the bottom arch at the L-III segment lining with the steel spring floating plates are 0.65 times and 0.78 times of the tunnels without the steel spring floating plates, respectively. This study reveals the vibration response features of the overlapped shield tunnels under the train-induced vibration loads, which will help improve the waterproofing capacity and stability of shield tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new mononuclear complexes [Co(HL)L]NO 3 (1) and [Cu(HL) 2 ](NO 3) 2 (2) were synthesized. The interactions of 1 and 2 with DNA/BSA have been studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, microcalorimetry and molecular docking method. Furthermore, antibacterial activities of three compounds were also determined. Two mononuclear complexes [ Co(HL)L ] NO 3 (1) and [ Cu(HL) 2 ](NO 3) 2 (2)were synthesized from the reaction of 2-acetylpyridine-4-hydroxy phenylacetyl acylhydrazone (HL) with copper/cobalt nitrate hydrate. The single-crystal XRD results revealed the central Co and Cu ions in two complexes are both six-coordinated showing a distorted octahedral geometry. Thermal stabilities of 1 , 2 and HL were explored by thermogravimetry (TG) and the apparent activation energy (E a) followed the order 2 > 1 > HL. The interactions of 1 , 2 , HL with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated through UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, microcalorimetry and molecular docking approach. From UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy results, it is shown that 1 , 2 and HL can bind with CT-DNA by intercalation mode and quench the fluorescence of BSA through static process. The binding constants K ib of three compounds toward CT-DNA/BSA followed the order: 1 > 2 > HL. Thermogenic curves of three compounds interacting with CT-DNA and BSA were measured by microcalorimetry. The calculated enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs' free energy change (Δ H > 0, ΔS > 0, Δ G < 0) indicated that all the interaction processes were endothermic and spontaneous. Molecular docking results further validated the intercalation binding mode of 1 , 2 and HL with CT-DNA and the fluorescence quenching of tryptophan in BSA in presence of three compounds. It also demonstrated that hydroxyl, benzene ring, pyridine ring, and carbonyl group of 1 , 2 , HL are the most favorable binding site in DNA/BSA interaction. The antimicrobial activities of HL , 1 and 2 against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) were determined presenting that 1 and HL can inhibit the growth of S. aureus and B. subtilis , separately. Cellular uptakes of 1 and 2 into S. aureus and B. subtilis showed the amount of Co accumulation in S. aureus is bigger than that of Cu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]