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Bioinspired by the active sites of multicopper oxidases (MCOs), bi/multinuclear copper complexes have attracted great attention in promoting catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report the preparation of a Cu–N–C electrocatalyst Cu-BPOZ@CNB-400 for efficient ORR, which was obtained by low temperature pyrolysis of a dinuclear 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (BPOZ) copper complex loaded on a N-doped carbon support at 400 °C. Cu-BPOZ@CNB-400 exhibited a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.86 V vs. RHE for the ORR in 0.1 M KOH solution, which was significantly higher than that of the Cu-BPOZ@CNB-800 (E1/2 = 0.83 V) catalyst treated under high temperature (at 800 °C) and the control catalyst Cu-Phen@CNB-400 (E1/2 = 0.82 V) derived from low-temperature-treatment (at 400 °C) of a mononuclear phenanthroline-coordinated-Cu complex loaded on a N-doped carbon support. When Cu-BPOZ@CNB-400 was applied as the cathode catalyst in zinc–air batteries a maximum power density (Pmax) of 127 mW cm−2 could be achieved, demonstrating comparable catalyst performance to the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C (Pmax = 122 mW cm−2) and the control Cu-Phen@CNB-400 catalyst (Pmax = 105 mW cm−2) under similar experimental conditions. Low-temperature pyrolysis of dinuclear copper complexes on a carbon support improved the charge transfer efficiency, inhibited metal aggregation, and could produce highly dispersed Cu–N–C catalysts with dinuclear copper sites for promoting the 4e−-reduction selectivity of the ORR. It thus provides a cost-effective approach for the controllable fabrication of efficient ORR catalysts to be applied for energy conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is an effective, scientific and safe training method, but its effect on the overall quality of athletes remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to clarify the effects of BFRT on the physical fitness among athletes. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and SCOUPS, the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess methodological quality, and RevMan 5.4 and STATA 15.0 software were used to analyze the data. A meta-analysis of 28 studies with a total sample size of 542 athletes aged 14–26 years and assessed as low risk for quality was performed. Our results revealed that the BFRT intervention had small to large improvements in the athletes' strength (ES = 0.74–1.03), power (ES = 0.46), speed (ES = 0.54), endurance (ES = 1.39–1.40), body composition (ES = 0.28–1.23), while there was no significant effect on body mass (p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that moderator variables (training duration, frequency, load, cuff pressure, and pressurization time) also had varying degrees of effect on athletes' physical fitness parameters. In conclusion, BFRT had a positive effect on the physical fitness parameters of the athletes, with significantly improved strength, power, speed, endurance and body composition, but not body mass parameters. When the training frequency ≥ 3 times/week, cuff pressure ≥ 160 mmHg, and pressurization time ≥ 10 min, the BFRT group was more favorable for the improvement of physical fitness parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed a new strategy for CO2 hydrogenation to prepare light olefins by introducing Zn into GaZrOx to construct ZnGaZrOx ternary oxides, which was combined with SAPO‐34 to prepare a high–performance ZnGaZrOx/SAPO‐34 tandem catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins. By optimizing the Zn doping content, the ratio and mode of the two–phase composite, and the process conditions, the 3.5 %ZnGaZrOx/SAPO‐34 tandem catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance and good high–temperature inhibition of the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The catalyst achieved 26.6 % CO2 conversion, 82.1 % C2=−C4= selectivity and 11.8 % light olefins yield. The ZnGaZrOx formed by introducing an appropriate amount of Zn into GaZrOx significantly enhanced the spillover H2 effect and also induced the generation of abundant oxygen vacancies to effectively promote the activation of CO2. Importantly, the RWGS reaction was also significantly suppressed at high temperatures, with the CO selectivity being only 46.1 % at 390 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ALKBH5 plays an important protective role during the post-MI repair phase. • The loss of ALKBH5 in fibroblasts leads to cardiac rupture and deteriorated cardiac function. • This study identities the ALKBH5 as hypoxia-related role in cardiac fibroblasts. • ALKBH5 regulates fibroblast activation via ErbB4 mRNA demethylation. • ALKBH5/ErbB4 are possible therapeutic targets to reduce the occurrence of cardiac rupture. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation produces a marked effect on cardiovascular diseases. The m6A demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), as an m6A "eraser", is responsible for decreased m6A modification. However, its role in cardiac fibroblasts during the post-myocardial infarction (MI) healing process remains elusive. To investigate the effect of ALKBH5 in cardiac fibroblasts during infarct repair. MI was mimicked by permanent left anterior descending artery ligation in global ALKBH5-knockout, ALKBH5-knockin, and fibroblast-specific ALKBH5-knockout mice to study the function of ALKBH5 during post-MI collagen repair. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed to explore potential ALKBH5 targets. Dramatic alterations in ALKBH5 expression were observed during the early stages post-MI and in hypoxic fibroblasts. Global ALKBH5 knockin reduced infarct size and ameliorated cardiac function after MI. The global and fibroblast-specific ALKBH5-knockout mice both exhibited low survival rates along with poor collagen repair, impaired cardiac function, and cardiac rupture. Both in vivo and in vitro ALKBH5 loss resulted in impaired fibroblast activation and decreased collagen deposition. Additionally, hypoxia, but not TGF-β1 or Ang II, upregulated ALKBH5 expression in myofibroblasts by HIF-1α-dependent transcriptional regulation. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 promoted the stability of ErbB4 mRNA and the degradation of ST14 mRNA via m6A demethylation. Fibroblast-specific ErbB4 overexpression ameliorated the impaired fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation and poor post-MI repair due to ALKBH5 knockout. Fibroblast ALKBH5 positively regulates post-MI healing by stabilization of ErbB4 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. ALKBH5/ErbB4 might be potential therapeutic targets for post-MI cardiac rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) demonstrates the potential for tissue growth and remodel, offering particular benefit for pediatric patients. A significant challenge in designing functional TEHV lies in replicating the anisotropic mechanical properties of native valve leaflets. To establish a biomimetic TEHV model, we employed melt-electrowriting (MEW) technology to fabricate an anisotropic PCL scaffold. By integrating the anisotropic MEW-PCL scaffold with bioactive hydrogels (GelMA/ChsMA), we successfully crafted an elastic scaffold with tunable mechanical properties closely mirroring the structure and mechanical characteristics of natural heart valves. This scaffold not only supports the growth of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) within a 3D culture but also fosters the remodeling of extracellular matrix of VICs. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the introduction of ChsMA improved the hemocompatibility and endothelialization of TEHV scaffold. The in vivo experiments revealed that, compared to their non-hydrogel counterparts, the PCL-GelMA/ChsMA scaffold, when implanted into SD rats, significantly suppressed immune reactions and calcification. In comparison with the PCL scaffold, the PCL-GelMA/ChsMA scaffold exhibited higher bioactivity and superior biocompatibility. The amalgamation of MEW technology and biomimetic design approaches provides a new paradigm for manufacturing scaffolds with highly controllable microstructures, biocompatibility, and anisotropic mechanical properties required for the fabrication of TEHVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coaxially integrated macro-micro composite actuator (MMCA) with large stroke and high accuracy is proposed by combining a voice coil motor (VCM) with the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA). The magnetic circuit model of the macro-motion part is established based on the driving principle of VCM, and the multi-field coupling model of the micro-motion part is established based on the Jiles-Atherton model. The finite element method was used to analyze the relationship between displacement, output force, velocity, acceleration, and time of the macro-motion part under different currents, the magnetic flux density, output force, and displacement curves of the micro-motion part, and the mutual influence between the macro and micro motion parts were analyzed. The prototype of the MMCA was developed, and an experimental test platform was built. The results show that the MMCA macro-motion displacement curve can fit the simulation curve well during open-loop positioning, and when the current size of the input macro-motion coil is 4 A, the experimental curve of the MMCA is the most consistent with the simulation curve. When closed-loop control, the motion curve of the drive can well follow the set displacement curve, in which the maximum stroke of the prototype developed is 50 mm, the positioning error of the macro-motion part is less than 20 μm, the maximum stroke of the micro-motion part is 40 μm, and the overall positioning accuracy of the MMCA is 0.14 μm. The research results provide a new idea and theoretical basis for further optimization and development of precision positioning platform with high precision and large stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During industrial and laboratory processes involving material grinding, the grinding media endure prolonged high-collision and friction environments, resulting in substantial wear. Consequently, this study adopts the hot-pressing sintering technique in powder metallurgy to prepare SiC-reinforced Fe-based wear-resistant composite grinding media, aiming to increase wear performance. For this purpose, Fe with 10 wt% SiC powders were milled for the fabrication of the composite. Then, sintering was performed by hot press at 1100 °C in a furnace. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction were employed to investigate the microstructures and phase of SiC-reinforced Fe-based matrix composite. Subsequently, comparative performance evaluations of the newly developed grinding media and traditional chromium-based media were conducted in terms of wear rate and grinding efficiency. The wear resistance tests revealed that the SiC-reinforced composite media displayed significantly superior wear resistance across various abrasives compared to the chromium-containing alternatives. Specifically, the composite media achieved a wear rate reduction of 2.9 times against standard sand over 1 h, and 2.3 and 2.4 times against sandstone and iron slag, respectively. Moreover, extended grinding for 3 hours further enhanced these reductions to 3.1, 2.4, and 2.7 times, respectively. Additionally, efficiency assessments indicated that at a 1:1 material ratio, the composite media outperformed the chromium-containing media in grinding efficiency by 7.5%, 12.5%, and 10.3% for standard sand, sandstone, and iron slag, respectively. Further increasing the material ratio to 3:1 resulted in efficiency improvements of 7.4%, 17.5%, and 11.3%, correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylanases derived from fungi, including phytopathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi, are commonly known to trigger plant immune responses. However, there is limited research on the ability of bacterial‐derived xylanases to trigger plant immunity. Here, a novel xylanase named CcXyn was identified from the myxobacterium Cystobacter sp. 0969, which displays broad‐spectrum activity against both phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. CcXyn belongs to the glycoside hydrolases (GH) 11 family and shares a sequence identity of approximately 32.0%–45.0% with fungal xylanases known to trigger plant immune responses. Treatment of Nicotiana benthamiana with purified CcXyn resulted in the induction of hypersensitive response (HR) and defence responses, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of defence gene expression, ultimately enhancing the resistance of N. benthamiana to Phytophthora nicotianae. These findings indicated that CcXyn functions as a microbe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMP) elicitor for plant immune responses, independent of its enzymatic activity. Similar to fungal xylanases, CcXyn was recognized by the NbRXEGL1 receptor on the cell membrane of N. benthamiana. Downstream signalling was shown to be independent of the BAK1 and SOBIR1 co‐receptors, indicating the involvement of other co‐receptors in signal transduction following CcXyn recognition in N. benthamiana. Moreover, xylanases from other myxobacteria also demonstrated the capacity to trigger plant immune responses in N. benthamiana, indicating that xylanases in myxobacteria are ubiquitous in triggering plant immune functions. This study expands the understanding of xylanases with plant immune response‐inducing properties and provides a theoretical basis for potential applications of myxobacteria in biocontrol strategies against phytopathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing but limited literature on psychological distress among Chinese students, especially the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a longitudinal comparison between in school and at home. This study aimed to assess the psychological status of adolescents in school and related risk and protective factors. We surveyed 13,637 adolescents before the COVID-19 outbreak (T1) and 10,216 after two months of home confinement (T2). The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms or the severity of depression among the adolescents. In addition, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scales were also used to screen for experiences of abuse and neglect and to measure resilience in adolescents. At baseline, 22.34% reported depressive symptoms. At T2, this rate decreased to 14.86%. When adolescents were in school, age (P <.0001), gender (P <.0001), and experience of abuse (P <.0001) were risk factors, while parent–child relationship (P <.0001), and resilience (P <.0001) were protective factors for depressive symptoms. After leaving school, age and physical abuse were no longer risk factors for depression. The negative impact of school education on the mental health of adolescents in China exceeds even the impact of the pandemic and home isolation. The focus should be on those adolescents with abuse experience and poor parent–child relationships to prevent the onset of psychological and psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Our previous study showed that resveratrol (Res) attenuates apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in alveolar epithelial cell injury induced by hyperoxia by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated whether Res protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by activating SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Methods Naturally delivered neonatal rats were randomly divided into six groups: normoxia + normal saline, normoxia + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), normoxia + Res, hyperoxia + normal saline, hyperoxia + DMSO, and hyperoxia + Res. Lung tissue samples were collected on postnatal days 1, 7, and 14. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate lung development. Dual-immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were used to evaluate the levels of silencing information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), Nrf2, transcription factor A (TFAM) and citrate synthase, the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondria, the integrity of mtDNA, and the expression of TFAM in mitochondria. Results We found that hyperoxia insulted lung development, whereas Res attenuated the hyperoxia lung injury. Res significantly upregulated the levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, TFAM, and citrate synthase; promoted TFAM expression in the mitochondria; and increased the copy number of ND1 and the ratio of ND4/ND1. Conclusion Our data suggest that Res attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats, and this was achieved, in part, by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Key Points Hyperoxia insulted lung development in neonatal rats. Resveratrol promoted mitochondrial biogenesis to attenuate hyperoxia lung injury in neonatal rats. Resveratrol, at least in part, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial/ethnic and region disparities in incidence and mortality are obviously in liver cancer. Mongolia has the highest reported incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world, while the incidence of HCC is relatively low in the United States, but differences in their molecular characteristics remain largely elusive. Here we report differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Mongolian hepatocellular carcinoma and in Caucasian HCC and their intersection DEGs, as well as their corresponding signaling pathways in Mongolian and Caucasian hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on the transcriptome sequences from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We got 908 up-regulated genes and 1946 down-regulated genes in Mongolian HCC, 1244 up-regulated genes and 1912 down-regulated genes in Caucasian HCC, 254 Co-upregulated genes and 1035 co-downregulated genes in Mongolian and Caucasian. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that most of the genes with altered expression levels in Mongolian HCC participate in biological processes that involve metabolic reprogramming of various substances, accounting for about one-third of all biological processes. In particular, multiple amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic processes appear to be specific in Mongolian HCC compared with Caucasian HCC. The biological processes they share include those in which most immune cells are involved and cell cycle-related biological processes. In addition, we also found the genes UPP2, PCK1, GLYAT, GNMT, ADH1B and HPD, encode for key metabolic enzymes, whose expression level up-regulated or down-regulated more than 5 times in Mongolian HCC and was dramatically correlated with survival in Mongolian HCC (p value < 0.01), More importantly, these molecules are potential targets for some metabolic antitumor drugs. This study not only makes up for the shortcomings of previous studies on liver cancer, which paid more attention to its commonality, but ignored the specificity of liver cancer in different races and regions. More importantly, the purpose of this study is to identify robust molecular subclasses and information with underlying unique tumor biology. And this study may have important implications for the study of the pathogenic factors and molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma and the precise therapy of Mongolian HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury is one of the most threatening diseases in neonates, with complex pathogenesis and limited treatment options. Caffeine is a commonly used central nervous system stimulant for treating apnea in preterm infants. There is compelling evidence that caffeine may have potential benefits for preventing neonatal acute kidney injury, but comprehensive reports are lacking in this area. Hence, this review aims to provide a summary of clinical data on the potential benefits of caffeine in improving neonatal acute kidney injury. Additionally, it delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying caffeine's effects on acute kidney injury, with a focus on various aspects such as oxidative stress, adenosine receptors, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammasome, autophagy, p53, and gut microbiota. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide information for healthcare professionals regarding the link between caffeine and neonatal acute kidney injury and to identify gaps in our current understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with hypertension and pre‐frailty or frailty, the influence of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) time in target range (TTR) on clinical outcomes is unclear. Thus, we conducted a post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Classifying 4208 participants into frail and non‐frail groups using a frailty index, the study calculated blood pressure time in target range (BP‐TTR) for the first three months using the Rosendaal method. The primary endpoint included a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), acute coronary syndromes, stroke, acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and cardiovascular death. Relationships between BP‐TTR and outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier curves, Cox models, and restricted cubic spline curves, with subgroup analysis for further insights. In a median follow‐up of 3.17 years, primary outcomes occurred in 6.7% of participants. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that a lower systolic blood pressure time in target range (SBP‐TTR) (0%–25%) correlated with an increased cumulative incidence of the primary outcome (p <.001), nonfatal MI (P =.021), stroke (P =.004), and cardiovascular death (P =.002). A higher SBP‐TTR (75%–<100%) was linked to a reduced risk of these outcomes. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve revealed a linear association between SBP‐TTR and the primary outcome (non‐linear P =.704). Similar patterns were observed for diastolic blood pressure time in target range (DBP‐TTR). Subgroup analysis showed that the protective effect of higher SBP‐TTR was less pronounced at low DBP‐TTR levels (P for interaction =.023). In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of maintaining BP within the target range to mitigate cardiovascular risks in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probe-based confocal laser endoscopy (pCLE) has emerged as a powerful tool for disease diagnosis, yet it faces challenges such as the formation of hexagonal patterns in images due to the inherent characteristics of fiber bundles. Recent advancements in deep learning offer promise in image denoising, but the acquisition of clean-noisy image pairs for training networks across all potential scenarios can be prohibitively costly. Few studies have explored training denoising networks on such pairs. Here, we propose an innovative self-supervised denoising method. Our approach integrates noise prediction networks, image quality assessment networks, and denoising networks in a collaborative, jointly trained manner. Compared to prior self-supervised denoising methods, our approach yields superior results on pCLE images and fluorescence microscopy images. In summary, our novel self-supervised denoising technique enhances image quality in pCLE diagnosis by leveraging the synergy of noise prediction, image quality assessment, and denoising networks, surpassing previous methods on both pCLE and fluorescence microscopy images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how apology strategies are used to rebuild the public's trust using evidence from Chinese e-commerce live-streaming hosts' apology letters. It is found that live-streaming hosts can use two strategies to rebuild the public's trust: apology-related metalanguage labels and apology-related supportive moves. The former are routine formulas generally used to give an explicit apology, such as "sorry." The latter are strategies used to support apology-related metalanguage labels, including offering explanations, taking responsibility, making promises, showing empathy, and expressing integrity. Further quantitative analyses indicate that metalanguage labels alone cannot rebuild the public's trust. Trust can be rebuilt only by combining metalanguage labels and supportive moves. This paper contributes to the theoretical study of trustworthiness building in the public arena and can enhance trust relationships between e-commerce and the public. • E-commerce live-streaming hosts use apology letters to build trust. • The apology letters include metalanguage labels and supportive moves. • Metalanguage labels (apology) alone cannot rebuild public trust. • Trust can be built by combining apology and supportive moves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. One big challenge with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is that the intense acoustic interference generated by HIFU irradiation overwhelms the B-mode monitoring images, compromising monitoring effectiveness. This study aims to overcome this problem using a one-dimensional (1D) deep convolutional neural network. Approach. U-Net-based networks have been proven to be effective in image reconstruction and denoising, and the two-dimensional (2D) U-Net has already been investigated for suppressing HIFU interference in ultrasound monitoring images. In this study, we propose that the one-dimensional (1D) convolution in U-Net-based networks is more suitable for removing HIFU artifacts and can better recover the contaminated B-mode images compared to 2D convolution. Ex vivo and in vivo HIFU experiments were performed on a clinically equivalent ultrasound-guided HIFU platform to collect image data, and the 1D convolution in U-Net, Attention U-Net, U-Net++, and FUS-Net was applied to verify our proposal. Main results. All 1D U-Net-based networks were more effective in suppressing HIFU interference than their 2D counterparts, with over 30% improvement in terms of structural similarity (SSIM) to the uncontaminated B-mode images. Additionally, 1D U-Nets trained using ex vivo datasets demonstrated better generalization performance in in vivo experiments. Significance. These findings indicate that the utilization of 1D convolution in U-Net-based networks offers great potential in addressing the challenges of monitoring in ultrasound-guided HIFU systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern applications need to flexibly adjust the processing process according to the different environments and real-time processing, thus putting forward higher requirements for the reconfiguration performance of coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA). Traditional dynamic reconfiguration requires constant configuration of the processor by the host computer. Still, this reconfiguration method severely restricts switching different tasks, making it difficult to achieve dynamic real-time reconfiguration and limiting performance improvement. This paper presents a real-time monitoring-based self-reconfiguration mechanism (RMSRM) based on the implementation of CGRA. This mechanism improves the reconfiguration performance by monitoring the execution process of the array in real-time through a programmable controller on the basis of the homogeneous processing element (PE) array and dynamic scheduling of PE array resources according to different application requirements. The proposed RMSRM is capable of feeding array execution state information to the programmable controller within 1 clock cycle, switching configurations between different tasks within 10 clock cycles, and shutting down the unnecessary PE/PEs according to the current configuration. To verify the correctness and efficiency, we model hardware with synthesizable RTL coding and implement it on FPGA and a chip. The experimental results show that RMSRM can effectively reduce the reconfiguration overhead compared with traditional reconfiguration methods. The volume of bits in the configuration file has decreased by an average of 39.37%, and the reconfiguration time has decreased by an average of 43.57%. Based on the SMIC 55nm process, the operating frequency can reach 320 MHz. Meanwhile, the resource consumption is 80506 logic gates, the chip area is 12 mm 2 , and the energy efficiency is 312 GOPS/W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Natural myofibrillar protein (MP) is sensitive to changes in the microenvironment, such as pH and ionic strength, and therefore can adversely affect the final quality of meat products. The aim of this study was to modify natural MP as well as to improve its functional properties. Therefore, the quality improvement effect of konjac polysaccharides with different concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 g kg−1 protein) on MP gels was investigated. Results: With a concentration of konjac polysaccharides of 6 g kg−1 protein, the composite gel obtained exhibited a significant improvement of water binding (water holding capacity increased by 7.71%) and textural performance (strength increased from 29.12 to 37.55 N mm, an increase of 8.43 N mm). Meanwhile, konjac polysaccharides could help to form more disulfide bonds and non‐disulfide covalent bonds, which enhanced the crosslinking of MP and maintained the MP gel network structure. Then, with the preservation of α‐helix structure (a significant increase of 8.11%), slower protein aggregation and formation of small aggregates, this supported the formation of a fine and homogeneous network structure and allowed a reduction in water mobility. Conclusion: During the heating process, konjac polysaccharides could absorb the surrounding water and fill the gel system, which resulted in an increase in the water content of the gel network and enhanced the gel‐forming ability of the gel. Meanwhile, konjac polysaccharides might inhibit irregular aggregation of proteins and promote the formation of small aggregates, which in turn form a homogeneous and continuous gel matrix by orderly arrangement. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound assisted thawing (UAT) is an emerging thawing method in recent years, which can shorten thawing time and improve product quality. However, the application of UAT in aquatic products is less and there is no systematic study on the effect of frequency and power. The effect of frequency, used alone or in combination; combined with different power (180 or 220 W) during ultrasound assisted thawing on the thawing time, water-holding capacity (WHC), quality, and myofibrillar protein (MP) structure of sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) were evaluated in this experiment. UAT was found to improve the quality of thawed sea bass. Compared to flowing water thawing (FWT), UAT resulted in a lower thawing time. Samples treated with multi-frequency UAT (MUAT) at 180 W (MUAT-180-20/28/40) had a lower thawing time (44.92 min), higher hardness, higher chewiness, lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and more stable tertiary structure of MP compared with the single-frequency UAT (SUAT) and dual-frequency UAT (DUAT) treated samples. At the same time, MUAT at 220 W (MUAT-220-20/28/40) had a lower thawing time (47.50 min), a more suitable pH value, and lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value. In addition, DUAT at 220 W at 20 and 28 kHz (DUAT-220-20/28) had higher WHC, more stable sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and lower TBARS value. In consequence, UAT can improve the quality of thawed sea bass, especially at specific power and frequency, and better quality can be obtained, which can be studied in depth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an innate immune signaling protein critical to infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. STING signaling is also emerging as an exciting and integral part of many neurological diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in STING signaling in the brain. We summarize how molecular threats activate STING signaling in the diseased brain and how STING signaling activities in glial and neuronal cells cause neuropathology. We also review human studies of STING neurobiology and consider therapeutic challenges in targeting STING to treat neurological diseases. Yang et al. review the current state of knowledge about innate immune system STING signaling in neurological diseases and discuss mechanisms of STING signaling activation, activities in different brain cell types, human relevance, and development of STING antagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engine oil oxidation is one of the major reasons for oil aging which can result in variations in the physical and chemical properties of oil. Organic acids generated by oil oxidation can react with water to form inorganic acids and acidic substances (including organic and inorganic acids) that corrode engine parts, resulting in the generation of rust or damage to engine parts. This is one of the important reasons why oil should be regularly changed. One of the most commonly applied methods for judging the aging degree of engine oil is monitoring its acid number (AN). However, generally, the effect of oil water content on acid value measurement is not considered. When oils are used in engines, they are often contaminated by water due to condensation, which accelerates engine oil aging. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the water content effect on AN in the process of engine oil aging. In this research, a water content sensor was applied to characterize moisture content in oxidized oil samples. The sensor could also obtain oil sample electrical conductivity which corresponded to its dielectric constant. Using a mid-infrared spectrometer to measure oil sample AN at this point to obtain the variation in AN with oxidation time, oil sample AN was connected in series with the water content, dielectric constant and electrical conductivity. These parameters were monitored through sensors, and the effect of water content on AN was studied. Experimental results revealed that with the increase in oxidation time, the water content, electrical conductivity, dielectric constant increase and AN of oil were increased. At the same time, since the temperature had a greater effect on electrical conductivity, the application of an air-conditioned constant-temperature environment removed the effect of temperature change on electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the surface restructuring, including atomic rearrangement and chemical composition adjustments, is urgent to accelerate electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, we focus on the surface restructuring and active species for phosphide especially Ni 2 P during the water splitting process by combination of in-situ Raman and ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results confirm that NiOOH and NiOO∗ are formed during OER, while Niδ+-H ad active sites are formed during HER. In situ-formed NiOOH/Ni 2 P@C and Niδ+/Ni 2 P@C show enhanced water splitting (1.514 ​V at 10 ​mA/cm2) and NO 3 RR (86% and 668 ​μmol ​h−1 ​cm−2 for NH 3 Faraday efficiency and yield) activities. In-depth investigation of the surface dynamic changes can provide guidance for establishing the relation of structure-electrocatalytic activity. • Ni 2 P@C act as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting and NO 3 RR. • In-situ Raman spectra and ex-situ XPS are used to identify the surface restructuring and active species for Ni 2 P@C during electrocatalytic process. • In situ-formed NiOOH/Ni 2 P@C and Niδ+/Ni 2 P@C show enhanced water splitting and NO 3 RR activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irregular satellites of Jupiter produce dust particles through the impact of interplanetary micrometeoroids. In this paper, the dynamics of these particles is studied by both high-accuracy numerical simulation and analytical theory, in order to learn their transport, final fate, and spatial distribution. The perturbation forces that are considered in our dynamical model include the solar radiation pressure, solar gravity, Poynting–Robertson drag, Jovian oblateness, and the Galilean satellites' gravity. The trajectories of different size particles are simulated until they hit Jupiter, the Galilean satellites, or escape from the Jovian system. The average dynamical lifetimes of dust with different grain sizes are calculated, and the final fate of dust particles is reported and analysed. The steady-state spatial number density of particles is estimated by integrating the trajectories of dust particles over their initial size distribution, and compared to the previous work. The impact sites of dust on Callisto's surface are recorded and provide an important clue for the study of the hemisphere asymmetry of Callisto. Besides, the mass accretion rate, cross-sectional area influx, and mass influx density of dust on Callisto are calculated. A ring outside the orbit of Callisto dominated by dust between 2 and 25 µm from Jupiter's irregular satellites is suggested, with the average normal geometric optical depth of the order of 10−8 and the configuration of the ring ansae similar to Jupiter's gossamer rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Laser direct metal deposition (DMD) can supply a new method in the fields of surface modification and near-net forming. The powder flow behavior and its convergence characteristics play a crucial role in the deposition quality during the DMD process. In this research, the k-ε turbulence model based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling method was innovatively employed to establish the numerical model of the gas-powder flow. Then, the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) was utilized in this gas-powder coupling model to accurately calculate the collision between particles as well as between particles and inner wall of the nozzle. Afterward, the response surface method (RSM) was carried out to design the numerical simulation scheme, analyze a series of simulation results, explore the correlation between the process parameters and the responses, and establish the prediction model of powder convergence characteristics. Furthermore, the process parameters were optimized by considering the influence of defocusing amount, with smaller powder spot diameter and higher maximum powder mass concentration as optimization objectives. It was found that the prediction model of powder convergence characteristics demonstrated a high degree of accuracy and reliability. The single-deposition track exhibited better deposition quality fabricated with the optimized process parameters. The research method and results mentioned in the present study were expected to provide significant theoretical guidance for the selection and application of process parameters during the laser direct metal deposition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical durability of compositionally-complex rare-earth titanate pyrochlore solid solutions with or without uranium incorporation was investigated by semi-dynamic leaching testing. A Ti-enriched amorphous passivation film formed on the surface due to the surface alteration-reorganization mechanism with preferential release of the weakly oxygen-bonded rare earth elements. Elemental release was found to be strongly correlated with chemical disorder, with a negligible correlation with entropy. The release rate of the uranium gradually decreased with increasing numbers of components, implying a possibility of designing and optimizing waste form performance with enhanced chemical durability by controlling composition complexity and chemical disorder for effective nuclear waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U3Si2 is a potential candidate for accident tolerant fuels because of its high uranium density and excellent thermal conductivity in comparison to UO2. However, U3Si2 suffers from oxidation, steam corrosion, and subsequent disintegration/pulverization. The detailed investigation of kinetics that incorporates fundamental treatment of oxidation of U3Si2 is scarcely reported, and the oxidation mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, the oxidation behavior of microcrystalline (mc-) and nanocrystalline (nc-) U3Si2 have been systematically investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) apparatus through a series of isothermal and non-isothermal kinetic studies. The isothermal kinetic study with a model-fitting approach indicates oxidation activation energy of 85 kJ/mol for dense mc-U3Si2 and 96.4 kJ/mol for nc-U3Si2 pellets, while the isoconversional approach leads to an activation energy in the range of 70–85 kJ/mol for mc-U3Si2 and 75–86 kJ/mol for nc-U3Si2 with three most common model-free methods, including Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Friedman methods. The derivation of oxidation activation energies using both isothermal and isoconversional methods highlights the approach to evaluate the oxidation resistance of nuclear materials using TGA quantitatively and makes it possible to compare among various nuclear fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature compression tests on Mg-11.5Li-2.5Zn-0.35Al-0.3Y (in wt.%) were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. Flow stress and microstructural evolution were analyzed at different temperatures (T = 473 K, 523 K, 573 K, and 623 K) and strain rates ( ε ˙ = 1 s−1, 0.1 s−1, 0.01 s−1, and 0.001 s−1). On this basis, the constitutive model of the alloy was established using the Arrhenius-type constitutive model, and the thermal processing map of the alloy was drawn based on the DMM (dynamic material modeling) theory. The experimental results show that the flow stress of the Mg-11.5Li-2.5Zn-0.35Al-0.3Y alloy decreases with an increase in temperature and a decrease in strain rate. The grain size increases uniformly with the increase in temperature, while a sudden increase occurs with the decrease in strain rate. The predicted value of the model is compared with the experimental value to verify the correctness of the model, and the correlation coefficient, R = 0.9690, was calculated, which further proves the applicability of the model to the Mg-11.5Li-2.5Zn-0.35Al-0.3Y alloy. This alloy can be safely plastic-deformed 473 K~623 K and 0.001 s−1~1 s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-powered photodetectors that do not require external power support are expected to play a key role in future photodetectors due to their low power characteristics, but achieving high responsivity remains a challenge. 2D van der Waals heterojunctions are a promising technology for high-performance self-powered photodetectors due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Here, we fabricate a self-powered photodetector based on In2Se3/WSe2/ReS2 van der Waals heterojunction self-powered photodetector. Due to the presence of ReS2 layer, photocurrent is enhanced as a result of the increase in light absorption efficiency and the effective region for generating photogenerated carriers. The built-in electric field is enhanced by a negative 'back-gate voltage' along the p–n junction vertical direction generated by the electrons in the photo-generated electrons accumulation layer. Accordingly, the optical responsivity and the photoresponse speed of this heterojunction self-powered photodetector are greatly boosted. The proposed self-powered photodetector based on the In2Se3/WSe2/ReS2 heterojunction exhibits a high responsivity of 438 mA W−1, which is 17 times higher compared to the In2Se3/WSe2 photodetector, a self-powered current (1.1 nA) that is an order of magnitude higher than that of the In2Se3/WSe2 photodetector, and a fast response time that is 250% faster. Thus the self-powered photodetector with a stronger built-in electric field and a wider depletion zone can provide a new technological support for the fabrication of high responsivity, low power consumption and high speed self-powered photodetectors based on van der Waals heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the stabilization of the coupled heat and wave equations under the static feedback or the dynamic feedback. Moreover, we make the coupled systems discretized by using the finite-volume approach, and then we consider the stabilized properties of the discrete systems. First, for the coupled system under the static feedback, it is shown that the system is exponentially stable by using the Lyapunov method, and then the corresponding discrete system can be shown to be exponentially stable by constucting the discretized Lyapunov function. Second, for the coupled system under the dynamic feedback, we also show that both of the system and its discrete scheme are exponentially stable. Third, numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the stable controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the most commonly used method for port-wine stain (PWS); however, no studies have reported the safety of PDL. This review aimed to collect and summarize complications reported in relevant literature, assess complication rates in treating PWS with PDL, and explore the relevant influencing factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to search for related studies in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until August 2022. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. Stata Software version 17.0 was used for the analysis. All complications reported in the literature are divided into acute phase complications and long-term complications. Overall pooled purpura, edema, crusting, blistering, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and scarring rates were 98.3%, 97.6%, 21.5%, 8.7%, 12.8%, 0.9%, and 0.2%, respectively. Although the acute adverse reactions were found to be common, the long-term permanent complications clearly have a lower frequency, and the occurrence of scarring is much lower than that initially thought. This indicates that effective protective measures after treatment are very important for preventing scar formation. Overall, PDL treatment for PWS shows a high level of safety and low chances of causing long-term complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicomponent zirconate solid solutions A 2 Zr 2 O 7 (A= (Sm,Yb), (Sm,Yb,Gd), (Sm,Yb,Gd,Er), and (Sm,Yb,Gd,Er,Dy)) were synthesized through spark plasma sintering and their chemical durability was investigated via semi-dynamic leaching tests in pH = 1 nitric acid at 90 °C. Incongruent dissolution occurred for all samples with the preferential elemental release of zirconium in all A 2 Zr 2 O 7 except for high entropy (Sm,Yb,Gd,Er,Dy)Zr 2 O 7 which displays a congruent release of the A-site elements and Zr. A strong positive correlation was found between the lanthanide elemental release rates and the A-site cation size disorder, whereas a negative correlation was observed between the elemental release rates and mixing entropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine fungi have been studied for a long history in many realms, but there are few reports on marine mushrooms. In this study, marine fungi with conspicuous subglobose sequestrate basidioma were discovered from mangrove forests in South China. They grow on the deadwood of mangroves in the intertidal zone, periodically submerging into seawater due to the tide. Some marine animals were observed to nest in their basidiomata or consume them as food. The pileus-gleba-inner veil complex (PGI) of the basidioma was observed to be detached from the stipe and transferred into seawater by external forces, and drifting on sea to spread spores after maturity. The detachment mechanism of their PGIs was revealed through detailed microscopic observations. The contrast culturing experiment using freshwater and seawater potato dextrose agar media showed they have probably obligately adapted to the marine environment. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, two new species of Candolleomyces (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), namely C. brunneovagabundus and C. albovagabundus, were described. They are similar and close to each other, but can be distinguished by the size and color of the basidioma, and the size of the basidiospores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No definitive treatment methods of curative for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The combined therapies that into account both the biochemical and biomechanical may provide potential opportunities for treat KOA, and previous studies have demonstrated that the platelet-rich plasma of intra-articular injection (IAI-PRP) and exercise treatments afford more benefits than do their corresponding monotherapies. The absence of a specific exercise plan and detailed explanation renders the aforementioned study results questionable. Furthermore, Tai Chi (TC) with moderate-intensity, whole body movements and good adherence may prove to be more effective for treating KOA. However, few studies examined the effectiveness and safety of combined IAI-PRP and TC for KOA. Methods: This study protocol will be a placebo-controlled, assessor-blinded randomized trial involving 12-week intervention and 1-year follow-up. The stratified randomization will be used to randomly assign the 212 participants to four groups: group A (placebo IAI); group B (PRP IAI); group C (TC and placebo IAI); group D (TC and PRP IAI). Injection will be performed once a week, three consecutive times as a course, after a week of rest to continue the next course, a total of 3 courses (12 week). Additionally, the TC interventions will be carried out 3 days per week for a total of 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures will include the efficacy (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), acceptability and safety of these interventions. The secondary outcome measures will include physical function (Timed Up and Go test), walking function (Gait Analysis), inflammatory factor levels (e.g., Interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor), quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey), volume of patellofemoral cartilage and effusion-synovitis (MRI). Two-way of variance with repeated measures will be applied to examine the main effects of the group and the time factor and group-time interaction effects for all outcome measures. Discussion: This trial will be first one to propose an integrated scheme combing IAI-PRP and TC for treatment of KOA, based on the consideration of the biochemical and biomechanical pathogenesis of KOA. These results of the study will provide evidence with high quality for integrated IAI-PRP and TC to treatment KOA. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300067559. Registered on 11 January 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superalloy single-crystal blades are essential components of aviation engines. The increased thrust-to-weight ratio in aviation engines necessitates more stringent requirements on the complex ceramic core formation of the internal cooling channel of the hollow blade. The progress of traditional hot injection processes for ceramic cores has difficulty meeting the increasingly complex core production requirements. Vat photopolymerization 3D-printing technology for ceramic core fabrication has the advantages of not requiring mold manufacturing and flexible shaping, making it widely used in the production of complex structured ceramic cores. In addition, the industrial applicability of Al 2 O 3 ceramic cores is limited by their low performance and high sintering temperature. In this work, high-performance Al 2 O 3 cores with low-temperature sintering were successfully fabricated using DLP-3D-printing technology. The effects of Y 2 SiO 5 addition and sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of Al 2 O 3 ceramic cores were investigated. The sintering mechanism of Al 2 O 3 ceramic cores was investigated through analysis of phase composition, microstructure, and thermodynamic calculations. The results of the work show that, the flexural strength and sintering shrinkage of the Al 2 O 3 ceramic cores progressively increased as the sintering temperature increased, while the open porosity rapidly dropped. The density of the Al 2 O 3 ceramic cores increases significantly when the sintering temperature exceeds 1450 °C. The optimum sintering temperature for the ceramic core (15 wt% addition of Y 2 SiO 5) is 1350 °C, at which point the strength is 20.282 MPa and the open porosity is 39.31%. This work provides a new process of the high-performance Al 2 O 3 ceramic cores for low-temperature sintering, which reveals the mechanism of Y 2 SiO 5 's effect on the densification of Al 2 O 3 ceramics during sintering. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the histopathological features of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa during its occurrence and development. Method: We performed detailed histological observation and immunohistochemical examination on the endoscopic biopsy and ESD endoscopic resection specimens of 896 patients with glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa. The EnVision two-step method was used for immunohistochemical staining, and the slices were incubated with primary antibody CK7, CK20, villin, CDX2, MUC5AC, MUC6, p53 and ki-67. Hematoxylin staining was performed and observed under the microscope and statistically analyzed. Results: In the initial stage of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria, the proliferation area of the deep gastric pits, and the isthmus and neck of the gastric glands are characterized by roughly normal structure of the glandular structure, increased mesenchyme, and widened space between glands. Subsequently, the gland becomes smaller in volume and less in number, especially at the base, in the gastric glandular part of the gastric unit. The disease at this stage has higher incidence, and occurs more often in the elderly who account for 64.0% (573/896) of our study group. The disease in this stage may exhibit some lesions that are physiologic (age-related degeneration) while others are pathological. Therefore, this condition is called simple glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa. When the gastric mucosal epithelium is subjected to infection or repeated infections, chemical stimuli, immune factors, and genetic factors, it can lead to the proliferation and transformation of stem cells in the proliferation area of the deep gastric pits, and the isthmus and neck of the gastric glands, forming single ducts, multiple ducts, or a proliferation of patchy cells. Then, atypical hyperplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) presents, finally leading to gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Understanding the histopathological characteristics of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of gastric mucosa is of great significance in controlling the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most frequent issues in newborns is acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lengthen their hospital stay or potentially raise their chance of dying. The gut–kidney axis establishes a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and kidney illness, particularly AKI, and demonstrates the importance of gut microbiota to host health. Since the ability to predict neonatal AKI using blood creatinine and urine output as evaluation parameters is somewhat constrained, a number of interesting biomarkers have been developed. There are few in-depth studies on the relationships between these neonatal AKI indicators and gut microbiota. In order to gain fresh insights into the gut–kidney axis of neonatal AKI, this review is based on the gut–kidney axis and describes relationships between gut microbiota and neonatal AKI biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echolalia is a typical feature of children with epilepsy and autism, but whether it is pathological is still controversial. This article aims to explore the contentious issue of echolalia based on data from three selected Chinese children with epilepsy and autism. Through discourse analysis, we explored two types of echolalia: immediate echolalia and delayed echolalia. It was found that the two types of echolalia were used to achieve interactional function, interpersonal function, and experiential function. Our research also found that the echolalia phenomenon reflected the participants' pragmatic awareness when dealing with new information. This article will contribute to understanding echolalia in children with epilepsy and autism and provide intervention methods for children with language impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents have experienced increase their risk of peripheral mental health and social problems. For adolescents, the role of family environmental factors should be taken into consideration. This study aimed to explore the association between resilience and depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and to extend the findings by examining the moderating effects of family environment. A total of 35,573 adolescents in middle schools were recruited in China. Childhood abuse, resilience, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated in adolescents. We found a significant association between resilience and symptoms of depression and anxiety [OR = 0.976 (0.975–0.978), P < 0.001; OR = 0.980 (0.978–0.981), P < 0.001]. The adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) for mental health across the categories of resilience were as follows: 1 (reference) for low resilience, 0.660 (0.620–0.703) for medium resilience, 0.309 (0.286–0.333) for high resilience. The relationship between resilience and depressive symptoms was stronger for girls, non-only children, and those without child abuse experience compared to boys, only child, and those with child abuse experience (all p < 0.05). Our findings of a nationally representative sample in China suggest that gender, only child, parent-child relationship and child abuse moderated the relationship between resilience and symptoms of depression and anxiety. • 35,573 middle school students were recruited in China. • Resilience was strongly associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. • Examining the moderating effects of family environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a perturbed version of a very simple and exactly solvable model that supports Fermi arcs and pseudogap in its ground state and excitation spectrum, which includes Hubbard-like interactions in both momentum and real spaces. We find that the combined effects give rise to non-Fermi liquid behavior in the electron self-energy. This points to a novel mechanism that leads to non-Fermi liquid behavior, which is of strong current interest in the context of strongly correlated metals, that often become superconductors. Comparison will be made with phenomenology of high- temperature cuprate superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the redundant data deletion accuracy and bit error rate of wireless network scheduling information, make the reduced dimension information uniformly distributed on the manifold, and eliminate noise holes, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method for wireless network scheduling frequent information based on multi-level mapping is proposed in this study. Gaussian mixture model is used to analyze the characteristics of redundant network scheduling frequent information data, and the feature coding is quantized and decomposed. On this basis, fractional Fourier transform is used to delete redundant network scheduling frequent information data. The multi-level mapping theory is introduced, and the isometric mapping algorithm is used to implement nonlinear dimensionality reduction processing for the wireless network scheduling frequent information after deleting redundant data. Aiming at the problem of reducing the effect of nonlinear dimensionality reduction under the condition of sparse data, the local linear embedding algorithm is used for secondary dimensionality reduction. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively delete redundant data under the conditions of dense and sparse data, and the error rate of redundant data deletion is less than 1.5%; Moreover, the integrity of the data distribution on the manifold in the low dimensional embedded space can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: With the development of 5G technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) system is becoming more and more widely used in various fields. However, the reliability issue still hinders the wide applications. For instance, the transmission reliability of the IoT system will be significantly affected by the status of end devices, wireless channel quality, and the environment. Moreover, according to the Automatic Repeat‐reQuest (ARQ) retransmission mechanism in the 802.15.4 protocol, if the IoT end devices pursue a conservative power model causing low signal transmission power, it is likely that the signal power will lose too much during the transmission process. This will result in the increase of the network packet loss rate and the power consumption during the data retransmission. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reasonable transmission power allocation algorithm to ensure the transmission reliability, considering the ARQ retransmission mechanism. The algorithm intends to find the optimal transmission power of each IoT end device, so as to minimize the total energy consumption. The simulation results demonstrate that the power allocation algorithm improves the reliability of the IoT system, compared with other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphynes (GYs) are a novel type of carbon allotrope composed of sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, boasting both a planar conjugated structure akin to graphene and a pore‐like configuration in three‐dimensional space. Graphdiyne (GDY), the first successfully synthesized member of GYs family, has gained much interest due to its fascinating electrochemical properties including a greater theoretical capacity, high charge mobility and advanced electronic transport properties, making it a promising material for energy storage applications for lithium‐ion and hydrogen storage. Various methods, including heteroatom substitution, embedding, strain, and nanomorphology control, have been employed to further enhance the energy storage performance of GDY. Despite the potential of GDY in energy storage applications, there are still challenges to overcome in scaling up mass production. This review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis and application of GDY in lithium‐ion and hydrogen storage, highlighting the obstacles faced in large‐scale commercial application of GDY‐based energy storage devices. Suggestions on possible solutions to overcome these hurdles have also been provided. Overall, the unique properties of GDY make it a promising material for energy storage applications in lithium‐ion and hydrogen storage devices. The findings presented here will inspire further development of energy storage devices utilizing GDY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the energy crisis, using the salinity gradient between seawater and freshwater for osmotic energy conversion is a direct way to obtain energy. So far, most nanofluidic membranes utilized for osmotic energy generation are cation‐selective. Given that both anion‐ and cation‐selective membranes have the identical importance for energy conversion devices, it is of great significance to develop anion‐selective membranes. Herein, an anion‐selective membrane is synthesized by in situ growth of imine‐bridged covalent organic framework (COF) on ordered anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) at room temperature. The imine groups and residual amino groups of COF can combine with protons in neutral solution, enabling the COF positively charged and efficiently transport of anions. Particularly, due to the asymmetry in the charge and structure of COF/AAO, the as‐prepared membrane exhibits excellent ionic current rectification property, which can inhibit ion concentration polarization effectively and possess high ion selectivity and permeability. Using the present COF/AAO membrane, salinity gradient energy can be successfully harvested from solutions with high salt content, and the output power density reached 17.95W m−2 under a 500‐fold salinity gradient. The study provides a new avenue for construction and application of anion‐selective membranes in the smart ion transport and efficient energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsporidia are a group of eukaryotic intracellular parasitic organisms that infect almost all vertebrates and invertebrates. Paranosema locustae are specialized parasites of Orthoptera that are often used as biological controls of locusts, with slow effects of action. In this study, we found that after infection with P. locustae, changes in energy metabolism in male and female Locusta migratoria as were consistent, with no gender differences. During the first 8 days of infection, L. migratoria used sugar as a source of energy. After 8 days, lipids and proteins were consumed to provide energy when the spore load was considerably heavy, and energy supply was insufficient. With increasing infection concentration and time, energy conversion from sugar, fats, and proteins was improved, which may explain why high mortality did not occur until about 15 days after P. locustae infection. The tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that most altered metabolism-related proteins were upregulated (27 of 29 in the metabolic pathway). This result suggests that P. locustae infection accelerated metabolism in L. migratoria , which facilitated the pathogen's life cycle, inhibiting the growth and development of the locusts and eventually killing them. Our findings will be useful to better understand of the chronic pathogenic mechanisms of P. locustae and inform on applications of P. locustae to control locusts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the microlymphangiogenesis, microangiogenesis, and combined detection of the programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1)/ki67 in patients with gastric cancer as well as the disease prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the microlymphatic density (MLD) and microvessel density (MVD) in the central and peripheral zones in 92 cases of gastric cancer, along with the number of PD-1- and ki67-positive tumor cells. Results: The central zone of the gastric cancer tissue contained fewer atretic cord-like lymphatic vessels than the peripheral zone, while the peripheral zone contained an increased number of lymphatic vessels compared with the central zone. In most cases, the lumen was also dilated. Compared with the MLD in the peripheral zone, the MLD in central zone was significantly decreased. Compared with the number of PD-1-positive cells in the peripheral zone, the number of PD-1-positive cells in the central zone was significantly decreased, and compared with the number of ki67-positive cells in the peripheral zone. The differences in the microlymphangiogenesis, microangiogenesis, and the number of PD-1- and ki67-positive cells among the different histological types were not statistically significant. The microlymphangiogenesis, microangiogenesis, and PD-1- and ki67-positive cells were significantly decreased in the gastric cancer tissues from the patients in stages T1 and T2 compared with the gastric cancer tissues from the patients in stages T3 and T4. Conclusions: The detection of the MLD and MVD as well as the positive expression of PD-1 and ki67 in gastric cancer tissue are important reference indicators for judging the prognosis of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry eye disease (DED) has a complex etiology and the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in its pathophysiology are not completely understood. Autophagy is a self-eating process important for cell survival and homeostasis. The present study explored the role of myocardial infarction-associated transcript neighbor (MIATNB) long non-coding RNA in hyperosmolarity-induced autophagy and apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC)-based model of dry eye disease. In vitro assays were performed with a human SV40 immortalized corneal epithelial cell line. Different concentrations of NaCl were used to create hyperosmolarity. HCECs were cultured in presence of 70–120 mM NaCl for 24 h to create an in vitro model of dry eye. RT-qPCR was performed to assess the expression of dry eye related LC3B, ATG16L, BECN1, ATG1, ATG7, ATG13, ATG5, ATG10, and ATG101 mRNAs and western blot analysis of LC3B and P62 and RFP -GFP-tagged LC3. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis of caspase 3, BCL2 and BAX were performed to detect apoptosis. Chloroquine (CQ) was used to inhibit autophagy pharmacologically. Autophagy flux was activated in HCECs subjected to hyperosmotic stress. Hyperosmolarity activated apoptosis and inhibited HCEC migration and autophagy. Hyperosmolarity upregulated MIATNB expression, while MIATNB knockdown inhibited autophagosome degradation and promoted HCEC apoptosis. Under hyperosmolar conditions, MIATNB knockdown also inhibited the degradation of autophagolysosomes and stimulated HCEC apoptosis. MIATNB plays a vital role in dry eye pathogenesis and serves as a bridge between autophagy and apoptosis. Targeting MIATNB for DED treatment should be further evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Fe-16Mn-9Al-0.8C-3Ni (wt.%) lightweight steel was fabricated by novel twin-roll strip casting technology. The microstructure, tensile properties and strain-hardening behavior of the present steel have been investigated and compared to those of conventionally processed steels with similar chemical compositions. After annealing, a unique gradient microstructure of intermetallic compound (B2)-austenite was obtained along the thickness direction, consisting of granular B2 (average: 430 nm) and fine austenite (average: 1.82 μm) at the surface layer, blocky B2 (average: 1.03 μm) and medium austenite (average: 3.98 μm) at the quarter layer and polygonal B2 (average: 1.94 μm) and coarse austenite (average: 6.13 μm) at the center layer. The cooperative action of B2 pinning dislocation, plane slip and back stress led to stronger strain hardening, among which the strong back stress effect originated from the multistage discontinuous austenite deformation and the mechanical incompatibility between austenite and B2 is believed to be the most important reason, thereby achieving an excellent balance of strength (ultimate tensile strength: 1147 MPa) and ductility (total elongation: 43.2%). This work not only developed a new processing way to fabricate Ni-containing Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel with outstanding mechanical properties, but also provided a potential solution for manufacturing some other metallic materials accompanied by brittle B2 intermetallic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communities of bacteria, especially symbionts, are vital for the growth and development of insects and other arthropods, including Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED), a destructive and invasive insect pest. However, the infection density patterns and influence factors of bacteria in whiteflies, which mainly include symbionts, remain largely unclear. To reveal the different density patterns of Cardinium in B. tabaci MED populations and the impacts of high temperatures on whiteflies with different Cardinium density infection patterns, 2 isofemale lines isolated from B. tabaci MED from the same geographical population of China and from B. tabaci MED collected from other countries and locations were examined using several techniques and methods, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and 2b‐RAD sequencing. The results showed that there were 2 different infection density patterns of Cardinium in B. tabaci MED (including 1 high‐density pattern and 1 low‐density pattern). For whiteflies with low‐density Cardinium, conventional PCR could not detect Cardinium, but the other techniques confirmed that there was a low level of Cardinium within hosts. High temperature significantly decreased the diversity of bacterial communities: the relative titer of Cardinium increased but the density of Rickettsia decreased in the isofemale line with high‐density Cardinium. However, high temperature did not influence the diversity and symbiont density in the line with low‐density Cardinium. Moreover, high temperature influenced the functions of bacterial communities in whiteflies with high‐density Cardinium but did not affect the bacterial functions in whiteflies with low‐density Cardinium. Our results provide novel insights into the complex associations between symbionts and host insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The goal of this study is to develop a robust semi-weakly supervised learning strategy for vessel segmentation in laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), addressing the challenges associated with the low signal-to-noise ratio, small vessel size, and irregular vascular aberration in diseased regions, while improving the performance and robustness of the segmentation method. Approach. For the training dataset, the healthy vascular images denoted as normal-vessel samples were manually labeled, while the diseased LSCI images involving tumor or embolism were denoted as abnormal-vessel samples and annotated as pseudo labels by the traditional semantic segmentation methods. In the training phase, the pseudo labels were constantly updated to improve the segmentation accuracy based on DeepLabv3+. Objective evaluation was conducted on the normal-vessel test set, while subjective evaluation was performed on the abnormal-vessel test set. Main results. The proposed method achieved an IOU of 0.8671, a Dice of 0.9288, and a mean relative percentage difference (mRPD) with supervised learning of 0.5% in the objective evaluation. In the subjective evaluation, our method significantly outperformed other methods in main vessel segmentation, tiny vessel segmentation, and blood vessel connection. Additionally, our method exhibited robustness when abnormal-vessel style noise was added to normal-vessel samples using a style translation network. Significance. The proposed semi-weakly supervised learning strategy demonstrates high efficiency and excellent robustness for vascular segmentation in LSCI, providing a potential tool for assessing the morphological and structural features of vessels in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of multi-field coupling of the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) is one of the main ways to improve its output performance. Because of the problem that its multi-field coupling nonlinear dynamic characteristics are difficult to accurately describe, the multi-field coupled nonlinear dynamic model of GMA and two-dimensional micro-positioning workbench is established according to the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model, magnetostrictive model, hysteresis nonlinear magnetic equation and the structural dynamics principle of GMA, respectively. The influence of equivalent damping coefficient, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent mass on the dynamic characteristics of each model is analyzed, and finally, the constructed model and the obtained law are experimentally verified. The results show that the displacement curve calculated by the model is consistent with the experimentally measured displacement curve, the influence of the equivalent damping coefficient, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent mass on the dynamic characteristics of the model measured by the experiment is consistent with the simulation analysis results, and the maximum error of the output displacement is 1.779 um, which verifies the correctness of the model. The research results provide a theoretical basis for improving the dynamic characteristics of GMA and improving the output performance of two-dimensional micro-positioning workbenches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]