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Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a highly prevalent condition in contemporary society. The conventional treatment of minoxidil tincture is hindered by issues such as skin irritation caused by ethanol, non-specific accumulation in hair follicles, and short retention due to its liquid form. Herein, we have developed a novel minoxidil-incorporated engineered exosomes biopotentiated hydrogel (Gel@MNs) that has the capability to modulate the perifollicular microenvironment for the treatment of AGA. Leveraging the exceptional skin penetration abilities of flexible liposomes and the targeting properties of exosomes, the encapsulated minoxidil can be effectively delivered to the hair follicles. In comparison to free minoxidil, Gel@MNs demonstrated accelerated hair regeneration in an AGA mouse model without causing significant skin irritation. This was evidenced by an increase in both the number and size of hair follicles within the dermal layer, enhanced capillary formation surrounding the follicles, and the regulation of the transition of hair follicle cells from the telogen phase to the anagen growth phase. Therefore, this safe and microenvironment-modifying hybrid exosome-embedded hydrogel shows promising potential for clinical treatment of AGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are rapidly increasing worldwide. Recently, there has been significant attention given to N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common mRNA modification, especially for its effects on CRC development. It is important to note that the progression of CRC would be greatly hindered without the tumor microenvironment (TME). The interaction between CRC cells and their surroundings can activate and influence complex signaling mechanisms of epigenetic changes to affect the survival of tumor cells with a malignant phenotype. Additionally, the TME is influenced by m6A regulatory factors, impacting the progression and prognosis of CRC. In this review, we describe the interactions and specific mechanisms between m6A modification and the metabolic, hypoxia, inflammatory, and immune microenvironments of CRC. Furthermore, we summarize the therapeutic role that m6A modification can play in the CRC microenvironment, and discuss the current status, limitations, and potential future directions in this field. This review aims to provide new insights into the molecular targets and theoretical foundations for the treatment of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issues in clothing pattern style migration, this paper proposes a digital simulation and re-editing method for clothing patterns based on deep learning and somatosensory interaction. First, the proposed method encodes the black-and-white line drawing image, generating random noise images through a diffusion process, introducing color information for synthesis, and using a decoder to reconstruct a colored image. Afterwards, an improved VGG19 model is used to reconstruct content features and perform linear color transformation on style images, enabling pattern style migration through the construction of a Gram matrix and resulting in colored clothing texture patterns. Finally, a KinectV2 is utilized for fabric simulation, overlaying colorful clothing texture patterns to achieve 3D virtual dressing. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) by 9–11% and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by 3–8% when compared to existing algorithms. The experiments provide evidence that the proposed method effectively mitigates color overflow, delivers precise image coloring, and accomplishes realistic restoration of clothing texture. Furthermore, the method offers an improved garment fit to fulfill the user's interaction requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of human mortality worldwide, mainly due to atherosclerosis (AS), and the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event in the development of AS. Exosomes contain a variety of specific nucleic acids and proteins that mediate intercellular communication. The role of exosomes in AS has attracted attention. This review uses the VSMC phenotypic transition in AS as the entry point, introduces the effect of exosomes on AS from different perspectives, and discusses the status quo, deficiencies, and potential future directions in this field to provide new ideas for clinical research and treatment of AS. DJGcp3cejtkvr6JjXMyZb9 Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable air distribution is crucial to improve the air quality in hospital consulting room. Different air distribution schemes have certain effects on indoor temperature field, air flow field and particle concentration field. Based on a large general hospital project, this paper makes a subjective questionnaire survey and field test on indoor air quality of hospital buildings. Field test parameters include temperature, indoor air velocity, humidity, carbon dioxide and total volatile organic compound concentration. The results of the questionnaire survey show that a small number of people are not satisfied with the air quality in the hospital consulting room, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in some areas is high, which affects human health. The geometric model is established according to the test data, and the numerical simulation is carried out by CFD software to study the effects of three different air distribution. The research results show that the air distribution form of up-supply and side-return is more suitable for hospital consulting room and the air quality is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daily step count is a readily accessible physical activity measure inversely related to many important health outcomes. However, its day-to-day variability is not clear, especially when measured by recent mobile devices. This study investigates number of measurement days required to reliably estimate the weekly and monthly levels of daily step count in adults using wrist-worn fitness trackers and smartphones. Data were from a 5-month physical activity program in Singapore. The 5-month period was divided into 22 weekly and 5 monthly time windows. For each time window, we leveraged data sampling procedures and estimated the minimum number of measurement days needed to achieve reliable mean daily step count with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) above 80%. The ICCs were derived using linear mixed effect models. We examined both simple random and random consecutive measurement days and conducted subgroup analysis by participant characteristics and tracking devices. Analysis of weekly and monthly step count included 212,048 and 112,865 adults, respectively. Fewer simple random measurement days are needed than random consecutive days for weekly time windows (mean 2.5, SD 0.5 vs mean 2.7, SD 0.5; p-value = 0.025). Similarly, monthly time windows require fewer measurements of simple random days than random consecutive days (mean 3.4, SD 0.5 vs mean 4.4, SD 0.5; p-value = 0.025). Younger participants and those tracking steps via smartphones consistently required more days. Being obese was associated with more measurement days for weekly time windows. In sum, to obtain reliable daily step count level, we recommend at least 3 measurement days for weekly and 5 days for monthly time window in adults. Fewer days could be considered for adults age 60+ years, while more days are required when tracking daily step via smartphones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) is currently the fastest receive-only ultrafast imaging technique with snapshot. CUP can capture non-repetitive transient events through three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction based on a compressed sensing (CS) algorithm. However, CUP is a lossy imaging technique via image encoding and decoding, so how to further improve the image reconstruction accuracy has always been a goal pursued by scientists. Here, we develop a novel design of multichannel-coupled CUP (i.e. MC-CUP) to improve the image reconstruction accuracy. MC-CUP can not only increase the sampling rate, but also keep the snapshot of CUP. To demonstrate the advantage of MC-CUP in the image reconstruction accuracy, we measure a spatially modulated picosecond laser pulse and a 3D stepped structure, and these experimental results confirm that MC-CUP can significantly improve the spatial and temporal resolutions compared to CUP. This study will further promote the practical applications of CUP in ultrafast imaging, especially for biomedical imaging with high spatial resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess three well-established type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk prediction models based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in Chinese, Malays, and Indians, and to develop simplified risk models based on either FPG or HbA1c. We used a prospective multiethnic Singapore cohort to evaluate the established models and develop simplified models. 6,217 participants without T2D at baseline were included, with an average follow-up duration of 8.3 years. The simplified risk models were validated in two independent multiethnic Singapore cohorts (N = 12,720). The established risk models had moderate-to-good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, AUCs 0.762 – 0.828) but a lack of fit (P-values < 0.05). Simplified risk models that included fewer predictors (age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HbA1c or FPG) showed good discrimination in all cohorts (AUCs ≥ 0.810), and sufficiently captured differences between the ethnic groups. While recalibration improved fit the simplified models in validation cohorts, there remained evidence of miscalibration in Chinese (p ≤ 0.012). Simplified risk models including HbA1c or FPG had good discrimination in predicting incidence of T2D in three major Asian ethnic groups. Risk functions with HbA1c performed as well as those with FPG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the motivation, attitude, and practice toward mentoring and related factors among clinical nursing mentors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included clinical nursing mentors from 30 hospitals in Zhejiang Province between August and September 2023. Demographic information, motivation, attitude, and practice were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 495 valid questionnaires were collected, and most of the participants were 30–39 years old (68.7%). Average motivation, attitude, and practice scores were 29 [26, 32] (possible range: 8–40), 87 (82, 94) (possible range: 22–110), and 41 (38, 45) (possible range: 11–55), respectively. Correlation analyses showed that the motivation scores were positively correlated with attitude scores (r = 0.498, P < 0.001) and practice scores (r = 0.408, P = 0.001), while attitude scores were positively correlated with practice scores (r = 0.554, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that intermediate and senior nursing mentors (OR = 0.638, 95% CI: [0.426–0.956], P = 0.030) and different hospitals (OR = 1.627, 95% CI: [1.054–2.511], P = 0.028) were independently associated with motivation. The hospital's frequency of psychological care was a significant factor associated with nursing mentoring motivation, attitude, and practice. Participation in training (OR = 2.908, 95% CI: [1.430, 5.913], P = 0.003) and lower frequency of job evaluation in hospital ("Often": OR = 0.416, 95% CI: [0.244–0.709], P = 0.001 and "Sometimes": OR = 0.346, 95% CI: [0.184–0.650], P = 0.001) were independently associated with practice. Conclusion: Clinical nursing mentors had adequate motivation, positive attitude, and proactive practice towards mentoring and associated factors. Clinical nursing mentorship should be enhanced by prioritizing mentor training, fostering a supportive environment with consistent psychological care, and promoting structured mentorship activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the motivation, attitude, and practice toward mentoring and related factors among clinical nursing mentors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included clinical nursing mentors from 30 hospitals in Zhejiang Province between August and September 2023. Demographic information, motivation, attitude, and practice were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 495 valid questionnaires were collected, and most of the participants were 30–39 years old (68.7%). Average motivation, attitude, and practice scores were 29 [26, 32] (possible range: 8–40), 87 (82, 94) (possible range: 22–110), and 41 (38, 45) (possible range: 11–55), respectively. Correlation analyses showed that the motivation scores were positively correlated with attitude scores (r = 0.498, P < 0.001) and practice scores (r = 0.408, P = 0.001), while attitude scores were positively correlated with practice scores (r = 0.554, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that intermediate and senior nursing mentors (OR = 0.638, 95% CI: [0.426–0.956], P = 0.030) and different hospitals (OR = 1.627, 95% CI: [1.054–2.511], P = 0.028) were independently associated with motivation. The hospital's frequency of psychological care was a significant factor associated with nursing mentoring motivation, attitude, and practice. Participation in training (OR = 2.908, 95% CI: [1.430, 5.913], P = 0.003) and lower frequency of job evaluation in hospital ("Often": OR = 0.416, 95% CI: [0.244–0.709], P = 0.001 and "Sometimes": OR = 0.346, 95% CI: [0.184–0.650], P = 0.001) were independently associated with practice. Conclusion: Clinical nursing mentors had adequate motivation, positive attitude, and proactive practice towards mentoring and associated factors. Clinical nursing mentorship should be enhanced by prioritizing mentor training, fostering a supportive environment with consistent psychological care, and promoting structured mentorship activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observing transient events is of great importance for understanding fundamental principles and further controlling the related processes. To surmount the limitations of human vision, special tools are required to detect and record these transient events. Among existing approaches, framing photography stands out by its high spatiotemporal resolution with a 2D field of view and low crosstalk between adjacent frames. This review aims to summarize the technical routes of framing photography and provide a guide for choosing suitable tools for the observation of transient phenomena. The basic principles of framing photography are introduced and then an overview of the main categories by analyzing the system configurations and working principles are presented. Then, the existing devices are classified into mechanical, electrical, and optical framing photography. For each category, representative techniques and applications are discussed. Finally, a prospect for framing photography is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When ischemic stroke occurs, the upstream of GSDMD is activated and then GSDMD is processed, which makes GSDMD-NT forms pores in the plasma membrane, thereby inducing pathophysiology processes and further aggravate cerebral ischemia injury. [Display omitted] Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide that triggers a variety of neuropathological conditions, leading to the initiation of several pro-inflammatory mediators and neuronal damage. Neuroinflammation has been considered the potential therapeutic target and contributes to the pathology of ischemia and reperfusion. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in immune protection against stroke. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the final executor of pyroptosis upon cleavage by caspases-1/4/5/11, followed by canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation, leading to a series of inflammatory responses. GSDMD N-terminal domain assembles plasma membrane as well as organelle membrane pores to induce cytolysis, thereby triggering cytokine release and inflammatory-related cell death. In our review, we concisely summarized and highlighted the potential role of GSDMD-regulated pyroptosis and the biological characteristic of GSDMD as a therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. A better understanding of the roles of GSDMD may provide a theoretical basis for the design of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper presents a reconstruction algorithm based on total variation (TV) and block matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) to improve the image quality of CUP. • New algorithm simultaneously exploits gradient sparsity and non-local similarity by incorporating combined denoisers. • New algorithm not only improves the image reconstruction quality, but also strengthens the noise immunity of CUP. Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP), as the fastest receive-only ultrafast imaging technology by combining steak imaging and compressed sensing (CS), has shown to be a powerful tool to measure ultrafast dynamic scenes. Through a reconstruction algorithm based on CS, CUP can capture the three-dimensional image information of non-repetitive transient events with a single exposure. However, it still suffers from poor image reconstruction quality on account of the super-high data compression ratio induced by the undersampling strategy. Here, we propose a total variation (TV) combined with block matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) reconstruction algorithm to improve the image quality of CUP, which is named as the TV-BM3D algorithm. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously exploit gradient sparsity and non-local similarity for image reconstruction by incorporating TV and BM3D denoisers. Both the numerical simulations and experimental results show that, compared with the two conventional two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding and augmented Lagrangian algorithms in CUP, the TV-BM3D algorithm can not only improve the image reconstruction quality, but also strengthen the noise immunity of this technique. It is prospected that these improvements in image reconstruction will further promote the practical applications of CUP in capturing complex physical and biological dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast laser pulses with complex spatiotemporal and polarization couplings have shown great application prospects in coherent control, particle acceleration, molecular dynamics excitation, and chiral or anisotropic detection. It is very important to observe the polarization‐coupled ultrafast laser pulses for characterizing the performance of laser source and understanding the laser‐matter interaction, but there is currently no detection technique that can completely characterize them, including the spatio‐, spectral‐, and polarimetric‐temporal information. In this work, a polarimetric‐spectral‐sensitive has been compressed ultrafast photography (PS‐CUP) to realize the real‐time intensity visualization of time‐varying polarized (TP) ultrafast laser pulses. PS‐CUP can not only distinguish the polarization state of a TP pulse, but also realize the spatio‐, spectral‐ and polarimetric‐temporal measurement. To demonstrate the ability of polarization resolving detection, PS‐CUP is used to successfully distinguish between the sinistral and dextral TP pulses and measure the angle and degree of linear polarization of a dextral TP pulse, respectively, and the experimental results are highly consistent with theoretical simulations. Owing to the unprecedented multidimensional detection ability, PS‐CUP is prospected to provide a powerful tool for the diagnosis of various complex ultrafast laser pulses and the detection of ultrafast chiral optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impregnation of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) with porous cobalt-cerium oxide (HPW@CoCeO) has been prepared by pyrolysis of CoCe-MOF and used for the production of methyl oleate from oleic acid and methanol. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption, and NH3-TPD were characterized for the prepared composites. Simultaneously, the effects of reaction time, substrate molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst loading on catalytic activity were highlighted, and the conversion of 67.2% was reached after 4 h at 60°C. Importantly, HPW@CoCeO was reusabe and reused more than eight times, and the oleic acid conversion could be maintained at 61.8% without significant activity loss. Thus, the HPW@CoCeO composite could be used as acid catalysts for sustainable energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is vital to tailor the surface structure and composition of nanocatalysts, which greatly affect the catalytic activity through the exposure of specific atom coordination environment. To date, less progress has been made in tuning the interface structures of pyrite for promoting the catalytic activity towards overall water splitting. Herein, we developed a facile one-spot strategy to make carbon-layer-coated CoS2–FeS2 heterojunction nanosheets. The carbon layer and interface structures between Co–S and Fe–S were characterized via high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It exhibited a high OER activity with 1.47 V at 10 mA cm−2, which was superior to that of the commercial RuO2. Meanwhile, the carbon-layer-coated CoS2–FeS2 heterojunction nanosheets with the overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm−2 was more active than FeS2 nanosheets with 240 mV in the hydrogen evolution reaction. Notably, it enhanced the catalytic activity towards the overall water splitting with the voltage of 1.66 V at 10 mA cm−2 using a two-electrode system. The remarkable long-term stability was verified by a slight change in the current density of 6 mA cm−2 for 26 h. The prominent catalytic activity could be related to the exposure of the carbon layer and interface structures. This work demonstrates that engineering the interface structure is essential for boosting the overall water splitting activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Programs promoting population health through physical activity (PA) and exposure to nature are popular, but few have been evaluated in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a park prescription intervention (PPI) for improving total moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), other PA related behaviors, quality of life (QoL) and cardio-metabolic health among adults. Methods: Healthy individuals aged 40 to 65 years were recruited through community health screenings and randomly assigned to 1) PPI: face-to-face Park Prescription + invitation to weekly exercise sessions in parks, or 2) control: standard PA materials. After the six-month intervention, participants completed accelerometer assessments, questionnaires on health behaviors and QoL, and health screenings. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare outcomes between groups, with secondary analysis adjusted for co-variates via multiple linear regression. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Eighty participants were allocated to each group. Participants with mean age of 51.1 (Standard Deviation: 6.3) years were predominantly female (79%) and of Chinese ethnicity (81%). Participation in the group exercise started at 48% and declined to 24% by week 26. At six-months, 145 (91%) participants attended health screenings for outcome measure collection, and 126 (79%) provided valid accelerometer data. Time spent in MVPA favored the PPI group but this difference was not statistically significant (4.4 (− 43.8, 52.7) minutes/week; when removing 2 extreme outliers 26.8 (− 9.7, 63.4) minutes/week). Time spent in parks (147.5 (2.1, 292.9) minutes/month), PA in parks (192.5 (59.5, 325.5) minutes/month), and recreational PA (48.7 (1.4, 96.0) minutes/week) were significantly greater in the PPI group. PPI also significantly improved psychological QoL (4.0 (0.0, 8.0). Discussion: PPI improved park use, PA in parks, recreational PA, and psychological QoL but not total MVPA. Future RCTs' are warranted to investigate PPI in different target populations and to provide further evidence for improvements in health outcomes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02615392, 26 November 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is a common neurological disorder that disproportionately affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, leading to significant disability and mortality. Recently, human blood metabolites have been discovered to be useful in unraveling the underlying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between human blood metabolites and susceptibility to stroke. Methods: Summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of serum metabolites and stroke and its subtypes were obtained separately. A total of 486 serum metabolites were used as the exposure. Simultaneously, 11 different stroke phenotypes were set as the outcomes, including any stroke (AS), any ischemic stroke (AIS), large artery stroke (LAS), cardioembolic stroke (CES), small vessel stroke (SVS), lacunar stroke (LS), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), transient ischemic attack (TIA), and brain microbleeds (BMB). A two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to investigate the causal effects of serum metabolites on stroke and its subtypes. The inverse variance-weighted MR analyses were conducted as causal estimates, accompanied by a series of sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of the results. Furthermore, a reverse MR analysis was conducted to assess the potential for reverse causation. Additionally, metabolic pathway analysis was performed using the web-based MetOrigin. Results: After correcting for the false discovery rate (FDR), MR analysis results revealed remarkable causative associations with 25 metabolites. Further sensitivity analyses confirmed that only four causative associations involving three specific metabolites passed all sensitivity tests, namely ADpSGEGDFXAEGGGVR* for AS (OR: 1.599, 95% CI 1.283–1.993, p = 2.92 × 10−5) and AIS (OR: 1.776, 95% CI 1.380–2.285, p = 8.05 × 10−6), 1-linoleoylglycerophosph-oethanolamine* for LAS (OR: 0.198, 95% CI 0.091–0.428, p = 3.92 × 10−5), and gamma-glutamylmethionine* for SAH (OR: 3.251, 95% CI 1.876–5.635, p = 2.66 × 10−5), thereby demonstrating a high degree of stability. Moreover, eight causative associations involving seven other metabolites passed both sensitivity tests and were considered robust. The association result of one metabolite (glutamate for LAS) was considered non-robust. As for the remaining metabolites, we speculate that they may potentially possess underlying causal relationships. Notably, no common metabolites emerged from the reverse MR analysis. Moreover, after FDR correction, metabolic pathway analysis identified 40 significant pathways across 11 stroke phenotypes. Conclusions: The identified metabolites and their associated metabolic pathways are promising circulating metabolic biomarkers, holding potential for their application in stroke screening and preventive strategies within clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issues of low accuracy in existing 3D human pose estimation (HPE) methods and the limited level of details in Labanotation, we propose an extended Labanotation generation method for intangible cultural heritage dance videos based on 3D HPE. First, a 2D human pose sequence of the performer is inputted along with spatial location embeddings, where multiple spatial transformer modules are employed to extract spatial features of human joints and generate cross-joint multiple hypotheses. Afterward, temporal features are extracted by a self-attentive module and the correlation between different hypotheses is learned using bilinear pooling. Finally, the 3D joint coordinates of the performer are predicted, which are matched with the corresponding extended Labanotation symbols using the Laban template matching method to generate extended Labanotation. Experimental results show that, compared with VideoPose and CrossFormer algorithms, the Mean Per Joint Position Error (MPJPE) of the proposed method is reduced by 3.7 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively on Human3.6M dataset, and the generated extended Labanotation can better describe the movement details compared with the basic Labanotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular hybridization is considered as an effective tactic to develop drugs for the treatment of cancer. A series of novel hybrid compounds of isatin and Michael acceptor were designed and synthesized on the basis of association principle. These hybrid compounds were tested for cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines namely, BGC-823, SGC-7901 and NCI-H460 by MTT assay. Most compounds showed good anti-growth activities in all tested human cancer cells. SAR and QSAR analysis may provide vital information for the future development of novel anti-cancer inhibitors. Notably, compound 6a showed potent growth inhibition on BGC-823, SGC-7901 and NCI-H460 with the IC 50 values of 3.6 ± 0.6, 5.7 ± 1.2, 3.2 ± 0.7 μM, respectively. Besides, colony formation assays, wound healing assays and flow cytometry analysis indicated 6a exhibited a potent anti-growth and anti-migration ability in a concentration-dependence manner through arrested cells in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Moreover, 6a significantly repressed tumor growth in a NCI-H460 xenograft mouse model. Overall, our findings suggested isatin analogues inspired Michael acceptor may provide promising lead compounds for the development of cancer chemotherapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress and abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) influence atherosclerosis formation and development. Oxidative stress significantly influences the abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major antioxidant factor. However, the precise function of Nrf2 in the regulation of abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs and atherosclerosis is unclear. We investigated the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in atherosclerosis in male Apoe −/− and Apoe −/− Nrf2 −/− mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. In cultured mouse VSMCs, we studied the effect of Nrf2 on ox-LDL-stimulated proliferation and migration by using siRNA treatment to silence Nrf2. We then performed dual luciferase reporter and immunoprecipitation assays to study the interaction between Nrf2 and the promoter sequence of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1). Our results demonstrate that Nrf2 expression levels were increased in the aorta and VSMCs of mice in the atherosclerosis model group compared with the control group. We also provide evidence that Nrf2 deficiency attenuated atherosclerotic plaque burden, diminished proliferation, and migration of VSMCs but enhanced VSMC-specific marker gene expression in vitro and in vivo. This is related to Nrf2 binding to the promoter sequence of LOX-1. Furthermore, Nrf2 downregulation contributes to restrain both transcriptional and translational activities of LOX-1. Together, our data indicate that Nrf2 insufficiency is linked to attenuation of atherosclerosis, and could diminish the pathological process by blunting LOX-1-mediated proliferation and migration of VSMCs. [Display omitted] • Nrf2 drives atherosclerotic plaque formation. • Ox-LDL augments the expression of Nrf2 in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). • Nrf2 induces proliferation and migration of VSMCs in Apoe −/− mice and in vitro. • Nrf2 deficiency diminishes LOX-1 activity and the oxidative stress level of VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. • Nrf2 binds LOX-1 promoter and increases its expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multimodal fusion-based compressed ultrafast photography was proposed, which simultaneously records the same dynamic scene with different imaging modes. • Transient images were first utilized to assist in the reconstruction of CUP. • An untrained neural network-based reconstruction algorithm was proposed for conducting image reconstruction of MF-CUP. • The superiority of the proposed method in temporal and spatial fidelity was verified in simulations and experiments. Featuring high frame rate and large sequence depth in a single shot, compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) has emerged as an outstanding tool for observing ultrafast phenomena, especially those unrepeatable or irreversible ones. However, the lower image quality in CUP due to high data compressive ratio has always been a tough issue, hampering its further applications in capturing the transient scenes with fine structural information. To overcome this disadvantage in CUP, here we report a multimodal fusion-based compressed ultrafast photography to achieve high-fidelity ultrafast imaging, termed MF-CUP. MF-CUP simultaneously records the dynamic scenes with three different imaging models, involving CUP, transient imaging and spatiotemporal integration imaging. Attributed to the joint acquisition of the dynamic scenes from different imaging models and the multimodal fusion image reconstruction algorithm enabled by untrained neural network, MF-CUP acquires the higher fidelity in both spatial and temporal domains compared with traditional CUP. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that MF-CUP can effectively enhance the accuracy and quality of reconstructed images. Given this high-fidelity imaging ability of MF-CUP, it will provide a powerful tool for the detection of ultrafast dynamics with fine details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cancer‐testis antigen 23 (CT23) gene has been reported in association with the pathogenesis and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the alterations of gene expression profiling induced by CT23 knockdown in HCC cells remains largely unknown. In this study, the RNA interfering (RNAi) method was used to silence CT23 expression in BEL‐7404 cells. Microarray analysis was performed on mRNA extracted from the CT23 knockdown cells and the control cells to determine the alterations of gene expression profiles. The result showed a total of 1051 genes expressed differentially (two‐fold change), including 470 genes upregulated and 581 gene downregulated in the CT23 knockdown cells. A bioinformatic analysis showed that the functional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were linked to cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, and metallothionein 1 (MT1) attained the maximum enrichment scores in functional annotation, classification, and pathway analysis of DEGs. Furthermore, Western blot analysis and cell behaviors assays verified that CT23 modulates cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis by regulating MT1 expression in HCC cells and non‐neoplastic hepatocytes. In summary, downregulated CT23 gene in BEL‐7404 cells might change the expressions of carcinogenesis and progression related genes in HCC by upregulating MT1 expression, which would provide insight into searching for a novel therapeutic target for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel pyroptosis inducers with anti-tumor activity were discovered. • Efficient synthesis of 1H-benzo[ e ]indole-2(3H)-one spirocyclic compounds by a green, "one-pot" method using water as solvent. • A promising anti-tumor candidate compound A9. Pyroptosis induction is anticipated to be a new approach to developing anti-tumor medications. A novel class of spirocyclic compounds was designed by hybridization of 1H-Benzo[ e ]indole-2(3H)-one with 1,4-dihydroquinoline and synthesized through a new green "one-pot" synthesis method using 10 wt% SDS/H 2 O as a solvent to screen novel tumor cell pyroptosis inducers. The anti-tumor activity of all compounds in vitro was determined by the MTT method, and a fraction of the compounds showed good cell growth inhibitory activity. The quantitative structure–activity relationship models of the compounds were established by artificial intelligence random forest algorithm (R2 = 0.9656 and 0.9747). The ideal compound A9 could, in a concentration-dependent manner, prevent ovarian cancer cells from forming colonies, migrating, and invading. Furthermore, A9 could significantly induce pyroptosis and upregulate the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins GSDME-N, in addition to inducing apoptosis and mediating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in ovarian cancer cells. A9 (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumor volume and weight of ovarian cancer in vivo , decreased caspase-3 expression in tumor tissue, and induced the production of GSDME-N. This study provides a green and efficient atom-economic synthesis method for 1H-Benzo[ e ]indole-2(3H)-one spirocyclic derivatives and a promising pyroptosis inducer with anti-tumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This process evaluation explored the implementation and mechanisms of impact of a Park Prescription Intervention trial (PPI), including the effects of hypothesised mediators (motivation, social support, recreational physical activity [PA], park use and park PA) on trial outcomes.Methods: Participants from the community were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 80) or control (n = 80) group. The intervention included baseline counselling, a prescription of exercise in parks, materials, three-month follow-up counselling and 26 weekly group exercise sessions in parks. Process evaluation indicators were assessed at three- and six-months. Implementation indicators included participation rates in intervention components and survey questions plus focus group discussions (FGDs) to understand which components participants valued. FGDs further assessed barriers and facilitators to intervention participation. To explore mechanisms of impact, linear regression was used to compare objectively measured PA between quantiles of group exercise participation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) explored hypothesised mediation of the significant intervention effects. Framework analysis was conducted for FGDs.Results: Participants were middle-aged (mean 51, SD ± 6.3 years), predominantly female (79%) and of Chinese ethnicity (81%). All intervention participants received baseline counselling, the park prescription and materials, whilst 94% received the follow-up counselling. Mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA/week (95% CI) differed by group exercise participation (p = 0.018): 0% participation (n = 18) 128.3 (69.3, 187.2) minutes, > 0-35.9% participation (n = 18) 100.3 (36.9, 163.6) minutes, > 35.9-67.9% participation (n = 17) 50.5 (- 4.9, 105.9) minutes and > 67.9% participation (n = 18) 177.4 (122.0, 232.8) minutes. Park PA at three-months had significant mediating effects (95% CI) on recreational PA 26.50 (6.65, 49.37) minutes/week, park use 185.38 (45.40, 353.74) minutes/month, park PA/month 165.48 (33.14, 334.16) minutes and psychological quality of life score 1.25 (0.19, 2.69) at six-months. Prioritising time with family and preferences for unstructured activities were barriers to intervention participation. Human interaction via follow-up or group exercise were facilitators.Conclusion: This process evaluation showed park PA consistently mediated effects of the PPI, suggesting activity in parks was a mechanism of its effects. To optimise effectiveness, participants' preference for prioritising time with family through family involvement and tailoring the intervention to participants' preferences for structured or unstructured PA could be considered in future studies.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02615392 , 26 November 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We developed an advanced compressed ultrafast photography technique to measure the spatiotemporal intensity distribution of the picosecond laser pulses, involving the experimental measurement system and the three-dimensional image reconstruction algorithm. • Our compressed ultrafast photography system can measure the picosecond laser pulses with a wide spectral range from ultraviolet (200 nm) to near infrared (850 nm), which depends on the spectral response of the streak camera. • Our compressed ultrafast photography system can measure the arbitrary spatiotemporal intensity distribution of the laser pulses within the temporal resolution of the streak camera (4 ps). • The compressed ultrafast photography technique has the remarkable advantages with the single shot measurement and without the reference laser pulse. • The compressed ultrafast photography technique extends the measurement of the picosecond laser pulses based on the streak camera from one dimension to two dimension in the space. Abstract The spatiotemporal measurement of the ultrashort laser pulses is of great significance in the diagnosis of the instrument performance and the exploration of the laser and matter interaction. In this work, we report an advanced compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) technique to measure the spatiotemporal intensity distribution of the picosecond laser pulses with a single shot. This CUP technique is based on a three-dimensional image reconstruction strategy by employing the random codes to encode the space-time-evolving laser pulse and decode it based on a compressed sensing (CS) algorithm. In our CUP system, the measurable laser wavelength depends on the spectral response of the streak camera, which can cover a wide range from ultraviolet (200 nm) to near infrared (850 nm). Based on the CUP system we develop, we successfully measure the spatiotemporal intensity evolutions of some typical laser pulses, such as the 800 nm picosecond laser pulse, the 800 and 400 nm two-color picosecond laser pulses and the supercontinuum picosecond laser pulse. These experimental results show that the CUP technique can well characterize the spatiotemporal intensity information of the picosecond laser pulses. Moreover, this technique has the remarkable advantages with the single shot measurement and without the reference laser pulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles deposited on hydroxyapatite coatings (Ag-HA) by a two-stage electrochemical method were found to impart inconsistent antibacterial properties to the bioactive coatings. To test the hypothesis that oxidation of the silver nanoparticles would enhance antimicrobial activity, the coatings were heated in air at 170° C for 8 h. Following heat treatment, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of silver oxide on the surface of the silver nanoparticles. The heat treatment did not cause any measurable change in the crystal structure of the coating as determined by X-ray diffraction. Bacterial culture tests revealed that the heated Ag-HA coatings were able to kill Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) more consistently than non-heated coatings. It is believed that silver nanoparticles in the heated Ag-HA coatings can release more Ag + ions into the bacterial suspension, since Ag + ions play a significant role in antibacterial activity. The heat treatment temperature of 170° C is high enough for dry heat sterilization protocols, yet low enough to allow hydroxyapatite crystals to remain stable. The heat treatment process therefore offers a simple technique to ensure consistent antimicrobial activity from the bioactive Ag-HA composite coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Food-evoked emotions evolve over time during consumption. [•] Temporal Dominance of Emotions (TDE) captures dynamics in food-evoked emotions. [•] Combined measurement of TDS and TDE results in a richer product characterization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: Integrated 24-Hour Movement Guidelines provide specific recommendations on screen viewing (SV), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep to improve health of children and youth. However, few studies have examined whether these guidelines are met in young children, particularly in Asia. We evaluated adherence to integrated and individual guidelines and its predictors in 5.5-year-old Singaporean children. Methods: Growing Up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) is a mother-offspring birth cohort study. At age 5.5 years, child SV was reported by parents. Movement behaviours (MBs) were measured continuously using wrist-worn accelerometers over 7 consecutive days and nights. For accelerometer data including ≥3 days with ≥16 h/day we estimated mean (±SD) daily MVPA, SV and nighttime sleep duration across the week. Adherence to integrated (Canadian/Australian) guidelines was defined as meeting all individual guidelines: ≥60 min of MVPA/day, ≤2 h of screen time/day, and 9–11 h of sleep/night. Socio-demographic and maternal predictors collected at pregnancy enrolment and at 26–28 weeks' gestation were examined by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 864 children followed up age 5.5 years, 547 (63.3%) had both valid ActiGraph and questionnaire data (51.7% boys and 58.3% Chinese ethnicity). Children averaged 101.9 (± 88.7) min/day SV, 67.3 (± 23.7) min/day MVPA and 480.6 (± 57.2) min/night sleep. Few children met integrated guidelines. Specifically, the proportions of children who met none, SV, MVPA, sleep and integrated guidelines were 11.2, 70.2, 59.6, 13.7 and 5.5%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that maternal activity and television (TV) viewing were associated with meeting integrated guidelines (insufficiently vs. highly active (OR [95% CI]): 0.11 [0.01, 0.95]; 2–3 vs. ≥ 3 h TV: 3.52 [1.02, 12.22]). Examining higher adherence to individual guidelines, Chinese ethnicity, younger maternal age and lower maternal TV and sleep time were associated with greater SV; male sex, Malay ethnicity, higher birth order and higher maternal activity level were associated with greater MVPA; and older maternal age was associated with adherence to sleep guideline. Conclusions: Beyond individual behaviours, consideration of the full spectrum of MBs may be important to improve children's health. However, few Singaporean children adhere to integrated 24-h movement guidelines. Maternal behaviours as early as during pregnancy could be important targets for future interventions aiming to promote these MBs in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]