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The optimal allocation of educational resources has been a hot issue, and exploring the accessibility of educational facilities in poor mountainous areas helps to reasonably plan the layout of educational facilities and promote the balanced development of education. Taking the rocky desertification area in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou (YGGRD) as the study area, based on the POI data of educational facilities in the YGGRD in 2000, 2010 and 2019, this study explored the evolution of the accessibility of educational facilities in the YGGRD through raster accessibility. And the influencing factors were analyzed by the ordinary least square method (OLS) and geographically weighted regression model (GWR), and evaluated the model through cross validation. The results show that the overall accessibility of educational facilities improved significantly from 2000 to 2019. Educational facilities mainly have good accessibility and average accessibility. Poor accessibility areas are concentrated in the interprovincial border regions, and the boundary effect is significant. County accessibility, population density and rural per capita disposable income have a great impact on the accessibility of educational facilities in the YGGRD. It is suggested to strengthen the construction of educational facilities in the interprovincial border regions, relocate and integrate villages, and improve the education quality of township schools to improve the supply of rural educational resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vacuolar sorting protein 35 (VPS35), a key component of the retromer, plays an essential role in selectively retrieval of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to trans-Golgi networks. Dysfunctional retromer is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglial VPS35 deficiency is found in AD patients' brain; however, it remains unclear if and how microglial VPS35-loss contributes to AD development.Methods: We used mice with VPS35 cKO (conditional knockout) in microglial cells in 5XFAD, an AD mouse model. The AD related brain pathology (Aβ and glial activation), behavior, and phagocytosis of Aβ were accessed by a combination of immunofluorescence staining analyses and neurological behavior tests.Results: A decrease in learning and memory function, but increases in insoluble, fibrillar, and plaques of β-amyloids (Aβ), dystrophic neurites, and reactive astrocytes are observed in microglial VPS35 deficient 5XFAD mice. Further examining microglial phenotype demonstrates necessity of microglial VPS35 in disease-associated microglia (DAM) development and microglial uptake of Aβ, revealing a tight association of microglial Aβ uptake with DAM development.Conclusions: Together, these results uncovered a mechanism by which microglial VPS35-deficiency precipitates AD pathology in 5XFAD mice likely by impairing DAM development and DAM mediated Aβ uptake and clearance, and thus accelerating the cognition decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we attempt to analyze the influence of different excitation factors on the dynamic behavior of a gear transmission system in a braiding machine. In order to observe nonlinear characteristics, a mathematical model is established with a six-degrees-of-freedom gear system for consideration of multiple excitation factors. Iterative results are used to study the nonlinear characteristics of the gear system with respect to contact temperature, varying levels of friction, and disturbance of yarn tension using bifurcation diagrams, maximum Lyapunov exponents, phase diagrams, Poincare maps, and the power spectrum. The numerical results show that excitation factors such as temperature and surface friction, among others, have considerable influence on the nonlinear characteristics of the gear system in a braiding machine, and the model is evaluated to show the key regions of sensitivity. The analysis of associated parameters can be helpful in the design and control of braiding machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to investigate the differences between in-situ and ex-situ methods of bimetallic supported catalysts for biomass catalytic pyrolysis. In this paper, the Ni–Fe/CaO–Al 2 O 3 catalysts with different Ni/Fe ratios have been synthesized by coprecipitation method, and it was explored that the effect of products distribution about Chinese herb residue(CHR) catalytic pyrolysis by in-situ and ex-situ methods. The results showed that in-situ NiFe-3 group had the highest content of aromatic compounds (59.68%) and the lowest content of aliphatic compounds (17.67%). This was beneficial to the utilization of chemical raw materials extracted from pyrolysis oil. Meanwhile, the CaO in the catalyst effectively reduces the acid content and corrosion of pyrolysis oil. The results showed that higher Ni and CaO content has the synergistic catalytic action in ex-situ catalytic experiments. It could promote water-gas shift reaction, which is conducive to the generation of H 2. In-situ catalysis is mainly used for the upgrading of pyrolysis oil, while ex-situ catalysis is mainly used to promote secondary pyrolysis of pyrolysis products and improve the quality of pyrolysis oil. This work provides reference for the difference and high value utilization of biomass pyrolysis by different catalytic methods. • The spinel structure formed when Ni: Fe= 1:1 act synergistically on tar cracking. • In-situ catalysis can selectively modify the pyrolysis oil. • Ex-situ catalysis can improve the quality of pyrolysis gas. • Fe and Ni have effective selectivity for CH 4 and H 2 , respectively. • Ni and CaO are complementary to generate and absorb CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For multi-agent system(MAS) with cooperative-competitive mechanisms, we aim to investigate its complex group consensus such as group scaled consensus and group-bipartite scaled consensus. Firstly, for directed graph G with m closed strongly connected components (CSCCs), we show the existence and nonuniqueness of its acyclic partition by giving a CSCC-based acyclic partition strategy, where MAS is divided into m subnetworks with directed spanning trees and the condensed graph of G is a directed acyclic graph. Secondly, under the extensive in-degree balance condition for cooperative-competitive network, an appropriate distributed control protocol is designed to guarantee that MASs can achieve group/group-bipartite scaled consensus by introducing cooperative-competitive matrix and scaling parameter matrix. Furthermore, to guarantee the faster convergence of MASs, we further improve and optimize the acyclic partition strategy by rich algebra and graph theories in three aspects: the selection of sub-root nodes, the division of multi-reachable nodes and the selection of directed spanning tree in each subnetwork. Finally, some simulation examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) for various clinical therapeutic applications is increasing. It is widely believed that peripheral therapeutic or toxic effects of BTX-A are exclusively mediated by SNAP-25 cleavage. There is growing evidence of long-distance retrograde axonal transport of BTX-A on entering the central nervous system, subsequent to a local injection of the toxin. However, the prevalence of central antinociceptive effects after BTX-A peripheral application and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Our results show that (1) BTX-A can undergo retrograde axonal transport to the dorsal horn after peripheral application; (2) Peripheral pretreatment with BTX-A decreases the expression and function of AMPA receptors in the spinal cord dorsal horn neurons; (3) Peripheral pretreatment with BTX-A does not change basal glutamate release, but decreases the effect of formalin-evoked release of glutamate in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. These results suggest that peripheral application of BTX-A can change AMPA receptor expression in, and glutamate release from, spinal dorsal horn neurons, which may have significance in its central antinociceptive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ECG was invented in 1903, this is the first time in history that a full information multi-band and multi-linear electrophysiological cardiogram has been used to successfully scan and record on the human body surface. Since it is able to record various multi-band, multi-track linear electric signals of cardiac electrophysiological activities that correspond to different regions of the entire heart, it has thus been denominated as “electrophysiocardiogram” (EPCG). A traditional ECG is always represented by a characteristic wave form, which resembles a string. For a long period of time, ECG has had a lot of mysteries surrounding it, it maybe because ECG has a lot of mixed signals buried in such convolutionary forms, which limits the amount of the signals that are discernable and determinable. For the first time, the EPCG technology has allowed cardiac signals to be convoluted into the linear wave form, which is then processed through various new approaches featuring multiple frequency bands, multiple dimensions and multiple patterns, and consequentially recorded as the following types of signals within the ranges of P wave and T wave: multiple frequency band signals, signals of different regions and different locations, forward waves and negative waves. Therefore, EPCG may help to solve many puzzling scientific questions regarding heart, such as exactly how many electric signals are involved in heart excitation, pacing, conduction and action, as well as many other intriguing questions about heart, and thus would become a very helpful tool in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to study the cluster consensus of Friedkin–Johnsen (F-J) model with one or more stubborn nodes. Firstly, for F-J model with only one stubborn node, by algebra theory and graph theory, we not only establish consensus criterion for F-J model without oblivious agents but also establish some couple-cluster consensus criteria for F-J model with oblivious agents. Secondly, for F-J model with more than one stubborn individual, we present a novel network partition strategy to divide F-J model into many subnetworks, where every stubborn node and its pure-reachable nodes (a special reachable node without stubborn nodes except the starting node appearing in the walk) form a subnetwork, and all oblivious individuals of F-J model also constitute a subnetwork if they exist. By our network partition, some necessary and sufficient cluster consensus criteria are given. In addition, if there exist some oblivious individuals, our main results show that the influence of the initial opinion of stubborn root on the final opinion of non-oblivious individuals is proportional to the stubborn extent of the stubborn root to its initial opinion. Finally, some simulations are provided to illustrate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two distinct diseases but often occur in the same patient. Their relationship remains poorly understood. Studies using Tg2576 AD animal model demonstrate bone deficits, which precede the brain phenotypes by several months, arguing for the independence of bone deficits on brain degeneration and raising a question if the bone deficits contribute to the AD development. To address this question, we investigated the effects of PTH1-34, a peptide of parathyroid hormone analog and a well-recognized effective anabolic therapy drug for patients with osteoporosis, on 5XFAD animal model. Methods: 5XFAD mice, an early onset β-amyloid (Aβ)-based AD mouse model, were treated with PTH1-34 intermittently [once daily injection of hPTH1–34 (50 μg/Kg), 5 days/week, starting at 2-month old (MO) for 2–3 month]. Wild type mice (C57BL/6) were used as control. The bone phenotypes were examined by microCT and evaluated by measuring serum bone formation and resorption markers. The AD relevant brain pathology (e.g., Aβ and glial activation) and behaviors were assessed by a combination of immunohistochemical staining analysis, western blots, and behavior tests. Additionally, systemic and brain inflammation were evaluated by serum cytokine array, real-time PCR (qPCR), and RNAscope. Results: A reduced trabecular, but not cortical, bone mass, accompanied with a decrease in bone formation and an increase in bone resorption, was detected in 5XFAD mice at age of 5/6-month old (MO). Upon PTH1-34 treatments, not only these bone deficits but also Aβ-associated brain pathologies, including Aβ and Aβ deposition levels, dystrophic neurites, glial cell activation, and brain inflammatory cytokines, were all diminished; and the cognitive function was improved. Further studies suggest that PTH1-34 acts on not only osteoblasts in the bone but also astrocytes in the brain, suppressing astrocyte senescence and expression of inflammatory cytokines in 5XFAD mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that PTH1-34 may act as a senolytic-like drug, reducing systemic and brain inflammation and improving cognitive function, and implicate PTH1-34's therapeutic potential for patients with not only osteoporosis but also AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] FK506 is a local drug that is commonly used in the treatment of psoriasis. Its clinical application, however, is limited by its transdermal drug delivery rate, the time-consuming, and the greasy therapy. In this study, which was inspired by local block injection used in the clinical treatment for keloid, a hyaluronic acid (HA) based system to transport FK506 into the skin to treat psoriasis, named blocking patch (BP) was developed. BP has a complete appearance, sufficient puncture strength, and is virtually non-irritating in vivo. By confocal fluorescence microscopy, BP loaded with FK506 (FK506-BP) showed satisfactory transdermal release ability in vivo. Further animal studies revealed that FK506-BP showed a good anti-inflammatory ability in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse psoriasis-like dermatitis and inhibited the activation of associated immune cells. This study indicates that BP as a novel delivery system, realizes an efficient local delivery of FK506 in psoriasis and holds great potential in transdermal delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] FK506 is a local drug that is commonly used in the treatment of psoriasis. Its clinical application, however, is limited by its transdermal drug delivery rate, the time-consuming, and the greasy therapy. In this study, which was inspired by local block injection used in the clinical treatment for keloid, a hyaluronic acid (HA) based system to transport FK506 into the skin to treat psoriasis, named blocking patch (BP) was developed. BP has a complete appearance, sufficient puncture strength, and is virtually non-irritating in vivo. By confocal fluorescence microscopy, BP loaded with FK506 (FK506-BP) showed satisfactory transdermal release ability in vivo. Further animal studies revealed that FK506-BP showed a good anti-inflammatory ability in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse psoriasis-like dermatitis and inhibited the activation of associated immune cells. This study indicates that BP as a novel delivery system, realizes an efficient local delivery of FK506 in psoriasis and holds great potential in transdermal delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The transcription factor E2F1 is upregulated when cerebellar granular neurons (CGNs) undergo apoptosis under potassium deprivation. In this study, we examined the effects of E2F1 upregulation on the survival and death of CGNs isolated from C57 mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Plasmid- and adenovirus-mediated expression of E2F1 dose-dependently induced apoptosis in mouse CGNs but unexpectedly failed to induce apoptosis in rat CGNs. Caspase 3, a marker for neuronal apoptosis, was significantly activated by ectopic E2F1 expression in mouse CGNs but not in rat CGNs. Furthermore, overexpression of E2F1 significantly promoted apoptotic progression in mouse CGNs following potassium deprivation but attenuated apoptosis in rat CGNs, whereas E2F1 lacking DNA binding ability (E2F1-M132) lost its pro-apoptotic role in mouse CGNs and anti-apoptotic role in rat CGNs. Together, our results demonstrated that upregulation of E2F1 by potassium deprivation promotes apoptosis in C57 mouse CGNs but antagonizes apoptosis in SD rat CGNs, suggesting opposing roles for E2F1 in regulating CGN fate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

J. Wei recently proposed a concept of *-modules which is another generalization of *-modules besides *-modules [J. Algebra, 2005, 291: 312-324]. In this paper, we consider the co-*-modules and give some characterizations and properties. It is found that the class of co-*-modules contains co-selfsmall injective cogenerators. The relations between co-*-modules and co-*-modules are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a ring. A right R-module U is called Tor-tilting if [image omitted], where U+ = Hom(U, /), Cogen(U+) is the class of left R-modules cogenerated by U+ and [image omitted] consists of modules RM such that [image omitted]. Some examples and characterizations of Tor-tilting modules are given. Among others, it is shown that UR is Tor-tilting if and only if U+ is cotilting. Moreover, both tilting modules and completely faithful flat modules are proved to be Tor-tilting. The torsion theory induced by a Tor-tilting module is also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we study the global robust stability of neural networks with time varying delays using the Lyapunov functional method and matrix inequality technique. Several sufficient conditions are presented to show the existence of equilibrium and global robust stability of neural networks, which is easy to apply. Then we give a simulation to justify the obtained results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aiming at the particularity of a multiple-stage closed-loop gear transmission system for 3D circular braiding machine, the model of gear transmission system in radial braiding machine was simplified. The non-linear dynamic equations of a n-elements closed-loop gear transmission system with symmetrical structure including static transmission error, the random disturbance of meshing damping and backlash were considered. For convenience of calculation n = 3, the equations were solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta. The dynamic transmission error(DTE) with different backlash, dynamic meshing forces with and without the random disturbance of meshing damping, the amplitude of dynamic transmission error at n = 1000 r/min and b = 2.65 × 10−5 m, root mean square(RMS) of DTE and the mean value of DTE of the first pair of gears were analyzed. The simulation results show that different backlash and the random disturbance of meshing damping have a great influence on the dynamic displacement error and meshing force of the gear pair, and RMS and the mean value of DTE changes at different rotational speeds. The results will provide a reference for realizing the smoothness of the closed-loop gear transmission system with symmetrical structure for 3D braiding machine and have great practical significance for improving the braiding quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trigeminal neuropathic pain is seen as a huge clinical challenge. Although numerous drugs have been developed to treat the condition, some patients have shown intolerance to the drugs and thus continue to suffer. In the present study, a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain was established using incorrectly positioned dental implants, which had various manifestations that were similar to human trigeminal neuropathic pain. Using this model, we investigated the differential regulation of JAK2 and PTEN. Firstly, we examined the expression of JAK2 and PTEN in the medullary dorsal horn. After inhibiting JAK2/PTEN, we evaluated nociception-related behavioral alterations. The rat models were established by replacing the left lower second molar with a mini dental implant. Immunoblot assay and immunofluorescence experiments indicated high expression of JAK2 and PTEN in medullary dorsal horn after the nerve injury, which attained plateau levels on post-operative day (POD) 5–10 and 10–20. Administration of adenovirus-shRNA-JAK2 on POD 1 reduced mechanical allodynia and downstream STAT activation. Meanwhile, the administration of adenovirus-shRNA-PTEN on POD 1 attenuated mechanical allodynia while upregulating AKT. In addition to postoperative JAK2 and PTEN activation, dexmedetomidine treatment (10 mg/kg) also modulated the downstream sensors of these signaling molecules. These data suggest that JAK2 and PTEN are pivotal to the development of trigeminal neuropathic pain, and that JAK2 and PTEN suppression alleviates the neuropathic pain. • The study focus on measuring spontaneous pain in animal models. • A rat model was established using incorrectly positioned dental implants. • Differential regulation of JAK and PTEN was investigated in a rat model. • Molecular biology experiments were carried out after i.p. administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and chemoselective synthesis of sulfoxides through the electrooxidation of sulfides has been well developed. This protocol takes advantage of electricity as the terminal oxidant and of molecular oxygen and water as the oxygen atom sources. A variety of structurally diverse sulfoxide compounds are assembled in moderate to excellent yields. The scaled‐up reactions at 6–20 mmol show the good practicability and application potential of this methodology. A possible free radical mechanism has been proposed to rationalize the reaction procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Treatment responses to biologic agents vary between patients with moderate to severe psoriasis; while some patients achieve total skin clearance (TSC), a proportion of patients may only experience partial improvement. Objective: This study was designed to identify potential predictors for achieving TSC in psoriasis patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors. It also aimed to develop an easy-to-use calculator incorporating these factors by the nomogram to predict TSC response. Methods: A total of 381 patients with psoriasis receiving ixekizumab were included in the development cohort and 229 psoriasis patients who initiated secukinumab treatment were included in the validation cohort. The study endpoint was achieving TSC after 12 weeks of IL-17 inhibitors treatment, defined as the 100% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 100). Multivariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO analysis were performed to identify clinical predictors and blood predictors respectively. Results: The following parameters were identified as predictive factors associated with TSC: previous biologic treatment, joint involvement, genital area affected, early response (PASI 60 at week 4), neutrophil counts and uric acid levels. The nomogram model incorporating these factors achieved good discrimination in the development cohort (AUC, 0.721; 95% CI 0.670–0.773) and validation cohort (AUC, 0.715; 95% CI 0.665–0.760). The calibration curves exhibited a satisfactory fit, indicating the accuracy of the model. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram, highlighting its favorable value for practical application. Web-based online calculator has been developed to enhance the efficiency of clinical applications. Conclusions: This study developed a practical and clinically applicable nomogram model for the prediction of TSC in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. The nomogram model demonstrated robust predictive performance and exhibited significant clinical utility. Trial registration A multi-center clinical study of systemic treatment strategies for psoriasis in Chinese population;ChiCTR2000036186; Registered 31 August 2020; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=58256. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate magnetoelectric (ME) ceramics constituted by (1- x )(80Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -20Bi 0.5 K 0.5 TiO 3 )- x CoFe 2 O 4 [(1- x )BNKT- x CFO] ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 1.0) were synthesized by an powder-in-sol precursor hybrid processing method and their structure, magnetic, ferroelectric, magnetodielectric (MD) and ME properties have been investigated. Results showed that the ceramics consisted of only two chemically separated phases and had homogeneous microstructure. The introduction of CFO into BNKT matrix led to the weakening of ferroelectric and dielectric properties whereas the strengthening magnetic and MD properties. The observation of the MD effect revealed the evidence of the strain-induced ME coupling and the MD value is well scaled with M 2 . A maximum value of ME output of 25.07 mV/cm·Oe was achieved for the 0.7BNKT-0.3CFO composite. The improved ME response together with the linear MD effect makes the ceramics promise for use in magnetic field controllable devices or magneto-electric transducers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a multi-agent system (MAS) with a directed weighted chain graph, this article studies the effect of adding reverse edges on its convergence rate. The introduction of weights leads to our research being more complex and challenging. Firstly, for the case of one reverse edge, there are two completely opposite conclusions about the effect of adding one reverse edge on the convergence rate under certain conditions, which is dependent on whether the end node of the reverse edge is the root node of the chain graph or not. Subsequently, we discuss the relative positions of two reverse edges in three cases and obtain the convergence rate of the whole network is determined by the ranges, the relative positions of these two reverse edges, and the sizes and distribution of weights in the directed weighted graph. Moreover, as the number of reverse edges increases, we overcome the complex relationships among multiple reverse edges and establish similar theories. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate our main theorems. Our results generalise the results from unweighted directed graph to a weighted directed graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A superior organic ternary write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory was achieved by introducing alkynyl π bridges and tert -butyl substituent moieties onto the D-A-D molecular backbone, which enhance the field-induced intramolecular and intermolecular charge transfer (CT) effect, thereby contributing to the formation of the second conducting channel and realizing multilevel data storage. [Display omitted] • A new approach for multilevel storage through C–H···π, C–H···N interactions is reported. • Alkynyl π bridges and tBu groups are confirmed to be the origin of the second conducting channel from the single crystal structure of tBu-TEBT. • The logic gates and information display function based on tBu-TEBT device have been successfully accomplished for the first time. Adjustment of molecular structure can effectively improve the organic memory device behaviors due to the optimization of intra/intermolecular interaction and molecular packing motif. However, the intrinsic mechanism of how intermolecular interaction and molecular packing motif affect the device performance needs to be further explored. Herein, we synthesized four new small molecules (X-TEBT) by introducing the alkynyl π bridges and different substituents (X = H, CN, tBu, OMe) into the backbone of conjugated donor–acceptor molecules, namely, TEBT , CN-TEBT , tBu-TEBT and OMe-TEBT , for solution-processed organic resistive memory. All memory devices displayed nonvolatile write-once-read-many-times (WORM) behaviors with low threshold voltage (V th), high production yield, and good thermal stability. The champion device (tBu-TEBT) exhibits ternary WORM property with the highest ON2/ON1/OFF ratio and the lowest V th1 (1.6 V) and V th2 (2.4 V). More importantly, the single crystal structure of tBu-TEBT was successfully obtained which helped us analyze the origin of the physical mechanism of resistive switching behavior and establish a common structure–property relationship for high performance organic memory. Its excellent properties enable us to perform logic gates and information display functions which offer possibilities as smart sensor in Internet of Things (IoT) application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background and purpose: Hyperintense vessels (HV) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were assumed to be explained by slow antegrade or retrograde leptomeningeal collateral flow related to extracranial or intracranial artery steno-occlusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recanalization after endovascular therapy of symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion on the presence of HV. Methods: Eleven patients with symptomatic ICA occlusion were retrospectively enrolled. Changes in the HV on FLAIR images were examined in affected hemisphere of each patient after successful treatment with endovascular recanalization (angioplasty, n =3; stent-assisted angioplasty, n =8). The relationship between postoperative changes in the HV and Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) scale (I-III) was assessed. Results: After operation, HV of the 11 affected hemispheres were showed to be decreased (n =3) or disappeared (n =8) in treated side. The median interval between pre- and postoperative MRI examinations was 97.0h (range, from 69. to 48.7h). Of the 8 patients with disappeared HV, 7 achieved high TICI grade flow (III) and 1 had relatively low TICI grade flow (IIc) in treated side. However, all the 3 patients with decreased HV were found to be relatively low TICI grade flow (IIc). Conclusion: Our data indicate that endovascular recanalization of ICA occlusion was effective for decreasing HV. Postoperative decrease in HV can be considered as a marker for hemodynamic improvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chinese herbs are a useful resource bank for natural drug development, and have attracted considerable attention to exploit quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). This study was designed to screen QSIs from raw Chinese herb materials. Of the 38 common herbs examined, the ethanol extract of Campsis grandiflora flower had the strongest QSI activity. The C. grandiflora flower ethanol extract (CFEE) was purified by HPD600, and the QSI activities were examined in further detail. CFEE inhibited violacein production of Chromobacterium violaceum 026 in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibit the swarming abilities of Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, CFEE could inhibited biofilm formation and destroyed mature biofilms of E. coli K-12 and P. aeruginosa PAO1. The composition of CFEE was determined by UPLC-MS/MS to distinguish active QSI compounds, and 21 compounds were identified. In addition to gallic acid and caffeic acid, two organic acids, malic acid and succinic acid, were confirmed for the first time to have autoinducer type 1 QSI activities. Therefore, CFEE is a potential QSI that could be used as a novel antimicrobial agent and should be considered for medicinal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Doxorubicin (Dox) is an efficacious antineoplastic drug but is limited used for its cardiotoxicity. Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been indicated to participate in cardiomyopathies, however, its role in Dox-induced cardiac injury is largely unknown. In this study, we firstly aimed to determine the role of HDAC6 in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. Immunoblotting revealed that Dox increased HDAC6 protein level and activity and decreased α-tubulin acetylation level in vitro and vivo. HDAC6 knockout (HDAC6−/−) mice showed obvious anti-Dox cardiotoxicity by conserved cardiac function monitored by echocardiography and the protection was reversed by Nocodazole, one drug lowering α-tubulin acetylation. Further mechanism investigation showed that improvement of mitochondria function and autophagy flux was partially inhibited by Nocodazole and Colchicine which lowers α-tubulin acetylation in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Aiming at transforming this research to clinical application, we then explored the effect of combined utilization of HDAC6 inhibitor and Dox on tumour and cardiac function. Results showed that Tubastatin A, one HDAC6 selective inhibitor, protected against Dox-induced acute cardiomyopathy without influencing the effect of Dox on inhibiting MDA-MB-231 subcutaneous tumour growth. These findings suggest a new treatment for cancer with Dox by combined utilization with HDAC6 selective inhibitors. Highlights • HDAC6 knockout mice show obvious anti- Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity effect by preserving α-tubulin acetylation level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroic properties of La-modified four-layered perovskite BiLaFeCoTiO (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ceramics were investigated, by analyzing the magnetodielectric effect, magneto-polarization response and magnetoelectric conversion. X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of pure Aurivillius ceramics, and Raman spectroscopy revealed the Bi ions displacement and the crystal structure variation. The enhancement of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties was observed in BiLaFeCoTiO after La modification. The evidence for enhanced ME coupling was determined by magnetic field-induced marked variations in the dielectric constant and polarization. A maximum ME coefficient of 1.15 mV/cm·Oe was achieved in BiLaFeCoTiO ceramic, which provides the possible promise for novel magnetoelectric device application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free magnetoelectric (ME) laminated (80Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-20Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)/(Ni0.8Zn0.2)Fe2O4 (BNKT/NZFO) composites are prepared via a modified cofiring processing, combining grain refinement and liquid phase sintering with low sintering aid content. The microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties are investigated by varying the thickness of NZFO layer. The results show that the coexistence of independent BNKT and NZFO phase and the presence of the morphotopic phase boundary in BNKT phase with high piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 131 pC/N are confirmed. Laminated composites have clear and well-bonded interfaces across the two layers, as well as improved ME properties. The maximum ME voltage coefficient ( αE31) of the laminated composite reach 115.1 mV cm−1 Oe−1 with an optimized BNKT/NZFO layer thickness ratio of 1/2. In addition, a zero-biased ME response was observed in BNKT/NZFO laminated composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we designed and synthesized two bipolar host materials, DBTPC1 and DBTPC2 through different linkage ways between carbazole, pyridine and dibenzothiophene. The photophysical properties and thermal properties of these hosts were systematically investigated. Their rigid molecular structures result in high glass transition temperatures, contributing to excellent thermal stability of molecules. Employing DBTPC1 and DBTPC2 as hosts, red phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) with Ir(piq) 2 acac as an emitter display maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 18.8 and 13.2%, respectively. The experimental results reveal that DBTPC1 shows better performance than commercial host 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP), thus, would be a promising host material for practical application in red PHOLEDs and for the future exploration in multi-color PHOLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single-phase Bi 1- x Nd x FeO 3 ( x =0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Their crystal structure and microwave electromagnetic property in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz were investigated. The XRD patterns and Raman spectra showed that structural transition from rhombohedral ( x =0, 0.05, 0.1) to triclinic ( x =0.15) and tetragonal structure ( x =0.20) appeared in the Bi 1- x Nd x FeO 3 . Electromagnetic measurement suggested that both microwave permeability μ′ and magnetic loss tanδ m increased remarkably over 2–18 GHz by doping Nd. Strong dielectric loss peak was observed on the samples of Bi 1- x Nd x FeO 3 ( x =0.15) and Bi 1- x Nd x FeO 3 ( x =0.2). Results show that Nd substitution is an effective way to push BiFeO 3 to become microwave absorbing materials with high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1 We reported the facile regulation of memory behavior of metallopolymers by varying the central metal ions. 2 The inserted Co and Ni ions in the porphyrin moieties of metallopolymers can enhance the intramolecular or intermolecular charge transfer (CT) and back charge transfer (CT) effect. 3 The logic gates and information display function based on NiPt-containing device have been successfully accomplished. To study the influence of metal atoms on the performance of organic polymer memory devices, four new metallopolymers P0, P1, P2 and P3 were designed and synthesized for organic resistive random-access memory (RRAM) applications. Among them, the device based on P1 shows nonvolatile binary write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory behavior, while the devices based on P2 and P3 show vastly different nonvolatile binary Flash-type memory behavior. The charge transfer (CT) effect between the platinum (Pt) ligand and porphyrin moieties of metallopolymers is determined to be the origin of the electrical switching behavior of P1 , which is proved by the electrochemical and DFT calculations. While the reason of the Flash type memory characteristic of P2 and P3 is ascribed to the formation of metal filaments because of the introduction of metal ions (Co and Ni) into the porphyrin ring. It is suggested that the metal ions can form an internal electrode and act as a bridge during the CT process, which contributes to both the CT and back CT, consequently regulating the WORM/Flash conversion. The results indicate the feasibility of modulating the memory behavior of metallopolymers by varying the central metal ions, manifesting the significance of metal complexes in the application of organic memory devices and will attract wide research interest of scientists. The as-fabricated device based on P3 was also successfully applied to memory logic gates and display function, which offers great application prospect as smart sensor in artificial intelligence (AI) network. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat perception enables acute avoidance responses to prevent tissue damage and maintain body thermal homeostasis. Unlike other modalities, how heat signals are processed in the spinal cord remains unclear. By single-cell gene profiling, we identified ErbB4, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase, as a novel marker of heat-sensitive spinal neurons in mice. Ablating spinal ErbB4+ neurons attenuates heat sensation. These neurons receive monosynaptic inputs from TRPV1+ nociceptors and form excitatory synapses onto target neurons. Activation of ErbB4+ neurons enhances the heat response, while inhibition reduces the heat response. We showed that heat sensation is regulated by NRG1, an activator of ErbB4, and it involves dynamic activity of the tyrosine kinase that promotes glutamatergic transmission. Evidence indicates that the NRG1-ErbB4 signaling is also engaged in hypersensitivity of pathological pain. Together, these results identify a spinal neuron connection consisting of ErbB4+ neurons for heat sensation and reveal a regulatory mechanism by the NRG1-ErbB4 signaling. [Display omitted] • Spinal ErbB4+ neurons are activated by heat and synapsed by TRPV1+ nociceptors • Heat sensation is reduced by ErbB4+ neuron ablation or inhibition • Augmented effect on heat sensation by inhibiting ErbB4+, SST+, and CCK+ neurons together • NRG1-ErbB4 signaling promotes heat sensation and hypersensitivity How heat signals are processed in the spinal cord remains unclear. Wang et al. found that ErbB4+ excitatory interneurons are activated by noxious heat, and they participate in heat sensation in mice. In addition, the neuregulin-ErbB4 signaling regulates heat sensation and contributes to heat hypersensitivity under pathological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-energy would become an important energy supply in the future, but the inherent defects of biomass limit its energy utilization. Torrefaction could improve the energy performance for biomass, and oxidative torrefaction is more practical to reduce the energy consumption and improve the efficiency. In present work, the properties, kinetics and pyrolytic products distribution of oxidative torrefied camellia shell (CS) have been investigated with the oxygen concentration of 0–8% in torrefaction atmosphere. The results show that oxidative torrefaction would alter the cellulose crystals from I α to I β of CS and improve their hydrophobicity, and their surface functional groups have also undergone major changes. Based on the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and Distributed Activation Energy Model, torrefaction causes the pyrolysis activation energy to increase first and then decrease. According to the evaluated by Criado method, order of reaction and random nucleation have been identified as the most likely mechanism for thermal degradation of torrefied CS. In addition, Oxidative torrefaction would improve the phenols compounds in pyrolytic products. The present work may provide a reference for the energy utilization of CS. [Display omitted] • Oxidative torrefaction transform the cellulose crystals of CS from I α to I β. • The surface flakes and pores structures increase the reaction activity of pyrolysis. • The most likely mechanism of CS pyrolysis is Fn and An. • Oxidative torrefaction increases the content of phenols in CS pyrolytic bio-oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]