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[Display omitted] • A new biochar-based magnesium oxide composite (MTBC) was firstly prepared. • TDF adsorption was well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. • Chemical adsorption process was dominant in TDF adsorption over MTBC. • Simultaneous removals of TDF and DIN has been achieved by MTBC. • A reaction mechanism of TDF and DIN adsorption by MTBC was proposed. In recent years, the ecological security has been seriously threatened by the residues of pesticides in the environment. In this study, a new biochar-based magnesium oxide composite (MTBC) was successfully prepared using Traditional Chinese Medicine residues and MgCl 2 solution, and then applied for the removal of triadimefon (TDF) and/or dinotefuran (DIN) in water. Batch experiments results indicated that 86.42 and 87.86 % of TDF and DIN removals could be obtained by MTBC within 120 min, respectively. The TDF adsorption process was proved to be well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic, Elovich, liquid film diffusion, Intra-particle diffusion and Langmuir isothermal models. The TDF adsorption by MTBC was a spontaneous endothermic reaction, and chemical adsorption process was dominant. The inhibitory of the coexisting anions on TDF removal followed the order of SO 4 2−＜Cl−＜HPO 4 3−＜HCO 3 –. Both TDF and DIN could be simultaneously removed by MTBC at the certain concentrations levels. The possible removal mechanism for the adsorption of TDF and DIN by MTBC was proposed, both TDF and DIN were rapidly distributed and adsorbed on MTBC surface, then diffused into the interior pores structure and were finally adsorbed on MTBC through various reaction processes. The TDF removal process might be involved with hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, pore filling and electrostatic interaction, while DIN removal might be involved with hydrogen bonding, pore filling and electrostatic interaction. These findings suggested that biochar-based magnesium oxide composite was an effective adsorbent for the remediation of agricultural effluents containing TDF and DIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Oxalic acid (OA) maintain a high dissolved Fe2+ in the PC-ZVI/PMS process. • Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) greatly improve atrazine (AE) removal. • The contribution order of reactive species followed as HO• > SO 4 •- greater than1O 2 > O 2 •−. • The possible degradation pathways of AE by PC-ZVI/PMS/OA process proposed. • Enhanced mechanism of Cr6+ and AE removal by PC-ZVI/PMS/OA process was proposed. Nowadays, clean-up of heavy metals and pesticides from environment has received great attention. A green biochar iron composite (PC-ZVI) was successfully synthesized using pomelo peel residues and FeCl 3 solution. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was introduced into the PC-ZVI system for Cr(VI) and atrazine (AE) removal, and results showed that PMS greatly promoted Cr(VI) and AE removal. The presence of oxalic acid (OA) could maintain a relatively high dissolved Fe2+ species for Cr(VI) reduction and AE oxidation in the PC-ZVI/PMS process. The contribution order of reactive oxygen species followed as HO• > SO 4 •- greater than1O 2 > O 2 •− in both Cr(VI) and AE removal by PC-ZVI/PMS/OA process. A total of six intermediates products of AE degradation were detected, and AE molecular was effectively degraded into CO 2 , H 2 O, inorganic N and Cl through hydroxylation, substitution and de-alkylation processes. The underlying mechanism of Cr(VI) and AE removal by PC-ZVI/PMS/OA process was also proposed. Most Cr(VI) species were transformed into Cr 2 O 3 and Cr(OH) 3 through reduction and precipitation processes. PC-ZVI has a relatively high recyclability toward both Cr(VI) and AE removal from solutions. The potential toxicity of PC-ZVI solution was small at three PC-ZVI dosages levels, and the corresponding toxicity of AE reaction solution by PC-ZVI/PMS/OA process decreased as reaction time increased. The order of both Cr(VI) and AE removal in different water systems was tap water > river water > lake water > wastewater, and this PC-ZVI/PMS/OA process exhibited the better adaptability in application for several actual water environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the residual heavy metals and antibiotics in water and soil have a potential threat to human being health, thereby their purification is of great importance. In this study, the application of Cr6+ and chlortetracycline (CTC) removal using a new fruit peel based biochar composite (FPBC) had been explored. Batch experiments results showed that FPBC presented excellent removal performance on Cr6+ and CTC, and the simultaneous removal efficiencies of Cr6+ and CTC were 97% and 81% within 180 min, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cr6+ by FPBC could be well described by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, and its adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. The inhibitory of the coexisting anions on Cr6+ removal of followed the order of HPO 4 3-> HCO 3 -> SO 4 2->NO 3 -> Cl-. The simultaneous removal of Cr6+ and CTC by FPBC had been achieved at low CTC content levels. The presence of NaCl showed a significant inhibitory on Cr6+ removal but a positive effect on CTC removal at low content level. A potential reaction mechanism of both Cr6+ and CTC removal over FPBC was proposed on the basic of the comprehensive characterizations and adsorption performance. Both reduction and surface precipitation reactions might be dominant in Cr6+ removal process, whereas both complexation and hydrogen bond interaction might be mainly responsible for CTC removal. These findings suggested that this fruit peel based biochar composite might be a promising material for the remediation of Cr6+ and CTC-contaminated wastewater. [Display omitted] • A new fruit peel based biochar composite (FPBC) was firstly synthesized. • Cr6+ adsorption was well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. • NaCl showed an inhibitory on Cr6+ removal but a positive effect on CTC removal. • FPBC presented a high simultaneous removal of Cr6+ and CTC. • A potential mechanism for Cr6+ and CTC removal over FPBC was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paracoccus marginatus papaya mealybugs cause considerable threats and challenges to cassava production and processing. The deployment of resistant cultivars offers effective, economical and eco-friendly management strategies for pest management. We measured P. marginatus mortality, development and reproduction to evaluate the resistance of fifteen cassava cultivars and conducted physiological and biochemical analyses when P. marginatus was fed on two resistant cultivars (Myanmar and C1115) and three susceptible cultivars (BRA900, Bread, SC205). Significantly lower digestive (amylase, sucrase, lipase), detoxification (glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase) and antioxidant activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), enzyme activities were observed in P. marginatus feeding on resistant cultivars compared to susceptible cultivars. For resistant cultivars, a significant reduction was found in nutritional components containing free amino acids, nitrogen, soluble sugars and the secondary metabolite malondialdehyde. Additionally, significantly higher enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT, POD and PPO) levels and secondary metabolite quantities (total phenol and tannins) were found in resistant cultivars induced by P. marginatus compared with susceptible ones. Additionally, RT-qPCR tests showed that the transcripts of ten genes involved in nutrition, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities were consistent with physiology changes. Thus, the resistant cultivars suffered lower P. marginatus damage by elevating secondary metabolite contents and antioxidant activities, reducing plant nutrition levels and decreasing insect enzymatic activities. This study will be beneficial in developing indices for standard regulation to evaluate P. marginatus-resistant cassavas and effectively manage this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Nowadays, the harm of antibiotics residues in environments to human health and ecological safety has been causing more and more attention. In this paper, a biochar based iron material (MBC) was used to activate persulfate (PS) for the removal of sulfadiazine (SDZ) from aqueous solution. Experiment results indicate that the degradation and mineralization of SDZ by MBC/PS system reached 91.79% and 60% within 60 min under the optimal reaction conditions, respectively. MBC/PS system exhibited a better performance on SDZ removal compared with MBC/H 2 O 2 system. The addition of Cu2+ ion could enhance the degradation of SDZ by MBC/PS system. PO 4 3-, Cl- and SO 4 2- had a certain degree of inhibitory effect on the SDZ degradation. Both radicals and non-radical species such as SO 4 •-, •OH and 1O 2 participated in the degradation reaction of SDZ by MBC/PS system, but •OH was the main radical species responsible for SDZ degradation. The liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) technique was used to identify the intermediate products of SDZ, and it was proposed that the degradation of SDZ might be achieved through hydrolyzation, hydroxylation, deamination and amino-oxidization processes. A possible reaction mechanism involving a synergistic effect between PS homogeneous and heterogeneous activation processes as well as both radicals and non-radicals reactions was finally proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current years, the harm of pesticide residual pollution to environmental ecology and human health has obtained increasing attention. Hydroxylamine (HA) promoted activation of persulfate (PS) by the natural metallic sulfide mineral chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) for the removal of pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and imidacloprid (IMP) in water had been systematically investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that HA could greatly accelerate the regeneration of Cu2+ and Fe3+ in solutions for PS decomposition. Nearly 99% of CPF removal by CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process was achieved within 80 min under optimal conditions. The decomposition of PS in the CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process was higher than that in the CuFeS 2 /PS process. Several coexisting cations (ie., Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+) and anions (ie., HCO 3 − and HPO 4 2−) presented different levels of negative effects on CPF removal. Both HO• and SO 4 •− were generated in the CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process, and HO• might be the main reactive species responsible for the removal of CPF. The synchronized removal of CPF and IMP by CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process had been successfully achieved under certain conditions. The possible pathways of CPF degradation and enhanced mechanism for both CPF and IMP removal by CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process were thereby proposed. This study highlights the applications of CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process for the remediation of multiple pesticides-polluted wastewaters. [Display omitted] • HA accelerated the regeneration of Cu2+ and Fe3+ for PS decomposition. • HO.• might be the main reactive species responsible for the removal of CPF. • Two possible degradation pathways of CPF by CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process proposed. • About 90% of both CPF and IMP removal by CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process was achieved. • Enhanced mechanism of CPF and IMP removal by CuFeS 2 /PS/HA process was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a large number of agricultural wastes have been extensively converted into biochar based materials, these biochar materials have been popularly employed in the removal of various pollutants from environment. Herein, a novel pigeon waste based biochar composite (FeBC) was firstly synthesized and applied for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption in water. The most relevant findings showed that FeBC exhibited a superior performance on Cr(VI) and PNP adsorption compared with pristine biochar. The Cr(VI) monolayer adsorption onto FeBC might be dominant, and Cr(VI) adsorption by FeBC was an endothermic process. Both Cr(VI) and PNP adsorption behavior were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Elovich, intra-particle diffusion (IPD), liquid film diffusion kinetic (LFD) and chemical reaction models. Both the pathway of PNP degradation and mechanism for Cr(VI) and PNP adsorption over FeBC were proposed. Almost half of Cr(VI) was reduced into Cr 2 O 3 and Cr(OH) 3 , both reduction and precipitation reactions might be dominant in Cr(VI) adsorption. O 2 •−, 1 O 2 and •OH were involved in PNP removal reaction, but the contribution of •OH was small. The oxidation, π-π interaction and hydrogen bonds interactions might be involved in this PNP removal process, and PNP was oxidized to form several intermediates via hydroxylation and ring cleavage reactions. This study could provide a novel treatment strategy for the simultaneous decontamination of effluents combined with heavy metals and organic compounds in realistic remediation application. [Display omitted] • A novel pigeon waste based biochar composite (FeBC) was firstly synthesized. • Almost half of Cr(VI) species were reduced into Cr 2 O 3 and Cr(OH) 3. • O 2 •−, 1 O 2 and •OH were involved in p-nitrophenol removal reaction. • Both Cr(VI) and p-nitrophenol removal were successfully achieved by FeBC. • A mechanism for the removal of Cr(VI) and p-nitrophenol was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]