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The aim Methods Results Conclusion To explore and describe workplace stress levels and health‐promoting behaviours reported by emergency nurses in China, and to investigate factors associated with workplace stress and health‐promoting lifestyle behaviours among emergency nurses.A cross‐sectional study was conducted between October 2019 and January 2020. Nurses (n = 1565) were recruited from the emergency departments of 54 hospitals within the Sichuan Province of West China. Each subject completed the Chinese versions of the Nurse Workplace Stress Scale, the Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP‐II) and demographic questions. Linear regression analyses were used to identify associations between workplace stress and the health‐promoting lifestyle and risk factors correlated with these two measurements.Workplace stress was negatively associated with health‐promoting behaviours. Linear regression analysis showed that gender, marital status, whether wages met expected standards and professional rank were found to be associated with health promotion behaviours; marital status, whether income met expected standards, the number of night shifts per month and health promotion behaviours were found to be associated with workplace stress.Higher levels of workplace stress are associated with lower levels of engagement in health‐promoting behaviours, suggesting the potential for reducing workplace stress through the adoption of healthier habits. Policies should prioritize workplace stress by promoting healthy lifestyle initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. Abnormal phagocytosis by the microglia is one of the main causes of synapse loss in AD. Previous studies have shown that the absence of melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activity is increased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, but the role of AIM2 in AD remains unclear. Methods: Injection of Aβ1‐42 into the bilateral hippocampal CA1 was used to mimic an AD mouse model (AD mice). C57BL/6 mice injected with AIM2 overexpression lentivirus and conditional knockout of microglial AIM2 mice were used to confirm the function of AIM2 in AD. Cognitive functions were assessed with novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The protein and mRNA expression levels were evaluated by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and qRT‐PCR. Synaptic structure and function were detected by Golgi staining and electrophysiology. Results: The expression level of AIM2 was increased in AD mice, and overexpression of AIM2 induced synaptic and cognitive impairments in C57BL/6 mice, similar to AD mice. Elevated expression levels of AIM2 occurred in microglia in AD mice. Conditional knockout of microglial AIM2 rescued cognitive and synaptic dysfunction in AD mice. Excessive microglial phagocytosis activity of synapses was decreased after knockout of microglial AIM2, which was associated with inhibiting complement activation. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that microglial AIM2 plays a critical role in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory deficits associated with AD, providing a new direction for developing novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has made assessing vaccine efficacy more challenging. Besides neutralizing antibody assays, systems vaccinology studies use omics technology to reveal immune response mechanisms and identify gene signatures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, due to their low proportion in PBMCs, profiling the immune response signatures of dendritic cells (DCs) is difficult. Here, we develop a predictive model for evaluating early immune responses in dendritic cells. We establish a THP-1-derived dendritic cell (TDDC) model and stimulate their maturation in vitro with an optimal dose of attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF-17D). Transcriptomic analysis reveals that type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced immunity plays a key role in dendritic cells. IFN-I regulatory biomarkers (IRF7, SIGLEC1) and IFN-I-inducible biomarkers (IFI27, IFI44, IFIT1, IFIT3, ISG15, MX1, OAS2, OAS3) are identified and validated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we apply this TDDC approach to various types of vaccines, providing novel insights into their early immune response signatures and their heterogeneity in vaccine recipients. Our findings suggest that a standardizable TDDC model is a promising predictive approach to assessing early immunity in DCs. Further research into vaccine efficacy assessment approaches on various types of immune cells could lead to a systemic regimen for vaccine development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synergistic catalytic effects and metal node modulation are pivotal to the performance of multifunctional catalysts.We present a versatile strategy for constructing bimetallic M1M2 cluster catalysts (polyoxometalates (POMs)/Zr‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Zr‐MOF); M1 = Zr; M2 = W, V, Mo) by a microwave‐assisted in‐situ precoordination‐postmodification approach, which consisted of the grafting of POM single clusters onto Zr–O clusters of hierarchical porous composites (defective Zr‐MOF (HUiO‐66x)) and the modulation of metal nodes in Zr‐MOF. Hierarchical porosity and double active centers in the POMs/Zr‐MOF result in greater accessibility to catalytic sites and adjustable acid–base properties, thus providing opportunities for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass‐derived aldehydes/ketones. The synergistic acid–base couple sites (W6+–O2−–Zr4+) not only bridge hydrogen donors into the reaction system but also promote the dissociation of α‐C(sp3)‐H from isopropanol and subsequent hydrogen transfer to the activated carbonyl in furfural. Enhanced substrate adsorption and decreased activation barrier of the rate‐determining step are keys for the direct hydrogen transfer from carbonyl compounds to near‐quantitative corresponding alcohols via an eight‐membered‐ring transition state to achieving unprecedented low‐temperature catalytic performance over bimetallic Zr–W clusters. The proposed general method of bimetallic cluster catalysts reveals the roles of accessible metal modulation and synergistic catalytic centers toward specific catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The olympicenyl radical (OR) has long been a fascinating spin doublet hydrocarbon radical that evoked theoretical and experimental research interests, but the chemistry of olympicenyl was limited by its inherent instability. Recently, this field was revived by the advent of stable, multi‐substituted ORs and the isolation of them in the crystalline phase. In this minireview, we summarize the early studies on the pristine OR, as well as the recent advances on the substituted OR derivatives, heteroatom‐containing OR derivatives, and OR‐based diradicals and polyradicals. The synthetic chemistry, stabilization strategies, self‐association behaviors, reactivities, and applications in the biological field of the abovementioned compounds were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study estimated the contribution of three innovation entities – enterprises, universities, and research institutes – to regional innovation performance and investigated the impact of several exogenous environmental variables on regional innovation efficiency. Stochastic frontier models were employed, and the sample consisted of panel data from 30 provinces and municipalities in China between 2010 and 2021. The results demonstrated that the three innovation entities contributed to regional innovation performance; however, the elastic coefficients of universities and enterprises were higher than those of research institutes, suggesting that China did not shift from a research institute- to enterprise-centered innovation system. The impact of several exogenous environmental variables, such as regional openness, government support, and information infrastructure, on innovation performance varied across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcuminoids are functional food additives, and the effect on gonadal hormone biosynthesis remains unclear. Gonads contain 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms, h3β-HSD2 (humans) and r3β-HSD1 (rats), which catalyse pregnenolone into progesterone. The potency and mechanisms of curcuminoids to inhibit 3β-HSD activity were explored. The inhibitory potency was bisdemethoxycurcumin (IC50, 1.68 µM) >demethoxycurcumin (3.27 µM) > curcumin (13.87 µM) > tetrahydrocurcumin (109.0 µM) > dihydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcumin on KGN cell h3β-HSD2, while that was bisdemethoxycurcumin (1.22 µM) >demethoxycurcumin (2.18 µM) > curcumin (4.12 µM) > tetrahydrocurcumin (102.61 µM) > dihydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcumin on testicular r3β-HSD1. All curcuminoids inhibited progesterone secretion by KGN cells under basal and forskolin-stimulated conditions at >10 µM. Docking analysis showed that curcuminoids bind steroid-active site with mixed or competitive mode. In conclusion, curcuminoids inhibit gonadal 3β-HSD activity and de-methoxylation of curcumin increases inhibitory potency and metabolism of curcumin by saturation of carbon chain losses inhibitory potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic valorization and selective transformation of biomass‐derived platform compounds offer great opportunities for efficient utilization of renewable resources under mild conditions. Here, the novel three‐dimensional hierarchical flower‐like CdS/Ti3C2 Schottky junction (MCdS) composed of surface‐controlled CdS and pretreated Ti3C2 MXene is created for photocatalytic dehydrogenation‐reductive amination of biomass‐derived amino acid production under ambient temperature with unprecedented activity and selectivity. Schottky junction efficiently promotes photoexcited charge migration and separation and inhibits photogenerated electron‐hole recombination, which results in a super‐high activity. Meanwhile, CdS with the reduced surface energy supplies sufficient hydrogen sources for imine reduction and induces the preferential orientation of alanine, thus contributing superior selectivity. Moreover, a wide range of hydroxyl acids are successfully converted into corresponding amino acids and even one‐pot conversion of glucose to alanine is easily achieved over MCdS. This work illustrates the mechanism of crystal orientation control and heterojunction construction in controlling catalytic behavior of photocatalytic nanoreactor, providing a paradigm for construction of MXene‐based heterostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic valorization and selective transformation of biomass‐derived platform compounds offer great opportunities for efficient utilization of renewable resources under mild conditions. Here, the novel three‐dimensional hierarchical flower‐like CdS/Ti3C2 Schottky junction (MCdS) composed of surface‐controlled CdS and pretreated Ti3C2 MXene is created for photocatalytic dehydrogenation‐reductive amination of biomass‐derived amino acid production under ambient temperature with unprecedented activity and selectivity. Schottky junction efficiently promotes photoexcited charge migration and separation and inhibits photogenerated electron‐hole recombination, which results in a super‐high activity. Meanwhile, CdS with the reduced surface energy supplies sufficient hydrogen sources for imine reduction and induces the preferential orientation of alanine, thus contributing superior selectivity. Moreover, a wide range of hydroxyl acids are successfully converted into corresponding amino acids and even one‐pot conversion of glucose to alanine is easily achieved over MCdS. This work illustrates the mechanism of crystal orientation control and heterojunction construction in controlling catalytic behavior of photocatalytic nanoreactor, providing a paradigm for construction of MXene‐based heterostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 28%–57% of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) have an acute vertigo attack and probable vestibular dysfunction; however, the prognosis of vestibular function in these patients remains unclear. Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with ISSNHL and vertigo was conducted to evaluate the prognosis of vestibular function, especially the roles of peripheral vestibular restoration and central compensation, in patients with ISSNHL and vertigo. Clinical data were recorded at baseline and at 60 days from onset in participants with unilateral ISSNHL with vertigo. Enrolment occurred from May 1, 2019 to May 1, 2022 in the outpatient clinics and inpatient departments of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. The primary outcome measure was the recovery rate of vestibular function 60 days after onset as assessed by vestibular function tests, including caloric tests, cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential tests (cVEMP, oVEMP), video head impulse tests (vHIT), and sensory organization tests (SOT). The secondary outcome measure was the recovery of subjective evaluations in vestibular dysfunction (the dizziness handicap inventory [DHI], and the visual analogue scale for vertigo [VAS-V]) and hearing assessments (pure-tone audiometry [PTA]). Results: Overall, 86 patients were recruited, with an average duration of disease of 11.7 days and follow-up time of 60.7 days. Vestibular function was significantly improved (p < 0.05) after 60 days. The recovery rates were 100% for anterior semicircular canal (ASC), 56% for posterior semicircular canal (PSC), 41% for horizontal semicircular canal (HSC), 28% for saccule, and 23% for utricle. The recovery of vestibular function was not significantly related to changes in DHI (p = 0.245), VAS-V score (p = 0.509), or hearing outcome (p = 0.390). Conclusions: Restoration of peripheral vestibular sensory input and central vestibular compensation can occur during the course of ISSNHL with vertigo. The otolith organs are at a higher risk of being affected and have worse recovery than the semicircular canals. Incomplete and in-process restoration of vestibular dysfunction may perturb and delay the establishment of central compensation for balance. Neither hearing outcomes nor subjective vestibular symptoms are related to recovery from vestibular dysfunction. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03951584). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the added value of a radiomic strategy based on quantitative transverse relaxation (T2) mapping and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the histologic grade of bladder cancer (BCa) preoperatively. Patients who were suspected of BCa underwent pelvic MRI (including T2 mapping and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before any treatment. All patients with histological-proved urothelial BCa were included. We constructed different prediction models using the mean signal values and radiomic features from both T2 mapping and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. The diagnostic performance of each model or parameter was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. In total, 92 patients were finally included (training cohort, n = 64; testing cohort, n = 28); among these, 71 had high-grade BCa. In the testing cohort, the T2-mapping radiomic model achieved the highest prediction performance (area under the curve (AUC), 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73–1.0) compared with the ADC radiomic model (AUC, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.56–0.97), and the joint radiomic model of 0.78 (95%CI, 0.61–0.96). Our results demonstrated that radiomic mapping could provide more information than direct evaluation of T2 and ADC values in differentiating histological grades of BCa. Additionally, among the radiomic models, the T2-mapping radiomic model outperformed the ADC and joint radiomic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Longitudinal serology studies can assist in analyzing the kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, helping to inform public health decision making. Our study aims to characterize circulating antibody trends over 18 months in vaccinated participants with and without evidence of COVID-19 infection. Methods A cohort of health care workers employed at Boston Medical Center was followed to collect serum samples and survey data over 6 time points from July 2020 through December 2021 (N = 527). History of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and booster status were confirmed, where possible, through electronic medical records. Serum was assessed for the qualitative and semiquantitative detection of IgG antibody levels (anti-nucleoprotein [anti-N] and anti-spike [anti-S], respectively). Piecewise regression models were utilized to characterize antibody kinetics over time. Results Anti-S IgG titers remained above the positivity threshold following infection and/or vaccination throughout the 18-month follow-up. Among participants with no evidence of COVID-19 infection, titers declined significantly faster in the initial 90 days after full vaccination (β = −0.056) from December 2020 to March 2021 as compared with the decline observed following booster dose uptake (β = −0.023, P < 0.001). Additionally, COVID-19 infection prior to vaccination significantly attenuated the decline of anti-S IgG when compared with no infection following vaccine uptake (P < 0.001). Lastly, fewer participants contracted Omicron when boosted (12.7%) compared to fully vaccinated (17.6%). Regardless of vaccination status, participants who were Omicron positive had lower anti-S IgG titers than those who did not test positive, but this difference was not significant. Conclusions These findings provide novel 18-month kinetics of anti-S IgG antibodies and highlight the durability of hybrid immunity, underlining the strong humoral response stimulated by combined infection and vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pattern separation (PS) dysfunction is a type of cognitive impairment that presents early during the aging process, and this deficit has been attributed to structural and functional alterations in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an essential component of the inflammasome. However, whether AIM2 plays a role in aging‐associated cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we found that PS function was impaired in aging mice and was accompanied by marked synaptic loss and increased expression of AIM2 in the DG. Subsequently, we used an AIM2 overexpression virus and mice with AIM2 deletion to investigate the role of AIM2 in regulating PS function and synaptic plasticity and the mechanisms involved. Our study revealed that AIM2 regulates microglial activation during synaptic pruning in the DG region via the complement pathway, leading to impaired synaptic plasticity and PS function in aging mice. These results suggest a critical role for AIM2 in regulating synaptic plasticity and PS function and provide a new direction for ameliorating aging‐associated cognitive dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auricularia cornea is a widely prized basidiomycetous mushroom with culinary and medicine value, which is cultivated artificially on a large scale in China. However, little attention has been paid to the differences in metabolic profiles under different pH growth conditions. In the present study, weakly acidic and weakly alkaline artificial substrates were developed and used for the cultivation of A. cornea, and the metabolic profiles of its fruiting bodies were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results show that the weakly alkaline substrate environment promoted mycelial growth, increased body surface area, and improved yield and transformation efficiency, but attenuated metabolite accumulation by A. cornea. A total of 412 different metabolites were identified in negative and positive ion mode, of which 99 had significantly different amounts and covered 51 metabolic pathways. Principal component analysis and orthogonal patrial least squares discriminant analysis showed clear separation between two treatments, indicating different metabolic profiles. The different metabolites mainly included seven chemical categories, including amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, phenolic acids, organic acids, lipids, flavonoids and alkaloids. This study revealed the biological significance of these metabolites, which could be useful for further unexplored compounds and possible biological functions of A. cornea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to establish appropriate review criteria for blood cell analysis in a specialized women's and children's hospital. Also, the CellaVision DI-60, was developed as one of the automated digital cell morphology analyzer, we evaluated if it was shown to be most effective under the certain review criteria. Methods A total of 2890 blood samples were detected to optimize the previously established review criteria for women and children with the Sysmex XE-2100. A total of 623 samples were used to validate the criteria. Results The microscopic-review rate based on the initial review criteria was 51.0%. After optimization, it was reduced to 17.3% and the false-negative rate was 3.85%. There was > 80% consistency between manual review results and CellaVision DI-60 preclassification when samples triggered the platelet- or red cell-related rules. The sensitivity for abnormalities (immature granulocytes, nucleated red blood cells) of reclassification was 90% to 100% and the false-negative rate was < 5%. However, direct microscopic review was required when the "Blasts/AbnLympho?" and "Atypical Lympho?" flags were triggered. Conclusion Specialized review criteria are needed for women and children. An automated morphology identification system might help to improve the review criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of economic globalization, urban agglomerations have become growth poles and core areas of economic development. By building knowledge innovation networks in urban agglomerations, we can effectively improve the strength of inter-city knowledge innovation links and better realize the integrated and synergistic development of the region. This study selected core cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as the study area, constructed the knowledge innovation network based on inter-city dissertation cooperation data from 2010 to 2020, and analyzed the characteristics and evolution of its knowledge network by combining social network analysis and geospatial analysis. The research results show that: (1) with changes in policies and investment in scientific research and innovation, intra-regional thesis cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has been increasing and the scale of the knowledge innovation cooperation network is growing; (2) in addition to the core cities radiating innovation resources outward to drive the development of other node cities, other cities are continuously improving their own innovation capabilities, taking the initiative to strengthen knowledge innovation cooperation with core cities and enhancing their own position in the network; (3) there are no longer isolated cities within the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and a multi-core knowledge network structure centered on Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Suzhou has initially formed, but the network is still spatially heterogeneous; (4) there are still problems within the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration such as uneven development of knowledge innovation and low participation of peripheral cities, which need to be addressed jointly by all regions. The article concludes with some suggestions for countermeasures to provide a reference for the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration to continuously strengthen intra-regional knowledge cooperation in the future, enhance regional competitiveness, and ultimately achieve synergistic development among cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryogels with interconnected channels allow high flow‐through properties and mass transfer when dealing with complex mixtures such as non‐clarified crude extracts. However, their mechanical strength can be challenged due to a large void volume inside the polymeric network. We have addressed this problem by forming a double‐layer cryogel applied as a dye‐affinity chromatography gel. In this study, poly(acrylamide‐co‐allyl glycidyl ether) cryogel was prepared at sub‐zero temperature. The second layer was then prepared inside the primary cryogel under the same conditions to form a double‐layer network. Cibacron Blue F3GA, a dye molecule, was immobilized on the surface of the cryogels. Bovine serum albumin was used as a model molecule to study the adsorption/elution procedure in batch and continuous modes. The maximum batch binding capacity and the dynamic binding capacity for the single‐layer cryogel were 18 and 0.11, and for the double‐layer cryogel were 7.5 and 0.9 mg/g of gel, respectively. However, the mechanical stability of the double‐layer cryogel increased 7‐fold (144 kPa). It was found that the kinetic and adsorption isotherms follow pseudo‐second‐order and Freundlich models, respectively. The regeneration of the columns after adsorption/elution cycles was evaluated, and no significant loss of capacity was observed after 10 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using rolling circle amplification (RCA) and two different ways of signal readout, we developed analytical methods to detect the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein). We modified streptavidin-coated magnetic beads with an aptamer of RBD through a biotin-tagged complementary DNA strand (biotin-cDNA). Binding of RBD caused the aptamer to dissociate from the biotin-cDNA, making the cDNA available to initiate RCA on the magnetic beads. Detection of RBD was achieved using a dual signal output. For fluorescence signaling, the RCA products were mixed with a dsDNA probe labeled with fluorophore and quencher. Hybridization of the RCA products caused the dsDNA to separate and to emit fluorescence (λex = 488 nm, λem = 520 nm). To generate easily detectable UV–vis absorbance signal, the RCA amplification was extended to produce DNA flower to encapsulate horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The HRP-encapsulated DNA flower catalyzed a colorimetric reaction between H2O2 and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate an optical signal (λabs = 450 nm). The fluorescence and colorimetric assays for RBD have low detection limits (0.11 pg mL−1 and 0.904 pg mL−1) and a wide linear range (0.001–100 ng mL−1). For detection of RBD in human saliva, the recovery was 93.0–100% for the fluorescence assay and 87.2–107% for the colorimetric assay. By combining fluorescence and colorimetric detection with RCA, detection of the target RBD in human saliva was achieved with high sensitivity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HFOs are currently being adopted for adsorption refrigeration applications due to their zero ozone depletion potential and paltry global warming potential. In this study, a constant volume variable pressure (CVVP) system is designed and built to experimentally investigate the adsorption characteristics of HFO-1234ze(E) onto Maxsorb III. Experiments were performed to obtain refrigerant uptakes at adsorption temperatures of 30, 40, and 50°C at variable refrigerant pressures. The maximum experimental adsorption uptake is 1.73 kg·kg–1 at 0.607 relative pressure. The uptake starts to increase sharply from 0.01 relative pressure and slows down at 0.2 relative pressure. The experimental adsorption isotherm data were correlated with Tóth and Dubinin-Astakhov (D–A) adsorption isotherm models. Uptake difference based on Tóth and D–A adsorption model at possible working temperature has been simulated. Isosteric heats of adsorption were determined from Clausius–Clapeyron relation, and their dependence on uptake was also analyzed and reported. Additionally, the specific cooling effects and coefficient of performance are investigated. These findings are crucial for the system performance assessment of a practical adsorption refrigeration system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) is one of the severe complications in patients receiving neurosurgical procedures. Recent studies have found microbe-related glycans play important roles in adhesion, invasion, and toxicity toward innate immunological reactions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the glycomic profile and its potential diagnostic efficacy in post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) patients with hemorrhagic stroke. A total of 136 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were recruited and divided into a PNBM group and a non-PNBM group based on the clinical diagnostic criteria. A lectin biochip-based method was established for the detection of glycans in CSF. The clinicopathological data and biochemical parameters in CSF from all patients were analyzed. Two models for multivariate analysis investigating glycan changes in the CSF were conducted, aiming at determining the specific expression and diagnostic efficacy of lectin-probing glycans (LPGs) for PNBM. In univariate analysis, we found that 8 out of 11 LPGs were significantly correlated with PNBM. Model 1 multivariate analysis revealed that PNA (p = 0.034), Jacalin (p = 0.034) and LTL (p = 0.001) were differentially expressed in the CSF of PNBM patients compared with those of non-PNBM patients. Model 2 multivariate analysis further disclosed that LTL (p = 0.021) and CSF glucose (p < 0.001) had independent diagnostic efficacies in PNBM, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.703 and 0.922, respectively. In summary, this study provided a new insight into the subject of CSF glycomics concerning bacterial infection in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease in which protein, fat, carbohydrates and other substances are metabolized in a disorderly way. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic acid found in many vegetables, fruits, cereals and Chinese herbs that has a strong effect on ameliorating MetS. However, no review has summarized the mechanisms of FA in treating MetS. This review collected articles related to the effects of FA on ameliorating the common symptoms of MetS, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and obesity, from different sources involving Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, etc. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of FA in improving various metabolic disorders according to the collected articles. FA ameliorates diabetes via the inhibition of the expressions of PEPCK, G6Pase and GP, the upregulation of the expressions of GK and GS, and the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway. The decrease of blood pressure is related to the endothelial function of the aortas and RAAS. The improvement of the lipid spectrum is mediated via the suppression of the HMG-Co A reductase, by promoting the ACSL1 expression and by the regulation of the factors associated with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, FA inhibits obesity by upregulating the MEK/ERK pathway, the MAPK pathway and the AMPK signaling pathway and by inhibiting SREBP-1 expression. This review can be helpful for the development of FA as an appreciable agent for MetS treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolites of glycolytic metabolism have been identified as signaling molecules and regulators of gene expression, in addition to their basic function as major energy and biosynthetic source. Immune cells reprogram metabolic pathways to cater to energy and biosynthesis demands upon activation. Most lymphocytes, including inflammatory M1 macrophages, mainly shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, whereas regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages preferentially use the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and have reduced glycolysis. Recent studies have revealed the "non-metabolic" signaling functions of intermediates of the mitochondrial pathway and glycolysis. The roles of citrate, succinate and itaconate in immune response, including post-translational modifications of proteins and macrophages activation, have been highlighted. As an end product of glycolysis, lactate has received considerable interest from researchers. In this review, we specifically focused on studies exploring the integration of lactate into immune cell biology and associated pathologies. Lactate can act as a double-edged sword. On one hand, activated immune cells prefer to use lactate to support their function. On the other hand, accumulated lactate in the tissue microenvironment acts as a signaling molecule that restricts immune cell function. Recently, a novel epigenetic change mediated by histone lysine lactylation has been proposed. The burgeoning researches support the idea that histone lactylation participates in diverse cellular events. This review describes glycolytic metabolism, including the immunoregulation of metabolites of the TCA cycle and lactate. These latest findings strengthen our understanding on tumor and chronic inflammatory diseases and offer potential therapeutic options. [Display omitted] • Lactate functions as a signaling molecule and gene expression regulator. • This review discusses the integration of lactate into immune cell biology. • Histone lysine lactylation has been proposed as a recent novel epigenetic change. • We discuss studies regarding immunoregulation of metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a series of numerical experiments are conducted to examine the sensitivity of the Typhoon Mangkhut intensification simulation to different air–sea flux parameterization schemes (isftcflx option), including option 0 (OPT0), option 1 (OPT1), and option 2 (OPT2). The results show that three schemes basically reproduce tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity of observation, and the simulated exchange coefficient of three schemes is consistent with theoretical results. Using the same upper limit of C d as OPT0 and OPT2, OPT1 has much larger C k than the other two options, which leads to larger latent heat (and sensible heat) flux and produces stronger inflow (within boundary layer) and updrafts (around eyewall), and thus stronger TC intensity. Meanwhile, the results that larger C k / C d corresponds with stronger TC in the mature stage are consistent with Emanuel's potential intensity theory. The fact that C k in OPT1 is evidently larger than the C k from previous studies leads to produce a better TC intensity simulation. Generally, we should use more reasonable air–sea flux parameterization based on observation to improve TC intensity simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metastasis is still the major cause of endometrial cancer (EC)-related death. Because of their biological function and regenerative properties, exosomes have been applied to therapeutic regimens. SERPINA5 expression is downregulated in several tumors and linked to tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the expression and biological functions of SERPINA5 in EC remain unclear. Methods: The levels of SERPINA5 in plasma exosomes were determined with ELISAs. SERPINA5 expression in EC and its relationship with survival outcomes were analyzed using the TCGA database and clinical EC tissue samples. The effect of SERPINA5 overexpression or exosomal SERPINA5 on EC metastasis was examined by cell migration and invasion assays in vitro. Mechanistically, overexpression of SERPINA5 or high exosomal SERPINA5 levels mediated the regulation of the integrin β1/FAK signaling pathway in EC cell lines. The therapeutic effect of exosomal SERPINA5 was determined with xenograft models. Results: This study revealed that the level of exosomal SERPINA5 was increased in the circulating plasma of EC patients. In addition, the expression of SERPINA5 was decreased in EC patients with distant metastasis, and low expression of SERPINA5 indicated worse survival. In addition, SERPINA5 was elevated in normal tissues adjacent to EC tumors. Moreover, overexpression of SERPINA5 inhibited metastatic potential of EC cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, SERPINA5 loaded on secreted exosomes reduced the metastatic ability of EC cells. Notably, overexpression of SERPINA5 or high exosomal SERPINA5 levels suppressed EC metastatic potential by suppressing integrin β1/FAK signaling pathway activation. Finally, exosomal SERPINA5 impeded tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft models. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that a low level of SERPINA5 expression indicated poor survival outcomes in EC and that exogenous SERPINA5 loading of exosomes may be a novel therapeutic strategy for metastatic EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • De-oiled camphor leaf substrate fostered the accumulation of A. cornea metabolite. • Identified 516 metabolites across 78 categories. • Phenols, alkaloids and flavonoids constitute 26.7 %. • Uncovered 32 metabolite biomarkers linked to 8 vital pathways. This study investigates the metabolic responses of Auricularia cornea when cultured on de-oiled leaves of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (DeCL), an underutilized waste product. The metabolic profiles of A. cornea cultured with four different quality ratios of DeCL substrate (0 %, 14 %, 28 % and 42 %) were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics. A total of 516 metabolites were identified and classified into 78 categories, with phenols, alkaloids and flavonoids accounting for 26.7 % of the total. In addition, 32 metabolite biomarkers associated with eight major metabolic pathways were identified. This pioneering research provides valuable insights into the utilization of DeCL, and expands our knowledge of the metabolic dynamics underlying the growth of A. cornea on alternative substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visually appealing pink Auricularia cornea (PAC) underwent noticeable discoloration when stored at 4 °C, adversely affecting their eye-catching colors, texture, and commercial value. The mechanisms underlying the quality losses during storage remained understudied. Here, data from 12 physiological indicators, 14 texture or color-related indicators, and transcriptome dynamics across 6 stages spanning 35 d were comprehensively evaluated. The results reveal a loss of key quality indicators, such as color, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience, etc. Enzyme activities associated with low-temperature stress exhibit fluctuating patterns. Quality remains acceptable when refrigerated for seven days. RNA sequencing revealed 1,106 to 1,974 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), based on 4-fold changes and validated via RT-qPCR. DEGs were enriched in processes including cell wall macromolecule catabolism, oxidation-reduction, and alcohol metabolism, along with KEGG pathways related to amino acid, galactose, and lipid metabolism. This study offers valuable insights into optimizing the postharvest preservation of PAC during refrigeration. [Display omitted] • Refrigerated storage alter the phenotype and physical properties of pink A. cornea. • Fading, yellowing and texture softening were the main post-harvest storage indicators. • DEGs and functions associated with cell wall alterations were identified. • Oxidation-reduction and alcohol metabolism processes drive physiological changes. • DEGs related to amino acid metabolism were significantly enriched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A series of novel Gilteritinib-based FLT3-PROTAC degraders were designed and synthesized. • B3-2 exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against FLT3-ITD mutant AML cells, and significantly induced FLT3-ITD protein degradation. • B3-2 has an oral bioavailability of 5.65%, and it significantly inhibited tumor growth in MV4-11 xenograft models by oral administration. • B3-2 showed strong antiproliferative activity against several FLT3 resistant mutations. Fms-like tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (FLT3) proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) emerge as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of FLT3 inhibitors, while the development of orally bioavailable FLT3-PROTACs faces great challenges. Here, we report the rational design and evaluation of a series of Gilteritinib-based FLT3-PROTACs. Among them, B3-2 exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against FLT3-ITD mutant AML cells, and significantly induced FLT3-ITD protein degradation. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that B3-2 induced FLT3-ITD degradation in a ubiquitin–proteasome-dependent manner. More importantly, B3-2 exhibited an oral bioavailability of 5.65%, and oral administration of B3-2 showed good antitumor activity in MV-4-11 xenograft models. Furthermore, B3-2 showed strong antiproliferative activity against FLT3 resistant mutations, highlighting its potential in overcoming drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Identification of metabolites and unique/shared types in three A. cornea. • 642 metabolites across 64 classes were identified using LC-MS/MS. • Prenol lipids, carboxylic acids, and fatty acyls constitute 46.8 % of the metabolites. • KEGG and MetPA analyses highlighted variations and key pathways of metabolite. Auricularia cornea has garnered attention due to its nutrition, culinary applications, and promising commercial prospects. However, there is little information available regarding the metabolic profiling of various colors strains. In this study, 642 metabolites across 64 classes were identified by LC-MS/MS to understand the metabolic variations between white, pink and dark brown strains. Notably, prenol lipids, carboxylic acids and fatty acyls accounted for 46.8 % of the total. Comparative analysis revealed 17 shared differential metabolites (DMs) among them. ACP vs ACW exhibited 17 unique metabolites, including d -arginine and maleic acid, etc. ACP vs ACB showed 5 unique metabolites, with only PS(18:1(9Z)/0:0) demonstrating up-regulation. ACB vs ACW showed 8 unique metabolites, including 4-hydroxymandelic acid and 5′-methylthioadenosine, etc. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted pathway variations, and MetPA analysis identified key-pathways influencing DMs accumulation in A. cornea. This pioneering metabolomics study offers insights into A. cornea metabolic profiling, potential applications, and guides further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate if removing DCE from the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) influences the diagnostic accuracy of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We also explored using different reference standards on the MRI diagnostic performance. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases to June 26, 2021. Pooled biparametric MRI (bpMRI, T2WI+DWI) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI, T2WI+DWI+DCE) sensitivities and specificities and the diagnostic performances of these methods for MIBC were compared using different reference standards. Results: Seventeen studies with 2344 patients were finally included, of which 7 studies, including 1041 patients, reported the diagnostic performance of bpMRI. VI-RADS showed sensitivities and specificities of 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.94) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.77–0.91) at cutoff scores of 3, and 0.85 (95% CI 0.77–0.90) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.89–0.96) at cutoff scores of 4. BpMRI showed sensitivities and specificities of 0.90 (95% CI 0.69–0.97) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.81–0.95), and 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.88) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.87–0.99), respectively, for cutoff scores of 3 and 4. The sensitivities of bpMRI vs mpMRI for MIBC were not significantly different, but bpMRI was more specific than mpMRI at cutoff scores of 3 (p = 0.02) and 4 (p = 0.02). The VI-RADS studies using primary transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) as the reference standard had significantly higher sensitivities (p < 0.001) than those using secondary TURBT or radical cystectomy as the reference. Data conclusion: BpMRI and conventional VI-RADS had similar diagnostic efficacies for MIBC. Since MRI overestimated MIBC diagnoses using primary TURBT as the reference standard, we recommend using secondary TURBT as the reference standard. Key Points: • Biparametric MRI without DCE had similar diagnostic efficacies for MIBC compared with conventional VI-RADS. • The sensitivity of VI-RADS was overestimated when referring to the primary TURBT results. • Biparametric MRI comprised of T2WI and DWI could be used for detecting MIBC in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihuang Yinzi, as a classical Chinese medicine prescription, plays an important role for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Gut microbiota play a functional role for the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which further affect central nervous system and change brain function. Our research confirmed that Dihuang Yinzi can exert brain protection by inhibiting inflammatory reaction. Dihuang Yinzi can significantly decrease the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in brain, serum, and colon tissues and increase the contents of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rats. The results of 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Dihuang Yinzi had a significant effect on microbiome in rats. The firmicutes, bacteroidetes, and proteobacteria were dominant in Dihuang Yinzi group. The content of firmicutes increased with the increase of dosage of Dihuang Yinzi. Especially, the content of actinomycetes in the high-dose group was higher than other groups. At the genus level, the number of bacteroides in the antibiotic groups was significantly higher than that in the other treatment groups. The results suggest that Dihuang Yinzi may play important roles in treatment of ischemic stroke by regulating the gut microbiota and the inflammatory reaction in the colon tissues, serum, and brain of the model rats, to verify the scientific nature of this prescription in relieving brain inflammatory reaction and brain injury by this way and to reveal the brain-gut related mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi in treating ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main limitation of lithium (Li) metal anodes lies in their severe dendrite growth due to nonuniform Li+ flux and sluggish Li+ transportation at the anode surface. Fabricating artificial protective overlayer with tunable surficial properties on Li metal is a precise and effective strategy to relieve this problem. In this Concept article, we focus on the basic principles of regulating interfacial Li+ through artificial protective overlayers and summarize the material preparation as well as structural design of these overlayers. The remaining challenges and promising directions of artificial protective overlayers are then highlighted to provide clues for the practical application of Li metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Transverse electron injection confines electrons well within the multiple quantum wells and overcome the electron overflow. • The narrow and long mesa designs enhance the electron injection and light extraction characteristics. • Transverse structure deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes implement high modulation bandwidth and high light output power simultaneously. Conventional structure deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) at short wavelengths typically suffer from electron overflow and low light-emitting efficiency. For solar-blind communication application, conventional DUV-LEDs are struggling to simultaneously implement high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and high modulation bandwidth. In this paper, we report that transverse structure LEDs can overcome abovementioned problems and achieve high EQE and high modulation bandwidth. The n-AlGaN free transverse structure LEDs have been demonstrated to yield high crystal quality multiple quantum wells (MQWs). Due to the transverse electron injection, transverse structure LEDs can confine electrons well within the MQWs and avoid electron overflow. To enhance the electron injection and light extraction characteristics, the narrow and long mesa designs were optimized by both experimental and theoretical-fit results. Finite-difference time domain simulation indicates that the n+-GaN layer of the transverse LEDs with the transverse MQWs mesa design does not degrade light extraction. The transverse structure LEDs attain the maximum light output power and EQE recorded to date for DUV-LEDs below 250 nm, respectively 14 mW and 1.72 %. Furthermore, the −3 dB modulation bandwidth can be achieved up to 416 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used synthetic chemicals that persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in animals and humans. There is growing evidence that PFAS exposure adversely impacts neurodevelopment and neurological health. Steroid 5α-reductase 1 (SRD5A1) plays a key role in neurosteroidogenesis by catalyzing the conversion of testosterone or pregnenolone to neuroactive steroids, which influence neural development, cognition, mood, and behavior. This study investigated the inhibitory strength and binding interactions of 18 PFAS on human and rat SRD5A1 activity using enzyme assays, molecular docking, and structure-activity relationship analysis. Results revealed that C9–C14 PFAS carboxylic acid at 100 μM significantly inhibited human SRD5A1, with IC 50 values ranged from 10.99 μM (C11) to 105.01 μM (C14), and only one PFAS sulfonic acid (C8S) significantly inhibited human SRD5A1 activity, with IC 50 value of 8.15 μM. For rat SRD5A1, C9–C14 PFAS inhibited rat SRD5A1, showing the similar trend, depending on carbon number of the carbon chain. PFAS inhibit human and rat SRD5A1 in a carbon chain length-dependent manner, with optimal inhibition around C11. Kinetic studies indicated PFAS acted through mixed inhibition. Molecular docking revealed PFAS bind to the domain between NADPH and testosterone binding site of both SRD5A1 enzymes. Inhibitory potency correlated with physicochemical properties like carbon number of the carbon chain. These findings suggest PFAS may disrupt neurosteroid synthesis and provide insight into structure-based inhibition of SRD5A1. [Display omitted] • Some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances potently inhibit human SRD5A1. • Some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances inhibit rat SRD5A1. • Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids inhibit human and rat SRD5A1 depending on carbon chain length. • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances act mixed inhibition of human and rat SRD5A1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show promise for photodetection across various wavelengths. However, photoconductive devices often face various limitations such as low photoresponsivity or high dark current. This study introduces a highly sensitive photodetector using a graphene/h-BN/In 2 Se 3 heterostructure. A substantial electron barrier (2.72 eV) at the graphene/h-BN junction effectively suppresses dark current, while the small hole barrier (1.39 eV) at the h-BN/In 2 Se 3 junction facilitates efficient tunneling of photocarriers under illumination. The photodetector demonstrates a fast response time (T r = 15 ms, T d = 5 ms), outstanding responsivity (1.18 × 104 μA/W), and detectivity (1.74 × 1010 Jones) at 4 V bias and 637 nm light illumination. Spectral measurements reveal a broad detection range from visible to near-infrared (450–1310 nm). Furthermore, leveraging the non-volatile ferroelectric properties of In 2 Se 3 allows modulation of the barrier height, enabling non-volatile tunable photoconductivity. This study represents a significant advancement in ferroelectric based optoelectronic detection devices, providing strong support for applications in high-performance computing, neural networks, and related domains. • A graphene/h-BN/In 2 Se 3 heterostructure photodetector is developed for high sensitivity. • The photodetector shows excellent response times, responsivity, and detectivity across visible and near-infrared wavelengths. • Leveraging In 2 Se 3 's ferroelectric properties, the device achieves non-volatile tunable photoconductivity. • These advancements offer significant potential in optoelectronic devices for high-performance computing and neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study compared and analyzed the simulation results of Typhoon Lekima based on six optional atmospheric boundary layer parameterization schemes provided by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale numerical model, namely, BouLac, MYJ, UW, YSU, ACM2, and SH. The results show that different boundary layer schemes have little influence on the simulated track of Typhoon Lekima, but have a significant impact on the simulated intensity and structural evolution. The intensities simulated by the local closure scheme UW are the strongest, followed by those by the local closure scheme BouLac, while the simulated intensities by the local closure scheme MYJ and the three non-local schemes including YSU, ACM2, and SH are weaker. Among them, the lowest air pressure simulated by BouLac is the closest to the real situation. Through comparison between the results from different boundary layer schemes, it is found that typhoon intensity is affected by both thermal and dynamic factors. The larger the surface latent heat flux and turbulent diffusion coefficient in the boundary layer are simulated, the larger the radial winds and low-level convergence will be generated, and thus the stronger the simulated typhoon, and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) must be carefully assessed to determine the extent of lymph node dissection required and patient prognosis. Few studies attempted to determine whether the ultrasound (US) appearance of the primary thyroid tumor could be used to predict cervical lymph node involvement. This study aimed to identify the US features of the tumor that could predict cervical LNM in patients with PTC.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with pathologically confirmed PTC. We evaluated the following US characteristics: lobe, isthmus, and tumor size; tumor position; parenchymal echogenicity; the number of lesions (i.e., tumor multifocality); parenchymal and lesional vascularity; tumor margins and shape; calcifications; capsular extension; tumor consistency; and the lymph nodes along the carotid vessels. The patients were grouped as no LNM (NLNM), central LNM (CLNM) alone, and lateral LNM (LLNM) with/without CLNM, according to the postoperative pathological examination.Results: Totally, 247 patients, there were 67 men and 180 women. Tumor size of > 10 mm was significantly more common in the CLNM (70.2%) and LLNM groups (89.6%) than in the NLNM group (45.4%). At US, capsular extension > 50% was most common in the LLNM group (35.4%). The multivariable analysis revealed that age (OR = 0.203, 95%CI: 0.095-0.431, P < 0.001) and tumor size (OR = 2.657, 95%CI: 1.144-6.168, P = 0.023) were independently associated with CLNM compared with NLNM. In addition, age (OR = 0.277, 95%CI: 0.127-0.603, P = 0.001), tumor size (OR = 6.069, 95%CI: 2.075-17.75, P = 0.001), and capsular extension (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.326-3.294, P = 0.001) were independently associated with LLNM compared with NLNM.Conclusion: Percentage of capsular extension at ultrasound is associated with LLNM. US-guided puncture cytology and eluent thyroglobulin examination could be performed as appropriate to minimize the missed diagnosis of LNM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Microwave energy was used for producing DRI powders from BF dust and EAF dust. • Core-shell composite pellets were designed and prepared based on impedance matching. • Microwave-assisted reduction of the composite pellets removed Zn and Pb efficiently. • DRI powders were obtained by magnetic separation of reduction products. In this study, a novel method for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) powders based on microwave-assisted self-reduction of core–shell composite pellets composed of blast furnace (BF) dust and hazardous electric arc furnace (EAF) dust followed by magnetic separation was reported. The proper core–shell structure of the composite pellets was designed according to the rule of impedance matching and properties of BF dust and EAF dust by adjusting the thickness of shell (i.e., thickness of impedance matching layer) via controlling the C/O molar ratio of the raw materials from 0.55 to 0.70. The results showed that the EAF dust with high content of CaO was beneficial to the mechanical strength of green, dried, and metallized pellets (collected after reduction), while the BF dust with high content of carbon enabled sufficient microwave-assisted reduction of the pellets, facilitating subsequent magnetic separation and also the removal of zinc from EAF dust. By reduction of the core–shell BF dust-EAF dust composite pellets with the C/O molar ratio of 0.65 at 1050 °C for 15 min, the resulting metallized pellets showed superior reduction and magnetic separation indexes with higher removal percentages of zinc and lead, in comparison with conventional metallized pellets. The DRI powders obtained after magnetic separation had total iron content of 91.2 wt%, iron metallization degree of 95.8%, yield of 68.1%, and iron recovery of 88.0%. This study provided a good example for efficient and environmentally friendly comprehensive utilization of typical and hazardous wastes in the iron and steel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the large reaction energy barrier caused by multi-step electron transfer processes of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) gravely restricts the practical application of electrocatalytic water splitting, it is urgent to develop a dual-functional electrocatalyst which can effectively reduce the reaction energy barrier and actually speed up the reaction. Herein, the Ru species are doped into the complex of magnetite and FeNi-layered double hydroxide by a one-step oil bath method, and a self-supporting binder-free bifunctional electrocatalyst was synthesized on the surface of iron foam (named Ru–Fe3O4@FeNi–LDH/IF). The unique 3D core–shell microflower structure of Ru–Fe3O4@FeNi–LDH/IF, the combination of active ingredient and conductive substrate, together with the doping of Ru may immensely provide a large number of active sites, adjust the electronic structure, accelerate electron transfer, and thus greatly improve the electrocatalytic activity and durability. It is worth mentioning that when Ru–Fe3O4@FeNi–LDH/IF is used as the anode and cathode for overall water splitting, only 1.52 V battery voltage can generate a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and also maintain a prominent stability for at least 36 hours. This work provides a feasible strategy for heteroatom-doping LDH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case report of dyskeratosis congenita caused by a novel TERC mutation. The patient, a 21-year-old man, presented with pancytopenia and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Physical examination revealed dysplastic nails, reticular pigmentation of the neck, and oral leukoplakia. Laboratory tests showed abnormalities in blood cell counts and a shortened telomere length. A hemizygous variant in the TERC gene was identified, which was predicted to be of uncertain significance. Treatment with danazol improved the patient's blood cell counts. Dyskeratosis congenita is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, and TERC mutations are associated with approximately 6-10% of cases. The novel TERC mutation in this patient was found to reduce telomerase activity and shorten telomere lengths. [Extracted from the article]

To overcome the problem of the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), it is of great significance to develop an efficient and stable non-noble metal-based OER catalyst for electrocatalytic energy conversion and storage. Herein, a complex of a metal–organic framework and hydroxide is synthesized by performing a ligand etching strategy on FeMn co-doped Ni(OH)2 nanosheets in situ grown on nickel foam (FeMn-Ni(OH)2@MOF/NF). Benefiting from the unique sheet-on-sheet hierarchical structure, multi-metal active nodes and two active materials grown in situ, the resulting FeMn-Ni(OH)2@MOF/NF demonstrated brilliant OER activity with an overpotential of 199 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and long-term stability. This research will provide a new strategy for the design of high-performance OER electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high‐current‐density and high‐area‐capacity operation of Li metal anodes offers promising opportunities for high‐performing next‐generation batteries. However, high‐rate Li deposition suffers from undesired Li‐ion depletion especially at the electrolyte‐anode interface, which compromises achievable capacity and lifetime. Here, electronegative graphene quantum dots are synthesized and assembled into an ultra‐thin overlayer capable of efficient Li‐ion adsorbing at the nanoscale on Li‐metal to fully relieve Li‐ion depletion. The protected Li anode achieves long‐term reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h at both superior current density of 60 mA cm−2 and areal capacity of 60 mAh cm−2. Implementation of the protected anode allows for the construction of Li‐air full battery with both enhanced rate capability and cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high‐current‐density and high‐area‐capacity operation of Li metal anodes offers promising opportunities for high‐performing next‐generation batteries. However, high‐rate Li deposition suffers from undesired Li‐ion depletion especially at the electrolyte‐anode interface, which compromises achievable capacity and lifetime. Here, electronegative graphene quantum dots are synthesized and assembled into an ultra‐thin overlayer capable of efficient Li‐ion adsorbing at the nanoscale on Li‐metal to fully relieve Li‐ion depletion. The protected Li anode achieves long‐term reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h at both superior current density of 60 mA cm−2 and areal capacity of 60 mAh cm−2. Implementation of the protected anode allows for the construction of Li‐air full battery with both enhanced rate capability and cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mind-body exercises such as Yoga or Qi Gong have demonstrated a wide range of health benefits and hold great promise for employment in clinical practice. However, the psychophysiological mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Theoretical frameworks highlight regulation as a characteristic and specific mechanism of mind-body exercise for which empirical evidence is scarce. To investigate the exact nature of this mechanism, we tracked acute changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and subjective state over a common form of mind-body exercise (Qi Gong). Heart rate variability (HRV) and subjective state were assessed in 42 Qi Gong practitioners from China and Germany during a standard moving Qi Gong exercise (Baduanjin). Relaxation in supine position prior and after the exercise served as a control condition to Qi Gong and to assess changes before and after the exercise. Following Qi Gong, all practitioners reported significantly increased subjective calmness and perceived body activation, attentional focus, and subjective vitality. On the physiological level, a significant decrease of parasympathetic modulation and increase in heart rate indicated a pattern of moderate general physiological activation during Qi Gong. A significant increase in overall RR-interval modulation and cardiac coherence during Qi Gong were indicative of a mechanism of active regulation. Examination of the RR-interval trajectories revealed a rhythmic pattern of ANS activation and deactivation in sync with activating and relaxing segments of the exercise. Significant changes in subjective state, not on the physiological level, before and after the exercise were observed. Significant associations between Qi-Gong-specific beliefs, age, cultural background, and experiential and physiological measures demonstrated the complexity of mind-body exercises as multicomponent interventions. Overall, this study highlights moderate general physiological activation, exercise-dependent rhythmic ANS modulation, and induction of a characteristic state of eutonic calmness as potential psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the health benefits of mind-body exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution at the anode, the efficiency of electrocatalytic water decomposition is critically reduced, and its large-scale application is severely restricted. Therefore, it is urgent to develop electrocatalysts with excellent performance and stability to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reaction kinetics. Herein, a self-supporting binder-free electrocatalyst was successfully prepared using in situ grown Cu(OH)2 nanowires on CF as the carrier to grow ZIF-67 via a room temperature immersion method. The combination of Cu(OH)2 nanowires and the unique structure of ZIF-67 forms a three-dimensional nanostructured catalyst, in which the unique structure and the existence of synergy may contribute to a larger electrochemical active surface area, expose more electrochemically active sites, adjust the electronic structure, and accelerate the rate of electron transfer, thus greatly improving the electrocatalytic activity and durability for OER. The as-prepared Cu(OH)2@ZIF-67/CF exhibited excellent OER performance under alkaline conditions and required overpotentials of 205 mV and 276 mV to drive current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, with a small Tafel slope of 70.5 mV dec−1 for OER. The stability test of Cu(OH)2@ZIF-67/CF at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 displayed excellent stability for 22 h. This study provides a feasible strategy for the rapid preparation of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts in alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: A worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has drawn global attention. Several reports have described the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in the infected patients. The systematic review was designed to highlight the gaps in our knowledge about the prevalence and clinical significance of GI symptoms in patients with COVID‐19. Methods: We searched PubMed database and Google articles published in both English and Chinese up to June 3, 2020, using search terms "clinical features," "2019 novel coronavirus," "2019‐nCoV," "COVID‐19," or "SARS‐Cov‐2." Observational studies, case reports, or letters describing the clinical features or observational studies regarding the detection and/or isolation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viruses in stools were included. Results: A total of 22 publications were finally selected. It was reported that GI symptoms occurred in about 3–40.7% of patients. GI manifestations included nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, belching, abdominal distension, and GI hemorrhage. Diarrhea was the most common GI symptom. Infected patients had various degrees of liver dysfunction, and the severity of liver dysfunction was significantly associated with the severity of the disease. Therapy focusing on digestive system like liver supportive therapy or nutrition support or probiotics has been demonstrated to be effective interventions, which greatly improve prognosis. Fecal–oral transmission route is a potential risk for transmission. Conclusions: GI symptoms are common in COVID‐19. Strengthening the recognition on abnormalities in digestive system of patients with COVID‐19 is crucial for early identification and timely treatment, especially for those atypical patients. Hygiene protection and keeping the drainpipe free flowing are necessary for everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triplet state dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) plays a significant role in inducing oxidant decay and radical generation in light-based advanced oxidation processes. However, the effects of pH still need investigation. This work quantitatively analyzed the pH-dependent free available chlorine (FAC) decay and radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•) induced by 3DOM* or triplet state photosensitizer (3PS*). Upon UV irradiation at 254 nm, the decay rate of FAC by 3DOM* or 3PS* was the highest at neutral pH, while those by dark reaction of DOM and the direct photolysis of FAC were the highest at acidic conditions. This is attributed to the variation of FAC species, 3DOM* or 3PS* formation, and the reaction rate constants of FAC with 3DOM* or 3PS* at pH 5.0–10.0. 3DOM* and 3PS* formed increasingly with pH varying from 5.0 to 10.0, while their reactivity with FAC decreased due to the speciation from HOCl to OCl–. Radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•) from FAC reaction with 3DOM* or 3PS* occurred at all the testing pH range (5.0–10.0). This work highlighted the pH-dependent role of 3DOM* in oxidant decay and radical formation in treating DOM containing waters through oxidant photolysis. Triplet state dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) plays a significant role in inducing oxidant decay and radical generation in light-based AOPs. This study revealed the effects of pH in 3DOM* induced free available chlorine (FAC) decay and radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•). With DOM at 3 mg C L−1, FAC decayed fastest under neutral conditions and radical formation (i.e., HO• and Cl•) was enhanced at 5.0–10.0 due to 3DOM* reaction with FAC. These results highlighted the pH-dependent role of 3DOM* in oxidant transformation and radical formation in treating DOM containing waters by AOPs based on oxidant photolysis. [Display omitted] • FAC photolysis and radical formation were pH-dependent in DOM solutions; • 3DOM* induced FAC decay the most at neutral pH; • The reactivity between 3DOM* and FAC decreased while the 3DOM* quantum yields increased with pH varying in 5.0–10.0; • Radical formation was enhanced from 3DOM* reaction with FAC at pH 5.0–10.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MSE with the highest CMR and lowest HTC value exhibited superior performance. • Multiple pores provided sufficient active sites and diffusivity for MSE's property. • Hierarchical MSE was fabricated with bead-milling and recrystallization innovatively. • Mesoporous as a modification method improved diffusivity and reduced side reactions. The catalytic properties of zeolitic materials are governed by the intricate interplay between catalytic and transport processes, which, in turn, depend critically on the topology and morphology features. Here, the catalytic performance of typical three dimensional zeolites, including medium pore MFI , large pore *BEA and multi-pore MSE topologies with comparable Si/Al ratios are employed as n -heptane cracking catalysts to inspect the influence of topology on product slates for naphtha molecules. Furthermore, a bead-milling coupled with porogen assisted recrystallization method is used to fabricate hierarchically porous MSE zeolite for the first time. The catalytic n -heptane cracking properties of hierarchical MSE zeolite are compared with the hierarchical MFI and *BEA analogues, derived from the cracking mechanism ratio and the hydrogen transfer coefficient, respectively, to exam the influence of transport on product distributions. Multi-pore MSE zeolite outperforms MFI and *BEA zeolites in terms of light olefin selectivity and yield, owing to an exaggerated contribution from Haag-Dessau mechanism mediated cracking and a reduced probability for side-reactions, as a consequence of decreased residence time for the primary cracking product olefins. The developed methods to fabricated hierarchical zeolites and the revelation of structure-catalysis relationship may inspire future catalyst design for catalytic naphtha cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 94 amino acids metabolic profiles were presented completely of A. cornea. • Seventy-nine amino acids metabolites were successfully detected, while fifteen remained undetected in A. cornea. • A. cornea exhibited abundant contents of succinic-acid and γ-aminobutyric-acid. • Fruiting bodies cultivated under 21% pinecone substrate show a significant decrease in amino acid metabolites. • Seven pathways exhibited significant enrichment of differential metabolites. Pinecone substrate offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for cultivating edible fungi. This pioneering study explores the 94 amino acids metabolic profiles of Auricularia cornea grown on various pinecone substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first study of quantify A. cornea on an oleaginous substrate (pinecone) using targeted LC-MS /MS-based metabolomics approaches. Five different pinecone substrate percentages (0%, 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28% respectively) were used for A. cornea culture, and the resulting fruiting bodies were analyzed for amino acids metabolic profiles. Detected 79 amino acids metabolites, 15 undetected. High contents of succinic-acid and γ-aminobutyric acid. Thirty-three amino acid metabolites showed significant differences between groups, primarily related to protein synthesis. KEGG analysis revealed that seven major metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. The findings provide valuable insights into the metabolite composition of A. cornea grown on a pinecone substrate, potentially contribute to the understanding of its nutritional and medicinal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An immunomodulatory peptide was isolated from Stolephorus chinensis. • The amino acid sequence of immunomodulatory peptide was identified as Tyr-Val-Met-Arg-Phe. • Fraction with molecular weight of < 1 kDa showed maximum RPR toward RAW 264.7 cells (70.03 %). Immunomodulatory peptides derived from marine organisms are potential sources of new immunomodulating drugs. This study aimed to investigate the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of immunoregulatory peptides from Stolephorus chinensis. The relative proliferation rate (RPR) of RAW264.7 macrophages was set as the screening index. The immunoregulatory peptides from S. chinensis was prepared via process optimization, ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HLPC). The amino acid sequence of the immunoregulatory peptide from S. chinensis (IPSC) was identified to be Tyr-Val-Met-Arg-Phe (YVMRF; MW 715.4 Da) using Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. In addition, the macrophages became larger with more pseudopods after IPSC treatment, indictating that IPSC stimulated RAW 264.7 differentiation. IPSC also increased productions of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Our results provide a theoretical basis for preparing immunomodulatory functional food from S. chinensis in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is an effective method for detecting and monitoring the targets on the ocean surface and above. To improve the detection performance of HFSWR, a new detector is proposed by applying weighted distance iteration (WDI) processing to the joint domain localised (JDL) matrix constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector. Based on information geometry theory and Riemannian manifold, the proposed detector uses multi‐dimensional information (azimuth, Doppler velocity and range information) of the signal to effectively find the target that has drowned in sea clutter and uses WDI‐processing technique to suppress the clutter. The experimental results are given to show the superiority of the proposed detector. Compared with cell average CFAR detector and JDL matrix CFAR detector, the proposed detector improves the detection performance effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]