Search

Superoxide dismutase is an important antioxidant enzyme extensively existing in eukaryote, which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays an essential role in stress tolerance of higher plants. A full-length cDNA encoding Cu/Zn SOD was cloned from leaves of Gynura bicolor DC. by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of Cu/Zn SOD is 924 bp and has a 681 bp open reading frame encoding 227 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that belonged to the plant SOD super family. Cu/Zn SODs of the Helianthus annuus, Mikania micrantha, and Solidago canadensis var. scabra all have 86% similarity to the G. bicolor Cu/Zn SOD. Analysis of the expression of Cu/Zn SOD under different treatments revealed that Cu/Zn SOD was a stress-responsive gene, especially to 1-MCP. It indicates that the Cu/Zn SOD gene would be an important gene in the resistance to stresses and will be helpful in providing evidence for future research on underlying molecular mechanism and choosing proper postharvest treatments for G. bicolor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, the adsorption characteristics of polyphenols in kiwifruit juice were investigated using AB-8 resin, with the aim to separate the polyphenols from kiwifruit juice to prevent astringency and browning during processing and storage. Results showed that the adsorption ability (qe ) of the resin increased with an increase in temperature. The adsorption equilibrium was best described by the Freundlich isotherm (R 2 >0.98). Thermodynamic parameters including the changes of enthalpy (ΔH), free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) were evaluated at 25, 30 and 35°C. From the enthalpy change (0<ΔH <5), the adsorption was endothermic in nature and involved physical adsorption. The result of free energy change (ΔG <0) demonstrated a spontaneous adsorption process. The pseudo first-order model was found to describe the kinetic data satisfactory. The adsorption mechanism was not limited solely by intra-particle diffusion as shown by the Weber and Morris model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Prenylated hydroquinones are the main meroterpenoids found in fungal species of the genus Ganoderma. A new prenylated hydroquinone ganocalidin G (1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma calidophilum. The structure of compound 1 was identified based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as MS. Its absolute structure was elucidated from optical rotation calculation. The bioassay for inhibitory activity against AChE showed compound 1 had weak activity with an inhibition rate of 28.7% at a concentration of 100 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new macrolide cephalolidedifuran A (1), together with two known cephalosporolides B (2), and I (3), was isolated from the fungus Cordyceps spp., a strain from cell fusion between Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps cicadae. Their structures were identified on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as MS. The bioassay for anti-nematode activity of all the isolates showed that compounds 1 and 3 revealed moderate inhibitory activity against the nematode Panagrellus redivivus, with a mortality ratio of 48.35 and 59.16% at 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, compounds 1–3 showed weak inhibitory activity against AChE at the concentration of 100 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), such as delirium and cognitive impairment, are commonly encountered complications in aged patients. The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is aberrantly synthesized from reactive astrocytes following inflammatory stimulation and is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in PND. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether the NLRP3–GABA signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of aging mice's PND. Methods: 24-month-old C57BL/6 and astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout male mice were used to establish a PND model via tibial fracture surgery. The monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) inhibitor selegiline (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once a day for 7 days after the surgery. PND, including impulsive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment, was evaluated by open field test, elevated plus maze, and fear conditioning. Thereafter, pathological changes of neurodegeneration were explored by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Results: Selegiline administration significantly ameliorated TF-induced impulsive-like behaviors and reduced excessive GABA production in reactive hippocampal astrocytes. Moreover, astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout mice reversed TF-induced impulsive-like and cognitive impairment behaviors, decreased GABA levels in reactive astrocytes, ameliorated NLRP3-associated inflammatory responses during the early stage, and restored neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that anesthesia and surgical procedures trigger neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits, which may be due to NLRP3–GABA activation in the hippocampus of aged mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Water shortage caused by global warming seriously affects the yield and quality of vegetable crops. β-carotene, the lipid-soluble natural product with important pharmacological value, is abundant in celery. Transcription factor MYB family extensively disperses in plants and plays regulatory roles in carotenoid metabolism and water scarcity response. Results: Here, the AgMYB5 gene encoding 196 amino acids was amplified from celery cv. 'Jinnanshiqin'. In celery, the expression of AgMYB5 exhibited transactivation activity, tissue specificity, and drought-condition responsiveness. Further analysis proved that ectopic expression of AgMYB5 increased β-carotene content and promoted drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, AgMYB5 expression promoted β-carotene biosynthesis by triggering the expression of AtCRTISO and AtLCYB, which in turn increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and led to the decreased contents of H2O2 and MDA, and the inhibition of O2− generation. Meanwhile, β-carotene accumulation promoted endogenous ABA biosynthesis of transgenic Arabidopsis, which resulted in ABA-induced stomatal closing and delayed water loss. In addition, ectopic expression of AgMYB5 increased expression levels of AtERD1, AtP5CS1, AtRD22, and AtRD29. Conclusions: The findings indicated that AgMYB5 up-regulated β-carotene biosynthesis and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C26H25NO3, was synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cyclo­addition reaction of benzaldehyde, α-bromo­acetophenone and N-benzylideneglycine ethyl ester. In the mol­ecule, the heterocyclic five-membered ring adopts an envelope conformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the central nervous system is referred to as the gut-brain axis. The intestinal tract of HSR mice produces excessive H2S, the intestinal mucosal barrier is damaged, and intestinal inflammation occurs, which leads to the activation of microglia in the amygdala. At the same time, NMDA receptors are activated, and inflammatory factors are released, eventually leading to the occurrence of anxiety and compulsive-like behaviors. [Display omitted] • Hemorrhage shock and resuscitation (HSR) causes repetitive compulsive behaviors. • HSR induces intestinal inflammation, which is associated with Hydrogen sulfide. • HSR induces neuroinflammatory response. • DL-Propargylglycine (PAG) intragastrically as an H2S scavenger improved above symptoms in HSR mice. • MK-801, an NMDA receptor inhibitor, significantly reversed H2S-induced intestinal and cerebral injury. Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR) cause inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a gasotransmitter with pleiotropic activity, exhibits anti-inflammatory benefits at physiological levels. However, deleterious effects are observed when its concentration increases. In this investigation, we employed a mouse model of HSR to examine the effects of an H 2 S scavenger on the gastrointestinal tract and brain, with emphasis on N-Methyl- d -Aspartate (NMDA) receptor function. Mice were immediately administered dl -propargylglycine (PAG) intragastrically as an H 2 S scavenger after HSR exposure. The O-maze and buried beads tests were used to assess compulsive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Pathological changes in the intestine were evaluated at 24 and 30 days after HSR. Subsequently, at 30 days after HSR, we examined electrophysiological and pathological changes in the amygdala. Within 24 h of HSR exposure, animals treated with PAG showed significantly lower colonic injury. Additionally, compared to the HSR-treated mice 30 days after HSR, the PAG-treated mice displayed reduced buried beads, increased open-arm time, lower blood levels of Diamine Oxidase (DAO) and considerably improved ZO-1 intensity, a stronger association between the delta rhythm phase and beta activity amplitude, and lower neuroinflammatory response in the amygdala. MK-801, an NMDA receptor inhibitor, significantly reversed H 2 S-induced intestinal and cerebral injury. This experimental data suggests that H 2 S-induced excessive activation of NMDA receptors contributes to anxiety- and compulsive-like behaviors caused by HSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sesquiterpenoid, named amoienacid (1), was isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Amauroderma amoiensis. Its structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HR-ESI-MS data. The new isolate exhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with the percentage inhibition of 36.3% at a concentration of 100 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Seven new IDTs were isolated from the marine-derived fungus. • Compounds 1 and 2 are two novel IDTs featuring different skeletons. • Compound 1 acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor against PTP1B. • Compounds 4 , 8 , and 22 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects. Seven new indole-diterpenoids, penpaxilloids A–E (1 – 5), 7-methoxypaxilline-13-ene (6), and 10-hydroxy-paspaline (7), along with 20 known ones (8 – 27), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. ZYX-Z-143. Among them, compound 1 was a spiro indole-diterpenoid bearing a 2,3,3a,5-tetrahydro-1 H -benzo[ d ]pyrrolo[2,1– b ][1,3]oxazin-1-one motif. Compound 2 was characterized by a unique heptacyclic system featuring a rare 3,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane unit. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, NMR calculations coupled with the DP4 + analysis, and ECD calculations. The plausible biogenetic pathway of two unprecedented indole diterpenoids, penpaxilloids A and B (1 and 2), was postulated. Compound 1 acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with IC 50 value of 8.60 ± 0.53 μM. Compound 17 showed significant α -glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC 50 value of 19.96 ± 0.32 μM. Moreover, compounds 4 , 8 , and 22 potently suppressed nitric oxide production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds named asperpenes D (1) and E (2) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCS-KFD66. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compound 2 represents the first natural product bearing a 2-substituted-5-oxo-4-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid skeleton. All the compounds were tested for enzyme inhibitory activity against AChE and α-glucosidase and DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve previously undescribed and four known lanostane triterpenoids were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma calidophilum. The structures of undescribed compounds, ganodecalones H–S (1 − 12), were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis as well as ECD and NMR calculations. Compound 4 showed significant inhibitory activity against human leukaemia cell line K562, gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, and cervical cancer cell line HeLa with IC 50 values of 13.10 ± 0.19, 17.26 ± 4.75, and 4.36 ± 0.58 μM, respectively. Compound 16 exhibited inhibitory potency against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase with IC 50 values of 30.2 ± 0.13 μM and 120.6 ± 0.14 μM, respectively. The binding sites and interactions of 16 with PTP1B and α-glucosidase were revealed using molecular docking simulations. Twelve previously undescribed and four known lanostane triterpenoids with anti-proliferative and PTP1B/α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma calidophilum. [Display omitted] • 12 undescribed and 4 known triterpenoids were isolated from Ganoderma calidophilum. • Ganodecalone K (4) showed significant anti-proliferative activity. • Compound 16 exhibited inhibitory activities against PTP1B and α-glucosidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sterol, named 6β-methoxyergosta-7,9(11),22E-triene-3β,5α-diol (1), together with seven known ones (2–8), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Haddowia longipes. Their structures were identified on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as MS. The inhibitory activity of these isolates against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed that compound 1 exhibited weak inhibitory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigation on the cultures of the fungus Cordyceps spp., a strain from cell fusion between Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps cicadae, resulted in the isolation of 13 compounds including 2 new ones named 2-(5-(3-oxobutyl) furan-2-yl) acetic acid (1) and cordycepone (2). Their structures were elucidated from the analysis of 1D/2D NMR and CD data. Among them, compounds 1, 7–9, at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, showed weak inhibitory activity against AChE. Moreover, compounds 6, 9, and 11 showed moderate inhibitory activity against the nematode Panagrellus redivivus with mortality ratio of 79.0, 71.7, and 72.3% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new nortriterpenoid, 26-nor-11,22-dioxolanost-8-en-3β,7β,15α-triol (1), was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma philippii. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D spectral data as well as MS. Compound 1 showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 482.7 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new ergostane steroid, ergosta-4,6,8,22E-tetraen-11β-ol (1), together with five known analogues (2-6), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Coprinus setulosus for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D spectroscopic data as well as MS. The inhibitory activity of these isolates against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed that compound 1 exhibited weak inhibitory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds, philippin (1) and 3β,9α,14α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergost-22-en-7-one (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma philippii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic technologies, including 1D and 2D NMR as well as MS. The bioassay of inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed compound 1 exhibited weak inhibitory activity against AChE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fresh-cut celery is perishable and prone to yellowing during storage, H 2 S has been applied to postharvest treatment of various fruits and vegetables. Our previous study has proven that NaHS treatment improves postharvest quality of fresh cut celery, but the regulatory mechanism has not been explored. • We evaluated the influence of exogenous H 2 S on organoleptic quality score, electrolyte leakage, firmness value, enzyme activity and gene expression levels of LCD, DCD, OASTL, SAT, SOD, POD, CAT, PAO, PPH, PAL, CAD, the contents of MDA, H 2 O 2 , O 2 −, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lignin, and natural nutrients. • We found that exogenous H 2 S promoted endogenous H 2 S biosynthesis, maintained cell membrane integrity by scavenging ROS, delayed yellowing by inhibiting chlorophyll degradation, and delayed softening by inducing lignin accumulation. • In future studies, NaHS treatment will be performed on all initial doses, which will give a more accurate idea of the effective NaHS dose for each parameter. In addition, more NaHS treatment will be used for postharvest celery, such as 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4 mM NaHS, which will yield more details for NaHS treatment on fresh-cut celery. Celery is an important leafy vegetable crop and is widely used in fresh food consumption and processing. Therefore, the preservation of fresh cut celery is warranted. As a food preservative, sodium hydrosulfide has been used to maintain postharvest quality of crops. However, the role of sodium hydrosulfide in the preservation of postharvest celery remains unclear. Here, by regulating endogenous hydrogen sulfide content with sodium hydrosulfide and hypotaurine, we evaluated the effects of sodium hydrosulfide on postharvest celery quality. Sodium hydrosulfide treatment promoted endogenous hydrogen sulfide accumulation by triggering AgLCD and AgSAT expression, as well as increased activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase, D-cysteine desulfhydrase, O-acetylserine (thiol)lyase, and serine acetyltransferase. Simultaneously, sodium hydrosulfide treatment enhanced the expression of AgSOD1, AgPOD, and AgCAT , improved the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and inhibited the accumulation of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion, thereby reducing electrolyte leakage of the cell membrane. AgPAL and AgCAD expressions were up-regulated, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities were increased to promote lignin synthesis and alleviate the softening process. AgPAO and AgPPH expression was down-regulated, polyamine oxidases and pheophytinase activities were decreased to inhibit chlorophyll degradation and delay yellowing. Meanwhile, sodium hydrosulfide treatment effectively inhibited nutrient loss, including soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C, carotenoids, and total phenols. Our findings suggest that hydrogen sulfide plays an essential role in delaying quality deterioration of postharvest celery, while sodium hydrosulfide treatment is a promising method for celery preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigation on the cultures of the fungusPsilocybe merdariaresulted in the first isolation of 10 compounds including two new ones 11,14-dihydroxylneoechinulin E (1) and (S)-4-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-butyrolactone (2). Their structures were elucidated from the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. Among them, compound7showed inhibitory activity against AChE with 20% percentage at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nine lanostanoids, together with nine known ones, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Haddowia longipes . Their structures were elucidated as 11-oxo-ganoderiol D, lanosta-8-en-7,11-dioxo-3β-acetyloxy-24,25,26-trihydroxy, lanosta-8-en-7-oxo-3β-acetyloxy-11β,24,25,26-tetrahydroxy, lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β-acetyloxy-24,25,26-trihydroxy, lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β-acetyloxy-24,26-dihydroxy-25-methoxy, 11-oxo-lucidadiol, 11β-hydroxy-lucidadiol, lucidone H and lanosta-7,9(11),24 E -trien-3β-acetyloxy-26,27-dihydroxy by analysing their 1D/2D NMR and MS spectra. In addition, bioassays of inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of all compounds showed that thirteen compounds possessed inhibitory activity against AChE with the percentage inhibition ranging from 10.3% to 42.1% when tested at 100 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight tetranortriterpenoids (1–8) and two sesquiterpenoids (9 and 10) including two new compounds, cineracipadesin G (1) and 1β-hydroperoxy-6α-hydroxy-eudesm-4(15)-ene (9), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of branches of Cipadessa cinerascens. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. The anti-feedant activity of two tetranortriterpenoids (1 and 7) was tested and obvious anti-feedant effects were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe an on-chip multiple-concentration method combining chitosan (CS) sweeping, reversed-field stacking, and field-amplified sample stacking for highly efficient detection of bacteria. Escherichia coli was selected as a model bacterium to investigate the efficiency of this multiple-concentration method. CS was the most suitable sweeping agent for microchip electrophoresis, replacing the usually used cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for capillary electrophoresis. The additive taurine had a synergistic effect by enhancing the interaction between CS and the surface of the bacteria, thus improving the analysis sensitivity. All steps of the concentration method and related mechanisms are described and discussed in detail. A concentration enhancement factor of approximately 6000 was obtained using this concentration method under optimal conditions as compared to using no concentration step, and the detection limit of E. coli was 145 CFU/mL. The multiple-concentration methodology was also applied for the quantification of bacteria in surface water, and satisfactory results were achieved. The application of this methodology showed that the concentration enhancement of bacteria clearly conferred advantageous sensitivity, speed, and sample volume compared to established methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ten new compounds and eight known ones were isolated from Ganoderma australe. • Triterpenoids and meroterpenoids were the main compound type in Ganoderma australe. • Four compounds showed significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. Macrofungi Ganoderma is a valuable medicinal fungus resource for human health and longevity in China. In this study, ten undescribed compounds including seven lostane-type triterpenoids, ganodaustralic acids A ∼ G (1 – 7), one pair of meroterpenoid enantiomers, (−)-6′- O -ethyllingzhiol (8) and (+)-6′- O -ethyllingzhiol (9), and one polyhydroxylated sterol, 3- O -acetyl-fomentarol C (10), together with eight known compounds (11 – 18), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma australe. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis as well as NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 4 , 8 , 9 , and 12 showed significant α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 4.1–11.7 μM, which were superior to that of positive control acarbose (213 μM). Only compound 7 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new pyrrole alkaloid 2-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1 H-pyrrol-1-yl]acetic acid ( 1), together with two known ones, 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1 H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid ( 2) and 4-[2-formyl-5- (hydroxymethyl)-1 H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid ( 3), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Leccinum extremiorientale for the first time. Their structures were identified on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolites of the genus Marasmius are diverse, showing good research prospects for finding new bioactive molecules. In order to explore the active metabolites of the fungi Marasmius berteroi, the deep chemical investigation on the bioactive compounds from its cultures was undertaken, which led to the isolation of three new naphthalene compounds dipolynaphthalenes A–B (1,2) and naphthone C (3), as well as 12 known compounds (4–15). Compounds 1, 2, and 4 are dimeric naphthalene compounds. Their structures were elucidated by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, as well as ECD calculations. Compounds 2–4 and 7 exhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities at the concentration of 50 μg/mL with inhibition ratios of 42.74%, 44.63%, 39.50% and 51.49%, respectively. Compounds 5 and 7,8 showed weak inhibitory activities towards two tumor cell lines, with IC50 of 0.10, 0.076 and 0.058 mM (K562) and 0.13, 0.18, and 0.15 mM (SGC-7901), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

isolation of a new androstane derivative (I) showing significant AChE inhibitory activity along with a known androstane derivative [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]