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Aim: To investigate the incidence of post‐intensive care unit (ICU) depression and its risk factors among critical care survivors. Methods: The study data were extracted from the database of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea. We retrospectively analyzed data from 161,977 adult patients who were admitted to the ICU for more than 24 hr from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014 and survived for more than 1 year after discharge. Risk factors for newly diagnosed depression (Code F32) were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of post‐ICU depression was 18.5%. The major risk factors were enteral nutrition (odds ratio [OR] = 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.19–2.36), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.54–1.64), and hemi/paraplegia (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.41–1.56). It was observed that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.50–0.61) and myocardial infarction (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.71–0.79) lowered depression. Conclusions: The incidence of post‐ICU depression was high and influenced by ICU treatment and physical impairments. Healthcare providers must pay attention to the psychological changes in survivors with major risk factors in the recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of pathogenic bacteria using natural plant extracts has potential in preventing the emergence of microbial resistance. Also, they are attractive alternatives to antibiotics—particularly in the food industry—because they are safer and more environmentally friendly. Among them, Dryopteris erythrosora (DEE) is rich in flavonoids that have biological functions, including antioxidant activities, but few have been done on their antibacterial activity research. We investigated the synergistic antimicrobial activity of DEE and mild heat against Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DEE against S. aureus was 0.125 mg/mL. The viable S. aureus cell count was reduced by 5.04 log CFU/mL after a DEE and mild heat combinational treatment of 20 min while DEE or mild heat treatments alone produced no inhibition. Propidium iodide fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that this synergistic antimicrobial effect may be the result of enhanced cell membrane damage. Antimicrobial efficiency was confirmed on stainless steel surfaces: an approximate 6 log reduction was achieved using the combinational treatment. However, DEE or mild heat treatments resulted in less than a 1.5 log reduction. In conclusion, our data showed the potential of DEE with mild heat as an effective disinfection strategy in the food industry. • Antimicrobial effect of Dryopteris erythrosora extract (DEE) and heat was tested. • Combination of DEE and mild heat synergistically inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. • Combination of DEE and mild heat enhanced cell membrane disruption. • The synergistic antimicrobial activity was observed on a stainless steel surface. • Combination treatment could be useful to control S. aureus in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]