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Rungia fangdingiana, a new species of Acanthaceae from Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to Rungia sect. Rungia, and resembles R. sinothailandica and R. burmanica in the erect perennial herbaceous habit, elliptic leaves and inflorescence form, but differs mainly by the indumentum and the morphology of the bracts and corolla. The pollen and seed micromorphology of this new species are studied, with photographs and a line drawing provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alseodaphnopsis maguanensis and A. putaoensis, two new species of Alseodaphnopsis (Lauraceae) from southwestern China (Yunnan Province) and northern Myanmar (Kachin State), are here described and illustrated based on both morphological and molecular evidence. They are morphologically similar to Alseodaphnopsis rugosa and phylogenetically closely related to A. rugosa and A. hainanensis respectively. Their preliminary conservation status is also estimated according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Begonia medogensis JianW.Li, Y.H.Tan & X.H.Jin, a new species of Begoniaceae, is described and illustrated by colour photographs. Begonia medogensis is distributed in western China and northern Myanmar. It has erect stems, is tuberless, has many triangular to lanceolate leaves, base slightly asymmetric, margins remotely and irregularly denticulate; staminate flowers have 4 perianth segments, with outer 2 segments broadly ovate, inner 2 spathulate; pistillate flowers have 5 perianth segments, unequal, outer 4 broadly ovate, inner 1 spathulate. The new species is assigned to section Platycentrum and can easily be distinguished from the other species in the section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coelogyne victoria-reginae, a new species of section Proliferae, from Natma Taung (Mt.Victoria) National Park, Chin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. prolifera, but the clustered pseudobulbs, pure brownish- red flowers and column wing with irregular notches at the apex of the new species differ from the other species. A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment shows that the new species is regarded as EN C2a[i] according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A remarkable new Premna species from Myanmar, P. grandipaniculata Y.H.Tan & Bo Li (Lamiaceae), is here described and illustrated. It differs from all known congeneric taxa by having huge complicated panicles which have tertiary branches formed by spike-like thyrses. In Premna, such a spike-like thyrse is found in P. bracteata and P. interrupta, but those species can be easily distinguished from P. grandipaniculata by their habit, indumentum, leaf size and inflorescence structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber longii Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding, sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from southeast Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. It belongs to the Zingiber sect. Dymczewiczia due to the terminal inflorescence on the leafy shoot. It is similar to Z. rufopilosum in its rufous pilose leaf sheaths and ligules but differs from it by emarginate labellum, glabrous margins of the laminae and ostiole (vs. distinctly bifid labellum with an incision about 1/3 of its length, margins of laminae pilose and ciliate ostiole). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celastrus yuloensis X.Y. Mu, a new species of Celastraceae from the seasonal rainforest of southern Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to C. hirsutus, but differs in the prominent spine-like bud scales, elliptic-oblong leaves pubescent only on the veins, axillary long panicle inflorescences, and upper half articulation on stalks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceropegia jilongensis, a new species from Jilong, Xizang, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to C. hookeri, but clearly differs in its indumentum of pedicel and corolla tube, ovoid cage size, corolla lobes and interstaminal corona lobes shape. It is also similar to C. salicifolia and C. angustifolia, but easily distinguished by its leaf shape, peduncle length, indumentum of pedicel and corolla tube, interstaminal corona lobes shape. A comparison table of related species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeschynanthus wangii Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated here. The new species morphologically resembles A. angustioblongus W.T. Wang and A. stenosepalus J.Anthony, but is significantly different from them by having lanceolate leaves with long caudate apex, brownish yellow corolla with five dark red lines from the middle of corolla tube to the top of the lobes, and calyx lobes slightly fused into calyx tube (2-4 mm) at the base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agapetes rhuichengiana Bin Yang & Y.H.Tan (Ericaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Southeast Xizang, China. It is morphologically similar to A. huangiana Bin Yang, Y.H.Tan & Y.H.Tong, but differs in having flowers densely covered with white to light yellowish brown villi, shorter stamens, and fruits that are smaller, depressed subglobose, and villous and verrucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primula weimingii Bin Yang & Y.H. Tan, a new species of Primulaceae from Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. Morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses in our previous research support P. weimingii as a member of the P. sect. Obconicolisteri. Primula weimingii is characterized by having mostly creeping scape with a propagating function that terminates in a leaf rosette, carrying an umbel of 2-4 flowers, narrowly campanulate calyx, 5-7mm long, and corolla tube slightly longer than the calyx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Begonia kayinensis, a new species from Kayin State, Myanmar is described and illustrated. This new species is identified as a member of Begonia section Monophyllon A.DC. in its morphological characteristics including the upright stem with tuber, inflorescences arising from the top of the stem, and 2-loculed ovary. A description, photographs, illustration, and comparison with allied species in sect. Monophyllon and provisional assessment of the conservation status are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marsdenia yarlungzangboensis (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Motuo County, southeastern Xizang of China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to M. medogensis, M. tenii and M. yuei, the major differences between the new species and the morphological relatives are outlined and discussed. A diagnostic key to the new species and its closely related species in China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canthium longipetalum Y.H. Tan & S.S. Zhou, a new species of Rubiaceae from Putao, Kachin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. neilgherrense which has ca. 3 mm long pedicels and corolla lobes, but differs from it by having 2.5-3.2 cm long pedicels and 1.2-1.4 cm long corolla lobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agapetes lihengiana Bin Yang & Y.H.Tan (Ericaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to Yunnan, China. It is morphologically similar to A. epacridea Airy Shaw and A. trianguli Airy Shaw, but clearly differs in having flowers with shorter pedicel and white corolla with 5 vertical pink stripes, and conspicuous secondary veins on the abaxial surface of leaf blades. A detailed description, colour plates, and notes on the new species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primula sugongii J.D.Ya, Bin Yang & Y.H. Tan and P. zhengyii Bin Yang & Y.H. Tan, two new species of Primulaceae from Yunlong County and Luchun County, Yunnan Province, China, are described based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence, and colour plates of these two species are also provided. The molecular phylogenetic analysis using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and chloroplast genome, Primula sugongii was nested within the clade with most members of sect. Obconicolisteri, for Primula zhengyii, the phylogenetic position and its affiliation is somewhat controversial. Based on the comprehensive morphological evidence, they are affiliated to Primula sect. Obconicolisteri Balf. f. Primula sugongii is morphologically similar to P. barbicalyx C.H. Wright in having short and pilose scapes and calyx, but it can be easily distinguished by its longer corolla tube and corolla exannulate at throat, and series of other characters of the leaf blade. Primula zhengyii is morphologically similar to P. zhui Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang and P. intanoensis T. Yamaz., but clearly differs from P. zhui by its shorter corolla tube and smaller flowers size and differs from P. intanoensis by its distylous flowers and several other characters of leaf blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oreocharis polyneura, a new species from southern Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to O. rhytidophylla by having more obvious lateral veins forming a crosslinked network on the adaxial surface of leaf blades, but can be distinguished by having more lateral veins (12-15 pairs vs. 7-9 pairs) of leaf blades, shorter corolla tubes (the length ratio of corolla tube to corolla lobes = 1.2-2.9 vs. 3.4-6) and shorter pistils (6-8 mm long vs. 27-30 mm long). In addition, a detailed morphological description, a photographic illustration, the distribution and phenology of the new species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Begonia longlingensis Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding, a new species of Begoniaceae from Southwest Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it is primarily similar to B. wenshanensis in same section but differs by its hairy inflorescences and ovary (vs. glabrous), five tepals of pistillate flower (vs. three tepals), bracteoles under the ovary (vs. without) and rhizomes well developed (vs. poorly developed). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pentasacme malipoense C. Liu & Y.H. Tan and P. tubulosum C. Liu, X.J. Hu & Y.H. Tan are two new species from Yunnan, China, which are described and illustrated in this study. Molecular phylogenies using the nrITS, rps16 and trnT-F datasets support these two new species formed a clade in the genus Pentasacme, then as the sister to P. caudatum, which is the only Chinese species hitherto included in phylogenetic studies. Pentasacme tubulosum can be clearly distinguished from the other five recognized species of this genus by its tubular corolla and tube much longer than lobes. Pentasacme malipoense is characterized by having campanulate and deeply lobed corolla, tube much shorter than lobes, corolline coronas present and inverted conical style-head, which is remarkably different from its sister species P. tubulosum. In addition, P. malipoense differs from P. caudatum by the reddish pedicels and calyces, oblong-lanceolate corolla lobes, staminal coronas present and inverted conical style-head, and from P. wallichii and P. shanense by its lanceolate leaf blades, reddish pedicels and calyces, both corolline coronas and staminal coronas present, purple-red anther appendages and inverted conical style-head. Furthermore, for illustrating the two species, diagnostic characters, photographs, morphological descriptions, distribution, and habitat are also provided, as well as the geographical distribution and the diagnostic key to all recognized species of Pentasacme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agapetes huangiana Bin Yang, Y.H.Tan & Y.H.Tong (Ericaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to Xizang, China. It is morphologically similar to A. guangxiensis D. Fang and A. epacridea Airy Shaw, but clearly differs in having thinly leathery leaf blades with verrucose-scabrid trichomes abaxially, shorter pedicel, and densely white-puberulent calyx and corolla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species (Aspidistra depingiana Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding, A. partita Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding) and two newly recorded species (A. sutepensis K.Larsen, A. larutensis W.J.de Wilde & A.Vogel) of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) from China and Laos are described. Aspidistra depingiana and A. sutepensis are new to the flora of China, while A. partita and A. larutensis are new to the flora of Laos. The photographies, the distribution, phenology and voucher specimens for all the mentioned taxa are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the result of consecutive floristic survey in Myanmar. Seven new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae), B. casseabri Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding, B. persistens Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding, B. latibracteata Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding from Putao District, Kachin State, B. natmataungensis Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding from Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, B. amnicola Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding, B. sagaingensis Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding and B. chindwinensis Y.H.Tan, M.B.Maw & H.B.Ding from Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing Region, are described and illustrated. All of the new species belongs to Begonia section Platycentrum (Klotzsch) A.DC. Detailed descriptions, colored photographs, habitat and distribution data for the seven new species are provided. A diagnostic key to species of Begonia sect. Platycentrum in Myanmar is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alangium confertiflorum Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding, a new species of Alangium section Alangium (Cornaceae) from China-Laos transboundary region, is described and illustrated here. The similarities and differences with closest allied species in the section Alangium, A. amplum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes and A. indochinense W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes are discussed. The new species is assessed as Endangered (EN) following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Polyalthiopsis Chaowasku (Annonaceae) was a poorly known monotypic genus from Vietnam that was recently segregated from the highly polyphyletic genus Polyalthia s.l. The sister clade relationship between Polyalthiopsis and Miliusa was not well established in previous study. The phylogenetic position of two Polyalthia spp. from China, P. chinensis S.K.Wu ex P.T.Li and P. verrucipes C.Y.Wu ex P.T.Li, remains unresolved and is shown here to be phylogenetically affiliated with Polyalthiopsis. Phylogenetic analyses of six chloroplast regions (matK, ndhF, psbA-trnH, rbcL, trnL-F and ycf1; ca.7.3 kb, 60 accessions) unambiguously placed Polyalthia chinensis and P. verrucipes in the same clade with Polyalthiopsis floribunda (PP = 1, MP BS = 97%); the entire clade is sister to Miliusa with weak to strong support (PP = 1, MP BS = 54%). Polyalthia chinensis and P. verrucipes share several diagnostic characters with Polyalthiopsis floribunda, including the raised midrib on the upper surface of the leaf in vivo, conspicuous foliar glands when dried, petiole with transverse striations when dried and axillary inflorescences. The two species differ from Polyalthiopsis floribunda in having fewer flowers per inflorescence, longer linear petals and two ovules per carpel. On the basis of the combined molecular phylogenetic and morphological data, we propose two new combinations, Polyalthiopsis chinensis (S.K.Wu ex P.T.Li) B.Xue & Y.H.Tan and Polyalthiopsis verrucipes (C.Y.Wu ex P.T.Li) B.Xue & Y.H.Tan. The protologue of Polyalthia verrucipes did not include a description of the flowers, which we provide here. An updated description for the genus Polyalthiopsis and a key to species in the genus Polyalthiopsis is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myanmar is known for its high species richness of genus Gastrochilus; however, most of them lack proper information for taxonomic revision. During four years of field investigation in Myanmar, two new distributional records were encountered, namely, G. arunachalensis and G. corymbosus and one species, i.e. G. pechei was rediscovered after its original description. The three species were not easy to interpret from the available original descriptions and types due to severely shrunk or poorly preserved specimens. Therefore, we hereby present more detailed illustrations and updated descriptions for these species, based on freshly collected materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of Begonia (B. chenii, B. putaoensis and B. crassitepala) belonging to Begonia section Platycentrum and a supplementary description of B. rheophytica with a detailed description of female flowers from Putao, Kachin State, Northern Myanmar, are described and illustrated. All the new species are endemic to Northern Myanmar and can be easily distinguished from other species among the section Platycentrum. A detailed description, photographs, habitat, distribution and a comparison with the most related allied species for all new species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolophus odontochilus Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding, a new species from Northern Myanmar, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to M. linearis, but differs by having elliptic to oblong leaves (vs. linear-lanceolate to lanceolate), bilobed ligules (vs. entire), purely white corolla (vs. pinkish white), semi-orbicular crenate labellum (vs. trilobed). In addition, a diagnostic key to the new species of Monolophus and its closely related non-yellow flowered species is provided. New combinations are proposed here for Caulokaempferia phokhamii Picheans. & Douangde. and C. wongsuwaniae Picheans. & Douangde. from Laos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goniothalamus saccopetaloides Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang, a new species is described and illustrated from Laos. This species shows morphological similarities to G. yunnanensis W.T. Wang, but it differs from the latter by having almost fleshy, involute and saccate outer petals, subglobose monocarps, and single seeded monocarps. Goniothalamus cheliensis, and G. calvicarpus are new records for the Flora of Lao PDR. A key to Goniothalamus species indigenous to Laos is provided here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the course of a study of Amomum s.l. (Zingiberaceae) in Myanmar, Amomum schistocalyx Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, from Htamanti Wildlife Sanctuary, Sangaing Region of Northern Myanmar is described and illustrated as new to science here. Five taxa: A. yingjiangense S.Q. Tong & Y.M. Xia, A. carnosum V.P. Thomas & M. Sabu, A. tibeticum (T.L. Wu & S.J. Chen) X.E. Ye, L. Bai & N.H. Xia, Lanxangia scarlatina (H.T. Tsai & P.S. Chen) M.F. Newman & Škorničk, and Meistera yunnanensis (S.Q. Tong) Škorničk. & M.F. Newman, are newly recorded from Myanmar. The photographic illustrations, the distributions, and voucher specimens for each species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae), B. laotica (sect. Parvibegonia) and B. hypoleuca (sect. Reichenheimia), from north Laos are described and illustrated. Begonia augustinei, B. dryadis, B. lancangensis, B. sizemoreae and B. sillentensis subsp. mengyangensis were newly recorded taxa in Laos. Furthermore, an updated checklist of Begonia of Laos is also compiled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new species of Gesneriaceae from Yunnan, southwest China, are described and illustrated. They are Petrocosmea rhombifolia, Petrocosmea tsaii, Didymocarpus brevipedunculatus, and Henckelia xinpingensis. Diagnostic characters between the new species and their morphologically close relatives are provided. Their distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verdesmum menglaense (C. Chen & X. J. Cui) H. Ohashi & K. Ohashi is a rare species in the tribe Desmodieae (Fabaceae) from Southwest China. The morphological observation shows that the species has minute capitate stigma and ebracteolate calyces, which are entirely different from the funnel-shaped stigma and bracteolate calyces of the genus Verdesmum H. Ohashi & K. Ohashi, but are consistent with those of the genus Hylodesmum H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill. The generic placement of V. menglaense within Hylodesmum was further supported by molecular evidence. Therefore, this species should be returned to Hylodesmum as H. menglaense (C. Chen & X. J. Cui) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill. A full description including floral characters, a colour plate and a distribution map are first provided here for this species. After excluding the solo representative in China, Verdesmum should be removed from the record in Flora of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hiptage pauciflora Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang and Hiptage ferruginea Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang, two new species of Malpighiaceae from Yunnan, South-western China are here described and illustrated. Morphologically, H. pauciflora Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang is similar to H. benghalensis (L.) Kurz and H. multiflora F.N. Wei; H. ferruginea Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang is similar to H. calcicola Sirirugsa. The major differences amongst these species are outlined and discussed. A diagnostic key to the two new species of Hiptage and their closely related species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hedychium putaoense Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, a new species of Zingiberaceae from Putao, Kachin state, Northern Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is similar to H. densiflorum Wall. and H. longipedunculatum A.R.K. Sastry & D.M. Verma, but differs by its very small bract (4-6 × 2.5-3 mm vs. 18-19 × 5-5.5 mm and ca. 11 × 7 mm, respectively), semicircle and dark red bracteole, orange flower and broadly falcate to lanceolate lateral staminodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrobium naungmungense, a new species from Naungmung, Kachin State, North Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to D. ciliatilabellum and D. vexabile, but the epichile is oblong with three long-ciliate laminae and the column wing has significant denticulation. A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment shows that the new species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aristolochia sinoburmanica Y.H.Tan & B.Yang, a new species of Aristolochiaceae from Putao, Kachin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. According to morphology (strongly curved perianth, 3-lobed limb, as well as 3-lobed gynostemium, anthers 6, adnate in 3 pairs to the base of gynostemium, opposite to the lobes), the species belongs to Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia. It is morphologically similar to A. faviogonzalezii, A. hainanensis, A. tonkinensis, A. saccata and A. xuanlienensis. The major differences between them are outlined and discussed. A detailed description, along with line drawings, photographs, habitat, distribution and conservation status, as well as a comparison to morphologically similar species, are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trivalvaria rubra and Trivalvaria casseabriae, two new species of Annonaceae from Putao, Kachin State, Myanmar, are here described and illustrated. They are morphologically similar to T. costata and T. macrophylla. The major differences between them are outlined and discussed. A diagnostic key to the species of Trivalvaria is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coelogyne magnifica (Orchidaceae), a new species from Putao, Kachin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It belongs to Coelogyne section Ocellatae Pfitzer & Kraenzl. and it is morphologically similar to Coelogyne corymbosa and C. taronensis, but can be distinguished from these species by its larger flowers, lanceolate sepals and petals, a narrowly ovate lip, which has two bright yellow patches surrounded by shiny brownish red and two fimbriate or erose-lacerate lateral keels on the lip. The major differences between these species are outlined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phylogenetic analysis based on 18S nuclear ribosomal DNA and four plastid markers (atpB, matK, rbcL and trnLF) strongly supports the position of a new genus in Euphorbiaceae tribe Epiprineae (subfamily Acalyphoideae). Tsaiodendron dioicum gen. nov., sp. nov. is described and illustrated here as a new genus and species from Yunnan province, south-western China. The phylogenetic position of the new taxon is also supported by morphological and palynological evidence. Tsaiodendron is a distinct lineage sister to Cladogynos in tribe Epiprineae and is easily distinguished from related members of the tribe by the sexual system, inflorescence arrangement and presence of disc glands in the pistillate flower. Molecular divergence dating analysis based on matK, rbcL and trnL-F sequences suggests that Tsaiodendron originated in the late Miocene 10.42 Mya (95% HPD: 5.23--18.88 Mya). The origin of Tsaiodendron may be correlated with the Red River incision from south-western China. Tribe Epiprineae are shown to be monophyletic and phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trends in the sexual system are also discussed based on our phylogenetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]