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Remarkable progress has been made to understand the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of two-dimensional (2D) materials over the last two decades. The review summarized the state-of-the-art experimental synthesis and modelling and simulation on 2D materials CVD growth. Firstly, the family of 2D materials, and their CVD growth processes are introduced. Secondly, the experimental synthesis and modelling and simulation on graphene growth are discussed. In particular, the applications of reactive molecular dynamics methods, kinetic Monte Carlo and density-functional theory in 2D material growth are addressed. Then, the CVD growth of hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides are further discussed, focusing on the effects of reaction conditions (growth temperature, pressure, vapour-phase composition, etc.) on the domain morphologies, edge structures and grain boundaries of 2D materials. Last, conclusions and outlooks are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aimf of this study was to explore effects of miR-132 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) on learning and memory in mice. miR-132 inhibitor GSK-3β overexpression agent (sh-GSK-3β) and normal saline (negative control group) were injected into the hippocampus of adult mice, and healthy adult mice were taken as the unrelated control group. The expression of miR-132 and GSK-3β in the hippocampus of adult and elderly mice was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Morris water maze test was employed to detect learning and memory function in mice. The dual luciferase reporter was adopted to determine the relationship between miR-132 and GSK-3β. Compared with the adult group, the expression of miR-132 was significantly downregulated in the hippocampus in the elderly group, while the expression of GSK-3β was upregulated. Injecting miR-132 inhibitor into the hippocampus of adult mice led to a significant increase in escape latency and a significant decrease in the number of times of crossing platforms. The injection of GSK-3β overexpression agent into the hippocampus of adult mice resulted in a marked increase in escape latency and a significant decrease in the number of times of crossing platforms in the water maze test. It was also found that downregulation of GSK-3β reversed the decline in learning and memory in mice caused by downregulation of miR-132 expression. The dual luciferase report identified a targeted regulatory relationship between miR-132 and GSK-3β. Overexpression of miR-132 can inhibit the expression of GSK-3β in mouse learning and memory ability, which provides some inspiration for understanding the occurrence of learning and memory disorders and future treatment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematologic malignancies are the most common hematopoietic diseases and a major public health concern. However, the mechanisms underlying myeloid tumors remain unknown owing to the intricate interplay between mutations and diverse clonal evolution patterns, as evidenced by the analysis of bulk cell‐derived omics data. Several single‐cell omics techniques have been used to characterize the hierarchies and altered immune microenvironments of hematologic malignancies. The comprehensive single‐cell atlas of hematologic malignancies provides novel opportunities for personalized combinatorial targeted treatments, avoiding unwanted chemo‐toxicity. In the present study, we performed transcriptome sequencing by combining single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) with a targeted oncogenic gene panel for acute myeloid leukemia, overcoming the limitations of scRNA‐seq in detecting oncogenic mutations. The distribution of oncogenic IDH1, IDH2, and KRAS mutations in each cell type was identified in the bone marrow (BM) samples of each patient. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis and metabolic reprogramming are involved in the tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance of oncogenic mutation‐carrying cells. Biological progression via IDH1, IDH2, and KRAS mutations arrests hematopoietic maturation. Our study findings provide a rationale for using primary BM cells for personalized treatment in clinical settings. Significance statement: The co‐occurrence of mutations in leukemia cells poses challenges in comprehending the occurrence and progression of leukemia, thereby impeding the adoption of personalized therapeutic approaches. By employing transcriptome sequencing that integrates single‐cell RNA sequencing with a targeted oncogenic gene panel, it becomes possible to identify oncogenic mutations at the individual cell level. This approach enhances our comprehension of disease heterogeneity, disease evolution, novel targeted treatment possibilities, and resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, our investigation revealed a correlation between IDH1/2 and KRAS mutations and the processes of ferroptosis and metabolic reprogramming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manual peeling of Poria cocos has low efficiency and large loss, and other peeling methods are not suitable for Poria cocos peeling. To solve this problem, this study designed and fabricated a set of automatic peeling equipment for Poria cocos, which combined image processing technology with the structure and function of the vertical milling machine. This paper mainly reports the image detection algorithm of Poria cocos epidermis position for automatic peeling. Firstly, the blue marks were glued to the movable and the immovable parts of clamping parts, and the initial window was determined through them. Then, the grayscale image within the initial window was obtained with the help of the chromatic aberration |2r－g－b| (red (r), green (g), blue (b) of pixels). The processing window was calculated with the aid of the distribution graph of the grayscale accumulation. Next, the grayscale image was taken into the process of the automatic binarization based on the Otsu method and the binary image was restored through dilation, erosion and denoising algorithm. Finally, pixel columns in the processing window were scanned column-by-column from the left to the right and the direction of each pixel column is from the bottom to the top. The first pixel with a value of 0 on each pixel column was set as the epidermis position of the current pixel column. The experiment results implied that, under the set light source, the average detection accuracy was 98.8%, and the average time to detect epidermis position once was 0.024 s. The detection accuracy and real-time performance of this algorithm meets the actual operation requirements of Poria cocos peeling. It lays the foundation for the automatic peeling operation of Poria cocos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A colon tumor, one of the digestive tract malignant tumors, is harmful to human health. A potential new treatment still deserves attention. The development of a new drug needs more resources, including time and expense. Therefore, the old drug with new targets has become a current research hotspot. Fluvoxamine, as an antidepressant, could play an effect on inhibiting 5‐hydroxytryptamine reuptake. In the present research, the antitumor effects and possible mechanisms of fluvoxamine are validated. The results showed that fluvoxamine significantly suppressed the migration and proliferation of tumor cells, and increased the apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, fluvoxamine significantly delays tumor development, and prompts the apoptosis in tumor tissues of mice‐burdened colon tumors in vivo. The tumor suppression might be related with that fluvoxamine inhibits the expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and cleaved‐caspase 3. Importantly, fluvoxamine significantly reduces the expression level of programmed cell death ligand 1. This could be a possible reason that treatment with fluvoxamine drives the infiltration of T lymphocytes and M1‐type macrophages in tumor tissues. Taken together, this research suggests that fluvoxamine might be a promising drug to treat colon cancer by inhibiting the proliferation and migration, inducing apoptosis, and even increasing the immune response of antitumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological function and prognostic significance of C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are unclear. CLEC12A transcriptional expression in a variety of tumors from several public databases was collected and compared. We found that CLEC12A was highly expressed in AML cell lines and in tissues from AML patients and a higher CLEC12A expression in leukemia stem cells. CLEC12A low expression was associated with poor prognosis in the chemotherapy-only group and high CLEC12A expression may benefit from autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CLEC12A expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of type 2 macrophages and monocytes and negatively associated with NK cells and regulatory T cells in AML. CLEC12A high was positively associated with immune checkpoint genes as well as macrophage associated genes. CLEC12A is an ideal chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy target for AML and its expression level was closely linked to treatment response and patients' survival outcome. CLEC12A plays an important immunomodulatory role in AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Within 50 % stress-strength ratio has an inhibitory effect on the erosion of the CGBB. • The erosion products increased the compactness of CGBB in the early stage, and worsen the structure of CGBB in the later stage. • Established a strain gauge-ultrasonic-resistivity composite monitoring system to monitor damage changes during erosion. • A certain compressive stress could slow down the erosion mechanism of CGBB. The durability of backfill body is very important to maintain the stability of goaf. To explore the long-term strength and deformation characteristics of backfill body under the coupling action of load and salt erosion, the cemented gangue backfill body (CGBB) under different compressive stress levels was eroded in MgSO 4 solution for 210 days. The ultrasonic and resistivity changes of CGBB at different ages were monitored and the microstructure of CGBB was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the compressive strength of CGBB increased with the rise of compressive stress level, and the compressive strength of the eroded specimens was less than that of the not eroded specimens. The deformation of CGBB increased with the increase of time and compressive stress level, and there was still a certain increase in the later deformation of the eroded CGBB. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of eroded CGBB can be divided into three stages: rapid growth, slow growth and gradual decrease. The resistivity of the eroded CGBB decreased rapidly in the early stage, and then increases slowly. The greater the compressive stress is, the smaller the growth rate is. By analyzing microstructure, the formation of expansion products changed the compactness of CGBB in different erosion stages, and the compressive stress within 50 % stress-strength ratio inhibited the erosion of CGBB. The research results can provide reference for the design of backfill body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]