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High-frequency coherent acoustic phonons hold immense value in characterizing the coupling between magnetic, lattice, and electronic properties, offering nanometer-scale spatial resolution within the ultrafast timescale. However, efficiently propagating intense sub-THz coherent acoustic phonons across diverse materials remains a formidable challenge. Here, we demonstrate that using vanadium dioxide (VO2) as a transducer can induce enhanced coherent acoustic pulses that propagate efficiently (∼90%) into TiO2 due to excellent acoustic impedance matching and minor lattice interface mismatch compared with traditional metals such as Pt, Au, and Cu. Employing time-resolved pump–probe reflectivity spectroscopy, we observe pronounced coherent phonon oscillations reaching up to 0.164 THz from the longitudinal acoustic mode along the c axis in VO2/TiO2. Furthermore, the temperature and pump fluence dependence of the coherent phonon oscillation signals suggest that the metallic state of VO2 responds to these large coherent acoustic phonons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The room temperature gas sensor has attracted sufficient attention due to the fact that low-power products are more suitable for practical environments. However, developing gas sensors with low detection limits remains challenging. In this paper, a room-temperature sensor was prepared by in situ growth of WO 3 nanospheres on SnO 2 inverse opal (IO) by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) method, detecting ppb level of ammonia. The WO 3 nanospheres are directly fabricated on IO, and their elemental composition, morphology and structure is characterized using XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that WO 3 nanospheres have been prepared on SnO 2 IO successfully. It showes that the WO 3 /SnO 2 (WS) type sensor has a detection limit as low as 1 ppb at room temperature from the gas sensitivity data. In addition, the sensor's response value to 100 ppm NH 3 reached 65 %. Its excellent sensing performance depends on the distinctive morphology features of WO 3 and SnO 2. The hierarchical characteristic effectively enhances the sensing performance for NH 3. Consequently, this presents a feasible solution for fabricating the room temperature NH 3 sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No large-scale characterizations of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and cognitive outcomes have been conducted in community-dwelling non-Hispanic Blacks. Objective: This study aims to enhance the application of blood biomarkers, in particular NfL, to ethno-racially diverse communities. We assess the association of NfL with cognitive outcomes, hypothesizing that NfL can identify cognitive changes regardless of diagnostic category. Methods: Baseline data were analyzed among n = 283 non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) from the multi-ethnic Health and Aging Brain Study- Health Disparities (HABS-HD). Plasma NfL was measured on the Simoa platform. Linear regression models were conducted, covarying for age, gender, and education. Results: The majority of study participants (72%) were cognitively unimpaired (CU), with 21% having mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 6.7% with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In adjusted models among the entire sample, significant associations existed between NfL and Trails A (p < 0.0001), Trails B (p < 0.0001), phonemic (FAS) and semantic (Animals) fluency (p = 0.03), and Symbol Digit Substitution (p < 0.001). When separated by diagnostic classification, significant associations were removed for functions involving executive functions for all diagnostic groups. Higher levels of NfL were positively associated with cognitive diagnosis, older age, and less education. Conclusions: Plasma NfL levels are significantly associated with measures of executive functioning, which elucidate NfL as a non-specific marker of neurodegeneration associated with efficiency of brain functions involving attention, processing, and generativity. NfL may be a sensitive measure for the detection of alterations in cognitive processing before the onset of phenotypic functional changes of neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has recently been found that magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) paste coating applied on the surface of steel reinforcement can effectively retard the onset of corrosion and suppress corrosion reactions. However, the fast-setting nature of MKPC—which is a merit in repair—can be problematic in a practical engineering process of coating the steel reinforcement with MKPC paste. To address this problem, boric acid (H3BO3) was added as a retarder in an MKPC formulation to prolong the setting time. This work investigated the impact of boric acid (at 5% by weight of MgO) on the anti-corrosion performance of MKPC paste coating through a series of electrochemical (EC) tests. The results showed that the anti-corrosion performance of MKPC paste coating for a mild steel bar could be interfered with by the presence of boric acid. In the same testing situation (immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl corrosion solution), the polarization resistance and corrosion current density of the group including boric acid were inferior and exceeded the corrosion thresholds prior to the control group without boric acid. Meanwhile, the time constant phase in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 10 kHz was rarely observed, implying that the presence of boric acid probably impaired the formation of the passivation layer. This decrease in anti-corrosion performance of MKPC paste coating could be related to the larger volume fraction of pores in the range from 0.1 to 10 µm that are formed during the initial stage of coating formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gear tooth spalling is a typical tooth surface defects in gear transmission. The accurate calculation of the time-varying mesh stiffness of the gear pair with spalling defect under mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) plays an important role in tooth damage prediction and fault feature analysis. In this work, an improved time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) model of spalling faulty gear in mixed EHL line contact considering the coupled effect of rough surface topography is established. The proposed model considers the combined effect of spalling defect, surface roughness topography, and lubrication on the contact characteristics of the meshing interface to obtain a revised contact stiffness, which is further used to determine the comprehensive TVMS. The cylindrical contact coefficient for curved meshing interface with spalling fault is derived and incorporated into the statistical micro-contact Greenwood and Williamson model (GW model) to obtain the asperity contact stiffness. The revised contact stiffness at the rough faulty gear interface is obtained from the parallel action of the asperity contact stiffness and oil film stiffness under load-sharing concept. The dynamic responses of the gear system are analyzed using the established mesh stiffness model through the six degrees of freedom translational-torsional dynamic model, in which the dynamic meshing force is calculated iteratively using the transit surface topography and geometrical parameters along the line of contact instead of a quasi-static meshing force. Effects of multi-parameters as surface roughness, spalling fault size, and lubricant on the mesh characteristics and dynamic responses of the gear system are further investigated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The underlying mechanism by which lupus nephritis (LN) progresses to chronic kidney disease remains elusive. Fibrosis is a hallmark feature of chronic kidney disease, including LN. The chronicity index (CI) score, which incorporates glomerular sclerosis, fibrous crescents, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis, summarizes the extent of kidney tissue fibrosis. Method: In this study, we employed label-free quantitative proteomics based on mass spectrometry to generate kidney protein profiles with varying CI scores. Results: A total of 98 proteins exhibiting linear correlation with CI scores were initially screened out by linear model (CI linearly related proteins), and subsequently, 12 key proteins were derived based on the CI linearly related proteins using Cytohubba. LN patients were stratified into two subtypes based on CI scores and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. These subtypes exhibited significant disparities in immune infiltration and molecular pathways. The high EMT group exhibited heightened activation of immune cells, such as memory B cells, gamma delta T cells, and resting mast cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) uncovered substantial dysregulation in critical biological processes and signaling pathways, including NF-κB, JNK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, lipoprotein biosynthetic process, and endocytosis, in both subgroups. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study establishes molecular subgroups based on the CI score, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing chronicity in the kidneys of diverse LN patients. Key Points • Fibrosis is a fundamental and characteristic pathological process underlying the NIH-CI in LN. • Different EMT status presented variant clinical characteristics, immune features in LN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermoelectric properties of monolayered MnBi2Te4 are investigated using first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and Boltzmann transport theory. Our research indicates significant thermoelectric performance in monolayered MnBi2Te4, with a maximum figure of merit (zT$zT$) and power factor (PF${\mathrm{PF}}$) ranging from approximately 3.58 to 9.267 and 0.012 W/K2m${\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{K}}^2{\mathrm{\ m}}$ to 0.021 W/K2m${\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{K}}^2{\mathrm{\ m}}$ across a temperature range of 300–700 K. The exceptional thermoelectric performance of monolayered MnBi2Te4 can be attributed to its unique structural and electronic properties, which lead to ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and high electrical transport properties. Ultralow lattice thermal conductivity as low as 0.32W/mK$0.32\ {\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{m\ K}}$ at 300 K is found in the monolayered MnBi2Te4, which is mainly contributed from the anharmonic scatterings of low‐frequency phonons. And high electronic conductivity and a notable Seebeck coefficient are also observed in our system, which has close relationship with its distinctive electronic band structure. Besides, the two‐dimensional structure makes it a great candidate to holding greater PF by enhancing the quantum confinement. Our findings may lay a strong theoretical groundwork for future experimental inquiries. Subsequent experimental investigations will be crucial to confirm these findings, refine synthesis methods, and explore the practical applications of monolayered MnBi2Te4 in thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Established a multi-stress acceleration model that accounts for the generalized coupling among stresses. • Introduced the MSGC-TED process to characterize the relationship between stress and degradation behavior. • Employed both V -optimization and D -optimization for a multi-decision optimized design of experiments. • Incorporated the relationship between energy and instrument wear costs and the levels of accelerated stress into the test cost constraints. In the operational environment of electronic products, simultaneous multiple stresses contribute to product degradation, with their interactions often being intricate. To effectively analyze and optimize multi-stress accelerated degradation tests, we introduce a Multi-Stress Generalized Coupling accelerated degradation model based on the Tweedie exponential dispersion process, coupled with a multi-decision optimization approach for test design. The model integrates stress interactions elucidated through fuzzy correlation analysis, reflecting the accelerated degradation behavior consistent with the Tweedie exponential dispersion process. Addressing the complexities of multi-parameter estimation, we propose a parameter estimation method underpinned by the Sine Cosine Algorithm for multi-objective optimization within the proposed framework. Considering budgetary constraints, D -optimization and V -optimization strategies are deployed to finetune test scheme allocations, optimizing resource utilization. Validation through a three-stress accelerated degradation test on LED chips confirms the model's efficacy in reliability assessment. Our findings indicate the superior descriptive power of the Tweedie exponential dispersion model for complex degradation phenomena and the proposed model's closer approximation to stress conditions in real-world settings, with a methodological error maintained below 2 %. Furthermore, the test optimization method enhances the D -optimization and V -optimization objective values by 21.20 % and reduces them by 4.08 %, respectively, marking a substantial improvement over traditional schemes and endorsing the holistic advancement of multi-stress accelerated degradation testing methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2)-containing sediments is crucial for the implementation of carbon dioxide storage in the ocean. Current research overlooks the effects of non-uniform deformation on the evaluation of mechanical properties in triaxial tests. In this study, a triaxial testing system equipped with digital image technology of the specimen global surface was used to test the triaxial behaviors of Bohai sand containing CO2 - CO2 hydrates. On this basis, the strain localization, shear band formation, and evolution behavior of the CO2-bearing sediments were analyzed, according to the surface deformation of the triaxial specimens. The results show that the mean values of axial strain, lateral strain, and volumetric strain of CDBS specimens are higher than the global values. The local destructive stress and the local effective internal friction angle φ of the specimens are smaller than the global values. The sample’s shear bands may be generated multiple times and are negatively correlated with the mean stress σm. This study concluded that the global stress-strain curves overestimated the strength of the CDBS samples and underestimated the deformation of the samples. This was due to the inhomogeneous deformation of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONThis study offers a comprehensive review of academic performance measurement instruments in physical activity and education settings, aiming to provide a comprehensive list of tools used for measuring academic performance in relation to variables associated with physical activity.Academic performance outcomes, including cognitive skills, attitudes, academic achievement, and academic behavior categorized by CDC, were investigated using specific keywords in search engines between 2000 and June 2022, with 233 articles (describing 220 studies) included.Participant demographics, mainly elementary students, displayed variability. The review found that 37.3% of studies measured cognitive skills and attitudes (primarily attention), 57.3% assessed academic achievement (GPA, subject scores, or standardized tests), and 15.9% evaluated academic behaviors (mostly on‐task/off‐task behaviors). Various instruments were employed, notably those measuring attention, intelligence, memory, and attitude. Positive associations were found in 63.4%, 78.6%, and 85.7% of studies for cognitive skills, academic achievement, and academic behavior, respectively.This literature review highlights the prevalence of studies on academic achievement, diverse cognitive skills instruments, and a focus on attention. Despite predominantly positive relationships, some studies reported non‐significant or negative associations, particularly for cognitive skills. Future research should emphasize these areas using reliable instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adequate sleep and rest are essential for patient recovery; however, lack of sleep has become a common problem faced by Chinese patients during hospital stays. Reduced sleep is often associated with a higher risk of disease progression and is strongly associated with increased hospital stay. However, there is no specific tool in China to assess short-term insomnia caused by hospitalization. This study aimed to translate the Hospital-acquired Insomnia Scale (HAIS) into Chinese, test its applicability to Chinese inpatients through reliability and validity indicators, and investigate the potential influencing factors of hospital-acquired insomnia. Methods: Psychometric analysis from a sample of 679 hospitalized patients to whom the HAIS questionnaire was applied. The structural validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the content validity of the scale was assessed using the content validity index. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half reliability and test–retest reliability were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of the scale. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the potential correlates of hospital-acquired insomnia. Results: EFA supported a four-factor structure with factor loadings for all dimensions greater than 0.40. CFA showed good indicators of model fit. The content validity index of the scale was 0.94. the Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.915, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.819, and the retest reliability was 0.844. Gender, age, total hours of sleep during the night, medical insurance, length of hospital stay, perceived stress level, and perceptions about sleep explained 46.2% of the variance in hospital-acquired insomnia. Conclusion: The Chinese version of HAIS has good psychometric characteristics and is an effective instrument for evaluating hospital-acquired insomnia. In addition, hospital-acquired insomnia is more common in women, of younger age, less than 5 h of sleep a night, without medical insurance, stressed, and patients with more misconceptions about sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the balance between a city’s physical and socioeconomic environmental development is crucial for creating sustainable and livable urban spaces. Although they might appear contradictory, they jointly support the comprehensive sustainable urban development strategy. Traditional methods usually focus on assessing this balance from a specific perspective, such as how neighborhood greenery shapes real estate value. Yet, they fail to deliver a holistic balance assessment in developing the physical and socioeconomic dimensions. To fill this gap, this study introduces a research framework that measures this balance through house prices based on transferred bias. Using house price as an indicator shaped by both physical and socioeconomic environments, the framework first constructs a series of deep learning models to estimate house prices through street view images for each city. These models capture the relationship between neighborhood appearance and house price. Second, by leveraging transfer inference, we introduce neighborhood appearance from one city into the model trained from another city. This process identifies the transferred bias, which is the disparity between inaccurate inference resulting from a mismatched neighborhood appearance and the trained model. Through transferred bias, we can quantify the differences in physical and socioeconomic environments across cities and evaluate the urban balances of these two environments. The results show that the transferred bias effectively quantifies the disparities among cities in physical and socioeconomic environments, thereby facilitating further investigation into the urban balance between these two environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational methods provide effective tools for the prediction of the curing behavior of composites, especially for large‐scale complex composite structures. The flow‐compaction analysis during curing receives insufficient attention in current studies. In this work, an integrated framework considering the heat transfer, the cross‐linking reaction, the flow and compaction, and the stress–strain module is established. A comprehensive resin flow termination criterion is proposed. L‐shaped composites with a stacking layer of [45/90/−45/0]s were fabricated, and the good agreement between the experimentally measured and the numerically predicted contour data validated the current model. Compared with Hubert's model, the prediction accuracy of the thickness and fiber volume content increases by 4.24% and 3.92%, respectively. Correlation analysis between the fiber volume ratio predicted by numerical methods and experimental results (94% for this method, −41% for Hubert's model) demonstrates the well‐capture of nonuniform fiber distribution in curved composites for the current strategy. The overall framework provides an accurate and promising tool for the prediction of the curing behavior of complex composite components. Highlights: An integrated numerical methodology is proposed considering the resin flow and compaction.The viscosity‐temperature coupled feature of resin is considered in the permeability coefficients.A comprehensive resin flow termination criterion is proposed for an accurate prediction.The resin content, thickness, and spring‐in angle of L‐shaped laminates are characterized.The good correlation between the experimental and numerical results validates this method.Compared with the model proposed by Hubert, the prediction accuracy improves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-expression is a special kind of human emotion. Due to its characteristics of short time, low intensity, and local region, micro-expression recognition is a difficult task. At the same time, it is a natural, spontaneous, and unconcealable emotion that can well convey a person's actual psychological state and, therefore, has certain research value and practical significance. This paper focuses on micro-expression recognition in the field of deep learning through the survey and understanding of existing micro-expression recognition research, as well as grasping the research trend, for the previous literature on micro-expression review ignored the handcrafted features as an important part of the micro-expression recognition framework, and at the same time lacked the analysis of the various enhancement processing, a new micro-expression recognition framework based on deep learning is proposed. The model is designed from the perspective of modularity and streaming data. On the other hand, unlike the previous process of feeding the data directly into the network for training and recognition, the handcrafted features are used as the initial encoding of the micro-expression recognition data, followed by the training and learning of the deep model and at the same time the modular embedding approach is used to incorporate the feature enhancement module, and finally the classification and recognition. The article provides a detailed summary and analysis of each part of the whole framework and a comprehensive introduction to the current problems, experimental protocols, evaluation metrics, and application areas. Finally, it summarizes and gives possible future research directions. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of micro-expression recognition in deep learning so that the related personnel can have a new understanding of the development of this field. On the other hand, it proposes a new recognition framework that also provides a reference for the researchers' later research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parturition is an inflammation process. Exaggerated inflammatory reactions in infection lead to preterm birth. Although nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has been recognized as a classical transcription factor mediating inflammatory reactions, those mediated by NF-κB per se are relatively short-lived. Therefore, there may be other transcription factors involved to sustain NF-κB-initiated inflammatory reactions in gestational tissues in infection-induced preterm birth. Methods: Cebpd-deficient mice were generated to investigate the role of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preterm birth, and the contribution of fetal and maternal C/EBPδ was further dissected by transferring Cebpd−/− or WT embryos to Cebpd−/− or WT dams. The effects of C/EBPδ pertinent to parturition were investigated in mouse and human myometrial and amnion cells. The interplay between C/EBPδ and NF-κB was examined in cultured human amnion fibroblasts. Results: The mouse study showed that LPS-induced preterm birth was delayed by Cebpd deficiency in either the fetus or the dam, with further delay being observed in conceptions where both the dam and the fetus were deficient in Cebpd. Mouse and human studies showed that the abundance of C/EBPδ was significantly increased in the myometrium and fetal membranes in infection-induced preterm birth. Furthermore, C/EBPδ participated in LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as genes pertinent to myometrial contractility and fetal membrane activation in the myometrium and amnion respectively. A mechanistic study in human amnion fibroblasts showed that C/EBPδ, upon induction by NF-κB, could serve as a supplementary transcription factor to NF-κB to sustain the expression of genes pertinent to parturition. Conclusions: C/EBPδ is a transcription factor to sustain the expression of gene initiated by NF-κB in the myometrium and fetal membranes in infection-induced preterm birth. Targeting C/EBPδ may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of infection-induced preterm birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human action recognition based on graph convolutional networks (GCNs) is one of the hotspots in computer vision. However, previous methods generally rely on handcrafted graph, which limits the effectiveness of the model in characterising the connections between indirectly connected joints. The limitation leads to weakened connections when joints are separated by long distances. To address the above issue, the authors propose a skeleton simplification method which aims to reduce the number of joints and the distance between joints by merging adjacent joints into simplified joints. Group convolutional block is devised to extract the internal features of the simplified joints. Additionally, the authors enhance the method by introducing multi‐scale modelling, which maps inputs into sequences across various levels of simplification. Combining with spatial temporal graph convolution, a multi‐scale skeleton simplification GCN for skeleton‐based action recognition (M3S‐GCN) is proposed for fusing multi‐scale skeleton sequences and modelling the connections between joints. Finally, M3S‐GCN is evaluated on five benchmarks of NTU RGB+D 60 (C‐Sub, C‐View), NTU RGB+D 120 (X‐Sub, X‐Set) and NW‐UCLA datasets. Experimental results show that the authors' M3S‐GCN achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with the accuracies of 93.0%, 97.0% and 91.2% on C‐Sub, C‐View and X‐Set benchmarks, which validates the effectiveness of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the vast majority of photovoltaic (PV) power generation linked to the grid, the mainstream maximum power point tracking control cannot provide effective inertia support capability for the system. This paper examines the inertia source and action rules of three typical grid-tied photovoltaic systems under generalized sag control at the physical mechanism level, using the theory of the static synchronous generator model as a guide. It is found that the PV system under generalized sag is also capable of supporting the system through inertia. The boost converter, direct current bus capacitor, and inverter all contribute to the inertia capability of the PV system, but it is necessary to couple the control of the responding link with the grid frequency. The closer the action link is to the grid, the faster the speed of the corresponding grid frequency, but the weaker the inertia effect is provided to the system. The accuracy of the aforementioned analysis is confirmed by the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel Particle Swarm Optimization (RLPSO) algorithm based on reinforcement learning, embodying a fundamental symmetry between global and local search processes. This symmetry aims at addressing the trade-off issue between convergence speed and diversity in traditional algorithms. Traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms often struggle to maintain good convergence speed and particle diversity when solving multi-modal function problems. To tackle this challenge, we propose a new algorithm that incorporates the principles of reinforcement learning, enabling particles to intelligently learn and adjust their behavior for better convergence speed and richer exploration of the search space. This algorithm guides particle learning behavior through online updating of a Q-table, allowing particles to selectively learn effective information from other particles and dynamically adjust their strategies during the learning process, thus finding a better balance between convergence speed and diversity. The results demonstrate the superior performance of this algorithm on 16 benchmark functions of the CEC2005 test suite compared to three other algorithms. The RLPSO algorithm can find all global optimum solutions within a certain error range on all 16 benchmark functions, exhibiting outstanding performance and better robustness. Additionally, the algorithm's performance was tested on 13 benchmark functions from CEC2017, where it outperformed six other algorithms by achieving the minimum value on 11 benchmark functions. Overall, the RLPSO algorithm shows significant improvements and advantages over traditional PSO algorithms in aspects such as local search strategy, parameter adaptive adjustment, convergence speed, and multi-modal problem handling, resulting in better performance and robustness in solving optimization problems. This study provides new insights and methods for the further development of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Laminoplasty (LP) combined with C3 laminectomy (LN) can effectively achieve spinal cord decompression while maintaining the integrity of the posterior ligament-muscle complex, thereby minimizing cervical muscle damage. However, its necessity and safety remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of LP and LP combined with C3 LN in the treatment of patients with multilevel degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy (DCM). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception through December 2023 and updated in February 2024. Search terms included laminoplasty, laminectomy, C3 and degenerative cervical spondylosis. The literature search yielded 14 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Outcomes included radiographic results, neck pain, neurologic function, surgical parameters, and postoperative complications. We also assessed methodologic quality, publication bias, and quality of evidence. Results: Fourteen studies were identified, including 590 patients who underwent LP combined with C3 LN (modified group, MG) compared to 669 patients who underwent LP (traditional group, TG). The results of the study indicated a statistically significant improvement in cervical range of motion (WMD = 3.62, 95% CI: 0.39 to 6.85) and cervical sagittal angle (WMD = 2.07, 95% CI: 0.40 to 3.74) in the MG compared to the TG at the last follow-up (very low-level evidence). The TG had a higher number of patients with complications, especially C2-3 bone fusion. There was no significant difference found in improvement of neck pain, JOA, NDI, cSVA, T1 slope at latest follow-up. Conclusion: LP combined with C3 LN is an effective and necessary surgical method for multilevel DCM patients to maintain cervical sagittal balance. However, due to the low quality of evidence in existing studies, more and higher quality research on the technology is needed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-heterocycles with quinoline structures hold significant importance within the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, achieving their efficient transformations remains a vital yet challenging endeavor. Herein, a series of W-doped Ga2O3-NC catalysts were synthesized using a Ga-MOF-derived strategy through a simple solvothermal method, with a remarkably high activity and selectivity towards the oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles. Furthermore, the MOF-derived W-doped Ga2O3-NC catalysts exhibit remarkable substrate tolerance and recyclability. The outstanding catalytic activity was attributed to the robust synergistic interaction between the W species and the Ga2O3-NC carrier, which facilitates the activation of hydrogen atoms in the C-H and C=N bonds on both the oxygen molecule and the substrate to produce H2O2. Additionally, the solvent effect of methanol can significantly enhance dehydrogenation due to its strong ability to donate and accept protons of hydrogen bonding. The present work provides a new approach to MOF-derived non-precious metal catalysts for achieving the efficient oxidation dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superficial white matter (SWM) consists of numerous short‐range association fibers connecting adjacent and nearby gyri and plays an important role in brain function, development, aging, and various neurological disorders. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography is an advanced imaging technique that enables in vivo mapping of the SWM. However, detailed imaging of the small, highly‐curved fibers of the SWM is a challenge for current clinical and research dMRI acquisitions. This work investigates the efficacy of mapping the SWM using in vivo ultra‐high‐resolution dMRI data. We compare the SWM mapping performance from two dMRI acquisitions: a high‐resolution 0.76‐mm isotropic acquisition using the generalized slice‐dithered enhanced resolution (gSlider) protocol and a lower resolution 1.25‐mm isotropic acquisition obtained from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult (HCP‐YA) database. Our results demonstrate significant differences in the cortico‐cortical anatomical connectivity that is depicted by these two acquisitions. We perform a detailed assessment of the anatomical plausibility of these results with respect to the nonhuman primate (macaque) tract‐tracing literature. We find that the high‐resolution gSlider dataset is more successful at depicting a large number of true positive anatomical connections in the SWM. An additional cortical coverage analysis demonstrates significantly higher cortical coverage in the gSlider dataset for SWM streamlines under 40 mm in length. Overall, we conclude that the spatial resolution of the dMRI data is one important factor that can significantly affect the mapping of SWM. Considering the relatively long acquisition time, the application of dMRI tractography for SWM mapping in future work should consider the balance of data acquisition efforts and the efficacy of SWM depiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate identification of structural displacements is important for structural state assessment and performance evaluation. This paper proposes a real-time structural displacement detection model based on computer vision and deep learning. The model consists of three stages: identification, tracking, and displacement resolution. First, the displacement target is identified and tracked by the improved YOLO v7 algorithm and the improved DeepSORT algorithm. Then, the Euclidean distance method based on inverse perspective mapping (IPM-ED) is proposed for the analytical conversion of the displacement. Next, the accuracy and effectiveness of this displacement detection model are evaluated through four groups of bamboo axial compression tests. A comparative analysis is conducted between the IPM-ED displacement analysis method and the commonly used ED displacement analysis method. Finally, the robustness of this method is tested by using a cable breakage test of a cable dome structure as an application case. The research results demonstrate that the maximum average error of the four groups of bamboo displacement tests is only 3.10 mm, and the maximum relative error of peak displacement is only 6.54 mm. The RMSE basically stays around 3.5 mm. The maximum displacement error in the application case is only 4.91 mm, with a maximum MAPE of 4.94%. In addition, the error percentage under the IPM-ED algorithm is basically within 5%, while the error percentage of the ED algorithm is more than 10%. The method in this paper achieves efficient and intelligent identification of structural displacements in a non-contact manner. The proposed method is suitable for environments where the contact displacement sensor is easily affected by vibration, the site is complex and requires additional displacement sensor fixing equipment, the displacement sensor with super-high structure is unsafe to deploy, and the contact displacement sensor in narrow space is inconvenient to deploy, so it has broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TEC (tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma) family kinases, an important class of protein kinases, play key roles in cell signaling and immune regulation. In this review, the association between the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and the structure and regulatory mechanisms of TEC family kinases in normal physiological processes, is explored. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications of TEC kinases and their inhibitors are highlighted by summarizing current insights into their mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and recent advancements in TEC kinase inhibitor research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal insulation devices play an extremely important role in enhancing microwave heating efficiency. However, existing wave-transparent insulation materials often exhibit high heat storage, low microwave transmittance at high temperatures, and poor oxidation and thermal shock resistance, hindering high-temperature applications for microwave sintering. To address this issue, we developed an ultralight and wave-transparent BN@SiO 2 aerogel, which was fabricated through the in situ growth of SiO 2 on the surfaces of BN fibers. The resulting composite aerogel demonstrated excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance and an impressively low density of 0.07 g/cm3. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the BN@SiO 2 aerogel ranged from 2.58 to 2.80, and its dielectric loss tangent was as low as 5.13 × 10−3–7.98 × 10−3 within the 2–10 GHz frequency range. The successful synthesis of BN@SiO 2 aerogel provides new progress and research ideas for the development of wave transparent and thermal insulation materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barium fluoride (BaF2) scintillators are known for their various applications in high-energy particle detection due to their ultrafast scintillation component that lies within the deep ultraviolet spectral band. However, their slow scintillation component can cause issues in high-rate applications. The slow component can be suppressed by ion-doping, whereas the fast component should be enhanced to further improve the performance of BaF2 scintillators. Here, we utilize photonic crystal structures to selectively enhance the deep ultraviolet fast component of BaF2 scintillators. The photonic crystal structures, composed of hollow shell arrays, are designed to selectively couple with the fast component via surface lattice resonances. An enhancement with a ratio of 1.69 in the light output of the fast component is achieved without affecting the slow component. In addition to the applications on BaF2 scintillators, we anticipate that this light manipulation approach, which selectively enhances emission at specific deep ultraviolet band, could be expanded to other important fields, such as deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing work safety behaviors among Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Suppliers (SMMs) is crucial for establishing a more secure and efficient supply chain. Since the foundation of safety lies in positive prevention, it is crucial that SMMs adopt proactive and pro-social work safety behaviors that transcend mere compliance with standard regulations. Present-day diversified supply chain safety management apply varying degrees of pressures on SMMs. The effectiveness of such pressures, as well as their potential to spawn advanced safety behaviors in SMMs, is a matter of investigation. This research investigates the impact of Supply Chain Safety Management Pressure(SCSMP) on the SMMs’ Work Safety Behaviors(WSB). A theoretical framework is constructed, grounded in institutional theory and theory of planned behavior, which earmarks three distinct dimensions of SCSMP: Coercive Pressure(CP), Mimetic Pressure(MP), and Normative Pressure(NP). The survey of 265 SMMs facilitated an assessment of the SMMs’ Willingness for Responses(WR), which includes their Willingness for Adaptive Responses(WAR) and Willingness for Co-creative Responses(WCR). Subsequently, the resulting WSB entail Safety Compliance Behavior(SCB), Proactive Safety Behavior(PSB), and Pro-social Safety Behavior(PsSB). Among these, SCB is categorized as a basic safety behavior, while PSB and PsSB which emphasize voluntary, active, and cooperative actions, are classified as advanced safety behaviors. Our research findings underscore the substantial influence of the SCSMP in shaping WSB. WR serves as a critical intermediary, connecting external pressures with internal organizational practices. In particular, WCR is instrumental in the formation of advanced safety behavior. The theoretical contribution of this research is manifested in its enhancement of our comprehension regarding the determinants of WSB among SMMs. Furthermore, it addresses the literature gap in elucidating the effectiveness of supply chain safety management and the mechanisms behind the formation of WSB. The practical significance lies in elevating the overall safety standards throughout the supply chain and minimizing safety-related hazards among SMMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a vital post-transcriptional regulator, is among the most prevalent RNA modifications in eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the biological functions of m6A in oomycetes remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that the PsMTA1 and PsMTA2 genes are orthologs of human METTL4, while the PsMET16 gene is an ortholog of human METTL16. These genes are implicated in m6A modification and play a critical role in the production of sporangia and oospores, the release of zoospores, and the virulence of Phytophthora sojae. In P. sojae, m6A modifications are predominantly enriched in the coding sequence and the 3' untranslated region. Notably, the PsMTA1 knockout mutant exhibited reduced virulence, attributed to impaired tolerance to host defense-generated ROS stress. Mechanistically, PsMTA1-mediated m6A modification positively regulates the mRNA lifespan of DNA damage response (DDR) genes in reaction to plant ROS stress during infection. Consequently, the mRNA abundance of the DDR gene PsRCC1 was reduced in the single m6A site mutant ΔRCC1/RCC1A2961C, resulting in compromised DNA damage repair and reduced ROS adaptation-associated virulence in P. sojae. Overall, these results indicate that m6A-mediated RNA metabolism is associated with the development and pathogenicity of P. sojae, underscoring the roles of epigenetic markers in the adaptive flexibility of Phytophthora during infection. Author summary: In this investigation, we embarked on delineating the m6A modification landscape in oomycetes, shedding light on the pivotal involvement of PsMTA1, PsMTA2, and PsMET16 in orchestrating m6A modification critical for the developmental processes and infection dynamics of Phytophthora sojae. Notably, our study underscores the significant impact of PsMTA1-mediated m6A modification on the virulence of P. sojae, particularly in its regulation of the expression of DNA damage response genes prompted by the ROS stress induced by host defenses during infection. This underscores the role of epigenetic variation as a mechanism facilitating adaptive infection strategies in plant pathogens, thus providing a conceptual framework for the design of innovative oomycete inhibitors rooted in epigenetic regulation. We firmly believe that these pioneering insights hold substantial interest for the broader scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with a high incidence among older adults. Given the aging overall population, it was crucial to understand the current burden and prospective trend of older gastric cancer. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends of the incidence, mortality, and survival of older gastric cancer in the highest gastric cancer risk area in China from 2010 to 2019, and to predict the future burden of older gastric cancer up to 2024. Methods: The study was conducted in Gansu province, an area characterized by the highest gastric cancer incidence and mortality in China. The registration data of gastric cancer incidence and mortality from 2010 to 2019 were pooled from registries in the Gansu Cancer Registration System, while survival data were collected from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, and Gansu Cancer Hospital. Chinese standard population in 2000 and the Segi's world standard population were applied to calculate the age-standardized rate. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in cancer incidence and mortality. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were employed to generate forecasts for incidence and mortality from 2020 to 2024. Results: Based on registry data from 2010 to 2019, the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer among older adults remained stable. The incidence rates declined from 439.65 per 100,000 in 2010 to 330.40 per 100,000 in 2019, with an AAPC of -2.59% (95% confidence interval[CI], -5.14 to 0.04, P = 0.06). Similarly, the mortality rate changed from 366.98 per 100,000 in 2010 to 262.03 per 100,000 in 2019, with an AAPC of -2.55% (95% CI, -8.77–4.08%, P = 0.44). In the hospital-based cohort, the decline in survival rates was reported among older patients with gastric cancer in the highest gastric cancer risk area in China, with the 3-year overall survival (OS) decreasing from 58.5% (95% CI, 53.5–63.2%) in 2010 to 34.4% (95%CI, 32.1–36.7%) in 2019, and the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) decreasing from 51.3% (95%CI, 47.5–55.1%) in 2010 to 34.2% (95%CI, 32.0–36.3%) in 2019, respectively. Moreover, forecasts generated by ARIMA models revealed a significant decline in the incidence and mortality of older gastric cancer in China from 2020 to 2024. Specifically, the incidence rate of older gastric cancer was expected to decrease from 317.94 per 100,000 population in 2020 to 205.59 per 100,000 population in 2024, while the anticipated mortality rate was estimated to decrease from 222.52 per 100,000 population in 2020 to 186.22 per 100,000 population in 2024. Conclusion: From 2010 to 2019, the incidence and mortality of older gastric cancer remained stable in the highest gastric cancer risk area in China, while the survival rates showed a decline. Based on the ARIMA models, it was anticipated that there might be a continued decline in older gastric cancer incidence and mortality in the highest-risk area in China over the next five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with a high incidence among older adults. Given the aging overall population, it was crucial to understand the current burden and prospective trend of older gastric cancer. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends of the incidence, mortality, and survival of older gastric cancer in the highest gastric cancer risk area in China from 2010 to 2019, and to predict the future burden of older gastric cancer up to 2024. Methods: The study was conducted in Gansu province, an area characterized by the highest gastric cancer incidence and mortality in China. The registration data of gastric cancer incidence and mortality from 2010 to 2019 were pooled from registries in the Gansu Cancer Registration System, while survival data were collected from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, and Gansu Cancer Hospital. Chinese standard population in 2000 and the Segi's world standard population were applied to calculate the age-standardized rate. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in cancer incidence and mortality. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were employed to generate forecasts for incidence and mortality from 2020 to 2024. Results: Based on registry data from 2010 to 2019, the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer among older adults remained stable. The incidence rates declined from 439.65 per 100,000 in 2010 to 330.40 per 100,000 in 2019, with an AAPC of -2.59% (95% confidence interval[CI], -5.14 to 0.04, P = 0.06). Similarly, the mortality rate changed from 366.98 per 100,000 in 2010 to 262.03 per 100,000 in 2019, with an AAPC of -2.55% (95% CI, -8.77–4.08%, P = 0.44). In the hospital-based cohort, the decline in survival rates was reported among older patients with gastric cancer in the highest gastric cancer risk area in China, with the 3-year overall survival (OS) decreasing from 58.5% (95% CI, 53.5–63.2%) in 2010 to 34.4% (95%CI, 32.1–36.7%) in 2019, and the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) decreasing from 51.3% (95%CI, 47.5–55.1%) in 2010 to 34.2% (95%CI, 32.0–36.3%) in 2019, respectively. Moreover, forecasts generated by ARIMA models revealed a significant decline in the incidence and mortality of older gastric cancer in China from 2020 to 2024. Specifically, the incidence rate of older gastric cancer was expected to decrease from 317.94 per 100,000 population in 2020 to 205.59 per 100,000 population in 2024, while the anticipated mortality rate was estimated to decrease from 222.52 per 100,000 population in 2020 to 186.22 per 100,000 population in 2024. Conclusion: From 2010 to 2019, the incidence and mortality of older gastric cancer remained stable in the highest gastric cancer risk area in China, while the survival rates showed a decline. Based on the ARIMA models, it was anticipated that there might be a continued decline in older gastric cancer incidence and mortality in the highest-risk area in China over the next five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study assessed the diagnostic value of microRNA-200 (miR-200) expression in peripheral blood-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 100 healthy volunteers (the control group) receiving physical examinations, 168 early-stage NSCLC patients (the NSCLC group), and 128 patients with benign lung nodules (the benign group). The basic and clinical data of participants were obtained, including age, sex, smoking history, carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximal voluntary ventilation, forced vital capacity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and miR-200 expression. The correlation of miR-200 expression in peripheral blood-derived EVs with CA242, CEA, and CA199 was analyzed, and the diagnostic value of peripheral blood-derived EV miR-200 for early-stage NSCLC was assessed. The risk factors of early-stage NSCLC development were also determined. Results: Age, the percentage of patients with smoking history, CA242, CEA, CA199, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and miR-200 expression in peripheral blood-derived EVs were significantly higher in the NSCLC group than in the benign and control groups. Lung disease patients with high miR-200 expression in peripheral blood-derived EVs comprised a higher percentage of patients with smoking history and mixed lesions and had higher CA242, CEA, CA199, and TNF-α levels than those with low miR-200 expression in peripheral blood-derived EVs. In lung diseases, miR-200 expression in peripheral blood-derived EVs was significantly and positively correlated with CA242, CEA, and CA199. Peripheral blood-derived EV miR-200 combined with CA242, CEA and CA199 had higher diagnostic value (area under the curve = 0.942) than single detection, along with higher specificity, and high expression of peripheral blood-derived EV miR-200 was an independent risk factor for early-stage NSCLC. Conclusion: Peripheral blood-derived EV miR-200 expression in patients with lung diseases is closely correlated with CA242, CEA, and CA199, and high expression of peripheral blood-derived EV miR-200 is an independent risk factor for early-stage NSCLC and is of high clinical diagnostic value for early-stage NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of lead-free dielectric capacitors with good energy storage performance and high reliability is of great practical significance for pulsed power systems. In this study, Nb 2 O 5 -modified 0.6(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)TiO 3 -0.4(Sr 0.7 Bi 0.2)TiO 3 (BNT-SBT- x Nb, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) ceramics were designed to enhance their energy storage performance and prepared using a hydrothermal method. The results show that Nb doping into the B site of BNT-SBT can induce lattice expansion and promote polar nanoregions, resulting in improved dielectric relaxation behavior. Moreover, the introduction of Nb can lead to the refinement of grain size, the increase in resistivity, the reduction of oxygen vacancies, and the broadening of band gap, thereby significantly enhancing the electrical breakdown strength (E b). Accordingly, the BNT-SBT-0.05Nb system presents excellent energy storage performance with high W rec ∼6.26 J/cm3 and η ∼87.9 % under an large E b of 518 kV/cm in accompany with the wide temperature stability (W rec and η vary within ±6.8 % and ±3.2 % at 40–100 °C). The significant improvement of E b and energy storage performance demonstrates that the BNT-SBT-0.05Nb system is a potential candidate for applications in high-energy storage capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and urinary incontinence in adult women and evaluated the potential contribution of the fatty liver index (FLI) in this context. Methods: The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, spanning from 2001 to 2018. The study included 17,221 adult female participants. Individuals exhibiting FLI values of 60 or greater were diagnosed with hepatic steatosis. Incontinence type and MASLD status were evaluated by analyzing questionnaire data and calculating the FLI. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the correlation between FLI, MASLD, and urinary incontinence, with potential confounding variables controlled through multivariate adjustment models. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline curve (RCS) modeling and subgroup analysis were employed to elucidate the relationship between variables further. Results: The median age of participants in the MASLD group was higher than that of the non-MASLD group (53 vs 46 years, P < 0.001). The findings indicated a positive association between FLI and MASLD and the risk of urinary incontinence. Specifically, the risk of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) all increased significantly with increasing quartiles of FLI (OR 2.44, 1.91, 2.30, respectively, P < 0.001). In the multivariate-adjusted model, SUI, UUI, and MUI risk was 76%, 50%, and 69% higher in patients with MASLD than those without MASLD. RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear positive correlation between FLI and the risk of SUI, UUI, and MUI, respectively. Conclusion: This study's findings indicate a significant association between MASLD and the risk of developing urinary incontinence. Additionally, the results suggest that FLI and MASLD may act as independent risk factors for urinary incontinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the mechanisms and prevention strategies associated with vitamin D and sarcopenia in older adults. As a geriatric syndrome, sarcopenia is defined by a notable decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which increases the risk of adverse health outcomes such as falls and fractures. Vitamin D, an essential fat-soluble vitamin, is pivotal in skeletal muscle health. It affects muscle function through various mechanisms, including regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, promoting muscle protein synthesis, and modulation of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. A deficiency in vitamin D has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of sarcopenia in older adults. Many studies have demonstrated that low serum vitamin D levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. While there is inconsistency in the findings, most studies support the importance of vitamin D in maintaining skeletal muscle health. Vitamin D influences the onset and progression of sarcopenia through various pathways, including the promotion of muscle protein synthesis, the regulation of mitochondrial function, and the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Regarding the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, a combination of nutritional, exercise, and pharmacological interventions is recommended. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of vitamin D in sarcopenia, to study genes related to sarcopenia, to perform large-scale clinical trials, to investigate special populations, and to examine the combined application of vitamin D with other nutrients or drugs. A comprehensive investigation of the interconnection between vitamin D and sarcopenia will furnish a novel scientific foundation and productive strategies for preventing and treating sarcopenia. This, in turn, will enhance the senior people's quality of life and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem, so it is particularly important to quantitatively assess and intervene in the degree of early renal damage in CKD. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the research is to establish reference values for kidney elasticity by using real-time shear wave elastography (RT-SWE) technology to quantify Young's modulus values in the renal cortex of normal adults. The intention is to provide a foundation for evaluating renal function and structural changes in patients with CKD. Furthermore, this research investigates the role of RT-SWE in the early detection of renal fibrosis in CKD, providing insights into its diagnostic value for detecting pathological changes at an early stage. METHODS: Between August 2019 and December 2021, we collected a sample of 100 healthy people (55 men with an average age of 43.5 ± 15.2 years and 45 women with an average age of 41.6 ± 19.8 years) for medical evaluations at our hospital's Department of Ultrasound Medicine. In addition, 97 individuals with CKD1-3 stage were considered. Following the removal of contraindications and relevant confounding variables, we included a final cohort of 80 individuals in the research (45 men and 35 females, with an average age of 39.1 ± 19.2 years). The RENAL mode was selected and a convex array probe S6-1 operating at a frequency of 3.5–5.5 MHz was used in the research, which made use of the French Supersonic AixPlorer ultrasonic diagnostic instrument. Renal RT-SWE elastography was performed after conventional two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography. The study used RT-SWE technology to assess the mean Young's modulus of the cortex in healthy individuals (Emean), with data analysis and comparisons based on age and gender. Furthermore, the Emean values of CKD stage 1–3 patients were determined, and analyses were performed about 24-hour urine protein quantitative (24hUTP), serum creatinine concentration (SCr), and renal biopsy pathology, specifically the degree of interstitial fibrosis. RESULTS: Healthy group: a) The average kPa values of the left kidney (4.2 ± 2.3), right kidney (4.3 + 2.5) kPa, both kidneys' average kPa values (4.3 ± 2.4) kPa, and the average kPa values of the left and right kidneys do not differ statistically (p = 0.986). b) There was no difference in the kPa values of healthy male and female kidneys (4.4 + 2.1 and 4.2 + 2.6, respectively. c) There was no difference in the renal kPa values of healthy adults aged 50 (4.4 ± 2.8) kPa and renal kPa of the 50-year-old population (4.2 + 2.1) kPa (p = 0.041). Case group: a) the group of patients with CKD1-3 stage and the group did not vary in their Emean values (both p < 0.05); b) There is a difference between CKD stages 1, 2, and 3 (p < 0.05), however, there is still no difference in the pyEmean value corrected for patient age between patients in stages 1 and 2 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study reveals no significant differences in the Emean value of bilateral kidneys in normal people and no differences in the elasticity value of kidneys and gender. However, age-based differences were statistically significant. pyEmean may be useful for comparing CKD stage 1, 2, and 3 patients, and RT-SWE can assess early renal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiN–Ag@Ag composite substrates were prepared via ammonia reduction nitridation followed by electrochemical deposition. Fabricated TiN–Ag@Ag substrates were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy activity of these substrates was evaluated using ibuprofen as the probe molecule. The size of the Ag particles prepared via electrochemical deposition was approximately 1 μm, and Ag nanoparticles with an average particle size of 100 nm were uniformly distributed on the surface of TiN–Ag films. The Raman signal of ibuprofen was significantly enhanced, and the minimum detection concentration of ibuprofen was 10–5 M. The mechanism by which the TiN–Ag@Ag composite substrate enhanced the Raman signals was analyzed using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory implemented in the Gaussian software. Overall, charge transfer and the local electromagnetic field effect enhanced the Raman signals of ibuprofen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The load transfer mechanism of laterally loaded pile groups is very complicated, and the analysis method is affected by many factors. This paper presents a field test study on lateral responses of large diameter cast-in-place isolated single piles with free head and pile groups with fixed head to investigate the pile group effect. Boreholes are drilled, and relevant field and laboratory tests are carried out to obtain main physical mechanical parameters and the soil profile of the site. Results of lateral loads, lateral displacements and bending moments measured in the field are reported and discussed. A group efficiency factor-based calculation method applicable to laterally loaded pile groups is derived according to a series of full scale and centrifuge tests. An existing group efficiency factor-based calculation method is compared with the proposed method. And three other measured test results are used to verify the calculated results. The comparison results show that the proposed method provides good predictions of load–displacement responses of pile groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axle-box bearings are directly affected by wheel–rail impacts as fixedly connected to wheelset. As an inevitable wheel-failure, wheel flat can cause severe wheel-rail impact, which may deteriorate the performance of axle-box bearings, even threatening train running safety. To investigate the dynamic response of axle-box bearings excited by wheel flat, two rigid-flexible coupled vehicle dynamics models of motor and trailer cars are developed. The axle-box bearing, flexible axle-box and wheelset are thoroughly established in trailer car model. The gear transmission system and flexible gearbox are further integrated into motor car model relative to trailer model. The accuracies of models are verified by the field-test results. The dynamic responses of axle-box bearings excited by wheel flat are analyzed. Results indicate that the vibration and dynamic forces acting on axle-box bearing augment with the increasing of flat length. The vibrations intensify gradually from wheelset, inner ring, and outer ring to axle-box, particularly increasing significantly with long flat lengths. Moreover, the dynamic forces within axle-box bearing first increase before decreasing with the growing operating speed. Being structurally difference, wheel flat exerts more significant effects on the axial and radial forces within the bearings of motor car than those of trailer car. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A data-driven optimal control framework is proposed for TSR deployment. • A linear representation of TSR's dynamics is derived with Koopman operator. • An enhanced deep learning method is proposed for finding embedding functions. To avoid complex constraints of the traditional nonlinear method for tethered space robot (TSR) deployment, a data-driven optimal control framework with an improve deep learning based Koopman operator is proposed in this work. In consideration of nonlinearity of tethered space robot dynamics, its finite dimensional global linear representation called lifted linear system is derived with the Koopman operator theory. A deep learning scheme is adopted to find the embedding functions associate with Koopman operator. And an auxiliary neural network is developed to encode the nonlinear control term of finite dimensional lifted system. Then a controllability constraint is considered for learning a controllable lifted linear system. Besides two loss functions that relate to reconstruction and prediction ability of lifted linear system are designed for training the deep neural network. With the learned lifted linear dynamics, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is applied to derive the optimal control policy for the tethered space robot deployment. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of proposed framework and show that it could deploy tethered space robot more quickly with less swing of in-plane angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an interconnected high-vacuum illustration system, the surfaces of p-InGaN/GaN heterostructures grown with integrated metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were treated in O2 gas for different times at room temperature and then transferred to another chamber for fabricating ohmic contacts via sputtering Pd/Pt/Au multi-layers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements unveil that the proportions of Ga–O of the treated samples significantly increase compared with that of the as-grown sample, indicating that a thin layer of GaOx forms on the p-InGaN/GaN surface after exposing to oxygen or air atmospheres. Meanwhile, the samples exposed to O2 or air were found to have much higher specific contact resistance, i.e., higher by two orders of magnitude than that of the as-grown sample. The specific contact resistance of the as-grown sample was derived as 9.3 × 10−5 Ω cm2 using the circular transmission line measurement. Furthermore, the Schottky barrier height of the samples was determined from the measured I–V curves with the thermionic field emission model and was revealed to be closely related to surface treatments. Despite the fact that the insulating layer of GaOx was as thin as 1.2–1.4 Å for the samples exposed to oxygen at room temperature, it can act as an extra barrier layer causing significant increase in the specific contact resistance via blocking the tunneling of carriers. Therefore, the effective removal of p-InGaN surface oxide plays a vital role in preparing good ohmic contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dense h -BN/MgAl 2 O 4 composites without additives were fabricated by hot-pressed sintering. The effect of sintering temperature and MgAl 2 O 4 on the bulk density, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were systematically investigated. The results showed that the collaboration of sintering temperature and MgAl 2 O 4 dominated the densification behavior due to the enhanced pore filling effects and solid diffusion. The improved densification and induced microstructure development contributed to enhanced mechanical properties. Additionally, the residual MgAl 2 O 4 is more conducive to forming plate-like complex oxide with molten steel after BN oxidation and B 2 O 3 volatilization. Consequently, the plate-like complex oxide can effectively hinder direct contact between molten steel and the composite, which determines the corrosion resistance of the h -BN/MgAl 2 O 4 composite. This study highlights the enormous potential of h -BN/MgAl 2 O 4 composites for future use as side-sealing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Automatic prediction of seizures is a major goal in the field of epilepsy. However, the high variability of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in different patients limits the use of prediction models in clinical applications. Methods: This paper proposes a patient-independent seizure prediction model, named MFCC-CNN, to improve the generalization ability. MFCC-CNN model introduces Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) features and Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC) features concentrated in the low frequency region, which contains more detailed information. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to construct a seizure prediction model. Results: Experimental results showed that the proposed model obtained accuracy of 96 % , sensitivity of 92 % , specificity of 84 % and F1-score of 85 % for 24 cases in CNHB-MIT dataset. The overall performance of MFCC-CNN model is better than the other models. Conclusion: MFCC-CNN model does not need to be specifically customized for different patients. As a patient-independent seizure prediction model, it has good generalization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines low-level jets (LLJs) across Northeastern China during both warm (June–September) and cold seasons (December–March) from 1957 to 2021, using fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data with 25-km resolution. LLJs manifest in two prominent regions, one along the leeward flank of the Da Hinggan Ling Mountains in the cold season and another at the center of Northeastern China in the warm season. The intricate interplay between ambient circulation and terrain shapes LLJ distribution, altitudes, wind directions, diurnal cycles, and seasonal diversities. During the warm season, prevailing southwesterly LLJs are found at 925 hPa, while the cold season features stronger and more frequent northwesterly LLJs at 875 hPa. Analysis of the diurnal patterns reveals distinctive behaviors of LLJs in the cold and warm seasons. During the warm season, the single peak in LLJ occurrence emerges around midnight; conversely, in the cold season, LLJs are most frequent shortly before midnight, with an additional sub-peak in the morning. A momentum budget analysis establishes mechanisms underlying these two distinct diurnal variations. In both seasons, the diurnal variation of LLJs is predominately driven by an inertial oscillation and mountain-valley circulations. However, the sub-peak observed in the cold-season morning arises from the thermodynamic and dynamic interaction between the low-level atmosphere and complex terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring three-dimensional flux distribution in a nuclear reactor core is essential for improving safety and economics, which requires strategically placed in-core detectors. However, the deployment of these sensors is often constrained by physical, industrial, and economic limitations. This study treats optimizing the location of in-core detectors as a Markov decision process and develops a reinforcement learning (RL)–based framework to provide a solution for detector placement given a fixed number of detectors and available detector positions. The RL-based framework contains an environment consisting of a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition–based power reconstruction function paired with a novel reward function based on the power reconstruction error and a well-educated agent that updates the detector placement. Four RL algorithms including Proximal Policy Optimization, Deep Q-Network, Advantage Actor-Critic, and Monte Carlo Tree Search are investigated to optimize the detector placement and are analyzed. Genetic Algorithm (GA), a traditional optimization approach, is applied for comparison. The findings reveal that RL outperforms GA in terms of the quality of optimal solutions, demonstrating an inclination toward locating a global solution. Moreover, the flexible nature of RL enables the integration of developed novel reward functions from a specific reactor core into other reactors, considering the particular engineering requirements within the RL-based framework, thereby enhancing the optimization of in-core detector configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise research targeting chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been conducted for more than 30 years, and the benefits of exercise for CKD patients have been progressively demonstrated. This study analyzes citation classics on clinical intervention trials on exercise training and CKD to describe the research landscape and hotspots through bibliometric analysis. To identify clinical trials of exercise training interventions for CKD with more than 100 citations from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Extracted bibliometric information, participant information, and study characteristics of the included articles. The total citations, annual average citations, publication of year, author keywords, and study-related data were bibliometric analyzed and described using Excel 2019 and VOSviewer software. A total of 30 citation classics were included, with a total citation frequency of 102 to 279 (mean ± standard deviation: 148.4 ± 49.4). The American Journal of Kidney Diseases (n = 7) published the most (n = 7) classic citations in the field of CKD exercise research, and the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology was the most cited. The hotspot of research around CKD and exercise training interventions focused on population (hemodialysis and end-stage renal disease), exercise type (resistance training, yoga, and leg-cycling), and outcomes (cardiovascular indices, physical performance, psychological status, kidney function, physical activity). Reported dropout rates ranged from 0.0% to 47.4%. A bibliometric analysis of citation classics on exercise training and CKD highlights the potential benefits of exercise as a non-pharmacological therapy for patients with CKD, as well as developments and hotspots in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although handgrip strength is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), whether this relationship is dose-related is unknown. Therefore, we examined dose-response relationships between handgrip strength and all-cause mortality in CKD patients based on previous studies by meta-analysis. Data sources included three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) from inception through October 2023. The included cohort was a CKD population not limited to disease stage, and their handgrip strength was objectively measured. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We utilized estimates of handgrip strength categories using robust-error meta-regression (REMR), pooled study-specific estimates, and established dose-response relationships. Outcomes of interest included only all-cause mortality. A total of 18 studies with 4810 participants (aged 47–71 years) were included. REMR modeling showed a U-shaped trend of association between handgrip strength and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. Higher handgrip strength values, from 10 kg to approximately 28 kg, were associated with lower mortality risk. After that, the risk of death increased slightly. A U-shaped association exists between handgrip strength and all-cause mortality risk in CKD patients. Future studies with quantitative measurements for each CKD stage will help to determine precise relative risk estimates between handgrip strength and mortality risk in patients with different stages of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The number of clinical reports of acupuncture therapy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is gradually increasing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the therapeutic role of acupuncture therapy in kidney function and common symptoms in CKD patients. Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and WeiPu for randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture treatment with control or placebo groups. We assessed the effect of acupuncture therapy in CKD patients using a meta-analysis with the hartung-knapp-sidik-jonkman random effects model. In addition, we visualized keyword co-occurrence overlay visualization with the help of VOSviewer software to describe the research hotspots of acupuncture therapy and CKD. Results: A total of 24 studies involving 1494 participants were included. Compared to the control group, acupuncture therapy reduced serum creatinine levels (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.57; 95% CI −1.05 to −0.09) and relieved pruritus (SMD: −2.20; 95% CI −3.84, −0.57) in patients with CKD, while the TSA showed that the included sample size did not exceed the required information size. The included studies did not report acupuncture-related adverse events. Conclusions: Acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for improving kidney function and relieving pruritic symptoms in patients with CKD, but the very low evidence may limit this conclusion. The TSA suggests that high-quality trials are needed to validate the efficacy of acupuncture therapy. Acupuncture therapy may improve kidney function and relieve pruritus symptoms in CKD patients, but both are very low evidence. Trial sequential analysis shows insufficient evidence for acupuncture therapy in CKD patients. Future research could focus on the role of acupuncture for functional capacity, insomnia, and pain in CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viscosity measurement is crucial in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Currently, rapid and non-contact methods for measuring viscosity remain challenging. We propose a method based on optical coherence tomography for fast, remote assessment of the liquid viscosity. The viscosity of the liquid sample was quantified according to Poiseuille's law, the flow velocity was determined using optical coherence tomography, and the real-time pressure difference was measured by two manometers. Glycerol–water mixtures with various viscosities were tested to assess the accuracy of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) viscosity measurement. Then, blood samples with different levels of hemodilution and hematocrit were measured to validate the feasibility of the OCT method in the blood viscosity measurement. The results indicate that the proposed method can provide rapid, non-contact liquid viscosity measurement. It could significantly impact research on hemodynamics and diagnosis of blood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The goal of the research was to examine the value of peripheral blood indicators in forecasting survival and recurrence among people suffering central‐type non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing sleeve lobectomy (SL). Methods: Clinical information was gathered from 146 individuals suffering from NSCLC who had SL at our facility between January 2014 and May 2023. Peripheral blood neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to establish the threshold points. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of different groupings, and both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (referred to as COX) were performed. Results: The disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) cutoff values were carried out via ROC analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed notable differences in OS for NLR (≥2.196 vs. <2.196, p = 0.0009), MLR (≥0.2763 vs. <0.2763, p = 0.0018), and PLR (≥126.11 vs. <126.11, p = 0.0354). Similarly, significant differences in DFS were observed for NLR (≥3.010 vs. <3.010, p = 0.0005), MLR (≥0.2708 vs. <0.2708, p = 0.0046), and PLR (≥126.11 vs. <126.11, p = 0.0028). Univariate Cox analysis showed that NLR (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.469; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.416–4.306, p < 0.001), MLR (HR: 2.192, 95% CI: 1.319–3.643, p = 0.002) and PLR (HR: 1.696, 95% CI: 1.029–2.795, p = 0.038) were correlated alongside OS. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that NLR (HR: 2.036, 95% CI: 1.072–3.864, p = 0.030) was a separate OS risk variable. Additionally, the pN stage (HR: 3.163, 95% CI: 1.660–6.027, p < 0.001), NLR (HR: 2.530, 95% CI: 1.468–4.360, p < 0.001), MLR (HR: 2.229, 95% CI: 1.260–3.944, p = 0.006) and PLR (HR: 2.249, 95% CI: 1.300–3.889, p = 0.004) were connected to DFS. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that pN stage (HR: 3.098, 95% CI: 1.619–5.928, p < 0.001) was a separate DFS risk variable. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that NLR, MLR, and PLR play a convenient and cost‐effective role in predicting survival and recurrence among individuals alongside central‐type NSCLC having SL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explain the impact of geological and process factors on underground coal gasification in deep coal seam (>2200 m) and promote the efficient and clean extraction and conversion of coal, this study employs the orthogonal experimental design method to investigate the impact of CO 2 coefficient (0–1), moisture content (30–80 wt%), calcite content (0–10 wt%), albite content (0–10 wt%), kaolinite content (0–20 wt%), reaction temperature (550–650 °C), and reaction pressure (23–27 MPa) on the characteristics of coal underground gasification under supercritical H 2 O/CO 2 conditions. Furthermore, range analysis and variance analysis are utilized to determine the degree of influence of each factor and the interaction between factors. Finally, the Gibbs free energy minimization method is used to conduct a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of coal supercritical H 2 O/CO 2 gasification at high temperatures (750–1000 °C). The results indicate that the three most significant factors affecting the process of coal supercritical H 2 O/CO 2 gasification are the CO 2 coefficient, moisture content, and reaction temperature. The maximum carbon gasification efficiency at 650 °C in experimental cases and 1000 °C in simulation cases is 22.2% and 88.1%, respectively. Although the addition of CO 2 at lower temperatures reduces the carbon gasification efficiency, at high temperatures (>900 °C), a higher initial CO 2 concentration increases the carbon gasification efficiency. The addition of CO 2 under conditions of low moisture content increases the mole fraction of H 2 , but reduces it under conditions of high moisture content (≥70 wt%). Among the three minerals, calcite has the most significant influence on the gasification process. • Analyzed the effects of different factors on underground coal gasification in deep coal seam. • The interaction of CO 2 coefficient with temperature and moisture content is analyzed. • The effect of calcite, albite and kaolinite is limited. • At ≥950 °C, CO 2 can increase the carbon gasification efficiency. • When the moisture content ≤60 wt%, CO 2 can increase the mole fraction of H 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Examination of Alzheimer's disease (AD) related biomarkers among diverse communities has remained limited. Objective: The aim of this study was to expand on prior work to provide a characterization of ptau181 among a diverse community sample. Consideration was taken regarding the impact of comorbidities on ptau181 levels including medical. Methods: 3,228 (n = 770 African American [AA], n = 1,231 Hispanic, and n = 1,227 non-Hispanic white [NHW]) Health and Aging Brain Study- Health Disparities (HABS-HD) participants were included in this study. ANCOVAs were conducted to examine differences in ptau181 levels across race and ethnic groups. Violin plots were also generated stratified by APOEɛ4 carrier status, Amyloid PET positivity status, medical comorbidity (hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease [CKD], and diabetes) and by cognitive diagnosis. Results: Ptau181 levels were found to differ between Hispanics and NHW after covarying for age, sex, and APOEɛ4 status. Amyloid PET positivity was associated with higher ptau181 levels across all groups. APOEɛ4 positivity status was only significantly associated with ptau181 levels among AAs. Across all race and ethnic groups, those with a diagnosis of CKD had higher levels of ptau181. When stratified by cognitive diagnosis, cognitively unimpaired Hispanics had higher ptau181 if they also had a diagnosis of CKD or diabetes. p-values ≤0.01. Conclusions: Differences in ptau181 levels were shown in a diverse community sample. Medical comorbidities had a differing effect on ptau181 levels particularly among Hispanics even without cognitive impairment. Findings support the need for future work to consider comorbid conditions when examining the utility of ptau181. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]