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Agropastoralism has prevailed in Inner Asia since the Bronze Age. It is an optimal subsistence strategy of inhabitants for adaptation to arid marginal environment. However, previous studies paid little attention to different development trajectories of this mixed economy within similar habitat. The Turpan and Hami Basins, located in eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, are two typical desert oases with extremely dry climate, providing us with an appropriate region to investigate the issue. In present study, radiocarbon dates (n = 154) of eight typical sites in these two basins were reviewed and used to reconstruct the prehistoric chronology sequence prior to Han Dynasty (2200 cal BP). Then the data of botanical and faunal remains and stable isotope analyses (n = 159) of human diets from these sites were also reviewed for reliably revealing the subsistence economy pattern. Combining the time scale with multiple biological proxies, results show that, from the Bronze Age to early Iron Age, inhabitant subsistence in the Turpan Basin was dominated by livestock herding and supplemented by low-investment cereal crop cultivation, while the agriculture in Turpan Basin has developed significantly by the later period of Subeixi Culture. In contrast, agriculture-based economy was continuously developed in the Hami oases. Although the climate is very dry in both basins, temperature in warm seasons is much higher in the Turpan Basin. Besides thermal condition, size, range and convenient availability of highland pasture located at the southern flank of the Tianshan Mountains, are main driving factors leading to differentiated development trajectories of agropastoralism. Apart from that, cultural factors like economy, culture and technology communication along with population migration also impact local subsistence economy pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we analyzed seven wooden bows and 13 arrows excavated from the cemeteries of Subeixi Culture (13th century BCE–AD second century) in the Turpan Basin, northwest China. A total of six taxa, viz. Morus sp., Salix sp., Picea sp., Lonicera sp., Betula sp., and Tamarix sp. were identified. Some of these taxa have been generally accepted to be suitable for bow‐and‐arrow production. All these taxa were local in origin but distributed in different ecotonal zones, including oases, saline‐alkali lands, and mountain areas. Previous archaeological studies have confirmed that the Subeixi populations lived an agro‐pastoral life. By analyzing the possible provenance of these wood samples, it can be hypothesized that these ancient agro‐pastoralists moved between the Turpan Basin and the Tianshan Mountains on a seasonal basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of pastoralism, as an alternative or adjunct to farming in China's long history, a clear understanding of the spreading routes and mechanisms of pastoralism in China is lacking. Fungal spores can be a useful addition to zooarchaeological evidence and have been widely used to explore the origins and development of pastoralism in different regions of the globe. The northern Loess Plateau is one of the most important areas for the emergence and development of pastoralism in early China. The aim of this paper was to take the fungal spores in the Baihemiao (BHM) core that we extracted from a site in the Yulin region, combine them with the zooarchaeological records to explore their relationship with climate and environmental changes, and reconstruct the evolution of animal husbandry in the northern Loess Plateau since the mid-Holocene. The results indicate that the climatic conditions in the northern Loess Plateau during the first period of 6–4.2 ka were relatively humid, the number of domesticated herbivores was small, animal husbandry was not developed, and the spores of coprophilous fungi in the sediments mainly originated from wild herbivores. Fungal spores as well as zooarchaeological evidence reveal that cattle and sheep grazing developed rapidly in the region during the second period, c. 4.2–3 ka. We suggest that the arid climatic conditions during this period facilitated the development of pastoral activities in the northern Loess Plateau. However, this pastoral economy gradually weakened after 1.2 ka. • Sporormiella suggests a high volume of herbivore activities in the Baihemiao area in 6–4.2 ka. • Fungal spores and zooarchaeological record from the archaeological sites indicate that grazing activity was strong in 4.2-3 ka. • Arid climatic conditions facilitated the development of pastoral activities in the northern Loess Plateau in 4.2–3 ka. • Pastoralism weakened and declined during the period from 3 ka to 1.2 ka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the harsh water plugging conditions for a crack fracture-type rock reservoir of Tahe oilfield in China, which are high temperature, high salinity and above 4000 m underground, a novel delay-expansion water-swelling rubber/OMMT (DWSR) with silty-resistant and lower hydrophilic resin migration behavior was developed. HNBR, semi-HEMA@PU, polyacrylamide (PAM), OMMT and other rubber additives were mechanically blended in an open mill mixer. The semi-HEMA@PU blocked by double bond and isocyanate group was prepared by the reaction of NCO group (50% mole fraction) with hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The semi-HEMA@PU reacted with the amino group from PAM and the unsaturated double bond of HNBR, respectively. A crosslink network constructed among PU, PAM and HNBR matrix made the DWSR/OMMT composite exhibit high salinity resistance and low hydrophilic resin migration features. With an increase of PU content, the crosslinking density of DWSR increases gradually. When the semi-HEMA@PU content was 10 phr, the tensile strength reached a maximum of 13.6 MPa. The influences of OMMT content on swelling behavior were investigated. When the mass content for OMMT was about 1phr, the delayed expansion time was more than 50 h. The presence of OMMT significantly improved the delayed expansion property of DWSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which summarized the disadvantages of Aziz interface partition model. Impact of the discovery of solidification to the study of solid and liquid interface nonequilibrium; Discussion; Conclusion.

In order to efficiently purify and recover the magnetite powder (dense medium) in the process of dry coal preparation of air-dense medium fluidized beds, a new type of fluidized dry magnetic separator was developed in this paper by changing the feeding device and mode, the location and structure of the separating tank, and the particles' movement direction in the separating tank on the basis of the traditional permanent drum dry low-intensity magnetic separator. The magnetic pole arrangement, magnetic field intensity, magnetic field gradient, and action depth of magnetic field of the magnetic system were studied to determine the reasonable parameters of magnetic system for magnetic separation tests. The results of magnetic separation tests for the mixture of magnetite powder and coal powder show that the fluidized dry magnetic separator can improve the grade of magnetite powder as much as possible on the basis of ensuring the recovery of magnetite powder, and obtain the high efficiency purification and recovery of magnetite powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the occurrence of mercury in coal and the effectiveness of mercury and ash removal by an air dense medium fluidized bed (ADMFB). Results of the study revealed that there was a linear correlation between the mercury content, ash content and density of coal. This was attributed to the fact that mercury mainly exists in high density minerals containing elements with a certain affinity for mercury such as silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, potassium, sodium, chloride, zinc, and magnesium. There is therefore a good correlation between the separation efficiency of ADMFB and the quality of the clean coal, as well as the overall removal of mercury. By optimizing the operating conditions based on the fitting models, clean coal with a mercury content of 0.0841 ppm and a separation efficiency exceeding 99.8% was obtained. The desirability of the separation effect optimized by fitting models was 0.999. Based on these results, it was concluded that ADMFB is an effective way to remove mercury from coal and reduce its ash content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South Aisikexiaer Cemetery, located in the Hami Basin of Xinjiang, northwest China, has been dated to around 2700 to 2400 BP. The arid conditions of the Hami region allow for the preservation through desiccation of a large amount of botanical materials, with 14 different taxa identified by systematic archaeobotanical study. Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste) was the only cereal type identified. Barley may be cultivated in the oases around the cemetery and threshed to obtain grains for foodstuff. Broken stems of barley were by-products of threshing and possibly consumed as binder for wall construction. Woody plants mainly include Populus euphratica, Tamarix sp. and Salix sp. Timbers of P. euphratica were the most important wooden materials for local inhabitants, used in the construction of tombs and fabrication of wooden articles. The remaining wild herbaceous plants are dominated by Aristida grandiglumis. Culms of A. grandiglumis may have been specially collected for livestock fodder and used as filling material of roof thatch on tomb. Stems of Phragmites australis were used in mat weaving. The diversity of plant remains, and their uses give insight into the adaptive strategies of the South Aisikexiaer population to arid environment in the Hami Basin during the early Iron Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I-III-VI group “green” quantum dots (QDs) are receiving increasing attention in photoelectronic conversion applications. In this work, a facile one-pot route directly dissolving copper iodide, gallium acetylacetonate and selenium powder as precursors into a mixed solution of dodecanethiol, oleylamine (OLA) and octadecene was developed to synthesize Cu-Ga-Se/ZnSe (CGSe/ZnSe) core/shell QDs. The resulting CGSe/ZnSe QDs with a relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of 77.73% can be obtained and the particle size control from 4.20 to 5.73 nm can be realized via the variation of OLA dosage. The tunable emission from 485 to 630 nm can be acquired by introducing sulfur ion into CGSe host materials (anionic alloying) and varying the Cu/Ga precursor molar ratio. Furthermore, the PL recombination process in CGSe/ZnSe QDs is discussed using the PL decay curve. The proposed one-pot synthesis route for highly efficient color-tunable CGSe/ZnSe QDs is facile, rapid and environmentally-friendly. The as-prepared QDs are promising candidates for the exploration of novel and efficient light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H + -SOFCs) have attracted considerable interest recently. However, the overall cell performance of H + -SOFCs is still low due to the lack of a promising cathode material. In this study, SrSc 0.175 Nb 0.025 Co 0.8 O 3-δ (SSNC) was synthesized for evaluation as a cathode material in H + -SOFCs based on a BaZr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.2 O 3-δ (BZCY) electrolyte. The chemical compatibility and stability of the SSNC cathode with the BZCY electrolyte in humidified air were studied. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of the SSNC cathode on the BZCY electrolyte was investigated using SSNC/BZCY/SSNC symmetrical cells at 600 °C in dry air and humidified air at various H 2 O partial pressures. Promising electrocatalytic activity was observed for the SSNC cathode in humidified air. The area specific resistance obtained on symmetrical cells at 600 °C in a 10% H 2 O-air atmosphere was 0.26 Ω cm 2 . A promising peak power density of 498 mW cm −2 was obtained using an anode-supported cell with a 46 μm-thick BZCY electrolyte layer at 700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper chooses government, resident and developer for the core stakeholders of the urban renewal who can affect the realization of the urban renewal objectives during the whole life cycle of the urban renewal construction. Based on the analysis of literature summary about urban renewal, this paper confirms 30 influence factors of comprehensive benefits in urban renewal through the questionnaire. The evaluation index system of 16 factors containing three subsystems of government benefits, resident benefits and developer benefits is established through factor analysis theory. Entropy method was then used to assign weights on criteria and macro-criteria. The weights of government, residents and developers are respectively 0.343, 0.386, 0.271. Then an evaluation model of urban renewal comprehensive benefit is put up. Fuzzy theory is used to calculate the evaluation values of Lieder village renewal in Guangzhou and the evaluation result shows that the comprehensive benefit evaluation of Lieder village renewal is good. The result is accord with actual. It has a certain practical value for the evaluation model used on the comprehensive benefit evaluation of urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gumugou Cemetery is located in the Lop Nor region of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, northwest China. Radiocarbon dating found the site to be 3800 years BP. Due to the exceptionally arid conditions, most of the plant remains are well-preserved. Morphological and anatomical studies suggest that the plant remains consist of: Triticum cf. aestivum, Phragmites australis, Populus euphratica, Ephedra sp., as well as Typha sp. These ancient plants imply that the indigenous people lived in oases surrounded by extensive desert. Caryopses of T. cf. aestivum might have been used as funeral objects of the mummies as well as a subsidiary food source of the inhabitants, while the wild plants were used in other aspects of daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) navigation-guided polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-augmented thoracic and lumbar pedicle screw fixation for the osteoporotic patients. Methods: 27 consecutive osteoporosis patients with a variety of spinal disorders who underwent 3D navigation-guided PMMA-augmented pedicle screw fixation were evaluated clinically and radiologically in the perioperative and 1-year follow-up period. The improvement of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores was analyzed. PMMA leakage and other complications were inspected intraoperatively and postoperatively. Screw loosening and bone fusion were evaluated radiographically during follow-up. Results: 8 patients had thoracic and lumbar fractures; 18 patients had degenerative spinal disorders; one patient had revision surgery. One patient died of postoperative pneumonia. Each of the other 26 patients was followed up regularly at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months postoperatively. The mean therapeutic improvement rate is 39.6 % evaluated by JOA scores. 2 patients (7.4 %) had leakage into the spinal canal in front of the posterior longitudinal ligament and two patients (7.4 %) had leakage into the prevertebral soft tissue inspected by the postoperative CT scans. No pedicle cortex breach and cement leakage surrounding pedicle cortex were observed. None of patients complained of dyspnoea and showed evidence of pulmonary embolism. Bone fusions were found in 20 patients (bony fusion rate 76.9 %) at the 12-month follow-up and no screw loosening occurs. Conclusion: The results show favorable outcome using 3D navigation-guided PMMA-augmented thoracic and lumbar pedicle screw fixation for the osteoporosis patients both clinically and radiologically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel optical fiber-tip Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) coated with Pt/WO3 film was demonstrated as a hydrogen sensor. The air-cavity of FPI was formed by inserting a single mode fiber (SMF) into a partially polymer-filled glass capillary. A layer of Pt/WO3 was coated on the capillary of the FPI serving as a reaction heater upon hydrogen exposure. The heat locally raised the FPI temperature, which led to the length of air-cavity decrease due to the volume expansion of polymer. Thus, the dip wavelength of interference spectrum yielded a blue shift. The temperature compensation method based on an optical switch was proposed to eliminate the effect of ambient temperature fluctuation. Experimental investigations demonstrated a high sensitivity of −5.1nm/% at a low hydrogen concentration ranging from 0% to 0.5%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] The glass capillary is partially filled with polymer to form an air F-P cavity. [•] The length of cavity is precisely controlled by three-dimensional translation stage. [•] The sensor exhibits a large temperature sensitivity of ∼5.2nm/°C. [•] The sensor is tiny, simplicity and easily constructed with low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) based on synchrotron radiation was introduced for the first time as an in situ imaging way to investigate sea salt phase change, i.e. deliquescence and crystallization in atmospheric environment. A performance on the deliquescence of pure NaCl, which is the dominant component in sea salt, demonstrated that this technique can directly observe the change of core particle and differentiate the outer water layer clearly in solid-aqueous system of ~100 µm scale. The imaging results showed that sea salt particle deliquesced on a large scale of relative humidity (RH) between 34 and 97% RH as a solid-liquid drop, while no clear deliquescence RH was observed during the process. According to the drop size growth curve, sea salt deliquescence can be divided into three steps, namely water accumulating step (34-75% RH), bulk melting step (75-86% RH) and delay dissolving step (>86% RH), which are most probably dominated by grouped components as MgCl2/CaCl2/MgSO4, NaCl and Na2SO4/KCl/K2SO4, respectively. Instead at a sole RH, the crystallization of sea salt solution occurred at a range of 46-58% RH, which well agreed with the theory proposed by Ge et al. The aqueous-solid condition provided by sea salt deliquescence and crystallization may greatly enhance the heterogeneous chemical reactions in atmosphere. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractive-index (phase-contrast) radiology was able to detect lung tumors less than 1 mm in live mice. Significant micromorphology differences were observed in the microradiographs between normal, inflamed, and lung cancer tissues. This was made possible by the high phase contrast and by the fast image taking that reduces the motion blur. The detection of cancer and inflammation areas by phase contrast microradiology and microtomography was validated by bioluminescence and histopathological analysis. The smallest tumor detected is less than 1 mm with accuracy better than 1 × 10 mm. This level of performance is currently suitable for animal studies, while further developments are required for clinical application. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The hippocampus, a major component of the brain, is one of the target nervous organs in lead poisoning. In this work, a rat’s hippocampal injury caused by lead was studied. The lead concentrations in blood, bone and hippocampus collected from rats subject to lead poisoning were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry while morphological information and elemental distributions in the hippocampus were obtained with synchrotron radiation X-ray phase contrast imaging and synchrotron radiation micro-beam X-ray fluorescence, respectively. For comparison, identical characterization of the specimens from the rats in the control group was done in parallel. Results show that the ratios between the lead content in the treated group and that in the control group of the hippocampus, bone, and blood are about 2.66, 236, and 39.6, respectively. Analysis also revealed that some health elements such as S, K, Cl and P increase in the regions with high lead content in the treated hippocampus. Morphological differences between the normal and lead-exposed hippocampus specimens in some local areas were observed. Explicitly, the structure of the lead-exposed hippocampus was tortuous and irregular, and the density of the neurons in the Dentate Gyrus was significantly lower than that from the control group. The study shows that the synchrotron radiation methods are very powerful for investigating structural injury caused by heavy metals in the nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Adverse health effects are associated with the inhalation of a variety of atmospheric particles. To study the lung injuries caused by aerosol PM2.5, synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique was used. Nude mice were inoculated with PM2.5 samples collected from suburban area (JD), industrial area (BS) and traffic tunnel (DPQ) of Shanghai. From X-ray phase-contrast images of lung tissues, apart from blood vessels and structures of alveoli, even hemorrhage spots of several microns caused by the inflammation were clearly observed. The studies showed that the PM2.5 samples collected from the traffic tunnel (DPQ) produced higher level of lung injury, followed by the aerosol samples collected from industrial area (BS) and suburban area (JD). Our studies also helped us to understand the process of lung injuries caused by aerosol particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to investigate FeSO4, ZnSO4 (the two of main metal compositions of Shanghai PM2.5 (particle matter with those aerodynamical diameter <2.5μm)) effects on acute lung injury, six solutions contained PM2.5 aerosol particles, FeSO4, ZnSO4 and their mixtures were instilled intratracheally into mouse lungs for experiment. By 2 days after instillation, the live mice were checked in vivo by synchrotron refractive index microradiography. In addition after extracted and examined by dissection, the right lobes of lung were fixed by formalin, then imaged by synchrotron microradiography again. Corresponding parts of those lung tissues were embedded in paraffin for histopathologic study. The synchrotron X-ray microradiographs of live mouse lung showed different lung texture changes after instilled with different toxic solutions. Hemorrhage points in lung were observed more from those mice instilled by FeSO4 contained toxin solutions groups. Bronchial epithelial hyperplasia can be observed in ZnSO4 contained solution-instilled groups from histopathologic analysis. It was found that the acute lung injury of mice caused by solution of PM2.5 +FeSO4 +ZnSO4 was more serious than other toxin solutions. Results suggested that FeSO4 mainly induced hemorrhage and ZnSO4 mainly induced inflammation and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia in the early toxicological effects of PM2.5. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three human liver tissue samples (∼5 mm ⊗ 40 mm ⊗ 20 nun) were excised from a cancer patient's liver during surgery. The microradiology analysis was performed with a non-standard approach on a synchrotron. High-resolution refractive-index edge-enhanced microradiographs that cover a larger volume of the liver tissue sample were obtained. The cancer tissue and normal tissue could be clearly identified and distinguished based on their different textures. Furthermore, new blood vessel hyperplasia was found near the cancer area. Blood vessels with a diameter smaller than 20 μm could be identified. These findings were fully consistent with the histopathological examination of the same area. Microradiographs of the newly formed blood vessels at different angles were also obtained. This result shows that it is possible to further develop this approach into a technique of microradiographic imaging for clinic diagnosis of liver cancer at the early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iron-containing atmospheric particulate matter collected from a tunnel and downtown in Shanghai were analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy; their chemical composition, size of particles and concentration were determined. X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements and the nuclear microprobes were performed to supplement the identification of the chemical compositions of iron compounds. In addition, the transformation of the iron compound in air was discussed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After having introduced by ion implantation 57Fe to a local concentration of 7 at% into Co6Ag94, we observed it by conversion electron Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy in the as-prepared state and after isochronal annealing. A superferromagnetic state is inferred, which is correlated with the ordering of the magnetic moments on the Fe clusters through chain-like or dendritic Co/Fe linear structures. The magnetic moment disordering temperature lies above 473 K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Exploring the utilisation of flour in ancient Xinjiang is crucial for understanding the use of different grain crops as staple comestibles. In this study, multiple analyses were applied to identify five flour food remnants discovered in the Wupu Cemetery (1100–400 BCE) in Hami, Xinjiang. Results show that two of the samples were comprised of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) mixed with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum spp.), one of wheat and barley, and the remaining two primarily of broomcorn millet with a low quantity of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Plant microfossils analysis and microscopic observation of cross‐sections of the five samples indicate that these crop materials were coarsely ground into flour and then probably baked without fermentation. These findings provide the earliest evidence that broomcorn millet, wheat, and barley were processed as cakes in Hami 3000 years ago. Moreover, the findings in this study also emphasise the reassessment of the role of foxtail millet in the dietary consumption of the ancient Wupu inhabitants, as foxtail millet was abundant in tombs, but scarce in comestible food sources. This research sheds light on and contributes to a more precise reconstruction of the dietary patterns of ancient indigenous people in Hami. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Pleural effusion is not an infrequent complication in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, there is not adequate data to evaluate pleural effusion and prognosis in clinical practice. In this study, we validated this potential association by a multicenter cohort. Methods: We screened 1,162 patients who met the inclusion criteria with PD. According to the existence of pleural effusion on stable dialysis (4–8 weeks after dialysis initiation), the participants were divided into pleural effusion and non-pleural effusion groups. The hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cause-specific death were estimated with adjustment for demographic characteristics and multiple potential clinical confounders. Subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to further verify the robustness of the correlation between hydrothorax and prognosis. Results: Pleural effusion was found in 8.9% (104/1162) of PD individuals. After adjusting for the confounding factors, patients with pleural effusion had significantly increased HRs for all-cause death was 3.06 (2.36–3.96) and cardiovascular death was 3.78 (2.67–5.35) compared to those without pleural effusion. However, it was not associated with infectious and other causes of death. After PSM, the HR of all-cause mortality was 3.56 (2.28–5.56). The association trends were consistent in the subgroup sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: Pleural effusion is not rare in PD, and is significantly associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality, which is independent of underlying diseases and clinically relevant indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal ions doping has been an effective method to optimize the optical properties of quantum dots (QDs) and attracted much interest in recent years. In this work, Cu doped InP/ZnS (Cu:InP/ZnS) QDs have been synthesized via a nucleation-doping method and exhibit dual emission which consists of the intrinsic emission and the dopant emission. With the incremental Cu concentration from 0% to 10%, the dopant emission could be largely tuned from 598 to 707 nm. After introducing Ag ions into Cu:InP/ZnS QDs, the photoluminance (PL) intensity of dual emission gets remarkably enhanced with a PL quantum yield (QY) of 79%, while the emission peak positions change marginally. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved PL spectroscopy measurement, it can be concluded that the dopant emission color is mainly dominated by Cu while Ag is conducive to improve the dual emission of Cu and Ag co-doped InP/ZnS QDs. These results would contribute to further understanding dopant-dependent interaction and render this new class of single-phased and dual-emissive QDs a promising future to be applied in white LED. Unlabelled Image • Cu:InP/ZnS quantum dots exhibit intrinsic and dopant emission tuned from 598 to 707 nm varying the ratio of Cu/In. • After introducing Ag into Cu:InP/ZnS QDs, the intensity of dual emission gets remarkablely enhanced with a PL QY of 79%. • This new class of single-phased and dual-emissive QDs exhibit a promising potential to be applied in white LED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel loaded with lysed OK-432 (lyOK-432) and doxorubicin (DOX) for residual liver cancer after incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: The effect of OK-432 and lyOK-432 was compared in activating dendritic cells (DCs). RADA16-I (R) peptide was dissolved in a mixture of lyOK-432 (O) and DOX (D) to develop an ROD hydrogel. The characteristics of ROD hydrogel were evaluated. Tumor response and mice survival were measured after different treatments. The number of immune cells and cytokine levels were measured, and the activation of cGAS/STING/IFN-I signaling pathway in DC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: LyOK-432 was more effective than OK-432 in promoting DC maturation and activating the IFN-I pathway. ROD was an injectable hydrogel for effectively loading lyOK-432 and DOX, and presented the controlled-release property. ROD treatment achieved the highest tumor necrosis rate (p < 0.001) and the longest survival time (p < 0.001) compared with the other therapies. The ROD group also displayed the highest percentages of DCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001), the lowest level of Treg cells (p < 0.001), and the highest expression levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α (p < 0.001) compared with the other groups. The expression levels of pSTING, pIRF3, and IFN-β in DCs were obviously higher after treatment of lyOK-432 in combination with DOX than the other therapies. The surviving mice in the ROD group showed a growth inhibition of rechallenged subcutaneous tumor. Conclusion: The novel ROD peptide hydrogel induced an antitumor immunity by activating the STING pathway, which was effective for treating residual liver cancer after iRFA of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high activity of water molecules induces notorious side reactions that seriously impair the stability of the Zn metal anode. Inspired by the mechanism of proton transfer in an aqueous solution, ectoine (ET) with a kosmotropic effect is first introduced into the typical aqueous electrolyte of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). The hydrogen bond enhancement brought by the ET additive increases the energy barrier for the reconfiguration of hydrogen bonds, thereby impeding the hopping transport of protons based on the Grotthuss mechanism. The inhibited hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by impeded proton transfer is strongly proved by in situ electrochemical gas chromatography (EC‐GC). The distinctive hydrogen bond enhancement effect of ET results in remarkably improved Zn anode stability while maintaining fast reaction kinetics. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell delivers an ultra‐long cycle life of 5700 h 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and 2000 h at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2 with lower voltage hysteresis, extending a cycling life by >27 and 24 times without sacrificing reaction kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel loaded with lysed OK-432 (lyOK-432) and doxorubicin (DOX) for residual liver cancer after incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: The effect of OK-432 and lyOK-432 was compared in activating dendritic cells (DCs). RADA16-I (R) peptide was dissolved in a mixture of lyOK-432 (O) and DOX (D) to develop an ROD hydrogel. The characteristics of ROD hydrogel were evaluated. Tumor response and mice survival were measured after different treatments. The number of immune cells and cytokine levels were measured, and the activation of cGAS/STING/IFN-I signaling pathway in DC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: LyOK-432 was more effective than OK-432 in promoting DC maturation and activating the IFN-I pathway. ROD was an injectable hydrogel for effectively loading lyOK-432 and DOX, and presented the controlled-release property. ROD treatment achieved the highest tumor necrosis rate (p < 0.001) and the longest survival time (p < 0.001) compared with the other therapies. The ROD group also displayed the highest percentages of DCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001), the lowest level of Treg cells (p < 0.001), and the highest expression levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α (p < 0.001) compared with the other groups. The expression levels of pSTING, pIRF3, and IFN-β in DCs were obviously higher after treatment of lyOK-432 in combination with DOX than the other therapies. The surviving mice in the ROD group showed a growth inhibition of rechallenged subcutaneous tumor. Conclusion: The novel ROD peptide hydrogel induced an antitumor immunity by activating the STING pathway, which was effective for treating residual liver cancer after iRFA of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported two types of tunable white LEDs (WLEDs) based on high quality the single emissive InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and the dual emissive Ag:InP/ZnS QDs via myristic acid (MA) passivation and Ag doping. The WLEDs with three color InP/ZnS QDs could realize color rendering indices (CRIs) of 97–98, color quality scales (CQSs) of 94–98, and limited luminous efficacies (LLEs) of 238–246 lm/W at correlated color temperatures (CCTs) of 2700 K to 6500 K, and the WLEDs with dual emissive Ag:InP/ZnS and red emissive InP/ZnS QDs could realize CRIs of 90–93, CQSs of 90–93, and LLEs of 223–242 lm/W at CCTs of 2700 K to 4000 K. Finally, their luminous efficacies were estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an active disturbance rejection control guidance law is proposed for the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) collision avoidance. First, a linear time-varying collision avoidance model based on a collision cone is established. Then the active disturbance rejection control guidance law is designed to ensure the security of UAV collision avoidance. In addition, the stability of a nonlinear active disturbance rejection system with an extended state observer is proved by the circle criterion, and the stability conditions are used to design the guidance coefficients. A simulation system based on a six-degrees-of-freedom UAV model is used to demonstrate the performance of this guidance law. The results conclusively demonstrate that this method can achieve collision avoidance in the presence of sensor noise, an unknown acceleration of an obstacle, and wind disturbance. Moreover, the manoeuvring range of collision avoidance using this method is narrower than the collision avoidance method based on nonlinear dynamic inversion guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is very little information on the costs of different surgeries for displaced femoral neck fractures. This study aimed to compare the costs between internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty (HA) in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture.Method: A total of 142 patients aged 65 years or older who had been randomized into internal fixation group (n = 70) or HA group (n = 72) were followed for 2 years. Cost data was collected through hospitalization information, cost diary and telephone interview. Sensitivity analysis was performed for missing diaries. The total costs were collected and compared between the two groups.Results: All diaries were completed by 69.7% of patients. The mean costs of primary treatment were significantly lower for internal fixation (CNY 21,631) compared with HA (CNY 51,641) (p < 0.001). The mean post-discharge costs were similar for both procedures: CNY 37,377 for internal fixation and CNY 34,981 for HA (p = 0.640). The mean total costs for internal fixation were CNY 59,008, which was significantly lower than the mean total costs of CNY 86,622 for HA (p = 0.002).Conclusion: Although the post-discharge costs of internal fixation were slightly higher, the total costs were still lower than for HA due to great variance in costs of primary treatment. In China, internal fixation may be less costly than HA for displaced femoral neck fracture treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Detecting Small Lung Tumors in Mouse Models by Refractive-Index Microradiology" that was published in a 2011 issue is presented.

Abundant ancient seeds of plants in the genus Melilotus have been concurrently unearthed with grain crops and livestock bones from the Keyakekuduke beacon tower of the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907) in Xinjiang, northwest China. This is the first time that a high concentration of Melilotus seeds has been found in archaeobotanical records in Xinjiang. Combined with the military nature of the site as well as the theoretical adequacy of using Melilotus plants as fodder, the high proportion of Melilotus remains is hypothesized to be an indication of its ancient use as army horse fodder with possible other applications. As a drought-tolerant plant adapted to high ambient temperatures, the use of Melilotus as a forage legume by ancient frontier soldiers might have been a judicious choice given local arid climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global impact of mosquito-borne diseases has increased significantly over recent decades. Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV), a newly classified orthobunyavirus, is reported to be highly pathogenic in adult mice. The evaluation of vector competence is essential for predicting the arbovirus transmission risk. Here, Aedes aegypti was applied to evaluate EBIV infection and dissemination in mosquitos. Our experiments indicated that Ae. aegypti had the possibility to spread EBIV (with a transmission rate of up to 11.8% at 14 days post-infection) through biting, with the highest viral dose in a single mosquito's saliva reaching 6.3 plaque-forming units. The highest infection, dissemination and ovary infection rates were 70%, 42.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. The high viral infection rates in Ae. aegypti ovaries imply the possibility of EBIV vertical transmission. Ae. aegypti was highly susceptible to intrathoracic infection and the saliva-positive rate reached 90% at 10 days post-infection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed Toll and Imd signaling pathways were implicated in the mosquito's defensive response to EBIV infection. Defensin C and chitinase 10 were continuously downregulated in mosquitoes infected via intrathoracic inoculation of EBIV. Comprehensive analysis of the vector competence of Ae. aegypti for EBIV in laboratory has indicated the potential risk of EBIV transmission through mosquitoes. Moreover, our findings support a complex interplay between EBIV and the immune system of mosquito, which could affect its vector competence. Author summary: Aedes aegypti, the major vector of numerous clinically important arboviruses such as dengue virus, is frequently used in studies of vector competence for arboviruses. Our findings imply that Ae. aegypti can get infected with EBIV following either oral feeding or intrathoracic injection, posing a risk of viral transmission. After oral infection, EBIV was able to enter saliva when the viral titer in the gut exceeded a threshold. Remarkably, the saliva-positive rates in mosquitoes infected by intrathoracic injection were greater than those infected by oral feeding. The results of oral feeding and intrathoracic injection indicate that the midgut escape barrier (MEB) is the principal barrier to EBIV infection in Ae. aegypti. According to our analysis of the changes in gene expression after infection, we also found that the expression of some immune-related genes changed during early viral infection, whereas the expression of mosquito genes involved in metabolism showed significant differences at late stage of virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the need for policy development on arsenic (As) in rice has been recognized and a legally enforceable maximum contaminant level (MCL) for inorganic arsenic (Asi) in rice has been established in China, evidence reported in this article indicates that the risk of exposure to As for the Chinese population through rice is still underestimated. Polished rice from various production regions of China was analyzed for total As and arsenic species using HPLC–ICPMS. Total As concentration ranged 65.3–274.2 ng g−1, with an average value of 114.4 ng g−1. Four arsenic species, including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), were detected in most rice samples. The Asi (As(III) + As(V)) species was predominant, accounting for approximately 72% of the total As in rice, with a mean concentration of 82.0 ng g−1. In assessing the risk from As in rice, we found that As intake for the Chinese population through rice is higher than from drinking water, with a 37.6% contribution to the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) of As recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), compared with 1.5% from drinking water. Compared to other countries, the risk for the Chinese from exposure to As through rice is more severe due to the large rice consumption in China. Therefore, not only the scientific community but also local authorities should take this risk seriously. Furthermore, more stringent legislation of the MCL for rice should be enacted to protect the Chinese consumer from a high intake of As. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly focuses on the optimal output feedback control problem for networked control systems (NCSs) involving multiplicative noises, packet dropouts, input delays and measurement delays. The main contributions of this paper can be concluded as follows. Firstly, different from the previous results, this paper overcomes the barrier of the packet dropouts and measurement delays. Based on the measurement data, the optimal estimator is given. Secondly, by using maximum principle, a sufficient and necessary condition for the optimal control problem is presented. Moreover, the explicit output feedback controller is derived with feedback gain based on the coupled Riccati difference equations. Numerical example is illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history and mechanisms of dust storms in northern China remain unclear owing to the paucity of reliable long-term, high-resolution geological records. In this study, we reconstructed the dust storm history of the last ~500 years in northern China, based on sedimentary coarse fraction (>63 µm) of a well-dated core from Lake Daihai, Inner Mongolia. The high-resolution data reveal three intervals of frequent dust storms: AD 1520–1580, AD 1610–1720, and AD 1870–2000. The dust storm events in the Lake Daihai area were broadly synchronous with those inferred from other historical or geological records and generally occurred during cold intervals. Changes in the intensity of Siberian High and the westerlies modulated by temperature variations are the likely major factors controlling dust storm dynamics. An interesting feature is that although the intensities of dust storms have been systematically increased during the recent warming period, a clear decreasing trend within this period is evident. The recent increase in average dust storm intensity may be ascribed to an increase in particle supply resulting from a rapid increase in human activity, whereas the weakening trend was likely caused by decreases in average wind speed resulting from the recent global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a trace hydrogen sensing system based on distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB-FL). The sensor head was fabricated by inserting the DFB-FL into a glass capillary coated with hydrogen sensitive material. The wavelength of the DFB-FL changed under the exothermic reaction of Pt-WO3 with hydrogen and was demodulated by a Michelson interferometer. The experimental results at hydrogen concentration of 50 to 3800 ppm show that the hydrogen sensitivity of the system is 0.0386 pm/ppm and the linearity index R2 is >0.99. The repeatability of the system is 99.4% and the accuracy is 97.43% at hydrogen concentration of 50 ppm. The figure of merit of the system is 0.0385. The proposed DFB-FL sensor with good repeatability and anti-electronic interference has application prospects in many fields such as the detection of trace hydrogen in transformer oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring ancient socio-economic adaptation is a basic issue of human-environment interaction. Xinjiang in northwest China is a region of high geographic diversity. Past human adaptations to this arid marginal area is a current focus of research interest but still lacks in-depth study. This article presents data from the Wupu Cemetery, located in the extremely arid Hami Basin in the eastern Tianshan Mountains. Archaeobotanical analysis is used to reconstruct the local environment niche and the subsistence economy of inhabitants. Radiocarbon dating results indicate the cemetery was occupied between 3000 and 2400 cal BP, during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. In total 16 species of the plant remains are identified, including four cereal crops, foxtail millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 12 wild types. The riparian plant Populus euphratica and aquatic plant Typha sp. indicate inhabitants lived in an oasis near the cemetery. Environmental interpretation of this data compares well with other seven sites in arid southern Xinjiang. In addition to faunal remains from the site, it is assumed that a flexible system of multi-crop farming and herding was the subsistence pattern around Wupu. This system was widespread across Inner Asia and appears to have played a central role in adapting to different marginal environments during the Bronze Age and Iron Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Injectable hydrogel loaded with lysed OK-432 and doxorubicin for residual liver cancer after incomplete radiofrequency ablation" published in the Journal of Nanobiotechnology. The correction addresses an error in the affiliation of one of the authors. The correct affiliation should be "Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China" instead of "Department of Radiology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China." The correction has been made to the original article. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • Spermidine (Spd) can promote cell proliferation and pigment synthesis. • Fucoxanthin were the highest when spermidine was added under low light. • PDS was up-regulated and VDE was down-regulated with exogenous Spd in low light. • Spd may repair the photosynthetic system at high light but little effect on pigments. Spermidine is a type of important growth regulator, which involved in the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, and has the function of promoting cell proliferation. In this study, Isochrysis sp. was selected as the research object to explore the effects of spermidine supplementation on the growth of algal cells and fucoxanthin synthesis under different light intensities. The results showed that the cell density (5.40 × 106 cells/mL) of algae were the highest at 11 days under the light intensity of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 and spermidine content of 150 μM. The contents of diadinoxanthin (1.09 mg/g) and fucoxanthin (6.11 mg/g) were the highest when spermidine was added under low light intensity, and the growth of algal cells and fucoxanthin metabolism were the most significant. In the carotenoid synthesis pathway, PDS (phytoene desaturase) was up-regulated by 1.96 times and VDE (violaxanthin de-epoxidase) was down-regulated by 0.95 times, which may promote fucoxanthin accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium-free InP quantum dots (QDs) exhibit many unique optical properties, and show great promise as light emitting materials. In this work, a series of high-efficient and color-tunable transition metal ions (Cu, Mn) single- and co-doped InP/ZnS QDs with the average size of 3.2–3.7 nm, were firstly prepared via a nucleation-doping method in an organic synthetic route. These three kinds of doped InP/ZnS QDs all exhibit dual emission with one peak position around green region owing to the intrinsic state and the other peak position around orange-red region resulted from dopant emission, the relative intensity of which can be effectively tuned by varying Cu or Mn dopant concentration. The dopant emission of Cu doped InP/ZnS QDs from 572 to 696 nm can be realized via increasing Cu dopant concertration from 0.25% to 10%, while the peak position of dopant emission in Mn doped InP/ZnS QDs system remains unaltered as Mn dopant concentration increasing. Besides, the interaction mechanism of Cu and Mn dopant in co-doped InP/ZnS QDs system was investigated with steady-state and time-resolved PL spectroscopy measurements. The results reveal that the dopant emission is dominated by Cu doping rather than Mn doping. These unique results in doped InP/ZnS QDs would help to understand the fundamental aspects of doping, and the dual-emissive and color-tunable optical properties of single-phase doped InP/ZnS QDs will endow them with great promise as color-converting materials for use in solid-state lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) have been regarded as novel heavy-metal-free fluorescent materials because of their prominent optical features. In this work, one type of amphipathic CDs is prepared by facile one-step solvothermal treatment of p -Phenylenediamine. The obtained CDs own numerous surface function groups which endow them prominent dispersibility in different solvents. Absorption, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy have been adopted to investigate the mutual influence between the surface groups and different solvent molecules on the optical properties of the CDs. Strong solvatochromic behavior with tunable emission from blue to green and strict excitation-independent emission characteristic can be observed when the as-prepared CDs are dissolved in different solvents, suggesting their feasible sensing applications as an alternative of solvatochromic dye molecules. Furthermore, highly selective detection of Cu2+ ions using the as-synthesized CDs as sensing probes is achieved. It is expected that the investigated CDs with solvent-dependent optical properties as well as selective Cu2+ detection may have broad application prospects in bioimaging and biodetecting. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Amphipathic carbon dots (CDs) was synthesized via a facial one-step solvothermal route. • The CDs exhibit strong solvatochromic behavior and strict excitation-independent emission feature in different solvents. • The CDs can sensitively and selectively detect Cu2+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual emissive Cd-free quantum dots (QDs) are in great demand for various applications. However, their synthesis has been faced with challenges. Here, we demonstrate the dual emissive Ag:InP/ZnS core/shell QDs with the excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) up to 75% and their PL dependence on the reaction temperature, reaction time, the different ZnX 2 (X = I, Cl, and Br) precursors, the ratio of In/Zn and the Ag dopant concentration. The as-prepared Ag:InP/ZnS QDs exhibit dual emission with one peak position of about 492 nm owing to the intrinsic emission, and the other peak position of about 575 nm resulting from Ag-doped emission. These dual emissive QDs are integrated with the commercial GaN-based blue LEDs, and the simulation results show that the Ag:InP/ZnS QDs-based white LEDs could realize bright natural white-lights with the luminous efficacy (LE) of 94.2-98.4 lm/W, the color rendering index (CRI) of 82–83 and the color quality scale (CQS) of 82–83 at different correlated color temperatures (CCT). This unique combination of the above properties makes this new class of dual emissive QDs attractive for white LED applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, transition metal ion- doped zinc-based quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized via a greener controllable method to avoid the toxicity of the traditional cadmium-based QDs and broaden the tunable emission. Herein, the tunable emission of Cu-doped ZnInS/ZnS core-shell QDs (Cu:ZnInS/ZnS) can cover from 500 to 620 nm by varying the Cu dopant concentration from 1 to 20% and the maximum quantum yield can reach 49.8%. Based on the single-doped QDs, Cu,Mn co-doped ZnInS/ZnS core-shell QDs (Cu,Mn:ZnInS/ZnS) with a photoluminance (PL) quantum yield of 30.4% are obtained. All the as-synthesized QDs have the zinc blende structure and the average size is about 3.55 nm. Besides, the interaction mechanism between the Cu and Mn dopant luminescence centers is proposed in this work, which is rarely investigated in the previous report. Diffusion priority and energy transfer between these two dopants are supposed to play an important role in the co-doped QDs and Cu ions could affect the splitting of Mn d states. Color coordinates of these doped QDs show the line-tunability from (0.200, 0.397) to (0.408, 0.508) on the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromatic diagram, showing a promising potential in high-quality white light output by integration of these QDs with blue chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthobunyaviruses have been reported to cause severe diseases in humans or animals, posing a potential threat to human health and socio-economy. Ebinur lake virus (EBIV) is a newly classified orthobunyavirus, which can induce the histopathogenic change and even the high mortality of infected BALB/c mice. Therefore, it is needed to further study the viral replication and pathogenesis, and develop the therapies to cope with its potential infection to human or animals. Here, through the reverse genetics system, the recombinant EBIV of wild type (rEBIV/WT) and NP-conjugated-eGFP (rEBIV/eGFP/S) were rescued for the application of the high-content screening (HCS) of antiviral drug. The eGFP fluorescence signal of the rEBIV/eGFP/S was stable in the process of successive passage in BHK-21 cells (over 10 passages) and this recombinant virus could replicate in various cell lines. Compared to the wild type EBIV, the rEBIV/eGFP/S caused the smaller plaques (diameter around 1 mm on 3 dpi) and lower peak titers (105 PFU/mL), suggesting attenuation due to the eGFP insertion. Through the high-content screening (HCS) system, two antiviral compounds, ribavirin and favipiravir, which previously reported to have effect to some bunyavirus were tested firstly. Ribavirin showed an inhibitory effect on the rEBIV/eGFP/S (EC50 = 14.38 μM) as our expect, while favipiravir with no inhibitory effect even using high doses. Furthermore, Tyrphostin A9 (EC50 = 0.72 μM for rEBIV/eGFP/S, EC50 = 0.05 μM for EBIV-WT) and UNC0638 (EC50 = 1.26 μM for rEBIV/eGFP/S, EC50 = 1.10 μM for rEBIV/eGFP/S) were identified with strong antiviral effect against EBIV in vitro from 150 antiviral compounds. In addition, the time-of-addition assay indicated that Tyrphostin A9 worked in the stage of viral post-infection, and the UNC0638 in all pre-, co-, and post-infection stages. This robust reverse genetics system will facilitate the investigation into the studying of viral replication and assembly mechanisms, and the development of drug and vaccine for EBIV in the future. • The first reverse genetic system of EBIV has been constructed. • Reporter EBIV with eGFP has been developed to use in the application of high content screening. • Tyrphostin A9 and UNV0638 are identified to have strong antiviral effect against EBIV when compare to Ribavirin. • UNC0638 works in all stages including pre-, co-, and post-infection, while Tyrphostin A9 only works in viral replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transmitted optical fiber sensing system based on orthogonal demodulation algorithm is used for hydrogen detection in this paper. WO 3 /Pt fabricated by sol–gel method was used as sensing material. WO 3 film reacts with hydrogen by the catalysis of Pt and refractive index of the sensing film changed, by measuring the transmitted optical power the concentration of hydrogen can be detected. Orthogonal demodulation algorithm was used to demodulate the weak transmitted optical intensity signals. Compared with the traditional ratio-type transmitted optical fiber hydrogen sensing system, the noise reduced by 28 times. The limit of detection is 495ppm and with good repeatability and stability. In order to improve the sensitivity of the system, three pieces of sensing film were used to increase the interaction length of the sensing material with hydrogen and the sensitivity increased by 2.592 times. With the orthogonal demodulated technique and multi pieces of sensing film, high sensitivity, fast response and low cost hydrogen sensing system was implemented and is very promising for the monitoring of hydrogen leakage in the field of hydrogen production, transportation, and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the mechanism of moss as air pollution biomonitor, the moss samples were exposed in a pollution site of Shanghai Institute of Steel Research (SISR) and a control site of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SIAP) simultaneously for one month. The concentrations of trace elements in the micro areas of leaf and stem, as well as in the whole moss tissue, were determined using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) method. The distributions of some metal elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ca and K in the leaf surface and the stem slice were obtained. The results showed that the metallic ions were not evenly distributed after adsorption. In particular, some elements of K, Ni, Fe, Pb, etc., were concentrated in the leaf apex and the intermediate rib. Under pollution condition, the excessive Pb was adsorbed and deposited in the leaf. It caused serious damage to plant growth and ultrastructure, also suppressed moss' normal absorption to the nutritive elements of K, Ca, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]