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The Tudigou porphyry Cu deposit is located in the central part of the southern Qinling belt. Copper mineralization is closely associated with monzogranite porphyry. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of monzogranite porphyry suggests that the ages of magmatism at Tudigou vary between 150 ± 1 and 148 ± 1 Ma and overlap with the molybdenite Re–Os age of 150–148 Ma, indicating that the Tudigou intrusion and associated mineralization formed during the Late Jurassic. The enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements, depletion in high‐field‐strength elements, high Ba/Th and La/Yb ratios, and negative correlation between Dy/Yb and La/Sm ratios, together with narrow ranges of εHf(t) values (εHf(t) = −4.0 to +1.4) suggest monzogranite porphyry was derived from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle with minor crustal components contribution, which is also evidenced by the lead isotopic result. The La/Yb ratios of 30 Mesozoic plutons in the southern Qinling belt were used to calculate the Moho depth, which suggests that the magmatism and mineralization in the region occurred during lithosphere thinning in response to the tectonic transition from compression to extension transitional regime. The calculated oxygen fugacity of the Late Mesozoic porphyry deposits in the Qinling–Dabie orogen have identical ΔFMQ values (averaging +1.4 to +2.4). However, the V/Sc ratios (the proxy for water content) are distinct among different deposit sizes, indicating that the dissolved water in the magma plays a critical role in porphyry‐type mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the pathogen of viral nervous necrosis, can infect >120 fish species, causing huge economic losses each year. It is proved that subunit vaccine has the advantages of safety, low cost and green, and can effectively prevent aquaculture diseases. In our previous study, capsid protein demonstrated its potential as a protective subunit vaccine. In this study, we scanned a peptide fragment (P4) containing effect epitopes, which were loaded by single-walled carbon nanotubes induced strong and sustained immune responses in grouper. In detail, RNA2 was divided into 4 fragments and recombinant proteins were obtained through prokaryotic expression. Immunogenicity of the proteins was detected by Elisa. The selected gene fragment was continue divided into 4 fragments as above. Elisa showed P4 had the strongest immunogenicity. Next, P4 was loaded by SWCNTs as an immersion vaccine to immunize pearl gentian groupers. Result showed the vaccine stimulated fish produce strong and sustained immune responses, including high antibody level, increased activities of ACP, AKP and SOD, various degree up-regulation of immune related gene expressions (IgM, Mx1, TNFα, IL-1β, CD4 and MHCII). In addition, the vaccine provided the highest RPS of over 84.13%. Compared with the previous study, a shorter peptide fragment means the code gene is more conservative and has a stronger ability to deal with the viral mutations and different strains. • P4 scanned from capsid protein contains effective epitopes. • Vaccine prepared in the research induced strong immune response. • Vaccine provided a high protection for pearl gentian grouper against nervous necrosis virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qinling orogenic belt hosts many porphyry Mo deposits, which were formed by ore-forming fluids exsolved from oxidized magmas. Detailed processes of ore fluids evolution and metal deposition mechanisms of porphyry Mo deposits remain unclear. The quartz solubility model and cathodoluminescence (CL) images combined with fluid inclusions (FIs) and isotope analyses at the Nantai Mo deposit provide new insights into processes and physicochemical conditions for Mo mineralization. Based on field and microscopy of ore and alteration assemblages together with CL images, four types of hydrothermal veins (i.e., A, B, C, and D veins) have been identified. The quartz in A veins intergrown with K-feldspar precipitated from high-temperature and low- to intermediate-salinity fluids under near-lithostatically conditions. B vein comprises quartz and K-feldspar and forms at 336–466 °C, pH from 6.30 to 11.02, and oxygen fugacity (f O2) of −30.81 to −24.26. Hydrothermal fluids during this stage underwent phase separation under ductile to brittle transition. C veins include muscovite and most molybdenite without quartz, indicating that they formed in the retrograde quartz solubility field at 353 to 398 °C. Thermodynamic calculation suggests molybdenite mainly precipitated under f O2 from −32.37 to −29.05 and pH from 2.68 to 6.54. Quartz in D veins formed from low-temperature and low-salinity fluids. Sulfur isotopic analyses suggest that the ore components are derived from the old crust. The main factors controlling Mo mineralization at Nantai are the decreases in f O2 and pH values of hydrothermal fluids. [Display omitted] • The ore-forming components were sourced from magma that derived from an old crust. • The mark of ore-forming fluids is high-temperature, low- to intermediate-salinity, and intermediate-density. • The decrease in f O2 and pH of the hydrothermal fluids lead to molybdenite formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Chigou copper deposit formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting. • The ore-forming magma was mainly derived from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle. • Different magma sources may be a key factor controlling different mineralization. The Chigou copper deposit is situated in the southern part of the Qinling orogenic belt, central China, where quartz diorite and quartz diorite porphyry are associated with porphyry-type copper mineralization. Copper generally occurs as veins, veinlets, and disseminations within-host porphyries. The zircon dates tightly constrain the timing of host porphyries to ca. 149–146 Ma, in agreement with the age of porphyry copper mineralization (146.1 ± 2.8 Ma) constrained by using molybdenite Re–Os dating. The calculated zircon ΔFMQ values for quartz diorite are −9.4 to +9.9 (averaging +4.3). The Chigou granitoids show similar geochemical compositions to high-Barium-Strontium (high Ba-Sr) granites, with high Ba (2256–3717 ppm) and Sr (737–1345 ppm), low Rb (86.2–129 ppm), U (1.9–4.7 ppm), Th (16.2–31.2 ppm), and Nb (11.4–19.1 ppm) concentrations, as well as lack of negative Eu anomalies. The concentrated ε Hf (t) values (−3.0 to +1.4), moderate Mg# values (41–52), and high (Hf/Sm) PMN and La/Sm ratios, but low Ba/Th, U/Th, and (Ta/La) PMN ratios indicate that ore-forming magmas derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle that had been metasomatized by subducted sediment-derived melts with a minor crustal contribution. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the Chigou deposit formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting during the Late Jurassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is an significant pathogen that causes high mortality and related economic losses in bass aquaculture. There is no effective or approved therapy to date. In this study, we evaluated the anti‐MSRV effects of 22 quinoline derivatives in grass carp ovary (GCO) cells. Among these compounds, 8‐hydroxyquinoline exhibited valid inhibition in decreasing MSRV nucleoprotein gene expression levels of 99.3% with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) value of 4.66 μM at 48 h. Moreover, 8‐hydroxyquinoline significantly enhanced a protective effect in GCO cells by reducing the cytopathic effect (CPE). By comparing the anti‐MSRV activity of 22 quinoline derivatives, we found that 8‐hydroxyquinoline possessed the efficient active site of 8‐hydroxyl and inhibited MSRV infection in vitro. For in vivo studies, 8‐hydroxyquinoline via intraperitoneal injection exhibited an antiviral effect in MSRV‐infected largemouth bass by substantially enhancing the survival rate by 15.0%. Importantly, the viral loads in the infected largemouth bass notably reduced in the spleen on the third days post‐infection. Overall, 8‐hydroxyquinoline was considered to be an efficient agent against MSRV in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ore-forming fluids were dominant by magmatic water which were diluted by later meteoric water. • Ore-forming metals were sourced from mantle with minor crustal components. • Decreases in temperature and Oxygen fugacity, and the fluid boiling contributed to precipitation of sulfides. The Chigou porphyry Cu deposit is located in eastern segment of the Southern Qinling metallogenic belt, on the southern margin of the Central China Orogenic Belt. Copper mineralization is associated with quartz diorite, quartz diorite porphyry and granite porphyry, and occurs as veins, veinlets, disseminations, or veinlet-disseminations within host porphyries. Ore-forming process could be divided into three stages: stage I quartz + K-feldspar + pyrite ± chalcopyrite, stage II quartz + chlorite + chalcopyrite ± molybdenite and stage III quartz + calcite + pyrite. Four types of fluid inclusions (FIs) were distinguished in quartz-bearing veins, including vapor-rich two-phase (V-type), liquid-rich two-phase (L-type), hypersaline (H-type), and CO 2 -rich (C-type) inclusions. The FIs were homogenized at temperatures of 330–473 °C for stage I, 174–345 °C for stage II, and 128–272 °C for stage III, with corresponding salinities of 3.8–53.6 wt% NaCl equiv., 1.4–15.1 wt% NaCl equiv., and 0.4–7.7 wt% NaCl equiv., respectively. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicate that the ore-forming fluids have a dominant magma signature and were diluted by meteoric water during the late stage. Chalcopyrite and pyrite from different stages record a narrow range of δ34S values from −0.2 to −2‰, consistent with the sulfur isotopic values of typical magmatic-hydrothermal system. Chalcopyrite has similar 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios to those of porphyry intrusions. All stable and radiogenic isotope results reveal that the ore-forming components (i.e. metal and sulfur) were sourced from a magmatic reservoir with some crustal materials. Laser Raman micro spectroscopy data and fluid inclusion analytical results suggest that the Chigou deposit was formed by an initially high- to intermediate-temperature, high-oxygen fugacity (f O2) and CO 2 -rich fluid system at an estimated depth of 0.7–2.1 km. Decreases in temperature and f O2 as well as fluid boiling were critical factors controlling sulfide precipitation at Chigou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research focuses on two main instruments of control over international joint ventures: the distribution of capital between partners and the expatriation policies of managers. Various studies show that the distribution of capital differs according to the degree of development of the host country. Using systematic random pulling of 323 international examples in the 1999 directory of the subsidiary companies of Japanese firms world-wide, we subject this assumption to empirical checking. On the issue of expatriation policy, our research aims to validate the general model of Perlmutter (1969, 1974) enriched by Edström and Galbraith (1977). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grouper is an important cultured fish in China. However, a large number of larval and juvenile groupers dead from the infection of nervous necrosis virus every year, which calls for an effective prevention and control measure. In this study, recombinant major capsid protein (MCP) of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) was produced through a prokaryotic expression vector as a subunit vaccine. We processed single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) by conc H 2 SO 4 and conc. HNO 3 to make it a carrier for the vaccine. The fish were inoculated by immersion immunization for 6 h and three concentrations included 5, 10, 20 mg/L were set. Antibody levels, immunization related enzyme activities of acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, and alkaline phosphatase in serum as well as the transcription of immune genes (IgM, Mx1, IL1-β, TNFα, CD4, CD8. MHC I, and MHC II) were tested. According to the results, the data of vaccine with the carrier had a significant increase compared with that without. After the virus challenge test, the vaccines carried by SWCNTs with concentrate of 5, 10, 20 mg/L of provided the relative survival rates of 28.57%, 50.62%, 70.76% respectively, while 16.67%, 25.93%, 33.33% were provided by the vaccines without SWCNTs. Besides, the body length and weight of a fish were measured every week, the data showed that there was no significant difference among the groups. The research showed the immersion subunit vaccine loaded by SWCNTs can protect pearl gentian grouper from NNV. • Major capsid protein (MCP) of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) induces effective immune response. • SWCNTs enhance the immunological activity by immersion. • SWCNTs-MCP provides a good protection for pearl gentian grouper against nervous necrosis virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iridovirus of Taiwan (TGIV) has been threatening the grouper farming since 1997, effective prophylaxis method is urgently needed. Subunit vaccine was proved to be useful to against the virus. Bath is the simplest method of vaccination and easy to be administrated without any stress to fish. In this research, we constructed a prokaryotic expression vector of TGIV's major capsid protein (MCP) to acquire the vaccine. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as the carrier to enhance the protective effect of bath vaccination for juvenile pearl gentian grouper (bath with concentrations of 5, 10, 20 mg/L for 6 h). Virus challenge was done after 28 days. Survival rates were calculated after 14 days. The level of antibody, activities of related enzymes in serums and expression of immune-related genes in kidneys and spleens were test. The results showed that vaccine with SWCNTs as carrier induced a higher level of antibody than that without. In addition, the activities of related enzymes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase) and the expression of immune-related genes (Mx1, IgM, TNFαF, Lysozyme, CC chemokine 1, IL1-β, IL-8) had a significantly increase. What's more, higher survival rates (42.10%, 77.77%, 89.47%) were provided by vaccine with SWCNTs than vaccine without SWCNTs (29.41%, 38.09%, 43.75%). This study suggests that the protective effect of vaccine that against TGIV with the method of bath vaccination could be enhanced by SWCNTs and SWCNTs could be a potential carrier for other subunit vaccines. • SWCNTs enhance the immune protective effect of bath subunit vaccine. • SWCNTs-MCP enhances the immunological activity against TGIV infection. • SWCNTs-MCP provides a good protection for pearl gentian grouper against TGIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Juvenile social isolation (SI) and neglect is associated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. While dysfunction of the corticolimbic pathway is considered to link various abnormal behaviors in SI models of schizophrenia, the enduring effects of early social deprivation on physiological properties of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) are not well understood. Objectives: This study investigated the impacts of juvenile SI on locomotor activity to methamphetamine (METH) and neurophysiological characteristics of MSNs in the core of NAc. Methods: Socially isolated C57BL/6 mice experienced single housing for 4 weeks on postnatal day (PND) 21. The locomotor response to METH (1.0 mg/kg) was observed in both socially isolated and group-housed mice at PND 56. The effects of juvenile SI on the excitatory synaptic events in MSNs and the intrinsic excitability of MSNs in NAc core were investigated in other batches during PND 63–70. Results: Socially isolated mice showed locomotor hypersensitivity to METH, although the expression of locomotor sensitization to METH in socially isolated mice was not different from group-housed mice. The recordings from MSNs of SI-reared mice exhibited higher frequency and smaller amplitude of miniature/spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current than those from group-reared mice. Moreover, SI resulted in increased intrinsic excitability of MSNs in adult mice. Conclusions: These results demonstrate neuronal hyperactivity in the NAc of socially isolated mice, which could contribute to locomotor hypersensitivity to METH. Furthermore, the findings indicate a biological link between early negative life events and the vulnerability to psychostimulant-induced psychosis in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two distinct geological ages of molybdenite are determined at Sanchakou. • Decreased temperature and f O2 contributed to porphyry-style ore formation. • High grade copper was likely attributed to overprinting mineralization event. • Identification of an old deformation-related porphyry Cu deposit in Xinjiang is helpful for guiding ore exploration. The Sanchakou Cu deposit is located in the eastern section of the Dananhu arc belt in Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, and recorded multiple magmatic-mineralization events. The porphyry-style mineralization period produced disseminated, sulfide-dominant veined, and patchy sulfides containing chalcopyrite ± bornite ± carrolite ± molybdenite (Mol-1), which was associated with magnetite ± biotite ± chlorite ± sericite alteration in a suite of quartz diorite intrusions. The overprinting mineralization period contributed to minor Cu and Mo mineralization, featured by later disseminated molybdenite (Mol-2), chalcopyrite, and widespread low-temperature (<280 °C) vein-type stellerite assemblages. Two distinct geological ages of molybdenite (including Mol-1 and Mol-2) from Sanchakou have been determined in this study. The old 187Re/187Os isochron age for euhedral Mol-1 represents the timing of original porphyry-style mineralization (386 ± 16 Ma), in agreement with LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of dark diorite dykes (390 ± 11 Ma). The young 187Re/187Os age for fine-grained Mol-2 is interpreted to be a maximum age of sulfide formation or remobilization (364 ± 15 Ma), most likely associated with the emplacement of Late Devonian gneissic granite intrusions. Fluid inclusion microthermometry, mineralogy, and physicochemical calculations for the porphyry-type mineralization period (including four stages) at Sanchakou suggest that earlier magmatic fluids have evolved from high T (310–460 °C), high log f O2 (−22 to − 26), and alkaline condition during stage I to low T, low log f O2 (−3 4), and acidic condition during stage II. The decrease of oxygen fugacity caused by abundant deposition of magnetite in stage I produced large-scale Cu and Mo precipitation. Stage II to IV fluids have gradually decreasing temperatures and salinities, due to involvement of meteoric water that also facilitates the ore deposition. This result is consistent with the evolution of O isotope compositions of the fluids (δ18O fluids = − 9.3 to 4.3), further implying the significance of fluid mixing instead of fluid boiling that caused ore deposition. Locally high-grade copper concentrations at Sanchakou are likely attributed to the overprinting modification event on the original ore bodies. All of these observations indicate that the Paleozoic Sanchakou ore-forming system is similar to other deformed porphyry Cu systems in the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB) and worldwide. The Cu mineralization and modification event at Sanchakou is coincident with the second peak productivity in CAOB. We further suggest that the Paleozoic diorite complex and stellerite alteration can be as a significant exploration target for porphyry-style Cu mineralization in the Eastern Tianshan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three novel transition metal coordination polymers, [Ni(CHNO)·2CHOH] ( 1), [Zn(CHNO)·4CHOH] ( 2) and [Cd(CHNO)·2CHOH] ( 3) (CHNO=2-acetylpyridine- d-tryptophan) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, H NMR and X-ray diffraction single crystal analysis. The analyses of the structures indicate that all three materials crystallize in the tetragonal crystal system, space group P422. They have similar structures; i.e., the Schiff base coordinates in its deprotonated form and behaves as a hexadentate (4N+2O) coordinated ligand to form a distorted octahedron geometry. On the other hand, as a result of the alternate arrangement of chains through N-H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds interactions, 2-D layers are formed for the three complexes. Furthermore, the luminescent properties and thermal stabilities of the three complexes were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Bailingshan dacitic tuffs formed at 312 Ma. • Bailingshan dacitic tuffs were derived from melting of juvenile lower crust mixed with mantle materials. • The dacitic tuffs and iron mineralization were generated by the subduction of the Paleo-Tianshan oceanic plate. The Bailingshan deposit is an economically important Fe deposit in Eastern Tianshan, located in the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, northwest China. The orebodies at Bailingshan are mainly hosted in the Carboniferous volcanic rocks. In this study, new secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock geochemistry, zircon Hf-O isotopic analyses and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses were carried out on the Bailingshan dacitic tuff. New SIMS zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the dacitic tuff occurred in the Late Carboniferous (312.1 ± 3.3 Ma and 312.4 ± 4.4 Ma). The geochemistry of the dacitic tuff is consistent with calc-alkaline arc magmatism, characterized by high SiO 2 (70.33–74.70 wt%) and (La/Yb) N values of 1.06 to 3.47. In addition, the Bailingshan dacitic tuff displays variable ε Hf (t) values (+8.2 to + 14.1), low δ18O values (4.70 to 6.35 ‰), high Mg# values (30–59), together with relatively uniform ε Nd(t) values from + 2.1 to + 5.8 and (87Sr/86Sr) i ratios ranging from 0.703818 to 0.707168, suggesting a fractional crystallization dominated origination from melting of a juvenile lower crust that mixed with the depleted mantle materials was most likely responsible for genesis of the Bailingshan dacitic tuffs. Combined with regional tectonic evolution and our new data, we infer that the change of subduction angle led to the rupture of magma chamber and the release of the Fe-rich fluids from magma chamber, causing the iron mineralization and relevant alteration of Bailingshan deposit in the Aqishan-Yanmansu arc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pair of stereoisomers of magnesium Schiff base complexes, [Mg(C18H16N3O2)2·2CH3OH]n(1) (C18H16N3O2: 2-acetylpyridine-l-tryptophan) and [Mg(C18H16N3O2)2·2CH3OH]n(2) (C18H16N3O2: 2-acetylpyridine-d-tryptophan), was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, elemental analysis,1H NMR, and X-ray diffraction single crystal analysis. The analyses of the structures indicate that they all crystallize in the tetragonal crystal system, space groupP43212andP41212, respectively. The two magnesium complexes have similar crystal structures. Mg(II) is six-coordinate with two nitrogens from C=N, two nitrogens from pyridine, and two carboxylic oxygens in different ligands forming a distorted octahedral geometry. Through N–H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds a 2-D layer structure was formed. The interaction between1and calf thymus DNA was also investigated by UV absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra and viscometry. The results indicate that1interacts with DNA very strongly (Kb = 2.01 × 107 L mol−1andKsq = 0.195). The nature of the binding seems to be mainly an electrostatic interaction between DNA and the magnesium complex. Other binding modes, such as hydrogen bonds, may also exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contributions of the amino and imino resonance forms to the ground-state structures of 2-amino-4-methylpyridinium nitrate, C6H9N2+·NO3−, and the previously reported 2-amino-5-methylpyridinium nitrate [Yan, Fan, Bi, Zuo & Zhang (2012). Acta Cryst. E 68, o2084], were studied using a combination of IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the structures of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine and 2-amino-5-methylpyridine obtained upon protonation are best described as existing largely in the imino resonance forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The f O2 of ore-forming magma at Nantai is suitable for forming a porphyry Mo deposit. • Nantai granitoids are derived from partial melting of lower crust with mantle contribution. • Nantai deposit formed in a compression to extensional transition regime. Late Mesozoic Nantai porphyry Mo deposit is located in the Northern Qinling terrane, eastern China. The intrusions at Nantai include lamprophyre, quartz porphyry, and granite porphyry. Among them, molybdenum mineralization is associated with quartz porphyry and granite porphyry. The ore-bearing porphyries and ore-barren lamprophyres emplaced at ca. 155–146 Ma and ca. 156–146 Ma, respectively. The calculated zircon ΔFMQ values for Nantai felsic and mafic intrusions are –5.0 to +9.1 (an average of + 2.2) and –6.7 to +5.0 (an average of +1.2), which are similar to those of contemporaneous giant Mo deposits in the south margin of the North China Block. The quartz porphyry and granite porphyry are characterized by relatively high SiO 2 (73.39–75.49%), K 2 O (4.24–9.61%), and Rb (291–552 ppm) contents, but low total Fe 2 O 3 (0.13–0.83 wt%), MgO (0.1–0.3 wt%), P 2 O 5 (0.01–0.04 wt%), Sr (22.4–141.0 ppm) and Ba (79.8–1757 ppm) concentrations. These granitic samples have T DM C ages of 2204–1592 Ma, corresponding to negative ε Hf (t) values of –15.8 to –6.2. Geochemical and zircon Lu-Hf signatures as well as lead isotopic analyses for Nantai granitoids suggest that they belong to the high-fractionated I-type granites and were derived from partial melting of lower continental crust with coeval mantle-derived magma contribution. The lamprophyres show low SiO 2 (47.59–49.08%) and Rb (96–120 ppm) contents, whereas they have high Ba (1598–2236 ppm), and Sr (771–990 ppm) concentrations, as well as a lack of negative Eu anomalies. The concentrated ε Hf (t) values (–0.6 to + 3.3), high (Hf/Sm) PMN and La/Sm ratios, as well as Pb isotopic features, indicate that they were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle that had been metasomatized by subducted components with some crustal material contribution. Combined with our datasets and previous studies, we suggest that the Nantai porphyry Mo deposit formed in a post-orogenic setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juvenile social isolation (SI) and neglect have a negative impact on neurodevelopment persistently, which is associated with cognitive dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the critical role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in synaptic homeostasis of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), pharmacological intervention on mGluRs has been attempted in order to improve cognitive dysfunction in animal models of neurodevelopmental disorder, as well as in clinical trials. Here we examined the effects of the mGluR2/3 antagonist LY341495 on prefrontal synaptic transmission, spatial working memory, and recognition memory in adult C57BL/6J mice that experienced juvenile SI. We found that SI-reared mice exhibited working memory impairment and decreased excitatory presynaptic release probability of pyramidal neurons in the medial PFC compared with group-reared mice. The positive effect of LY341495 on excitatory synaptic transmission in SI-reared mice was more prominent than the effect in group-reared mice. A single treatment with mGluR2/3 antagonist LY341495 significantly improved the performance of SI-reared mice in the Y-maze test but not in the novel object recognition (NOR) test, while repeated treatments were effective in both tasks. These findings suggest that enhancing glutamatergic transmission via inhibition of mGluR2/3 signaling might represent a promising strategy for improving cognitive function in neurodevelopmental disorders. • Juvenile social isolation induced cognitive deficits in adulthood. • Decreased excitatory presynaptic release probability of pyramidal neurons in the mPFC of socially isolated mice. • The effect of LY341495 on presynaptic regulation was more prominent in socially isolated mice. • LY341495 improved working memory with relatively high synaptic strength in the mPFC of socially isolated mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]