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Summary: This article focuses on the fast finite‐time adaptive tracking control for non‐strict feedback stochastic nonlinear systems. Random disturbances with constraints have rarely been considered in previous studies of fast finite‐time stabilization problems. The corresponding extension of the adaptive fast finite‐time stabilization mechanism to stochastic nonlinear systems with full‐state constraints is one of the innovations of this article. First, neural networks and barrier Lyapunov functions are utilized to handle the problems arising from the unknown nonlinear terms and the state constraints, respectively. Second, an adaptive fast finite‐time tracking control scheme for stochastic systems is designed based on the backstepping technique and a fast finite‐time control strategy, which allows all signals of the closed‐loop system to be bounded. Meanwhile, the designed controller guarantees a fast convergence of the tracking error to a small neighborhood of the origin under full‐state constraints. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to identify takeover behavior patterns of conditional autonomous driving. In this paper, using driving simulations, takeover request lead time (5 s and 10 s) and nondriving-related tasks (working task and entertainment task) are designed to study the takeover behavior pattern in crash scenarios. Through driving simulation experiment, the number of takeover behavior patterns is eleven and the number of first takeover behaviors is three. Results showed that the first takeover behavior has a significant impact on the first takeover reaction time, speed, lateral offset, and minimum TTC, but the first takeover behavior has no significant effect on the takeover correct time. The takeover request lead time (TORlt) has a significant impact on the pattern and the first takeover behavior, while the non-driving-related task (NDRT) has no significant effect on the pattern and the first takeover behavior. In addition, this paper constructs a maps of takeover operation behavior, which more intuitively shows the behavior changes during a takeover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comparative analysis of particle swarm optimisation (PSO), self-organising hierarchical particle swarm optimiser (HPSO) and self-organising hierarchical particle swarm optimiser with time-varying acceleration coefficients (HPSO-TVAC) for data clustering. Through experiments on six well-known benchmarks, we find that the HPSO and the HPSO-TVAC algorithms have better performance than the PSO algorithm in most cases, and all the clustering algorithms using PSO have good performance for large-scale data and high-dimensional data, especially the two algorithms proposed in this article. Furthermore, we have also observed that the convergence of the HPSO and the HPSO-TVAC algorithms are better when using a suitable fitness function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To reduce the number of biopsies performed on benign breast lesions categorized as BI-RADS 4–5, we investigated the diagnostic performance of combined two-dimensional and three-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D + 3D SWE) with standard breast ultrasonography (US) for the BI-RADS assessment of breast lesions. Methods: A total of 897 breast lesions, categorized as BI-RADS 3–5, were subjected to standard breast US and supplemented by 2D SWE only and 2D + 3D SWE analysis. Based on the malignancy rate of less than 2% for BI-RADS 3, lesions assessed by standard breast US were reclassified with SWE assessment. Results: After standard breast US evaluation, 268 (46.1%) participants underwent benign biopsies in BI-RADS 4–5 lesions. By using separated cutoffs for upstaging BI-RADS 3 at 120 kPa and downstaging BI-RADS 4a at 90 kPa in 2D + 3D SWE reclassification, 123 (21.2%) participants underwent benign biopsy, resulting in a 54.1% reduction (123 versus 268). Conclusion: Combining 2D + 3D SWE with standard breast US for reclassification of BI-RADS lesions may achieve a reduction in benign biopsies in BI-RADS 4–5 lesions without sacrificing sensitivity unacceptably. Clinical relevance statement: Combining 2D + 3D SWE with US effectively reduces benign biopsies in breast lesions with categories 4–5, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS assessment for patients with breast lesions. Trial registration: ChiCTR1900026556 Key Points: • Reduce benign biopsy is necessary in breast lesions with BI-RADS 4–5 category. • A reduction of 54.1% on benign biopsies in BI-RADS 4–5 lesions was achieved using 2D + 3D SWE reclassification. • Adding 2D + 3D SWE to standard breast US improved the diagnostic performance of BI-RADS assessment on breast lesions: specificity increased from 54 to 79%, and PPV increased from 54 to 71%, with slight loss in sensitivity (97.2% versus 98.7%) and NPV (98.1% versus 98.7%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Evaluation of standard breast ultrasonography by adding two-dimensional and three-dimensional shear wave elastography: a prospective, multicenter trial" published in the journal European Radiology. The correction addresses errors in author names and affiliation details. The original article has been corrected. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • Utilization of double imaging modes (ultrasound and MRI) for versatile diagnosis and evaluation. • Loading PFH enables ZSMT to carry ozone as ROS donor, after triggered by the ultrasound, PFH explodes as ultrasonic contrast agent and release ozone, and the TiO 2 -doped Mn-MOF catalyzes ozone into ROS. • Seamless integration of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for tumors, facilitating "see-as-you-treat" strategy. • Bulk transcriptome sequencing reveals effective activation of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment following ultrasound-responsive ZSMTO and PD-1 blockade treatment. Synchronizing therapy and diagnosis is an ideal mode for clinical treatment of localized disease, e.g., tumor. Here, we develop a diagnosis-therapy coupled sonodynamic nano delivery system ZSMT which is constructed with a TiO 2 embedding hollow Mn-MOF. Loaded with perfluorohexane, the ZSMT nanoparticle is not only capable for carrying ozone as a ROS donor but also endowed with double modes of imaging, namely ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The TiO 2 -Mn-MOF can efficiently generate ROS by sonodynamic catalyzing ozone. Moreover, fluorescent tracer indicates the ZSMT particle can be internalized by tumor cells. With the stimulation of ultrasound, ozone carried ZSMT potently inhibits cell proliferation and promotes immunogenic cell death in vitro and in vivo by inducing a mitochondrial related cell death. Remarkably, combination of ultrasound-responsive ozone catalytic nano system and PD-1 blockade systematically suppresses the tumor growth by reprogramming the immune microenvironment. In conclusion, our sonodynamic nano system not only proves the principle of drug administration strategy on "treat-as-you-see" but also provides a combo regimen of improving PD-1 blockade with precision localized antigen boosting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers threatening women's health. Our previous study found that silibinin induced the death of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. We noticed that silibinin-induced cell damage was accompanied by morphological changes, including the increased cell aspect ratio (cell length/width) and decreased cell area. Besides, the cytoskeleton is also destroyed in cells treated with silibinin. YAP/TAZ, a mechanical signal sensor interacted with extracellular pressure, cell adhesion area and cytoskeleton, is also closely associated with cell survival, proliferation and migration. Thus, the involvement of YAP/TAZ in the cytotoxicity of silibinin in breast cancer cells has attracted our interests. Excitingly, we find that silibinin inhibits the nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and reduces the mRNA expressions of YAP/TAZ target genes, ACVR1 , MnSOD and ANKRD. More importantly, expression of YAP1 gene is negatively correlated with the survival of the patients with breast cancers. Molecular docking analysis reveals high probabilities for binding of silibinin to the proteins in the YAP pathways. DARTS and CETSA results confirm the binding abilities of silibinin to YAP and LATS. Inhibiting YAP pathway either by addition of verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP/TAZ-TEAD, or by transfection of si-RNAs targeting YAP or TAZ further enhances silibinin-induced cell damage. While enhancing YAP activity by silencing LATS1/2 or overexpressing YAPS127/397A, an active form of YAP, attenuates silibinin-induced cell damage. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of the YAP/TAZ pathway contributes to cytotoxicity of silibinin in breast cancers, shedding lights on YAP/TAZ-targeted cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aseptic meningitis caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation was less described in the literature, most of which were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction. The authors presented 4 adult immunocompetent patients with acute aseptic meningitis with VZV infection diagnosed by next-generation sequencing (NGS).Case Presentation: Four patients were admitted to the hospital with headache and fever between March 2018 and August 2019. The median ages were 37 years (range 22-52 years). The median symptoms onset to clinic time was 3.5 days (range 3-6 days). Two patients had signs of meningeal irritation. Rash occurred after the meningitis symptoms in 1 patient (time from meningitis symptoms to rash, 2 days). No other sign or symptom was reported. The brain Magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography were normal in all patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained at a median of 4 days (range 3-7 days) from the meningitis symptoms onset. Opening pressure of lumbar puncture after admission were high in these cases (median 256 mm H2O; range 165-400 mm H2O). White blood cell counts and protein levels were significantly elevated in CSF samples (median 317 × 10^6/L, range 147-478 × 10^6/L; median 1.41 g/L, range 0.57-1.79 g/L). The cytology of CSF demonstrated a lymphocytic pleocytosis, and most multinuclear cells. The culture of CSF was negative for all 4 cases, while T-cell spot test was positive for 2 cases, who were administrated with anti-tuberculosis treatment for suspicious tuberculous meningitis. NGS of CSF (the Vision Medical Research Institute) detected specific sequences of VZV in the 4 cases within 72 h after admission. The inappropriate treatment were stopped while acyclovir were continued intravenously for 10-14 days. All patients recovered completely.Conclusions: VZV is an infectious agent that causes aseptic meningitis in immunocompetent adults and could not be accompanied by skin manifestations. The NGS of CSF is a rapid detection for the identification and differentiation of meningitis in patients, which is of great importance for providing the rapid and accurate diagnosis and the targeted antimicrobial therapy for central nervous system infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Static shear wave elastography (SWE) is used to detect breast lesions, but slice and plane selections result in discrepancies.Objective: To evaluate the intraobserver reproducibility of continuous SWE, and whether quantitative elasticities in orthogonal planes perform better in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.Method: One hundred and twenty-two breast lesions scheduled for ultrasound-guided biopsy were recruited. Continuous SWE scans were conducted in orthogonal planes separately. Quantitative elasticities and histopathology results were collected. Reproducibility in the same plane and diagnostic performance in different planes were evaluated.Results: The maximum and mean elasticities of the hardest portion, and standard deviation of whole lesion, had high inter-class correlation coefficients (0.87 to 0.95) and large areas under receiver operation characteristic curve (0.887 to 0.899). Without loss of accuracy, sensitivities had increased in orthogonal planes compared with single plane (from 73.17% up to 82.93% at most). Mean elasticity of whole lesion and lesion-to-parenchyma ratio were significantly less reproducible and less accurate.Conclusion: Continuous SWE is highly reproducible for the same observer. The maximum and mean elasticities of the hardest portion and standard deviation of whole lesion are most reliable. Furthermore, the sensitivities of the three parameters are improved in orthogonal planes without loss of accuracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]