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As a critical signaling molecule, ABA plays an important role in plant growth, development and stresses response. However, tea plant [ Camellia sinensis (L.)], an important economical perennial woody plant, has not been systematically reported in response to ABA signal transduction in vivo. In this study, we mined and identified the gene structure of CsPYL/CsPP2C-A/CsSnRK gene families in the ABA signal transduction pathway through the genome-wide analysis of tea plants. Spatiotemporal expression and stress response (drought, salt, chilling) expression patterns were characterized. The results showed that most members of CsPYLs were conserved, and the gene structures of members of A-type CsPP2Cs were highly similar, whereas the gene structure of CsSnRK2s was highly variable. The transcription levels of different family members were differentially expressed with plant growth and development, and their response to stress signal patterns was highly correlated. The expression patterns of CsPYL/CsPP2C-A/CsSnRK2 gene family members in different tissues of tea plant cuttings after exogenous ABA treatment were detected by qRT-PCR, and the hierarchical model of ABA signaling was constructed by correlation analysis to preliminarily obtain three potential ABA-dependent signaling transduction pathways. Subsequently, the protein interaction of the CsPYL4/7-CsPP2C-A2-CsSnRK2.8 signaling pathway was verified by yeast two-hybrid and surface plasmon resonance experiments, indicating that there is specific selectivity in the ABA signaling pathway. Our results provided novel insights into the ABA-dependent signal transduction model in tea plant and information for future functional characterizations of stress tolerance genes in tea plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Using multi-omics approaches revealed aroma formation of GAGT for the first time. • Anaerobic treatment mainly affected lipids and glycoside-derived volatiles. • Five volatiles were screened as target metabolites. • CsERFs might engage in regulating GABA accumulation and target volatile metabolism. • First proposed ethylene might engage in GAGT aroma formation and GABA metabolism. Gabaron green tea (GAGT) has unique flavor and health benefits through the special anaerobic treatment. However, how this composite processing affects the aroma formation of GAGT and the regulatory mechanism was rarely reported. This study used nontargeted metabolomics and molecular sensory science to overlay screen differential metabolites and key aroma contributors. The potential regulatory mechanism of anaerobic treatment on the aroma formation of GAGT was investigated by transcriptomics and correlation analyses. Five volatiles: benzeneacetaldehyde, nonanal, geraniol, linalool, and linalool oxide III, were screened as target metabolites. Through the transcriptional-level differential genes screening and analysis, some CsERF transcription factors in the ethylene signaling pathway were proposed might participate the response to the anaerobic treatment. They might regulate the expression of related genes in the metabolic pathway of the target metabolites thus affecting the GAGT flavor. The findings of this study provide novel information on the flavor and its formation of GAGT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We propose a bias-compensated normalized MCC algorithm which is efficient for the noisy input and impulsive output noise cases. • We use the unbiasedness criterion to derive the bias compensated term for the proposed algorithm. • The proposed BCNMCC algorithm performs better than the original NMCC algorithm in noisy input environment. Abstract This paper proposes a bias-compensated normalized maximum correntropy criterion (BCNMCC) algorithm charactered by its low steady-state misalignment for system identification with noisy input in an impulsive output noise environment. The normalized maximum correntropy criterion (NMCC) is derived from a correntropy based cost function, which is rather robust with respect to impulsive noises. To deal with the noisy input, we introduce a bias-compensated vector to the NMCC algorithm, and then an unbiasedness criterion and some reasonable assumptions are used to compute the bias-compensated vector. Taking advantage of the bias-compensated vector, the bias caused by the input noise can be effectively suppressed. System identification simulation results demonstrate that the proposed BCNMCC algorithm can outperform other related algorithms with noisy input especially in an impulsive output noise environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A immunosensor was designed to detect chronic heart failure biomarker BNP. • A sensing platform based on immunoassay, SERS, microfluidic chip and optical fiber was constructed. • SERS substrates embedded in microfluidic chips improved the detection limit of immunosensors. • All-fiber configuration contributed to the stability and portability of the system. Early diagnosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) relies on the ultra-sensitive detection assay of its main biomarker, Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). To meet such demand, we designed a near-infrared immunoassay biosensor, utilizing a fiber-embedded microfluidic chip for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. A SERS probe, consisting of metal–organic framework and Au-HEPES coupling nanoparticles (AuHPs), was used to enhance the Raman signal of the toluidine blue (TB) dye. The probe anchored with TB is used as a SERS tag, which is linked to BNP through sandwich method. To enhance the Raman signal further, we embedded a SERS substrate at the bottom of the microfluidic channel, which serves an enhancer when the SERS tagged BNP passes through the microfluidic chip. The amplified Raman signal was collected by an optical fiber probe of a simple and portable Raman detection system with an all-fiber connected configuration. Such design resulted in the lowest detection limit of pg/mL, indicating that the proposed platform can be used for rapid and highly sensitive detection of BNP. In addition, our platform also has the advantages of low sample consumption and high throughput rate, providing an effective scheme for the early diagnosis of CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the sparse system identification problem under noisy input and non-Gaussian output measurement noise, two novel types of sparse bias-compensated normalized maximum correntropy criterion algorithms are developed, which are capable of eliminating the impact of non-Gaussian measurement noise and noisy input. The first is developed by using the correntropy-induced metric as the sparsity penalty constraint, which is a smoothed approximation of the ℓ 0 norm. The second is designed using the proportionate update scheme, which facilitates the close tracking of system parameter change. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithms can effectively improve the identification performance compared with other algorithms presented in the literature for the sparse system identification problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-sensitivity fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensor based on phase-shifting multimode fiber-optic loop ring down (PS-MFLRD) technology and multimode–single-mode–multimode (MSM) structure is proposed. The multimode coupler and combiner form a loop with intense light, eliminating the need for an additional Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) in this system. In addition, The MSM structure's loss varies linearly with the RI of the surrounding environment, enabling RI measurement through phase monitoring. Experimental results demonstrate a sensitivity of 10 deg/RIU within the range of 1.353 to 1.388, and the corresponding linearity R 2 of 0.9927 is obtained, it also has excellent temperature stability at temperatures from 20 °C to 80 °C, with a fluctuation range of only 0.006 deg. More importantly, under the same configuration, the single mode structure has a sensitivity of only 0.6 deg/RIU, a difference of 17 times. In addition, the resolution limit of this system is 1. 0 × 1 0 − 6 RIU. The proposal of MFLRD provides an effective solution for improving the sensitivity of subsequent RI measurements and simplifying devices. • A fiber-optic RI sensor based on PS-MFLRD eliminates the need for EDFA in the loop. • The sensitivity of the proposed multimode system can reach 17 times of the single-mode system. • The proposed FLRD RI sensor achieves a higher resolution of 1 × 1 0 − 6 RIU. • The proposed system shows excellent temperature stability, confirmed by repeated tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bias‐compensated normalised least mean square (BCNLMS) algorithm with variable step size (denoted as BCVNLMS) is developed in this work to improve the accuracy and convergence speed for the three‐phase power system (TPPS) frequency estimation in circumstance of the noise and harmonic interference. Taking into account the problem of bias estimation caused by the mixed noises in the acquisition signal of the TPPS, the NLMS algorithm with an unbiased criterion (called BCNLMS) was employed to compensate the bias and improve the estimate accuracy. Furthermore, an adaptive variable step scheme is also incorporated into the BCNLMS algorithm to improve the convergence speed and stability during the process of adaptively frequency estimation. The experimental results show that the proposed BCVNLMS algorithm outperforms other well‐known methods for frequency estimation of the TPPS in several scenarios such as severe noise pollution, harmonic interference and frequency mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI) system for simultaneous loss and temperature measurement is proposed and demonstrated experimentally, which is implemented with the fiber loop ringdown (FLRD). By multiplexing the phase spectra of low and high radio frequencies (RF), the independent sensing of loss and temperature is achieved. With the advantages of robustness and immunity to crosstalk, the sensitivity of transmittance and temperature are at −0.4942 rad and −14.05 kHz/ ° C. The stability and tunable sensitivity of the sensing system are investigated and demonstrated by the numerical analysis and experiments. The principle of phase-shift FLRD is ameliorated by numerical investigation, verified by the experiment results. The independent sensing of loss and temperature is achieved by recording the phase spectra of low and high radio frequencies (RF), where the insensitive points play a vital role and provide a potential approach for multiplexing. • The OCMI system is proposed for simultaneous loss and temperature measurement. • The sensitivities of loss and temperature are flexibly tuned by selecting RF. • The sensitivity of transmittance and temperature are at −0.4942 rad and −14.05 kHz/℃. • The insensitive points provide a potential approach for multiplexing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]