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Organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have been widely investigated in optoelectronics both experimentally and theoretically. The present work incorporates chemically modified graphene into nanocrystal SnO2 as the electron transporting layer (ETL) for highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells. The modification of SnO2 with highly conductive two-dimensional naphthalene diimide-graphene can increase surface hydrophobicity and form van der Waals interaction between the surfactant and the organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite compounds. As a result, highly efficient perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 20.2% can be achieved with an improved fill factor of 82%, which could be mainly attributed to the augmented charge extraction and transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid–liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for the ternary system2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol ethanol water have beenreported at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K and 0.1 MPa. The Bachmanequation and the Hand equation were used to confirm the reliabilityof the experimental tie-line data. The experimental data were correlatedby the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model, for which the calculatedresults show good agreement with the ternary LLE data, and the binaryinteraction parameters of NRTL model were also regressed. Moreover,the distribution coefficients and separation factors in the ternarysystem were determined by the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper summarizes the excavation methodology, based on analysis of the characteristics of the surrounding rock mass, which has been involved in Xiaolangdi multipurpose dam project. Some special support and excavation methods, such as twin side drift and lattice girder, moderate blasting and double-layer mesh to collapsed tunnel and fault zone, are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]