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[Display omitted] Conversion of NO 3 − to NH 3 proceeds stepwise in natural system under two different enzymes involving intermediate NO 2 −. Artificial electro-driven NO 3 − reduction also faces the obstacle of low faradaic efficiency due to insufficient utilization of this intermediate. Herein, we demonstrate a bimetallic COF-based electrocatalyst for the cascade catalysis of NO 3 −-to-NO 2 −-to-NH 3 for the first time. TpBpy-Cu 2 Co 4 exhibits a significantly improved performance, with an enhancement factor of 1.4–2 compared to monometallic TpBpy-M. The NH 3 yield rate achieves 25.6 mg h−1 mg cat. −1 at −0.55 V vs RHE over TpBpy-Cu 2 Co 4 , together with excellent faradaic efficiency (93.4 %). This achievement demonstrates cascade catalysis between Co and Cu units, and their distinct roles are investigated through electrochemical experiments and theory calculations. In electrocatalytic process, Cu site facilities *NO 3 -to-*NO 3 H step, while the Co site significantly decreases the energy barrier of *NHOH-to-*NH. The present work provides a valuable inspiration in designing efficient catalysts for cascade reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS), also known as Sjögren's disease, is a chronic autoimmune condition predominantly affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. The disease is driven by autoimmune responses involving the activation and actions of major innate- and adaptive immune cell subsets. However, the specific characteristics and roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in SS remain elusive. This study seeks to clarify the main phenotypic and functional attributes of Tregs in the salivary glands and their draining lymph nodes in murine models of SS. Our flow cytometric analysis revealed that Tregs in the salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a spontaneous model of SS, exhibited a greater proportion of activated Tregs and fewer resting Tregs compared to Balb/c mice. Furthermore, Tregs from the salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of female C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 (B6.NOD-Aec) mice, a model for primary SS, demonstrated significantly lower IL-10 production but markedly higher IFNγ- and IL-17 production than their C57BL/6 counterparts. Additionally, treatment of C57BL/6 Tregs with IL-7, a cytokine critical for SS pathogenesis, resulted in diminished IL-10 production and enhanced IFNγ and IL-17 production in these cells. Notably, the alterations in B6.NOD-Aec Tregs also included an increased expression of the immune-inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 compared to the C57BL/6 Tregs. Intriguingly, in vitro co-cultures of Tregs with conventional CD4 T cells and other key immune populations from lymph nodes indicated that Tregs from salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of both B6.NOD-Aec and C57BL/6 strains exhibited comparable and limited immunosuppressive effects on the proliferation and function of conventional CD4 T cells. The ability of B6.NOD-Aec Tregs to directly inflict damages to salivary gland epithelial tissues and contribute to SS pathologies through IFNγ and IL-17 that they produce warrants further investigations. In addition, enhancing the relatively weak immunosuppressive capacities of these Tregs may also serve as a viable strategy to alleviate the SS phenotype in the mouse models and potentially in patients. 1. Tregs in SS murine models exhibit distinct features compared to those in control mice 2. Tregs in target tissues of B6.NOD-Aec model of SS display aberrant cytokine profiles 3. IL-7 treatment increases IFNγ and IL-17 production and reduces IL-10 output in Tregs 4. B6.NOD-Aec Tregs and C57BL/6 Tregs show similarly weak suppressive functions in vitro [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA molecules undergo dynamic chemical modifications in response to various external or cellular stimuli. Some of those modifications have been demonstrated to post-transcriptionally modulate the RNA transcription, localization, stability, translation, and degradation, ultimately tuning the fate decisions and function of mammalian cells, particularly T cells. As a crucial part of adaptive immunity, T cells play fundamental roles in defending against infections and tumor cells. Recent findings have illuminated the importance of RNA modifications in modulating T cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and functional activities. Therefore, understanding the epi-transcriptomic control of T cell biology enables a potential avenue for manipulating T cell immunity. This review aims to elucidate the physiological and pathological roles of internal RNA modifications in T cell development, differentiation, and functionality drawn from current literature, with the goal of inspiring new insights for future investigations and providing novel prospects for T cell-based immunotherapy. [Display omitted] In this review, Deng et al. summarize the critical role of RNA modifications in T cell regulation, focusing on their impact on T cell biology and immunity during homeostasis and autoimmune diseases. The authors also highlight the potential of harnessing RNA modifications for T cell-based immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave frequency and energy of traditional piezoelectric emission sources used in acoustic logging are limited, which results in an inadequate detection resolution for measuring small-scale geological formations. Additionally, the propagation of these waves in formations is prone to loss and noise interference, restricting detection to only a few tens of meters around the well. This paper investigates an impulse sound source, a new emission source that can effectively enhance the frequency range and wave energy of traditional sources by generating excitation waves through high-voltage discharges in a fluid-penetrated electrode structure. Firstly, a high-voltage circuit experimental system for the impulse sound source was constructed, and the discharge and response characteristics were experimentally analyzed. Then, four types of needle series electrode structure models were developed to investigate and compare the effects of different electrode structures on the impulse sound source, with the needle-ring electrode demonstrating superior performance. Finally, the needle-ring electrode structure was optimized to develop a ball-tipped needle-ring electrode, which is more suitable for acoustic logging. The results show that the electrode structure directly influences the discharge characteristics of the impulse sound source. After comparison and optimization, the final ball-tipped needle-ring electrode exhibited a broader frequency range—from zero to several hundred thousand Hz—while maintaining a high acoustic amplitude. It has the capability to detect geological areas beyond 100 m and is effective for evaluating micro-fractures and small fracture blocks near wells that require high detection accuracy. This is of significant importance in oil, gas, new energy, and other drilling fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone regeneration is a well‐regulated dynamic process, of which the prominent role of the immune system on bone homeostasis is more and more revealed by recent research. Before fully activation of the bone remodeling cells, the immune system needs to clean up the microenvironment in facilitating the bone repair initiation. Furthermore, this microenvironment must be maintained properly by various mechanisms over the entire bone regeneration process. Objective: This review aims to summarize the role of the T‐helper 17/Regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) balance in bone cell remodeling and discuss the relevant progress in bone tissue engineering. Results: The role of the immune response in the early stages of bone regeneration is crucial, especially the impact of the Th17/Treg balance on osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and osteoblasts activity. By virtue of these knowledge advancements, innovative approaches in bone tissue engineering, such as nano‐structures, hydrogel, and exosomes, are designed to influence the Th17/Treg balance and thereby augment bone repair and regeneration. Conclusion: Targeting the Th17/Treg balance is a promising innovative strategy for developing new treatments to enhance bone regeneration, thus offering potential breakthroughs in bone injury clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non‑intestinal adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (non‑ITAC) is a heterogeneous tumour that has rarely been reported in previous studies. We compared and analysed the symptoms, radiographic and pathological features, treatment methods, and prognosis of patients with low-grade (G1) and high-grade (G3) tumours. Methods: This was a retrospective study included 22 patients with pathologically confirmed non-ITAC of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses who were treated between January 2008 and December 2021 at a single centre. Of these, 11 patients had G1 tumours, and 11 patients had G3 tumours. Clinicopathological features, treatment methods, and survival outcomes were analysed. Results: The median follow-up period was 48.5 months. Nasal congestion was the most common initial symptom, and the nasal cavity was the most frequently involved site. For G1 tumours, the main treatment was simple surgery, 1 and 3‑year overall survival (OS) rates were 100 and 88.9%, while the 1 and 3‑year local control (LC) rates were 100 and 100%, respectively. For G3 tumours, the main treatments were surgery combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy,1 and 3‑year OS rates were 72.7 and 72.7%, while the 1 and 3‑year LC rates were 100 and 90.91%, respectively. G3 tumours was associated with significantly shorter overall survival than G1 tumours (P = 0.035). Patients with stage III-IV showed shorter overall survival compared to stage I-II patients (P = 0.035). Conclusions: Non-ITAC of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses may frequently occur in the nasal cavity. The main treatment modality is surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Pathological grade and tumour stage were poor prognostic factors for the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The CDKN2A gene is frequently affected by somatic copy number variations (SCNVs, including deletions and amplifications [SCNdel and SCNamp]) in the cancer genome. Using surgical gastric margin tissue samples (SMs) as the diploid reference in SCNV analysis via CDKN2A/P16-specific real-time PCR (P16-Light), we previously reported that the CDKN2A SCNdel was associated with a high risk of metastasis of gastric carcinoma (GC). However, the status of CDKN2A SCNVs in SMs and their clinical significance have not been reported. Methods: Peripheral white blood cell (WBC) and frozen GC and SM tissue samples were collected from patients (n = 80). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to determine the copy number (CN) of the CDKN2A gene in tissue samples using paired WBCs as the diploid reference. Results: A novel P16-ddPCR system was initially established with a minimal proportion (or limit, 10%) of the detection of CDKN2A CN alterations. While CDKN2A SCNamp events were detected in both SMs and GCs, fewer CDKN2A SCNdel events were detected in SMs than in GCs (15.0% vs. 41.3%, P = 4.77E-04). Notably, significantly more SCNamp and fewer SCNdel of the CDKN2A gene were detected in SMs from GC patients without metastasis than in those from patients with lymph node metastasis by P16-ddPCR (P = 0.023). The status of CDKN2A SCNVs in SM samples was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.032). No cancer deaths were observed among the 11 patients with CDKN2A SCNamp. Conclusion: CDKN2A SCNVs in SMs identified by P16-ddPCR are prevalent and significantly associated with GC metastasis and overall survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sjӧgren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily targeting the salivary and lacrimal glands. Our previous investigations have shown that administration of interleukin-22 (IL-22), an IL-10 family cytokine known for its complex and context-dependent effects on tissues, either protective- or detrimental, to salivary glands leads to hypofunction and pathological changes of salivary glands in C57BL/6 mice and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the latter being a commonly used model of Sjӧgren's syndrome. This study aims to delineate the pathophysiological roles of endogenously produced IL-22 in the development of salivary gland pathologies and dysfunction associated with Sjӧgren's disease in the NOD mouse model. Our results reveal that neutralizing IL-22 offered a protective effect on salivary gland function without significantly affecting the immune cell infiltration of salivary glands or the autoantibody production. Blockade of IL-22 reduced the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in salivary gland tissues of NOD mice, while its administration to salivary glands had the opposite effect. Correspondingly, the detrimental impact of exogenously applied IL-22 on salivary glands was almost completely abrogated by a specific STAT3 inhibitor. Moreover, IL-22 blockade led to a downregulation of protein amounts of Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase critical for mediating interferon-induced responses, in salivary gland epithelial cells. IL-22 neutralization also exerted a protective effect on the salivary gland epithelial cells that express high levels of surface EpCAM and bear the stem cell potential, and IL-22 treatment in vitro hampered the survival/expansion of these salivary gland stem cells, indicating a direct negative impact of IL-22 on these cells. In summary, this study has uncovered a critical pathogenic role of the endogenous IL-22 in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's disease-characteristic salivary gland dysfunction and provided initial evidence that this effect is dependent on STAT3 activation and potentially achieved through fostering Tet2-mediated interferon responses in salivary gland epithelial cells and negatively affecting the EpCAMhigh salivary gland stem cells. • IL-22 neutralization protects salivary glands in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome. • STAT3 activity is required for the detrimental impact of IL-22 on salivary glands. • IL-22 upregulates Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2 expression in salivary epithelial cells. • IL-22 negatively impacts the size of the salivary gland stem cell compartment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details the fabrication of GaN-based microdisks with a single porous n-GaN layer positioned beneath the multiple quantum wells region on a modified green light-emitting diode epiwafer. Simulations of the longitudinal light field distribution reveal effective confinement of the light field within the multiple quantum wells region due to the presence of the single porous layer. The porous layer also demonstrates sufficient conductivity as determined through calculations and serves as an effective method for thermal dispersion. Under optical pumping, all microdisks exhibit clear whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing at room temperature, with the lowest threshold of 13.50 μJ/cm2 achieved in a 2-μm-diameter microdisk. These findings suggest that integrating the single porous layer into GaN microdisks is a highly promising approach for achieving high-efficiency WGM micro-laser diodes with effective electrical injection and heat dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Information transmission between primary tumor cells and immunocytes or stromal cells in distal organs is a critical factor in the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN). Understanding this mechanism is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategy against tumor metastasis. Our study aims to prove the hypothesis that circ-0034880-enriched tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) mediate the formation of PMN and colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), and targeting circ-0034880-enriched TEVs might be an effective therapeutic strategy against PMN formation and CRLM. Methods: We utilized qPCR and FISH to measure circRNAs expression levels in human CRC plasma, primary CRC tissues, and liver metastatic tissues. Additionally, we employed immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and in vivo experiments to assess the effect mechanism of circ-0034880-enriched TEVs on PMN formation and CRC metastasis. DARTS, CETSA and computational docking modeling were applied to explore the pharmacological effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 in impeding PMN formation. Results: We found that circ-0034880 was highly enriched in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from CRC patients and closely associated with CRLM. Functionally, circ-0034880-enriched TEVs entered the liver tissues and were absorbed by macrophages in the liver through bloodstream. Mechanically, TEVs-released circ-0034880 enhanced the activation of SPP1highCD206+ pro-tumor macrophages, reshaping the metastasis-supportive host stromal microenvironment and promoting overt metastasis. Importantly, our mechanistic findings led us to discover that the natural product Ginsenoside Rb1 impeded the activation of SPP1highCD206+ pro-tumor macrophages by reducing circ-0034880 biogenesis, thereby suppressing PMN formation and inhibiting CRLM. Conclusions: Circ-0034880-enriched TEVs facilitate strong interaction between primary tumor cells and SPP1highCD206+ pro-tumor macrophages, promoting PMN formation and CRLM. These findings suggest the potential of using Ginsenoside Rb1 as an alternative therapeutic agent to reshape PMN formation and prevent CRLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremely low‐frequency (ELF) electromagnetic (EM) waves adeptly propagate in harsh cross‐medium environments, overcoming rapid decay that hinders high‐frequency counterparts. Traditional antennas, however, encounter challenges concerning size, efficiency, and power. Here, drawing inspiration from nature, we present a groundbreaking piezo‐actuated, bionic flapping‐wing magnetic‐dipole resonator (BFW‐MDR), operating in the electro‐mechano‐magnetic coupling mechanism, designed for efficient ELF EM wave transmission. The unique rigid‐flexible hybrid flapping‐wing structure magnifies rotation angles of anti‐phase magnetic dipoles by tenfold, leading to constructive superposition of emitted magnetic fields. Consequently, the BFW‐MDR exhibits a remarkable quality factor of 288 and an enhanced magnetic field emission of 514 fT at 100 meters with only 6.9 mW power consumption, surpassing traditional coil antennas by three orders of magnitude. The communication rate is doubled by the ASK+PSK modulation method. Its robust performance in cross‐medium communication, even amidst various interferences, underscores its potential as a highly efficient antenna for underwater and underground applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The supraclavicular artery island (SAI) flap is commonly used in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. However, the safety of SAI flaps for neck irradiated patient needs to be verified. To investigate the safety of using the SAI flap for patients who have undergone neck radiotherapy, as well as the risk factors for flap complications. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one patients (16 irradiated and 45 nonirradiated) with SAI flap-reconstructed head and neck defects were included, and relevant data were collected retrospectively. The gender, age, body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus, preoperative albumin level, and flap size between irradiated and nonirradiated patients had no significant difference. Results: No significant difference was observed in the incidence of complications (total, mild, or severe) between the radiotherapy and nonradiotherapy groups. In univariate analysis, preoperative radiotherapy was not associated with postoperative complications of the SAI flap procedure (P = 1.00), while a low preoperative albumin level was a significant risk factor for postoperative complications (P <.05). Conclusions: Our data suggest that preoperative radiotherapy does not increase the risk of SAI flap postoperative complications compared with surgical reconstruction alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probability Matching, a classical violation of expected utility maximization, refers to people's tendency to randomize, or even match their choice frequency to the outcome probability, when choosing over binary lotteries that differ only in their probabilities. Why? I present an experiment designed to distinguish between several broad classes of explanations: (1) models of Correlation-Invariant Stochastic Choice — randomizing due to factors orthogonal to the correlation between lotteries, such as non-standard preferences or errors, and (2) models of Correlation-Sensitive Stochastic Choice — deliberately randomizing due to misperceived hedging opportunities, especially when lotteries are negatively correlated. My experimental design differentiates between their testable predictions by varying the correlation between lottery outcomes. The findings indicate that the first class, despite being home to most existing theories, has limited explanatory power. Using additional treatment, I rule out Similarity Heuristics as a competing explanation with the second class. The results indicate that a vast majority of individuals deliberately randomize due to misperceived hedging opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D object detection technology from point clouds has been widely applied in the field of automatic driving in recent years. In practical applications, the shape point clouds of some objects are incomplete due to occlusion or far distance, which means they suffer from insufficient structural information. This greatly affects the detection performance. To address this challenge, the authors design a Structural Information Augment (SIA) Network for 3D object detection, named SIANet. Specifically, the authors design a SIA module to reconstruct the complete shapes of objects within proposals for enhancing their geometric features, which are further fused into the spatial feature of the object for box refinement to predict accurate detection boxes. Besides, the authors construct a novel Unet‐liked Context‐enhanced Transformer backbone network, which stacks Context‐enhanced Transformer modules and an upsampling branch to capture contextual information efficiently and generate high‐quality proposals for the SIA module. Extensive experiments show that the authors' well‐designed SIANet can effectively improve detection performance, especially surpassing the baseline network by 1.04% mean Average Precision (mAP) gain in the KITTI dataset and 0.75% LEVEL_2 mAP gain in the Waymo dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The real-world data on the medium- to long-term effectiveness and safety of teriflunomide in Chinese patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) is limited. Therefore, this study aims to assess the treatment outcomes of teriflunomide in Chinese patients with MS over a medium- to long-term period. Methods: This cohort study was carried out in three tertiary hospitals and regional MS centers located in the Greater Bay Area of China. We obtained the historical clinical data of patients who underwent teriflunomide treatment for at least 6 months. The primary objective was to evaluate the proportion of patients achieving no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)-3 status, which is characterized by the absence of relapses, confirmed disability worsening, and new or enlarging MRI lesions, over time. Secondary objectives included assessing the proportion of patients meeting each NEDA-3 criterion, changes in motor and cognitive function, as well as the incidence of adverse events and treatment discontinuations. Results: A total of 160 patients with MS were enrolled, including 125 patients treated with teriflunomide for at least 1 year (≥ 1-year completers) and 71 patients treated for at least 2 years (≥ 2-year completers). A total of 85.63% of the overall population achieved clinical NEDA-3 status at 6 months of teriflunomide treatment, and 71.20% of ≥ 1-year completers achieved NEDA-3 status at 12 months of teriflunomide treatment. The median timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW), nine-hole peg test (9-HPT), and paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) results were relatively stable before and after treatment. Conclusion: Medium- to long-term MS disease activity, as indicated by NEDA-3 status, is well controlled in patients treated with continuous teriflunomide treatment in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tigecycline-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (TNSKP) is increasing and has emerged as a global public health issue. However, the mechanism of tigecycline resistance remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential role of efflux pump system in tigecycline resistance. 29 tigecycline-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (TNSKP) strains were collected and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. The ramR, acrR, rpsJ, tet(A), and tet(X) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA expression of different efflux pump genes and regulator genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Additionally, KP14 was selected for genome sequencing. KP14 genes without acrB, oqxB, and TetA were modified using suicide plasmids and MIC of tigecycline of KP14 with target genes knocked out was investigated. It was found that MIC of tigecycline of 20 out of the 29 TNSKP strains decreased by over four folds once combined with phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride (PaβN). Most strains exhibited upregulation of AcrAB and oqxAB efflux pumps. The strains with acrB, oqxB, and tetA genes knocked out were constructed, wherein the MIC of tigecycline of KP14∆acrB and KP14∆tetA was observed to be 2 µg/mL (decreased by 16 folds), the MIC of tigecycline of KP14ΔacrBΔTetA was 0.25 µg/mL (decreased by 128 folds), but the MIC of tigecycline of KP14∆oqxB remained unchanged at 32 µg/mL. The majority of TNSKP strains demonstrated increased expression of AcrAB-TolC and oqxAB, while certain strains showed mutations in other genes associated with tigecycline resistance. In KP14, both overexpression of AcrAB-TolC and tet(A) gene mutation contributed to the mechanism of tigecycline resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofilms (NFs) have been widely used in many emerging applications, such as microelectronic devices, spintronics, and optical instruments. Characterizing the thermal conductivity (k) of NFs, kNFs, is nontrivial for both fundamental science and industrial applications. Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) is a powerful technique for thermal characterizations under nano-to-micro-scales. However, both the kNFs and the interface thermal resistance between layers are generally unknown parameters when analyzing TDTR signals. So that an effective thermal resistance model (ETRM) is often utilized, where the impact of heat capacity of NFs, cNFs, has been always ignored. Previous studies have proposed viewpoints on how to validate this assumption, however, which still needs to be verified further by considering the parameters' sensitivities for TDTR signals. In this work, we have highlighted the significance of sensitivity analysis for the investigation of the impact of cNFs with the example experiments on Ni NFs. The error of ETRM has been quantitatively and systematically studied. We found that the application requirements of ETRM in TDTR data analysis rely on the sensitivity relations between kNFs and interface thermal resistance. Finally, suggestions for future characterization of the kNFs have been discussed for reference. Our results and conclusions deepen the understanding of both the transient thermal transport process of multilayer NFs and the ability of TDTR on characterizing kNFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intestinal necrosis in uremic patients has been reported but is rare. Case presentation: A 56-year-old male patient who underwent long-term regular haemodialysis was admitted to the hospital due to involuntary shaking of the limbs and nonsense speech. The patient's symptoms improved after continuous blood purification under heparin anticoagulation, rehydration, sedation, and correction of electrolyte disturbances. However, the patient experienced a sudden onset of abdominal pain and a rapid decrease in blood pressure; high-dose norepinephrine were required to maintain his blood pressure. A plain abdominal radiograph performed at bedside showed intestinal dilation. Colonoscopy revealed inflammation and oedema of the entire colon, with purulent secretions and multiple areas of patchy necrosis. The cause of intestinal ischaemia was not clear. Conclusions: Although rare, previous causes of uremic colitis have been reported. As the patient developed abdominal pain before the onset of shock and the necrosis was seen on colonoscopy, we suspect that this is a case of fulminant uremic colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic velocity field imaging offers a robust tool for characterizing and analyzing damage and its evolution within fractured rock masses. The combined application of ultrasonic first arrival waves and coda waves can significantly enhance the accuracy and range of velocity field imaging. This manuscript introduces an improved imaging method that integrates the propagation probability distribution of the first arrival and coda waves to calculate the velocity field. The proposed method was applied to the velocity field imaging of a medium with multiple scatterers and varying degrees of fracturing. The overall error and calculation unit error of the proposed method were analyzed, and its improvement in calculation accuracy and applicable scope was verified. Additionally, this method was employed to image the velocity field during the damage process of fractured rock masses. The imaging results were compared against digital speckle patterns to confirm the method's suitability. Finally, we discussed the impact of measurement errors and sensor missing on the accuracy of the computational outcomes presented in this method. These two situations will affect the calculation results, and the influence of reducing the number of sensors is smaller than that of measuring time shifts with error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractEstimating a high-dimensional multinomial logistic regression model with a larger number of categories is of fundamental importance but it presents two challenges. Computationally, it leads to heavy computation cost. Statistically, it suffers unsatisfactory statistical efficiency. Therefore, how to solve this problem in a computationally and statistically efficient way is of great interest. To tackle these challenges, we have developed a new class-distributed learning algorithm with a rank-reducible coefficient structure. The key innovation here is piecing together two important techniques for distributed computing and improved statistical efficiency. The two techniques are, respectively, dimension reduction and a circular-structured working model. Dimension reduction effectively alleviates the curse of dimensionality due to high dimensional features. A circular-structured working model allows the use of a class-distributed algorithm for distributed computing. To support our new methodology, we develop rigorous asymptotic theory and present extensive numerical experiments. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of fluorescent properties into spin‐crossover (SCO) materials, aiming at controlling fluorescence via spin‐state transitions for applications in magneto‐optical switching and information processing, represents an appealing research direction. In this study, we prepared two examples of one‐dimensional cyclic chain‐like Fe(II) coordination polymers, denoted as [Fe(DPPC)2(NCS)2]⋅CH3OH⋅o‐C6H4Cl2 (1, DPPC=3,6‐di‐4‐pyridinyl‐9‐[4‐(4‐pyridinyl)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole) and [Fe(PDPC)2(NCS)2] (2, PDPC=3,6‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole). Analyses through single‐crystal X‐ray studies and magnetic measurements validate the two‐step SCO behavior of 1 within the temperature range of 50~200 K. Additionally, when combined with temperature‐dependent fluorescence emission spectroscopy, the results demonstrate the coexistence of SCO and fluorescence in 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) refers to ALL patients with t(9;22) cytogenetic abnormalities, accounting for about 25% of ALL. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological type of non-small-cell lung cancer, which has a frequency of approximately 45% cases with mutations in EGFR. Both Ph+ ALL and EGFR mutant LUAD are involved in the pathogenesis of the abnormal activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway. Although the second primary hematological malignancy after the treatment of solid tumors is common in clinics, the synchronous multiple primary malignant tumors of hematological malignancy overlap solid tumors are uncommon, even both tumors involved in the pathogenesis of the abnormal activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway are extremely rare. Case presentation: An 84-year-old man with fatigue and dizziness was diagnosed with Ph+ ALL. Meanwhile, a chest CT indicated a space-occupying lesions, characterized by the presence of void, in the right lower lope with the enlargement of mediastinal lymph node and right pleural effusion. After a few weeks, the patient was diagnosed with LUAD with EGFR exon 19 mutation. Both tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (Flumatinib) and EGFR-TKI (Oxertinib) was used for the patients, and finally have controlled both diseases. Conclusion: As far as we know, we for the first time reported a case of Ph+ ALL and EGFR mutant LUAD synchronous overlap, of which pathogenesis is related to abnormal tyrosine kinase activation. This patient was successfully treated with two different TKIs without serious adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we use the AdS/CFT correspondence to study the behavior of a triply heavy baryon within anisotropic backgrounds. Beginning with the total action of the three quarks, we derive the balance equation for the three-quark system and compute the separation distance and potential energy. Our results reveal a consistent decrease in both the separation distance and potential energy for the A configuration and the B configuration as the anisotropy coefficient a increases. This suggests that the presence of an anisotropic background promotes the dissolution of the three-quark system. Additionally, we compare the potential energies of the A and B configurations and observe that the A configuration has a slightly smaller potential energy, suggesting greater stability compared to the B configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents an overview of the objectives, design, and analytic strategy of the Child Maltreatment in Military Families Life Course Study, an investigation of factors associated with child maltreatment in active duty military families. The study uses a case-control retrospective research design and discrete-time survival methodology to examine service member demographic characteristics, family characteristics, military-related characteristics, and military family life events associated with child maltreatment incidents that meet the Department of Defense definition of child abuse or neglect. The sample includes all active duty families with a first occurrence of child maltreatment anytime between Fiscal Year (FY) 2009 and FY 2018 (n = 28,684), and a representative sample of control families with children under age of 18 during the same period (n = 589,417). Analyses include child maltreatment and domestic abuse data from the Family Advocacy Program Central Registry; sponsor socio-demographic, military-related, and family data from the Active Duty Military Personnel Master and Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System data files; deployment data from the Contingency Tracking System; and mental health data from the Medical Data Repository. Study results identify risk and protective factors associated with child maltreatment in military families, subgroups at elevated risk of child maltreatment, and periods of heightened risk during the military family life course. These results are expected to improve the ability to identify families most at-risk for particular types of child maltreatment and inform prevention strategies that promote the health and safety of military families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endovascular reperfusion therapy is the primary strategy for acute ischemic stroke. No-reflow is a common phenomenon, which is defined as the failure of microcirculatory reperfusion despite clot removal by thrombolysis or mechanical embolization. It has been reported that up to 25% of ischemic strokes suffer from no-reflow, which strongly contributes to an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. No-reflow is associated with functional and structural alterations of cerebrovascular microcirculation, and the injury to the microcirculation seriously hinders the neural functional recovery following macrovascular reperfusion. Accumulated evidence indicates that pathology of no-reflow is linked to adhesion, aggregation, and rolling of blood components along the endothelium, capillary stagnation with neutrophils, astrocytes end-feet, and endothelial cell edema, pericyte contraction, and vasoconstriction. Prevention or treatment strategies aim to alleviate or reverse these pathological changes, including targeted therapies such as cilostazol, adhesion molecule blocking antibodies, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activator, adenosine, pericyte regulators, as well as adjunctive therapies, such as extracorporeal counterpulsation, ischemic preconditioning, and alternative or complementary therapies. Herein, we provide an overview of pathomechanisms, predictive factors, diagnosis, and intervention strategies for no-reflow, and attempt to convey a new perspective on the clinical management of no-reflow post-ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic hemorrhagic shock is an important factor leading to human death; thus, it is very important to develop new hemostatic materials for first aid during traumatic events. In this study, a novel composite hemostatic sponge scaffold (GE/SA) was prepared by Ca2+ crosslinking and freeze-drying using gelatin and sodium alginate. GE, GE/SA1 (1:1), GE/SA2 (1:2), GE/SA3 (1:3), GE/SA4 (1:4) and commercial hemostatic sponge control samples were used to perform hemostasis experiments using a rat liver trauma model and a femoral artery trauma model. In addition, wound healing experiments were conducted using a rat dorsal full-layer skin defect model. Hemostasis time and blood loss values in the GE/SA3 group (liver hemorrhage model: 227.35 ± 3.22 mg, 77.83 ± 4.31 s; femoral artery bleeding model: 494.17 ± 48.66 mg, 76.50 ± 3.94 s) were significantly better than those in the other experimental groups and were similar to those in the commercial sponge group. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that SA promoted the adhesion and aggregation of platelets and red blood cells, which could further enhance hemostasis by activating the clotting process. The results showed that the optimal ratio of gelatin to sodium alginate was 1:3, which provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent construction of a drug delivery system. The gelatin sodium alginate sponge scaffold prepared in this study not only overcame the limitations of simple gelatin hemostatic sponges (such as decreased mechanical properties and poor hemostatic effects after water absorption) but also had excellent properties, such as good biocompatibility, low toxicity, high cost performance and good wound healing. Moreover, this scaffold had wide potential for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is a major adverse effect of calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine, used clinically as immunosuppressants. Calcineurin inhibitor‐induced hypertension (CIH) is linked to augmented sympathetic output from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). GluA2‐lacking, Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors (CP‐AMPARs) are a key feature of glutamatergic synaptic plasticity, yet their role in CIH remains elusive. Here, we found that systemic administration of FK506 in rats significantly increased serine phosphorylation of GluA1 and GluA2 in PVN synaptosomes. Strikingly, FK506 treatment reduced GluA1/GluA2 heteromers in both synaptosomes and endoplasmic reticulum‐enriched fractions from the PVN. Blocking CP‐AMPARs with IEM‐1460 induced a larger reduction of AMPAR‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (AMPAR‐EPSC) amplitudes in retrogradely labelled, spinally projecting PVN neurons in FK506‐treated rats than in vehicle‐treated rats. Furthermore, FK506 treatment shifted the current–voltage relationship of AMPAR‐EPSCs from linear to inward rectification in labelled PVN neurons. FK506 treatment profoundly enhanced physical interactions of α2δ‐1 with GluA1 and GluA2 in the PVN. Inhibiting α2δ‐1 with gabapentin, α2δ‐1 genetic knockout, or disrupting α2δ‐1–AMPAR interactions with an α2δ‐1 C terminus peptide restored GluA1/GluA2 heteromers in the PVN and diminished inward rectification of AMPAR‐EPSCs in labelled PVN neurons induced by FK506 treatment. Additionally, microinjection of IEM‐1460 or α2δ‐1 C terminus peptide into the PVN reduced renal sympathetic nerve discharges and arterial blood pressure elevated in FK506‐treated rats but not in vehicle‐treated rats. Thus, calcineurin in the hypothalamus constitutively regulates AMPAR subunit composition and phenotypes by controlling GluA1/GluA2 interactions with α2δ‐1. Synaptic CP‐AMPARs in PVN presympathetic neurons contribute to augmented sympathetic outflow in CIH. Key points: Systemic treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor increases serine phosphorylation of synaptic GluA1 and GluA2 in the PVN.Calcineurin inhibition enhances the prevalence of postsynaptic Ca2+‐permeable AMPARs in PVN presympathetic neurons.Calcineurin inhibition potentiates α2δ‐1 interactions with GluA1 and GluA2, disrupting intracellular assembly of GluA1/GluA2 heterotetramers in the PVN.Blocking Ca2+‐permeable AMPARs or α2δ‐1–AMPAR interactions in the PVN attenuates sympathetic outflow augmented by the calcineurin inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a systemic condition marked by the enlargement of the ovaries and heightened vascular permeability. And hypothyroidism (HT) emerges as a potential risk factor for OHSS occurrence. This review presented a comprehensive summary of pertinent case reports involving patients diagnosed with both HT and OHSS. Detailed exploration was conducted into their clinical presentations, diagnostic methodologies, and treatment modalities. Additionally, the review delved into potential interaction mechanisms between HT and OHSS, encompassing various aspects including hormone levels. Moreover, management strategies for mitigating the risk of OHSS in HT patients were thoroughly reviewed and the importance of monitoring thyroid function in those experiencing OHSS was emphasized. This review indicated that the association between HT and OHSS, underscoring its multifaceted complexity. It could accentuate the ongoing necessity for rigorous research and clinical refinement to deepen our comprehension of this association and to bolster diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies for optimal patient care. In conclusion, this review offered valuable insights for future research directions and clinical practices for patients afflicted with OHSS and HT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: This research examines the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and nursing team creativity in new hospitals and introduces innovation climate, creative self-efficacy, team psychological safety, and knowledge sharing as mediating variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional study sampled 833 nurses from 2 new hospitals in Guizhou Province, China. They completed a questionnaire on entrepreneurial leadership, nursing team creativity, innovation climate, creative self-efficacy, team psychological safety, and knowledge sharing. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Entrepreneurial leadership positively influenced nursing team creativity. Innovation climate, creative self-efficacy, team psychological safety, and knowledge sharing mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and nursing team creativity in new hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the significant role of innovation climate, creative self-efficacy, team psychological safety, and knowledge sharing in mediating the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and nursing team creativity through empirical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prognostic value of the ratio of haemoglobin to red cell distribution width (HRR) in different types of heart failure (HF) is not well known. Method and Results: We analysed the long-term prognostic value of HRR in patients with HF using the Cox proportional risk model and Kaplan-Meier method. We reviewed consecutive 972 HF patients. The overall mortality rate was 45.68%. Mortality was 52.22% in the HFrEF group and 40.99% in the HFpEF + HFmrEF group. Cox regression showed that when HRR increased by 1 unit, the risk of all-cause death in all HF patients decreased by 22.8% (HR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.724, 0.823, p < 0.001), in the HFpEF + HFmrEF group it decreased by 15.5% (HR: 0.845, 95% CI: 0.774, 0.923, p < 0.001), and in the HFrEF group it decreased by 36.1% (HR: 0.639, 95% CI: 0.576, 0.709, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that there were interactions between the EF and HRR groups. The group in which HRR best predicted all-cause death from HF was group 1 (EF <40%, HRR <9.45), followed by group 2 (EF <40%, HRR ≥9.45), and group 3 (EF ≥40%, HRR <9.45). HRR had no predictive value in group 4 (EF ≥40%, HRR ≥9.45). Conclusion: HRR is an important predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with HF, especially HFrEF. There is an interaction between HRR group and LVEF group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe trauma with massive active blood loss, including liver and spleen rupture, arterial bleeding and pelvic fracture, will lead disability, malformation and even death. Therefore, it is very important to develop new, fast and efficient hemostatic materials. In this study, a novel Gelatin/Kaolin (GE/KA) composite sponge was developed. Meanwhile, to further investigate the effect of kaolin content on sponge properties, we prepared four types of sponges: GE/5% KA, GE/10% KA, GE/15% KA and GE/20% KA. The results of coagulation test in vitro showed that compared to the other groups, there were more activated adhered platelets and red blood cells on the surface of GE/15% KA. The results of hemostasis test in vivo showed that compared to other experimental groups, the GE/15% KA group had significantly less hemostasis time (liver hemostasis model: 69.50 ± 2.81 s; femoral artery hemostasis model: 75.17 ± 3.06 s) and bleeding volume (liver hemostasis model: 219.02 ± 10.39 mg; femoral artery hemostasis model: 948.00 ± 50.69 mg), and was similar to the commercial hemostasis material group. Additionally, the material properties of the sponge were characterized and its biocompatibility was verified as well through cell experiments and in vivo embedding experiments. All these results indicate that the optimal content of kaolin is 15%, which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research. All in all, the novel GE/KA composite sponge prepared in this study can be used as a multifunctional hemostatic wound dressing for the treatment of complex wounds under various trauma scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing new heating techniques is crucial for manufacturing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite parts, as these kinds of components usually need to be chemically cured or physically consolidated under specific temperature fields. Recently, great attention has been paid to differentiated heating methods since they can exert a uniform temperature field on the component and its tooling which always have uneven thermal mass distributions. Moreover, they also offer the possibility of improving the curing or consolidation quality through customized temperature fields. In this paper, we report a differentiated microwave heating method based on pre-designed electromagnetic resonators which has the advantages of wireless connections, quick response, and precise temperature control. To verify the idea, four kinds of resonators with rectangular copper patterns on polyimide films of different thicknesses were first designed and fabricated, making the CFRP laminate have an absorbance of 28%, 47%, 70%, and 81% at different locations. Then, a differentiated heating performance was validated under a fixed microwave power of 1200 W where the temperature of those locations was stabilized at 52.8 °C, 69.1 °C, 86.2 °C, and 93.8 °C, respectively. On this basis, a simulation model with a prediction accuracy of more than 90% was established to model the relationship between the structural parameters of the resonator and the required microwave heating performance. Finally, as a potential application, the proposed method was used to achieve a uniform heating process of a variable-thickness structure. Compared with the overall heating method, the temperature difference was reduced by 82%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plasmapheresis is widely used for severe hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) to remove excessive triglycerides from plasma. This study aimed to evaluate whether plasmapheresis could improve the duration of organ failure in HTG-AP patients. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of patients from a multicenter, prospective, long-running registry (the PERFORM) collecting HTG-AP patients admitted to the study sites within 72 h from the onset of symptoms. This study was based on data collected from November 2020 to March 2023. Patients who had organ failure at enrollment were involved in the analyses. The primary outcome was time to organ failure resolution within 14 days. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between plasmapheresis and time to organ failure resolution. Directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used to identify potential confounders. Results: A total of 122 HTG-AP patients were included (median [IQR] sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at enrollment, 3.00 [2.00–4.00]). Among the study patients, 46 underwent plasmapheresis, and 76 received medical treatment. The DAG revealed that baseline serum triglyceride, APACHE II score, respiratory failure, cardiovascular failure, and renal failure were potential confounders. After adjusting for the selected confounders, there was no significant difference in time to organ failure resolution between patients undergoing plasmapheresis and those receiving exclusive medical treatment (HR = 1.07; 95%CI 0.68–1.68; P = 0.777). Moreover, the use of plasmapheresis was associated with higher ICU requirements (97.8% [45/46] vs. 65.8% [50/76]; OR, 19.33; 95%CI 2.20 to 169.81; P = 0.008). Conclusions: In HTG-AP patients with early organ failure, plasmapheresis was not associated with accelerated organ failure resolution compared to medical treatment but may be associated with more ICU admissions. Trial registration: The PERFORM study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000039541). Registered 30 October 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outstanding materials and novel device structures are key factors in satisfying the increasing demand for energy storage. Li‐ion capacitors, as one typical model of asymmetric supercapacitors, benefit from the battery's ultrahigh specific energy and supercapacitor's superlarge specific power to meet the balanced electrochemical energy storage requirements. The inherent and irreplaceable advantages make spinel lithium titanate an optimal candidate for power batteries and Li‐ion capacitors. However, upstream market volatility, including price spikes and supply shortages, tremendously threatens spinel lithium titanate's production, sale, and application. Lithium hydroxide hydrate is an alternative raw material to synthesize spinel lithium titanate synthesis, which can help address these concerns. The indirect production path generates high‐quality lithium carbonate as an intermediate product. Spinel lithium titanate is synthesized preferably via another economically and technically more efficient method that skips the isolation step after carboxylation. The electrochemical performance of the resulting spinel lithium titanate is evaluated to be better than that of commercial competitors. The spinel lithium titanate negative electrode‐based lithium‐ion capacitor achieves a specific energy of 89.5 Wh kg−1. These results demonstrate the success of efforts to find a feasible and affordable synthesis route to mitigate market risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke survivors frequently experience difficulties in daily activities, such as bathing, feeding, and mobility. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a computer-adaptive test-Longshi scale (CAT-LS) for assessing activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke survivors. This cross-sectional study collected data using an electronic application. The ADL function of stroke survivors in rehabilitation departments of hospitals was assessed using both the CAT-LS and BI. Correlations between the CAT-LS and Barthel index (BI) and concurrent validity were evaluated using Pearson's correlation test and multiple linear regression. Interrater reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient based on a two-way random effect. The internal consistency of the CAT-LS was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient (α) and corrected item-total correlations. Overall, 103 medical institutions in China were used in this study. In total, 7151 patients with stroke were included in this study. The CAT-LS classified patients into three ADL groups (bedridden, domestic, and community) with significantly different BI scores (P < 0.05). The CAT-LS results obtained using the decision-tree scoring model were consistent with the scores for each BI item. A strong correlation was observed between CAT-LS and BI (Pearson's r: 0.6–0.894, P < 0.001). The CAT-LS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α, 0.803–0.894) and interrater reliability (ICC, 0.928–0.979). CAT-LS is time-efficient and requires < 1 min to administer. The CAT-LS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing ADL function in stroke survivors and can provide rapid and accurate assessments that reduce the burden on healthcare professionals. Further validation of this tool in other populations and settings is necessary. Study registration number: No.: ChiCTR2000034067; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54770. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alfalfa is one of the most widely cultivated perennial legume crops used as feedstock for animals. Efficiently estimating alfalfa yield and quality traits before harvesting is critical for the decision-making process regarding precision management activities and harvesting time to ensure high profitability. Satellite-based radar is a powerful tool in remote sensing for crop monitoring because it provides high-quality data regardless of weather conditions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential use of satellite radar features and environmental factors in estimating alfalfa yield and quality. Alfalfa yield and quality traits, including dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), NDF digestibility (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), were collected over 16 alfalfa fields from 2016 to 2021, leading to 126 samples in total. Sentinel-1 radar backscattering coefficients and environmental factors were collected for all the fields across all growing seasons. Five commonly used machine learning models were established to estimate each alfalfa trait separately. The results show that the Extreme Gradient Boosting model consistently performed the best for all alfalfa traits. The accuracy of the DMY estimates is acceptable, with an average R2 of 0.67 and an RMSE of 0.68 tons/ha. The best result for estimating CP was an average R2 of 0.70 and an RMSE of 1.63% DM. In estimating alfalfa fiber indicators (i.e., ADF, NDF, and NDFD), we achieved the highest average R2 values of 0.54, 0.62, and 0.56, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential use of environmental factors for alfalfa yield and quality estimation in-field before harvesting. However, the Sentinel-1 radar backscattering coefficients did not make significant contributions to improving the estimation performance, compared to the environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for clinical sleep monitoring, but its cost, discomfort, and limited suitability for continuous use present challenges. The flexible electrode sleep patch (FESP) emerges as an economically viable and patient-friendly solution, offering lightweight, simple operation, and self-applicable. Nevertheless, its utilization in young individuals remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to compare sleep data obtained by FESP and PSG in healthy young individuals and analyze agreement for sleep parameters and structure classification. Overnight monitoring with FESP and PSG recordings in 48 participants (mean age: 23 yr) was done. Correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots, and Cohen's kappa coefficient assessed consistency. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values compared classification against PSG. FESP showed strong correlation and consistency with PSG for sleep monitoring. Bland-Altman plots indicated small errors and high consistency. Kappa values (0.70–0.84) suggested substantial agreement for sleep stage classification. Pearson correlation coefficient values for sleep stages (0.75–0.88) and sleep parameters (0.80–0.96) confirm that FESP has a strong application. Intraclass correlation coefficient yielded values between 0.65 and 0.97. In addition, FESP demonstrated an impressive accuracy range of 84.12–93.47% for sleep stage classification. The FESP also features a wearable self-test program with an error rate of no more than 8% for both deep sleep and wake. In young adults, FESP demonstrated reliable monitoring capabilities comparable to PSG. With its low cost and user-friendly design, FESP is a potential alternative for portable sleep assessment in clinical and research applications. Further studies involving larger populations are needed to validate its diagnostic potential. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: By comparison with PSG, this study confirmed the reliability of an efficient, objective, low-cost, and noninvasive portable automatic sleep-monitoring device FESP, which provides effective information for long-term family sleep disorder diagnosis and sleep quality monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we devised a diagnostic platform harnessing a combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system. Notably, this platform obviates the need for intricate equipment and finds utility in diverse settings. Two result display methods were incorporated in this investigation: the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence method and the RPA-Cas12a-LFS (lateral flow strip). Upon validation, both display platforms exhibited no instances of cross-reactivity, with seven additional types of fungal pathogens responsible for respiratory infections. The established detection limit was ascertained to be as low as 102 copies/µL. In comparison to fluorescence quantitative PCR, the platform demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.7%, a specificity of 100%, and a consistency rate of 98.0%.This platform provides expeditious, precise, and on-site detection capabilities, thereby rendering it a pivotal diagnostic instrument amenable for deployment in primary healthcare facilities and point-of-care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, a defensive strategy commonly employed by the host cells to restrict pathogenic infections, has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of cancer. However, the role of ferroptosis in oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced cancers remains elusive. While a growing number of non-histone proteins have been identified as acetylation targets, the functions of these modifications have yet to be revealed. Here, we show KSHV reprogramming of host acetylation proteomics following cellular transformation of rat primary mesenchymal precursor. Among them, SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) deacetylation is increased and required for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. Mechanistically, KSHV-encoded viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) promotes SIRT3 deacetylation of SERBP1, preventing its binding to and protection of lipoyltransferase 2 (Lipt2) mRNA from mRNA degradation resulting in ferroptosis. Consequently, a SIRT3-specific inhibitor, 3-TYP, suppresses KSHV-induced cellular transformation by inducing ferroptosis. Our findings unveil novel roles of vIL-6 and SERBP1 deacetylation in regulating ferroptosis and KSHV-induced cellular transformation, and establish the vIL-6-SIRT3-SERBP1-ferroptosis pathways as a potential new therapeutic target for KSHV-associated cancers. Author summary: Ferroptosis has been implicated in viral infections and the development of cancers, however, its role in oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced cancers is still unknown. Although abnormal protein lysine acetylation modification has been strongly implicated in tumorigenesis, the exact role of this modification in KSHV-induced cell transformation remains elusive. Our study uncovers the reduction of acetylation of SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1), which is required for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. KSHV-encoded viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) promotes SIRT3 deacetylation of SERBP1, preventing its binding to and protection of lipoyltransferase 2 (Lipt2) mRNA from mRNA degradation resulting in ferroptosis. A SIRT3-specific inhibitor, 3-TYP, induces ferroptosis and inhibits survival of KSHV-transformed cells. These findings define a novel mechanism contributing to KSHV-induced cellular transformation and provide a rationale for therapeutically targeting lysine acetylation and the associated enzyme for infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The contribution of specific childhood trauma subtypes to suicidal thoughts and the associated mechanisms remains unclear, particularly in psychiatric patients. Methods: Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 449 psychiatric patients aged 18–73. Childhood trauma, self‐esteem, nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), and suicidality were assessed retrospectively. Regression and moderated mediation model were employed to examine these relationships. Results: Emotional and sexual abuse were independently associated with suicidality. Female patients reported higher levels of emotional and sexual abuse, lower self‐esteem, and a heightened risk of suicide. Self‐esteem moderated the links between childhood trauma and NSSI, as well as between NSSI and suicidality. NSSI served as a mediator between childhood trauma and suicidality. Conclusions: Suicide prevention in mentally ill patients should involve targeted programs addressing specific childhood trauma. Additionally, psychological interventions to enhance self‐esteem and assist individuals engaging in NSSI behavior are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angelicae sinensis radix is commonly used in Chinese medicine and is also widely used as a spice and condiment in many countries. Due to the different geographical sources and processing methods, the contents of chemical components are different and affect the quality of Angelica sinensis radix. A simple and efficient method was established to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Angelica sinensis radix by combining HPLC fingerprint and single-standard multi-component quantitative analysis. With ferulic acid as a single marker, the contents of eight main active ingredients, including ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, coniferyl ferulate, E-ligustilide, E-butylidenephthalide, Z-ligustilide, and Z-butylidenephthalide, were simultaneously determined in 30 min by reliable relative correction factor. The overall chemical profiles of Angelica sinensis radix were compared by fingerprint similarity evaluation, the specific content level of each component was compared by simultaneous content determination of multiple components of a single standard, and the specific different components of Angelica sinensis radix before and after processing were analyzed by chemometrics. The established method was successfully applied to the quality evaluation of 44 batches of Angelica sinensis radix from 4 different origins and 45 batches of Angelica sinensis radix with different processing methods. This study proposed a simple, rapid, low-cost, and reliable quality comprehensive evaluation method for ASR from different origins and processing methods, which may be readily transferred and applied to other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered reliable supplies for next-generation energy devices. However, there is a limited understanding of strategies to prevent the performance deterioration of SIBs under extreme temperature conditions. This study aimed to address this challenge by developing modified electrolyte chemistry to achieve stable wide-temperature SIBs. Weakly Na+-solvating solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) was used to promote the kinetics of Na+ de-solvation. Moreover, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) was introduced as a co-solvent because of the high solubility for Na salts and the coupling reaction mechanism with the Bi electrode. The formulated electrolyte not only endows an anion-dominated NaF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, but also reduces the energy required for the Na+ across the SEI layer (from 291.2 to 89.6 meV). Consequently, Na||Bi half batteries achieve stable cycles at 400 mA g−1 at −20, 20 and 60 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the extreme operating temperature of the batteries can be extended to −40 and 80 °C, which exceeds those of most current lithium/sodium-based batteries. Furthermore, full batteries employing Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 as the cathode material exhibit stable operation over a wide temperature range of −20 to 60 °C. This electrolyte design strategy presented in this study shows significant promise for enabling wide-temperature SIBs with improved performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop mapping provides information on crop types and cropland spatial distribution. Therefore, accurate and timely crop mapping serves as the fundamental step to higher-level agricultural applications, such as crop yield prediction. Recently, deep learning (DL) classification models have been explored for crop mapping. However, most existing methods are still limited in practical applications for large-scale crop mapping due to the great need for representative labeled data that cover diverse geographical conditions. To address this issue, we proposed a novel deep active learning (AL) method, named Bayesian Semi-Supervised Active Learning (BSSAL), using time-series Sentinel-2 imagery for large-scale crop mapping. This framework consists of three parts: 1) a Bayesian neural network (BNN) for crop classification, 2) a Semi-Supervised task to leverage massive satellite imagery without crop type information, and 3) an AL strategy to select the most informative samples to be labeled. The proposed framework was validated on five crop classes over six sites with different geographical conditions across the U.S. in testing years 2019–2021. The BSSAL framework produced a mean OA of 98.69% in the end-of-season experiment and significantly outperformed other comparison methods. Moreover, it achieved an average OA of 97.00% with in-season satellite imagery from the day of the year (DOY) 140 (early April) to 200 (mid-July) and greatly improved the timeliness of crop mapping. Furthermore, the BSSAL framework had the best performance in all study sites, showing the robustness of the global model on local testing. By monitoring the accuracy of each crop type along with the number of samples selected, the results showed the effectiveness of the proposed active data query strategy to random choice. Overall, this study provided a robust framework for large-scale crop mapping with less labeling budget and higher classification accuracy. The source code is available at: https://github.com/YXu556/BSSAL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood glucose management in intensive care units (ICU) remains a controversial topic. We assessed the association between time-weighted average glucose (TWAG) levels and ICU mortality in critically ill patients in a real-world study. This retrospective study included critically ill patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Glycemic distance is the difference between TWAG in the ICU and preadmission usual glycemia assessed with glycated hemoglobin at ICU admission. The TWAG and glycemic distance were divided into 4 groups and 3 groups, and their associations with ICU mortality risk were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the non-linear relationship. A total of 4737 adult patients were included. After adjusting for covariates, compared with TWAG ≤ 110 mg/dL, the odds ratios (ORs) of the TWAG > 110 mg/dL groups were 1.62 (95% CI 0.97–2.84, p = 0.075), 3.41 (95% CI 1.97–6.15, p < 0.05), and 6.62 (95% CI 3.6–12.6, p < 0.05). Compared with glycemic distance at − 15.1–20.1 mg/dL, the ORs of lower or higher groups were 0.78 (95% CI 0.50–1.21, p = 0.3) and 2.84 (95% CI 2.12–3.82, p < 0.05). The effect of hyperglycemia on ICU mortality was more pronounced in non-diabetic and non-septic patients. TWAG showed a U-shaped relationship with ICU mortality risk, and the mortality risk was minimal at 111 mg/dL. Maintaining glycemic distance ≤ 20.1 mg/dL may be beneficial. In different subgroups, the impact of hyperglycemia varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the current situation and relationship between missed nursing care (MNC) and job satisfaction among frontline nurses in a hospital dedicated to treating COVID-19 patients in China. Many dedicated hospitals were constructed or refurbished to centrally manage patients with COVID-19. Most nurses and doctors in these hospitals were redeployed from other departments or hospitals. This may have compromised nursing quality and job satisfaction. The omission of nursing care is a critical factor in assessing nursing quality; therefore, focusing on both MNC and job satisfaction is essential. This cross-sectional study used convenience and snowball sampling techniques to recruit frontline nurses working in a hospital for treating COVID-19 patients from November to December 2022. The questionnaires used in this study included sociodemographic information, job satisfaction, and the MISSCARE survey. Differences in job satisfaction and MISSCARE scores among participants' demographic deviations were explored using the Mann–Whitney Z test (two groups) and the Kruskal–Wallis H test (three or more groups). The correlation between participants' job satisfaction and missed nursing actions was analysed using Spearman's correlation analysis. The analysis included 306 frontline nurses. Frontline nurses' job satisfaction was high, and their MNC was low. The highest MNC was "offer rehabilitation care and guidance to patients in need every day." The most reported reasons for the MNC were "urgent patient situations." In addition, the job satisfaction scale, MNC scores, and reasons for MNC scores showed statistically significant differences among participants' demographic variables. Moreover, this study identified a negative correlation between frontline nurses' job satisfaction and MNC. Frontline nurses' job satisfaction was high, and their MNC was low. Frontline nurses' demographics were shown to affect their job satisfaction, MNC, and reported reasons. Furthermore, participants' job satisfaction can influence the MNC. Tailored interventions aimed at maintaining low levels of MNC should consider frontline nurses' demographic characteristics and job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the endurance performance for hafnia-based ferroelectric thin films and devices is of considerable significance from both scientific and technological perspectives. Here, we obtained robust ferroelectricity in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films without the need of the confinement from top electrodes by systematically optimizing the conditions and parameters for the post-deposition annealing (PDA) process. Compared with the post-metallization annealing (PMA) process, PDA is found to markedly improve the ferroelectric endurance performance. In particular, wake-up-free ferroelectric HZO thin films with an exceptional endurance performance (∼3 × 1010 cycles) are obtained by PDA processing conducted under an oxygen atmosphere, which is attributed to the suppression of oxygen deficiency in the HZO thin films and the inhibition of interfacial reaction layer that inevitably forms during annealing treatment for PMA processing. Our work offers insight into improving ferroelectricity and endurance for hafnia-based ferroelectric materials and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety concerns, stemming from the presence of complex and unpredictable adulterants, permeate the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (NReR) from the Apiaceae family, commonly known as "Qiang-huo", is a widely used herbal medicine. The recent surge in its demand has given rise to a proliferation of counterfeit and substituted products in the market. Traditional identification presents inherent limitations, while DNA mini-barcoding, reliant on sequencing a short-standardized region, has received considerable attention as a new potential means to identify processed medicinal materials. In this study, we constructed a comprehensive Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) matrix encompassing genuine NReR and their commonly found adulterants for the first time. Leveraging this matrix, we conducted a thorough assessment of the genetic profiles and sources of NReR available in the Chinese herbal medicine market. Following established DNA barcoding protocols, the intra-specific genetic divergences within NReR species were found to be lower than the inter-specific genetic divergences from other species. Among the 120 samples that were successfully amplified, ITS2 exhibits an outstanding species-level identification efficiency of 100% when evaluated using both the BLASTN and neighbor-joining (NJ) tree methods. We concluded that ITS2 is a mini-barcode that has shown its potential and may become a universal mini-barcode for the quality control of "Qiang-huo", thereby ensuring the safety of clinical medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is the leading cause of CRC deaths, however, the relative epidemiological research was insufficient. We aimed to analyze the patterns and trends of mortality of mCRC in Shanghai with a more complete system for monitoring the cause of death of the population and find potential methods to reduce the burden of CRC in China. Methods: Mortality data from 2005 to 2021 of mCRC deaths were obtained from the mortality registration system in Shanghai. We analyzed the crude mortality rates, age-standardized mortality rates, and rates of years of life lost (YLL rates) of mCRC. In addition, the trends were quantified using Joinpoint Regression software. Results: A total of 4,386 mCRC deaths were included, with 1,937 (44.16%) liver metastases and 1,061 (24.19%) lung metastases. The crude mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate of mCRC were 9.09 per 105 person-years and 3.78 per 105 person-years, respectively. The YLL was 50,533.13 years, and the YLL rate was 104.67 per 105 person-years. The overall annual crude mortality rate of mCRC increased by 1.47% (95% CI 0.28–2.68%, P < 0.001) from 2005 to 2021. The crude mortality rate of mCRC increased by 3.20% per year (95% CI 1.80–4.70%, P < 0.001) from 2005 to 2013, but the trend of mortality growth remained stable from 2013 to 2021. The YLL rates remained stable between 2005 and 2021. Conclusions: Population aging was the most likely factor responsible for the increase in CRC mortality in Pudong. Physical examinations and screenings for the elderly were possible reasons for reducing the burden of CRC in fast-growing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracellular DNA-sensing pathway cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis act as critical natural immune signaling axes for microbial infection, chronic inflammation, cancer progression and organ degeneration, but the mechanism and regulation of the crosstalk network remain unclear. Cellular stress disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, facilitates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the leakage of mitochondrial DNA to cell membrane, triggers inflammatory responses by activating cGAS-STING signaling, and subsequently induces inflammasomes activation and the onset of pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the inflammasome-associated protein caspase-1, Gasdermin D, the CARD domain of ASC and the potassium channel are involved in regulating cGAS-STING pathway. Importantly, this crosstalk network has a cascade amplification effect that exacerbates the immuno-inflammatory response, worsening the pathological process of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Given the importance of this crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in the regulation of innate immunity, it is emerging as a new avenue to explore the mechanisms of multiple disease pathogenesis. Therefore, efforts to define strategies to selectively modulate cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in different disease settings have been or are ongoing. In this review, we will describe how this mechanistic understanding is driving possible therapeutics targeting this crosstalk network, focusing on the interacting or regulatory proteins, pathways, and a regulatory mitochondrial hub between cGAS-STING, inflammasomes, and pyroptosis. Short conclusion: This review aims to provide insight into the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of the crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis, and to highlight some promising directions for future research and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]