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Atherosclerotic plaque formation is largely attributed to the impaired efferocytosis, which is known to be associated with the pathologic upregulation of cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), a key antiphagocytic molecule. By gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets analysis, we identified that four miRNAs are aberrantly downregulated in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and obesity. Of them, hsa‐miR‐299‐3p (miR‐299‐3p) was predicted to target the 3′UTR of human CD47 mRNA by bioinformatics analysis. Further, we demonstrated that miR‐299‐3p negatively regulates CD47 expression by binding to the target sequence "CCCACAU" in the 3′UTR of CD47 mRNA through luciferase reporter assay and site‐directed mutagenesis. Additionally, we found that miR‐299‐3p was downregulated by ~32% in foam cells in response to oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) stimulation, thus upregulating CD47 and contributing to the impaired efferocytosis. Whereas, restoration of miR‐299‐3p reversed the ox‐LDL‐induced upregulation of CD47, thereby facilitating efferocytosis. In high‐fat diet (HFD) fed ApoE−/− mice, we discovered that miR‐299‐3p was downregulated thus leading to upregulation of CD47 in abdominal aorta. Conversely, miR‐299‐3p restoration potently suppressed HFD‐induced upregulation of CD47 and promoted phagocytosis of foam cells by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, thereby reducing necrotic core, increasing plaque stability, and mitigating atherosclerosis. Conclusively, we identify miR‐299‐3p as a negative regulator of CD47, and reveal a molecular mechanism whereby the ox‐LDL‐induced downregulation of miR‐299‐3p leads to the upregulation of CD47 in foam cells thus contributing to the impaired efferocytosis in atherosclerosis, and propose miR‐299‐3p can potentially serve as an inhibitor of CD47 to promote efferocytosis and ameliorate atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contributions of local and remote forcings to the interannual sea level anomalies (SLAs) along the U.S. East Coast (USEC) during the satellite altimetry era from 1993 to 2019 are quantified with analytical models assisted by statistical methods. The local forcings from alongshore wind stress, sea level pressure via inverted barometer (IB) effect, and river discharges together explain 47%, 60.4%, and 66.8% of coastal sea level variance in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), and Gulf of Maine (GOM), respectively, with river discharges having the minimum contribution. Over a longer period of 1960–2019, the contribution of local forcings reduces significantly, with the IB effect having the minimum contribution. The remote forcings associated with open-ocean signals from the east and from the northern boundary at the Scotian coast together with the Gulf Stream (GS) variability explain 45.7%, 28.5%, and 37.7% of coastal sea level variance in the SAB, MAB, and GOM, respectively, playing a role comparable to that of local forcings in the SAB. The open-ocean sea level signals from 35° to 38°N strongly influence coastal SLAs in the SAB. The coastal SLAs in the SAB are also affected by the upstream GS strength (28°–36°N) and basin-scale wind stress curl anomaly, which is linked to the meridional shift in the downstream GS (74°–68°W). Remote forcings from the subpolar North Atlantic and wind stress curl from the Grand Banks to the Scotian coast influence coastal SLAs in the GOM and MAB via the northern boundary of the USEC at the Scotian coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of motor neurons (MNs). A number of causative genetic mutations underlie the disease, including mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene, which can lead to both juvenile and late-onset ALS. Although ALS results from MN death, there is evidence that dysfunctional glial cells, including oligodendroglia, contribute to neurodegeneration. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with a R521H or a P525L mutation in FUS and their isogenic controls to generate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) by inducing SOX10 expression from a TET-On SOX10 cassette. Mutant and control iPSCs differentiated efficiently into OPCs. RNA sequencing identified a myelin sheath-related phenotype in mutant OPCs. Lipidomic studies demonstrated defects in myelin-related lipids, with a reduction of glycerophospholipids in mutant OPCs. Interestingly, FUSR521H OPCs displayed a decrease in the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, known to be associated with maintaining membrane integrity. A proximity ligation assay further indicated that mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) were diminished in both mutant FUS OPCs. Moreover, both mutant FUS OPCs displayed increased susceptibility to ER stress when exposed to thapsigargin, and exhibited impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced Ca2+ signaling from ER Ca2+ stores. Taken together, these results demonstrate a pathological role of mutant FUS in OPCs, causing defects in lipid metabolism associated with MAM disruption manifested by impaired mitochondrial metabolism with increased susceptibility to ER stress and with suppressed physiological Ca2+ signaling. As such, further exploration of the role of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in the demise of MNs is crucial and will provide new insights into the complex cellular mechanisms underlying ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Disruption of MAM integrity in mutant FUS oligodendroglial progenitors from hiPSCs" published in Acta Neuropathologica. The correction states that there was an error in Figure 5 of the article, where the incorrect dataset was used to compare FUSR521H and Isogenic 1 OPCs. The corrected figures are provided in the notice. The article provides information on dysregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism in mutant FUS iPSC-derived OPCs. It also includes joint-pathway analysis, volcano plots, and bar graphs to illustrate the dysregulated genes and metabolic pathways. The correction notice is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. [Extracted from the article]

The nonstationary roles of regional forcings from alongshore wind stress and sea level pressure (SLP) in driving low‐frequency (interannual‐to‐decadal) sea level variability along the U.S. east coast for the 1959–2020 period are investigated. The role of regional forcings increases with time north of Cape Hatteras particularly during summer when their contributions to the variance of observed summertime coastal sea level anomalies increase by approximately 58%–87% from 1959–1989 to 1990–2020. The enhanced impact of regional forcings in recent decades results from an increase in the Inverted Barometer (IB) effect that act constructively with alongshore wind stress especially during summer, and to a lesser extent for the Gulf of Maine during fall. The summertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is largely responsible for the increased IB effect, owing to the stronger NAO‐associated low SLP anomalies centered around the Mid‐Atlantic Bight in recent decades compared to earlier decades. Plain Language Summary: Alongshore wind stress and sea level pressure (SLP) are important regional forces in driving low‐frequency (interannual‐to‐decadal) sea level anomalies along the U.S. east coast. The roles of these regional forcings, however, vary with time, season, and region, which can shift the location and change the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. In this study, we find that regional forcings contribute more to observed sea level variability north of Cape Hatteras in recent decades (1990–2020) compared to earlier decades (1959–1989), particularly during summer. The increased role of regional forcings results from SLP variability via the Inverted Barometer (IB) effect, which exhibits a significant upward trend during summer with lower (higher) SLP raising (suppressing) sea level. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is largely responsible for the increased role of IB effect because the lower SLP anomalies related to the NAO have become more prominent north of Cape Hatteras in recent decades. Although winter NAO has been shown to be important for affecting the coastal sea level anomalies, it is the summer NAO effect that is enhanced via the IB effect, accounting for the enhanced regional forcing in recent decades. Key Points: The sea‐level variance explained by regional forcings increases with time north of Cape Hatteras due to the Inverted Barometer effectLower sea level pressure centered around Mid‐Atlantic Bight favors more contributions of the Inverted Barometer effect in recent decadesThe summertime North Atlantic Oscillation is largely responsible for the increased role of the Inverted Barometer effect [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What Is Known? In elderly inpatients, potential inappropriate medication (PIM) is a prominent prescription challenge. However, there is limited information available regarding PIM in patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases in China. Objective. To evaluate and improve the rational use of drugs for the treatment of CNS diseases in elderly inpatients. Method. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly inpatients (≥65 years) admitted to the Ninth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou in China from March 2020 to March 2021. PIM was identified based on the 2019 Beers criteria at admission and discharge. The patients recruited in March 2020 were considered a baseline group, which was used as a comparison to evaluate PIM of CNS disease-related drugs in June 2020, September 2020, December 2020, and March 2021. Results. A total of 1500 patients were included in the evaluation. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of average hospitalization days, drug varieties used, and PIM detection (p < 0.05), as determined by X2 test. A total of 332 cases of PIM were identified, and 226 cases were detected for the interaction with CNS disease dementia. Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that male, length of stay ≥15 days, and >10 medication types were risk factors for the occurrence of PIM (p < 0.05). After clinical supervision and training based on the High-Risk Drug Replacement Program for the Elderly, the rate of irrational medication under medical advice decreased from 34.67% in March 2020 to 14.0% (p < 0.001) in March 2021. What Is New and Conclusion. There was certain rationality based on the High-Risk Drug Replacement Program for the Elderly, and the rates of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 5-hydroxylamine/norepinephrine re-intake inhibitor, rotenone, quetiapine, and proton pump inhibitor use were improved. These results provide a reference for the continuous improvement of the PIM catalog for elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) is a well-known botanical supplement with antioxidant characteristics. However, the effects of EP on oxidative stress induced by hyperthyroidism have not yet been studied. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effect of ethanolic Echinacea Purpurea (EEP) on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress mice using an integrated strategy combining transcriptomics with network pharmacology analysis. Firstly, a hyperthyroidism mice model was induced via thyroxine (160 mg/kg) and EEP (1, 2, or 4 g/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Body weight, thyroid-stimulating hormones, and oxidative stress markers were tested. Secondly, EEP regulating the potential genes at transcript level were analyzed. Thirdly, a network pharmacology based on the constituents of EEP identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was adopted. Finally, a joint analysis was performed to identify the key pathway. The results showed that EEP significantly changed the thyroid-stimulating hormones and oxidative stress markers. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western Blotting demonstrated that the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of EEP reversed the mRNA expression of EHHADH, HMGCR and SLC27A2 and the protein expression of FABP and HMGCR in AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways. This study integrates transcriptomics with network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of ameliorative effect of EEP on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In BC tissues, miR-299-3p is down-regulated and CD47 and ABCE1 are up-regulated, all of which predict a poor prognosis. • MiR-299-3p could directly target both CD47 and ABCE1. • Restoration of miR-299-3p facilitates phagocytic uptake of BC cells by macrophages via repressing CD47 expression. • Restoration of miR-299-3p inhibits BC cell proliferation and migration and induces cell cycle arrest via repressing ABCE1 expression. • The dual-target characteristic of miR-299-3p enables it to exert synergistic anti-tumor activity, causing breast tumor regression. Immunoevasion has been a severe obstacle for the clinical treatment of breast cancer (BC). CD47, known as an anti-phagocytic molecule, plays a key role in governing the evasion of tumor cells from immune surveillance by interacting with signal-regulated protein α (SIRPα) on macrophages. Here, we report for the first time that miR-299-3p is a direct regulator of CD47 with tumor suppressive effects both in vitro and in vivo. miRNA expression profiles and overall survival of BC cohorts from the Cancer Genome Atlas, METABRIC, or GSE19783 datasets showed that miR-299-3p is downregulated in BC tissues and that BC patients with low levels of miR-299-3p have poorer prognoses. Using dual-luciferase reporter, qRT–PCR, Western blot, and phagocytosis assays, we proved that restoration of miR-299-3p can suppress CD47 expression by directly targeting the predicted seed sequence "CCCACAU" in its 3′-UTR, leading to phagocytosis of BC cells by macrophages, whereas miR-299-3p inhibition or deletion reversed this effect. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and a variety of confirmatory experiments revealed that miR-299-3p was inversely correlated with cell proliferation, migration, and the cell cycle process. Mechanistically, miR-299-3p can also directly target ABCE1, an essential ribosome recycling factor, alleviating these malignant phenotypes of BC cells. In vivo BC xenografts based on nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice further proved that restoration of miR-299-3p resulted in a significant suppression of tumorigenesis and a promotion of macrophage activation and infiltration. Overall, our study suggested that miR-299-3p is a potent inhibitor of CD47 and ABCE1 to exhibit bifunctional BC-suppressing effects through immune activation conjugated with malignant behavior inhibition in breast carcinogenesis and thus can potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target for BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of a shell on the surfaces of ferromagnetic particles has been proved to be an efficient approach to tailoring and improving the electromicrowave (EM) absorption. In this study, core–shell composites (FeCo@SiO 2 /TiO 2 , FeCo@SiO 2 @TiO 2) were designed and fabricated by facile hydrolysis reactions. In these novel composites, the combined effects of the characteristics of each component result in excellent properties. The FeCo core exhibits strong magnetic loss, and the SiO 2 /TiO 2 shell not only acts as an impedance matching medium, but also exhibits excellent dielectric loss. Moreover, the SiO 2 and TiO 2 can efficiently limit direct contact between FeCo particles and protect the FeCo core from oxidation at high temperature. The FeCo@SiO 2 , FeCo@TiO 2 , and FeCo@SiO 2 @TiO 2 absorbers exhibit enhanced EM absorption, with maximum reflection losses (RL max) of −38.49, −36.53, and −33.72 dB at thicknesses d of 2, 5, and 3 mm, respectively, compared to −19.23 dB for FeCo single particles (d = 5 mm). The improvement is due mainly to the improved impedance matching and multiple interfacial polarization. In particular, after annealing at 500 °C, the RL max values of the FeCo@SiO 2 , FeCo@TiO 2 , and FeCo@SiO 2 @TiO 2 absorbers are −25.41, −24, and −32.38 dB at thicknesses of 3, 3, and 5 mm, respectively, which are much higher than that of uncoated FeCo (−1.39 dB, d = 5 mm). These findings demonstrate that the fabricated FeCo-based core–shell structures can be good candidates for use as room- and high-temperature EM absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-inertial oscillations (NIOs) are important for maintaining turbulent mixing that affects ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, and climate. The spatial and temporal variability of NIOs in the deep part of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has rarely been reported. In this study, a collection of moored current observations was used to examine the spatiotemporal variability of NIOs in the GoM. In the upper layer (0–800 m), a strong seasonal variability of NIOs appears in the eastern GoM with larger amplitudes in winter than in summer and is attributed to the seasonal variability of surface winds and mixed layer depth. In the bottom layer (within 400 m above the bottom), strong NIOs are found in the middle and eastern GoM and show weaker seasonal variability. While winds still matter for the seasonal variability of NIOs in the bottom layer in the eastern GoM, low-frequency flows generally play a more important role in regulating NIOs through interactions with topography, particularly on the continental slope. • In the upper 800 m of eastern, northwestern GoM, NIOs are the strongest in winter. • Stronger upper-layer NIOs in winter are related to winds and mixed layer depth. • In the bottom 400 m, strong NIOs are found in the middle and eastern GoM. • Strong bottom-layer NIOs are related to background flow-topography interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of new hollow structure materials with high complexity in shell architecture and composition has been proven to be an efficient strategy to improve their properties in many applications. Herein we devise and demonstrate a general strategy to synthesize composite silicate with hierarchical hollow structure: (1) coating mesoporous silica on precursor; then (2) treated with proper solution on certain conditions, and then (3) thermal treatments. By using Y(OH)CO 3 submicrospheres as precursor, hollow composite silicate (Y 2 Si 2 O 7 @Zn 2 SiO 4 ) has been fabricated successfully. This Y 2 Si 2 O 7 @Zn 2 SiO 4 structure can accommodate multifold luminescent activator ions (Ce 3+ , Mn 2+ , Eu 3+ ) and realize full-color luminescence under a single wavelength excitation. Moreover, the emission of Ce 3+ , Eu 3+ and Mn 2+ in Y 2 Si 2 O 7 @Zn 2 SiO 4 structure exhibit excellent luminescence thermal stability due to the generation of defects at the interface and efficient energy transfer from the defect levels to activators at higher temperature. This novel fabrication methodology provides a feasible way to achieve multi-component hollow structure with multi-color emission for application in solid-state lighting, which is not limited to Y 2 Si 2 O 7 @Zn 2 SiO 4 material, but applying to other material systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas diffusion layer (GDL), as an important structure of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), provides a support layer for the catalyst and the fuel and the product channel. Traditionally, the material of GDL is generally carbon paper (CP). In this paper, a new material, namely three-dimensional graphene (3DG) is used as GDL for micro DMFC. The experimental results reveal that the performance of the DMFC has been improved significantly by application of 3DG. The peak powers increase from 25 mW to 31.2 mW and 32 mW by using 3DG as the anode and cathode GDL instead of CP, respectively. The reason may be the decrease of charge and mass transfer resistance of the cell. This means that the unique 3D porous architecture of the 3DG can provide lower contact resistance and sufficient fuel diffusion paths. The output performance of the cell will be further improved when porous metal current collectors is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose and demonstrate a novel methodology to fabricate nanomaterials with predictable morphologies and physical/chemical properties. This new fabrication methodology typically comprise the following steps: (i) precursors with specific morphology are coated with mesoporous silica; (ii) the precursors are converted into the target products chemically through the channels of mesoporous silica; (iii) the silica coating shells are removed by NaOH solution or other solutions, leading to the final product. The morphology of the final product is insensitive to external experimental conditions, and only determined by the morphology of the precursors. As a test vehicle, uniform Bi 0.96 Eu 0.04 PO 4 nanospheres with high light emission efficiency have been successfully fabricated by using Bi 0.96 Eu 0.04 nanospheres as the precursors. This novel fabrication methodology can also be extended to design and fabricate nanomaterials with controlled morphology in other material systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By substituting Gd 3+ for Ba 2+ ions in the single-phased Na 2 (Ba 5.99-2 m Eu 0.01 Gd m Na m )(Si 2 O 7 )(SiO 4 ) 2 (0 ≤ m ≤ 0.30) phosphors, the asymmetric emission peaks of three Eu luminescence centers monitored around 444, 494 and 552 nm varied accordingly under 365 nm excitation and caused the shift of CIE color coordinates from (0.1569, 0.2122) to (0.1697, 0.3082). Furthermore, the thermal stability and quantum yield of phosphors could be affected via the different cation substitution of Gd 3+ . Combined with the change tendencies of Ba-O bond lengths by Rietveld refinement, the possible mechanism of the luminescence transformation of Eu 2+ ion was the preferential occupancy at different crystallographic sites of Eu 2+ . Generally, this work sheds some new lights on the design and structure explanation of preferential occupancy at different crystallographic sites in phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of single-phased Na 2 Ba 5.99- x (Si 2 O 7 )(SiO 4 ) 2 :0.01Eu 2+ , x Mg 2+ and Na 2 Ba 5.99- y (Si 2 O 7 )(SiO 4 ) 2 :0.01Eu 2+ , y Zn 2+ phosphors have been successfully prepared via the solid-state reaction. Structural refinement, luminescence property, color tuning and thermally stability were systematically investigated. The as-prepared Na 2 Ba 6 (Si 2 O 7 )(SiO 4 ) 2 :0.01Eu 2+ phosphor showed broad excitation bands from 250 nm to 450 nm and presented wide emission bands under 365 nm excitation, which could be decomposed by Gaussian fitting into three peaks corresponding to different Eu luminous centers named Eu1, Eu2 and Eu3. By substituting Mg 2+ or Zn 2+ for Ba 2+ , the relative intensities of Eu1, Eu2 and Eu3 emission bands changed gradually. Combined with the variation tendencies of Ba O bond lengths by Rietveld refinement, the possible mechanism of the luminescence transformation of Eu 2+ ion was the preferential occupancy of Eu 2+ at different crystallographic sites. In addition, the introduction of Mg 2+ ion expressed more obvious improvement on the thermal quenching behaviors of Eu 2+ than Zn 2+ ion in this matrix. The emission intensities of Eu2 and Eu3 could be enhanced from 63.2% to 82.7% and 35.1%–46.8% at 373 K compared to the initial intensity when Mg 2+ concentration was 0.10. Generally, this work sheds some new lights on the design and structure explanation of preferential occupancy at different crystallographic sites in phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Stress of flake was analyzed by torque and FEA to design orientation magnetic field. • Fe-Si-Al films were prepared by tape casting process under designed magnetic field. • Nonlinear regression method was used to evaluate the effects of μ dw and μ spin on μ. • The P loss / P in of membrane is 0.9 (1–7 GHz), reaching 90 % of absorption efficiency. The torque model of the sheet under the magnetic field was established to improve the orientation, based on the Maxwell simulation software. The simulation yields parallel and uniform magnetic lines of force that run through the sheet-like magnetic particles. Then a series of flaky Fe-Si-Al powder / polyvinyl alcohol (PVB) composite membranes were prepared by the tape casting process under the designed magnetic field. The μ′ and μ″ of the treated with magnetic field orientation reach 159 (1 MHz) and 45 (10 MHz), respectively. The nonlinear regression method is used to analyze the complex permeability and evaluate the influence of domain wall displacement and spin rotation on the magnetic permeability theoretically. The power loss ratio of the composite membrane is about 0.9 at the bandwidth of 1–7 GHz, which reaches 90 % of the absorption efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel single-composition Sr 3 Gd 2 (Si 3 O 9 ) 3 (SGSO):Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ phosphor emitting blue-cyan lights was synthesized through conventional high temperature solid-state method. All samples were investigated by the X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectra, luminescence decay spectra and thermal photoluminescence. The Ce 3+ activated SGSO sample showed strong absorption bands ranging from 270 to 380 nm and a blue broadband peaked at 405 nm. After Eu 2+ were co-doped with Ce 3+ , the color tune of SGSO:Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ phosphors under the irradiation of 329 nm could be adjusted from blue (0.163, 0.031) to cyan (0.212, 0.290) through the efficient energy transfer between Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ ions. The corresponding energy transfer mechanism between Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ were also discussed systematically. The thermal stability of Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ ions in SGSO:Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ samples could be significant enhanced from 35.2% to 85.6% and 62.6% to 67.3% than single doped Ce 3+ or Eu 2+ due to the transformation of coordination environment around Ce 3+ and the energy transfer through Ce 3+ to Eu 2+ . Above properties demonstrate that the as-prepared SGSO:Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ samples might be potential phosphors applied in phosphor-converted devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monodisperse mono-concave microsphere/microflower/nanosheet GdBO 3 :Eu 3+ samples have been successfully synthesized via hydrothermal method using Gd 0.99 Eu 0.01 (OH) 3 nanorods as sacrificial precursors. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and fluorescence spectrometry were used to characterize the samples. The shape of these as-prepared GdBO 3 :Eu 3+ architectures can be tuned effectively by controlling the concentrations of NaOH (C NaOH ) of the precursor solution and the amounts of PEG (20000) surfactant. As a typical morphology, the possible formation mechanism for GdBO 3 :Eu 3+ monodisperse mono-concave microsphere was presented in detail. Under ultraviolet excitation, the as-obtained GdBO 3 :Eu 3+ samples showed strong characteristic orange and red emission of Eu 3+ . Compared with samples get by solid state reaction, the samples obtained by hydrothermal method possess higher red/orange (R/O) ratio attributed to 5 D 0 − 7 F 1 and 5 D 0 − 7 F 2 transitions. The influence of diversity morphology on the R/O ratio and emission intensity has been also investigated. This work sheds some light on the design of a well-defined complex structure, and the luminescent properties have potential applications in fluorescent lamps and field emission displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-efficiency and thermal stability are two important factors of ideal microwave absorption materials (MAMs), which are becoming desired because of the more complex modern service environment. Herein, a novel quaternary magnetic core-shell-shell structure FeCo-Co@Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 (FCSF) has been fabricated by a facile and generic route. In this structure, the incipient oxidation temperature of magnetic core can be greatly increased from 523 K to 773 K by the Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 double shells, and the multiple magnetic heterointerfaces can generate electron transfer and spin-orbit interaction based on DFT calculations. The minimum reflection loss (RL min) and efficient absorption band (RL<−10 dB, f eff) of FCSF composites can reach up to −42.8 dB and 7.3 GHz with the thickness of 2 mm, due to the emerged electromagnetic loss mechanisms of interface polarization and exchange resonance. Moreover, owing to the optimized impedance matching and enhanced electromagnetic loss at elevated temperature, the RL min values of FCSF at 673 K and 773 K increase by 15.4% and 41.2% compared with that at 298 K, respectively. The results demonstrate that the FCSF composite can act as a promising candidate for high-efficiency MAMs in thermal environment, and the synthetic strategy of heterostructures in this work can also be applied to design other MAM systems. • A quaternary magnetic heterostructures FeCo-Co@Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 was synthesized. • Charge transfer and orbital interaction in magnetic heterointerface were verified. • The RL min and f eff of FCSF are −42.8 dB and 7.3 GHz at the thickness of 2 mm. • The RL min of FCSF at 773 K increase by 41.2% compared with that at 298 K. • The component and heterostructures cause the high-efficiency and thermal stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paeonia lactiflora root (baishao in Chinese) is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF) are two major active constituents of P. lactiflora. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the hematopoietic effects of PF and AF on myelosuppression mice induced by radiotherapy and to explore the underlying mechanism. The finding indicated that PF and AF significantly increased the numbers of white blood cells (WBC) and reversed the atrophy of thymus. Furthermore, PF and AF increased the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and increased the level of colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in plasma. Lastly, PF and AF not only enhanced the mRNA levels of GM-CSF and G-CSF in the spleens, but also increased the protein levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF in bone marrow. Our results suggest that PF and AF may promote the recovery of bone marrow hemopoietic function in a myelosuppressed mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Compression pressure has significant influence on the performance of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and the effect of compression is more significant for a DMFC than a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). But there are few data concerning the compression pressure on the performance of DMFCs. Loading history and feeding mode may also affect the optimal compression pressure for the DMFC. This paper investigates the influence of compression pressure on the DMFC. The effects of reload and air feeding mode are also examined. The optimal pressure of the DMFC is 1MPa when the cell is assembled for the first time in forced convection mode. However, the optimum pressure decreases to 0.05MPa when the cell is compressed again because of the residual strain of the GDL. The optimal pressure decreases to 0.5MPa when the cell operates in air-breathing mode. Therefore, the optimum compression pressure for a DMFC strongly depends on the loading history and the feeding mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), with benefits such as high energy efficiency, quick start capability and instantaneous refueling, is a promising power source to meet the ever-increasing power demand for portable electronic products. In this paper, a novel CO2-driven fuel-feed device was produced and equipped in a passive 8-cell DMFC twin-stack for long-term operation. It was shown that this fuel-feed device was capable of supplying methanol solution continuously in response to the change in discharging current of the stack. Stainless steel sheet was photochemically etched as current collectors based on MEMS techniques. Series interconnections between two neighbor cells were realized in banded configuration which avoided the external connection. TiN-plated mesh was placed between current collector and membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which was used to lessen the internal resistance of the stack. A peak power density of 16.9mWcm−2 was achieved with 4M methanol at ambient temperature and passive operation. The stack equipped with the fuel feed device successfully powered a sensor node for 39h with the consumption of 80ml of 4M methanol. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • The SMCs were fabricated using flaky FeSiCr modified by ZnO nanoflowers. • Stress of flake was design and analyzed by Helmholtz coils and torque model. • Nonlinear regression method was used to evaluate the loss separation. • The P cv of SMCs modified by ZnO nanoflowers is 421.29 kW/m3 at 50 mT, 100 kHz. The power loss and permeability of soft magnetic composite (SMC) might be improved by surface modification and magnetic field orientation of flake particles. The oriented ZnO-modified flaky FeSiCr SMCs were produced under the magnetic field. The orienting mechanism of flake powder under a magnetic field produced by Helmholtz coils was investigated using torque model analysis. After surface modification, the permeability and power loss of ZnO-modified flaky FeSiCr SMCs could reach 63 and 421.29 kW/m3(at 50 mT, 100 kHz), respectively. The three-dimensional loss separation results demonstrate that spin rotation mechanism, defects, and dislocations of ZnO modification from theory and experiment may be responsible for the enhanced soft magnetic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, developed microwave absorbers exhibit significant changes in absorption with temperature, which hinder their operation within a wide temperature range. In this paper, a microwave absorber based on SiBCN ceramics was prepared. Due to the excellent high‐temperature stability of SiBCN ceramics, its permittivity changes less with temperature, avoiding the issue of performance deterioration or even failure that traditional refractory absorbers face at high temperatures. The experiment proves the absorption bandwidth for –15 dB of the SiBCN metamaterials absorber (SMA) is 12 GHz at 800°C, with a maximum absorptivity of 99.99%. According to the computed data, the resonance loss contributes 81.9 to 94.5% of the microwave absorption of SMA. This work demonstrates significant potential for applications in radar stealth under harsh conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The narrow‐band emitting phosphors have been extensively investigated in recent years, with the expectation that a wide color gamut of phosphor‐converted backlighting device could be fabricated. Due to the weak electric–phonon interaction and low structural relaxation caused by the high rigid crystal structure and symmetric coordination environment, Sr2MgAl22O36:Mn2+ (SMAO:Mn2+) shows a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum of 26 nm, a high color purity of 81.5%, and a low thermal quenching (82% at 473 K of the initial intensity at 298 K). Using K2SiF6:Mn4+ as the red phosphor, SMAO:Mn2+ as the green one, and GaN‐based chip as the blue component, the white light‐emitting diode exhibits a National Television Standard Committee value of 127%. All the results demonstrate that the SMAO:Mn2+ phosphor has a promising application in the field of advanced wide‐color‐gamut backlight display, and the establishment of the relationships between the narrow‐band emission and crystal structure can also be applied to design other novel narrow‐band phosphors for backlighting technologies. A novel narrow‐band green‐emitting phosphor Sr2MgAl22O36:Mn2+ with peak position at 518 nm, full‐width at half‐maximum of 26 nm, and a low thermal quenching at high temperature (82% of room temperature intensity at 498 K) under the excitation of blue light‐emitting diode chip is discovered. These good luminesce properties are benefited from the high rigid crystal structure and symmetric coordination environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)‐derived brain organoids have enabled researchers to gain insight into human brain development and disease, these organoids contain solely ectodermal cells and are not vascularized as occurs during brain development. Here it is created less complex and more homogenous large neural constructs starting from PSC‐derived neuroprogenitor cells (NPC), by fusing small NPC spheroids into so‐called concentroids. Such concentroids consisted of a pro‐angiogenic core, containing neuronal and outer radial glia cells, surrounded by an astroglia‐dense outer layer. Incorporating PSC‐derived endothelial cells (EC) around and/or in the concentroids promoted vascularization, accompanied by differential outgrowth and differentiation of neuronal and astroglia cells, as well as the development of ectodermal‐derived pericyte‐like mural cells co‐localizing with EC networks. Single nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed an enhanced neural cell subtype maturation and diversity in EC‐containing concentroids, which better resemble the fetal human brain compared to classical organoids or NPC‐only concentroids. This PSC‐derived "vascularized" concentroid brain model will facilitate the study of neurovascular/blood‐brain barrier development, neural cell migration, and the development of effective in vitro vascularization strategies of brain mimics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical circulation modeling and observational studies have been conducted to understand the Loop Current (LC) system behaviors in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). One of the factors that may influence the LC are upstream eddies from within the Caribbean Sea. By combining satellite altimetry, sea surface salinity and ocean color data, we demonstrate that mesoscale eddies from the western tropical Atlantic Ocean can eventually make their way to the Gulf of Mexico and likely affect the LC. In addition, our study shows that freshwater of Amazon and Orinoco River origin trapped within mesoscale eddies can also enter the GoM, potentially affecting the GoM stratification. This study provides insights into understanding variations of the LC system and showcases the roles of mesoscale eddies in connecting the open ocean and regional seas. Plain Language Summary: The Loop Current (LC) is the dominant large‐scale oceanic process in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). However, the mechanism for variations of the LC system is still unsolved. Here, we show that some mesoscale eddies originated in the tropical Atlantic Ocean can pass through the Caribbean Sea and eventually enter the GoM. These remotely generated eddies could be an important upstream factor affecting the behavior of the LC. Also, freshwater and other materials (e.g., chlorophyll) trapped in the eddies could reach the GoM as well. In addition to advancing the understanding of the LC system, this study provides an explicit example showing eddies can serve as a route connecting regional seas and the open ocean. Key Points: Some eddies from the Atlantic Ocean can ultimately reach the Gulf of Mexico and likely affect the Loop CurrentFreshwater of Amazon and Orinoco River origin and other materials trapped in eddies could reach the Gulf of MexicoWeakening and strengthening of the long‐propagating eddies are mostly related to the variation of bathymetry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron carbide (B4C) has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, high hardness, low relative density, high melting point and excellent abrasive resistance, which is widely used in fields such as refractories, wear-resistant materials and lightweight protective materials. The research progress and application of B4C materials in China and overseas in recent years were summarized. The influences of sintering processes (pressureless sintering, hot-pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering, spark plasma sintering and microwave sintering) and sintering additives (simple substances, oxides and carbides) on the B4C densification were analyzed. The development of B4C materials was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface traveling waves (STWs) contribute greatly to non-specular scattering, but their scattering and attenuation characteristics in an absorbing coating are unclear. Thus, the scattering peak angular location and the electromagnetic (EM) loss of the STWs are calculated. The results show that the thickness of an absorbing coating should be appropriate to achieve a large EM loss in wide frequency bandwidth, and the magnetic loss is dominant in the attenuation constant. Moreover, radar cross section (RCS) features of the STW and the effect of EM parameters' imaginary part on the RCS reduction of the STW at 6 GHz were investigated. The simulated results show that the wedge model can effectively excite the STW. Meanwhile, the permeability μ″ of the coating material has a more significant influence on the RCS reduction of the STW than the permittivity ɛ″. Furthermore, the simulated results were verified by the experimental results with an error of less than 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ce3+ and Tb3+ singly‐ and co‐doped NaBa4(AlB4O9)2Cl3 (NBAC) phosphors have been synthesized via high‐temperature solid state route. The crystal structure, morphology, photoluminescent properties, thermal properties and energy transfer process between Ce3+ and Tb3+ were systematically investigated. The structure refinements indicated that the phosphors based on NBAC crystallized in P42nm polar space group in monoclinic phase. The emission color could be tuned from blue (0.1595, 0.0955) to green (0.2689, 0.4334) via changing the ratio of Ce3+/Tb3+. The energy transfer mechanism of Ce3+/Tb3+ was verified to be dipole–quadrupole interaction via the examination of decay times of Ce3+ based on Dexter's theory. The good thermal stability showed the intensities of Ce3+ at 150°C were about 66.9% and 64.88% in NBAC:0.09Ce3+ and NBAC:0.09Ce3+, 0.07Tb3+ of that at room temperature, and the emission intensities of Tb3+ remained 102.41% in NBAC:0.11Tb3+ and 95.22% in NBAC:0.09Ce3+, 0.07Tb3+ due to the nephelauxetic shielding effect and the highly asymmetric rigid framework structure of NBAC. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of Ce3+ in NBAC:0.09Ce3+, yTb3+ phosphors could reach 43.38% at y = 0.13. Overall, all the results obtained suggested that NBAC:Ce3+, Tb3+ could be a promising option for n‐UV pumped phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appearance of a cyan cavity is unavoidable in the 480–520 nm wavebands when combining n-UV LED chips (380–420 nm) with trichromatic phosphors to obtain white-light-emitting devices. Here, a concentration perturbation effect is proposed to improve the properties of phosphors via trace substitution of Mn2+, Mg2+ or Zn2+ cations for Ba2+ and Y3+ in Ba0.97Y2Si3O10:Eu. Based on local structure distortion or electron cloud interaction, the emission band corresponding to Eu2+ is broadened with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) more than 125 nm due to redistribution of Eu2+ and the emission color can be tuned to the cyan region. The coexistence of the above two effects on the photoluminescence can be further evidenced by the shifts of emission energy for the two sites in these systems. The quenching temperature for all the samples is observed over 473 K and even higher than that for the non-substituted Ba0.97Y2Si3O10:0.03Eu and it is discussed combined with Pauling's principles, average Uiso and the distortion degree of polyhedra, which could provide some references for improvement of thermal stability. Moreover, the valence mismatch between Mn2+/Mg2+/Zn2+ and Y3+ ions leads to the coexistence of Eu2+–Eu3+, which thus realizes color selective manipulation and even white light emission in Ba0.98−nMg0.02Y2Si3O10:nEu. Our results demonstrate that the concentration perturbation effect-assisted synthesis strategy has potential in improving the properties of phosphors for WLEDs, and it can also be extended to adjusting the coordination environment of activators whose properties are sensitive to local lattice variations and electronic surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color-tunable and white-emitting Pr3+ and Tb3+ co-doped La 2 Ti 2 O 7 phosphors were prepared via a molten salt method. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflection spectra (DRS), photoluminescence spectra (PL), fluorescence decay curves and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra in detail. The La 2 Ti 2 O 7 :Pr3+, Tb3+ phosphors are uniform square-like nanobelt and the band gap of La 2 Ti 2 O 7 host is calculated to be 3.83 eV by DRS. Under 296 nm wavelength UV excitation, the La 2 Ti 2 O 7 :Pr3+ compounds show strong red emission with peaking at 612 nm. Four typical emission lines of Tb3+ ions are observed from the region of 480–650 nm in La 2 Ti 2 O 7 :Tb3+ phosphors, and the strongest green emission peak is located at 545 nm. What's more, the emission color of La 2 Ti 2 O 7 :0.001Pr3+, 0.010 Tb3+ can be tuned from white (0.3274, 0.3379) to pink (0.4777, 0.2890) upon the excitation from 290 to 348 nm and the emission color of La 2 Ti 2 O 7 :0.001Pr3+, x Tb3+ can be also tuned from white to green by changing the concentration of Tb3+. The La 2 Ti 2 O 7 :Pr3+, Tb3+ phosphors have the poor temperature dependence, resulting from the value of Δ R (the displacement between parabolas of the intervalence charge transfer states and ground states) for Tb3+ and Pr3+ both are larger. The results indicate that La 2 Ti 2 O 7 :Pr3+, Tb3+ phosphors could be a promising tunable and white light emission phosphor. Image 1 • The La 2 Ti 2 O 7 : Pr3+/Tb3+ nanostrips were successfully prepared by molten salt method. • Multi-color luminescence evolution was achieved. • A new single-phased white light emission was realized through Pr3+/Tb3+-codoping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Exploring the process of structure evolution and mechanism of controllable luminescence in the solid solution phosphors is meaningful but still challenging. Herein, new solid solution phosphors of Ca 9 Al 1- x Y x (PO 4) 7 :Eu2+ were selected as examples to address the challenging via the construction of bi-directional relationships between structure evolution and photoluminescence property. In Ca 9 Al 1- x Y x (PO 4) 7 , the structure evolution caused the redistribution of Eu2+ in the multiple cationic sites, accompanied by the changes of emission color from blue (0.1828, 0.1192) to cyan (0.1723, 0.3305), which were investigated by Gaussian fitting, decay time, and bond energy theory. Conversely, the Gaussian fitting peaks displayed different blue or red shifts in the process of structure evolution, which could reversely reflect the specific changes of bond lengths in each cationic site and were helpful for exhaustive understanding the process of structure evolution in Ca 9 Al 1- x Y x (PO 4) 7. Besides, the thermal stability behaviors of Ca 8.95 Al 1- x Y x (PO 4) 7 :0.05Eu2+ exhibited that the decline rate of low energy bands were faster than that of high energy bands due to the thermally active phonon-assisted effect. The constructed bi-directional relationships pave a feasible way to investigate the variations of structure evolution and emission properties, which will be helpful for the design of new kinds of phosphors. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Bi-directional relationships between structure evolution and luminescence were built. • The structure evolution caused the redistribution of Eu2+ in various cationic sites. • The delicate information of structure was analyzed by the shifts of emission peaks. • The changes of thermal stabilities were detected and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Novel single-phased and emission-tunable layered Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 :Pr3+ nanosheets have been successfully synthesized via molten salt method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to investigate their crystalline phases and morphologies. Furthermore, we explored the photoluminescence properties of the Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 :Pr3+ phosphors, while the cross-relaxation processes between 1D 2 , 3P 0 emitting states and the Pr3+–Ti4+ intervalence charge transfer state, color tuning and thermally stability were discussed in detail. Besides, the emission hue of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 :Pr3+ could be adjusted from white-light (0.3059, 0.2731) to yellow (0.5167, 0.4792) by tuning the excitation wavelength, in which the ratio of 3P 0 →3H 4 and 1D 2 →3H 4 was changed. In addition, the increases in temperatures led to the cooperative effects of thermal-quenching behavior and the cross-relaxation processes, thus resulting in the significant decrease of 3P 0 →3H 4 emission in comparison to the 1D 2 →3H 4 emission. The results suggested that the Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 :Pr3+ is an effective color-tuning phosphor. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The regular sheet-like Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 :Pr3+ phosphors were successfully prepared by molten salt method. • The phosphors show color tuning emissions form near white to yellow. • The thermal stability of the 1D 2 emission is obviously better than that of 3P 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the relationships between luminescent properties and the energy positions of rare earth ions is helpful for the design of phosphors. Herein, (Ca 1- x Sr x ) 8 Mg 3 Al 2 Si 7 O 28 :Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ were synthesized by solid state reaction. The variations of energy positions of lowest 5d levels of Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ with the changes of centroid shift, crystal field splitting and stokes shifts were qualitatively calculated based on the empirical formulas. Substitution of Ca 2+ by Sr 2+ ions made the emission peaks of Eu 2+ in (Ca 1- x Sr x ) 8 Mg 3 Al 2 Si 7 O 28 shift from 527 to 469 nm and the full width at half-maximum of Ce 3+ in (Ca 1- x Sr x ) 8 Mg 3 Al 2 Si 7 O 28 widen from 55 to 66 nm. On the basis of calculated results, the variations of emission peaks of Eu 2+ were mainly ascribed to the elevating of lowest 5d levels caused by the weakened centroid shift and crystal field splitting, especially the declined energy of crystal field splitting (from 2.28 to 2.01 eV). The effects of decreased rigidity and increased disorder of lattice caused by Sr 2+ substituting Ca 2+ had a greater impact than that of the centroid shift and crystal field splitting on the luminescence properties of Ce 3+ in (Ca 1- x Sr x ) 8 Mg 3 Al 2 Si 7 O 28 . Serious thermal quenching behaviors occurred in the series phosphors due to the thermal ionization processes, which were proofed by the constructed host-referred binding energy and vacuum-referred binding energy diagrams according to the experimental and calculated results of (Ca 1- x Sr x ) 8 Mg 3 Al 2 Si 7 O 28 :Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of monodisperse cruciate multilayer H 3 Sr 6 (PO 4 ) 5 ·2H 2 O:Eu 2+ microarchitectures assembled by crossed nanorods have been successfully synthesized via a facile surfactant-assisted hydrothermal route. XRD and FT-IR confirmed the existence of crystalline water in the phosphor. The FE-SEM images revealed that the phase and morphology of resulting samples were strongly depended on the optimization of the reaction conditions, especially the pH value and the molar ratio of citric acid (CA)/Cations. Furthermore, the possible growth mechanism of H 3 Sr 6 (PO 4 ) 5 ·2H 2 O:Eu 2+ microarchitectures was proposed in detail. Under near-ultraviolet excitation of 365 nm, the as-obtained H 3 Sr 6 (PO 4 ) 5 ·2H 2 O:0.05Eu 2+ sample exhibited intense wide characteristic blue emission of Eu 2+ , which could be decomposed by Gaussian fitting into two peaks corresponding to different Eu 2+ luminous centers. The present results demonstrated that the morphology-tunable H 3 Sr 6 (PO 4 ) 5 ·2H 2 O:Eu 2+ microarchitecture could be used as a potential candidate for future optoelectronic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are widely applied to attenuate the useless and harmful EMW generated from wireless communication and 5G networks, which could protect the human health and electronic device safety. In this study, La-doped SiBCN ceramics with broadband EMW absorption capability were prepared via generating abundance of heterointerfaces, as graphene were in-situ grown by La 2 O 3 catalyzing. The graphene in-situ formed in the ceramics can be attributed to the La atom decreasing the potential energy of the free carbon ring nucleation from −760.9 Ha to −8984.3 Ha. Consequently, the electrical conductivity of the SiBCN ceramics improved from 12.360 S/m to 18.025 S/m, the minimum reflection loss (RL min) obtained was −26.48 dB at 7.2 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was 6.32 GHz (11.68–18.00 GHz) at a thickness of 1.7 mm. At 700 °C, the RL min and EAB values reached −43.18 dB and 4.2 GHz, respectively. The enhanced EMW absorbing capability can be attributed to the rationally tailor the heterointerfaces to improve the polarization loss and conduction loss of the SiBCN ceramics. The interfaces between graphene and amorphous phases generate built-in electric fields and space chare regions to strengthen the interface polarization, while the electrons migrating rapidly in the graphene and other crystals improved the electrical conductivity. The positive effect of heterointerfaces regulation of graphene in-situ growth improved the dielectric loss capacity of the SiBCN ceramics; therefore, this study provides a feasible method to enhance the EMW absorption capability of polymer-derived ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Charge compensation was the effective methods to enhance the luminescence properties of phosphors. In this paper, novel single‐phased orange light emitting Sr2Mg3P4O15:Eu3+ phosphors were prepared by solid state method. The phase purity and luminous characteristics were examined in detail. Meanwhile, three kinds of charge compensation methods (co‐doping the alkali metal R+ (R+ = Li, Na, and K), substituting Si4+ for P5+ and self‐compensation) were employed to solve the charge imbalance problem between Sr2+ and Eu3+. The results showed that emission intensity of Eu3+ was improved by 1.43 (Li+), 1.58 (Na+), 1.53 (K+), 1.61 (Si4+), and 1.30 (self) times than that of Sr1.6Mg3P4O15:0.40Eu3+, respectively, and there was no change in the emitting color simultaneously. Furthermore, as the temperature reached at 423 K, the emission intensity increased from 41.67% of Sr1.6Mg3P4O15:0.40Eu3+ to 55.69% (Li+), 61.62% (Na+), 58.98% (K+), 71.15% (Si4+), and 80.59% (self) of that at room temperature. The reasons of those phenomena were the reduction in ion vacancies caused by charge imbalance through the charge compensation process. The specific mechanisms were elaborated in detail. Overall, this research validated that the charge compensation strategies could be severed as the key method to improve the luminescence properties, especially the thermal stability of phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By substituting Ca 2+ or Sr 2+ for Ba 2+ and Yb 3+ or La 3+ for Y 3+ , in whole or in part, the single-phased Ba 0.97- x M x Y 2 Si 3 O 10 :0.03Eu 2+ and Ba 0.97 Y 2- y RE y Si 3 O 10 :0.03Eu 2+ phosphors (M = Sr 2+ or Ca 2+ , RE = La 3+ or Yb 3+ ) were synthesized successfully via high temperature solid-state reaction method. The introduction of different cations caused higher covalence and rigidity of the as-prepared samples and enhanced the interaction between electrons around Eu 2+ ions, leading to the variation of emission color from bluish violet to light blue or greenish blue upon optimum excitation wavelength. In addition, the effect of cation substituting level on thermal stability of BaY 2 Si 3 O 10 :0.03Eu 2+ was investigated in details. The emission intensities of Ba 0.97- x Y 2 Si 3 O 10 :0.03Eu 2+ , x Sr 2+ , Ba 0.97- x Y 2 Si 3 O 10 :0.03Eu 2+ , x Ca 2+ , Ba 0.97 Y 2- y Si 3 O 10 :0.03Eu 2+ , y Yb 3+ and Ba 0.97 Y 2- y Si 3 O 10 :0.03Eu 2+ , y La 3+ varied in the range of 68.09%–78.64%, 78.44%–81.00%, 67.38%–79.90% and 60.25%–79.84% at 423 K compared to the initial intensity at room temperature, respectively. Meanwhile, the crystal filed split effect (CFSE) and nephelauxetic effect (NE) mechanisms were also proposed to better explain the red shifts and the changes of thermal quenching behavior of above samples. This work shed some light on the design of phosphors with controllable emission colors and higher thermal stability for the applications in phosphor-converted devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B4C ceramics have been widely used in armor plate and cutting tools due to their high hardness. However, their poor sintering performance and low fracture toughness have limited their extended applications. In order to solve these problems, B4C@TiB2 composite powders with core–shell structure were prepared by a sol–gel method using B4C and TiCl4 as raw materials and then sintered by spark plasma sintering. The composite powders were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of B4C ceramics were tested by indentation and three‐point bending methods. The results showed that the B4C@TiB2 composite powders exhibited a tight core–shell structure, and the chemical bonds on the surface were mainly B–C and B–Ti bonds. When the molar ratio of B4C:TiCl4 was 2:1, the relative density and bulk density of B4C ceramics reached 96.2% and 2.92 g/cm3, respectively. Because of the good sintering performance of the B4C@TiB2 composite powders, the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness reached 26.6 GPa and 5.22 MPa m1/2, respectively. The bending strength reached a maximum of 570 MPa. The excellent fracture toughness can be attributed to crack deflection, crack branching, and the residual thermal stress of the core–shell structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excellent thermostable performance is the basis for the further development of microwave absorbing materials in the field of military stealth. Herein, a high‐temperature metamaterial absorber (HMA) with high impedance patterns (multi‐octagonal‐rings), two quartz (SiO2) layers, and a metallic ground film is designed and simulated. The optimal structural parameters are obtained by optimizing the circuit parameters and the size of HMA. The interaction of electric and magnetic resonance in multioctagonal rings results in a wide absorption bandwidth and excellent absorption performance. The experimental results show that the structure has good impedance matching performance, and the effective absorption bandwidth (−10 dB) (EAB) of the structure can reach 10.6 GHz from room temperature to 700 °C under the combined effect of resonance loss and ohmic loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel phosphors BaZrSi 3 O 9 :Ce 3+ (BZS:Ce 3+ ) have been successfully synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction. The phase purity and crystal structure were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and Rietveld refinement. The photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the as-prepared phosphors exhibited a bright blue emission under the excitation by near ultraviolet light and the PL emission peaks of BZS: x Ce 3+ showed a red-shift from 432 nm to 451 nm on the Ce 3+ concentration increasing. The corresponding red-shift mechanism has been discussed. The concentration quenching behavior was observed. The luminescence decay curves and lifetime values were analyzed. This phosphor exhibited high internal quantum efficiency. Thermal quenching luminescence properties showed that the emitting intensity was remained 44.60% of that measured at room temperature when the temperature increased to 398 K. The results indicate that the BaZrSi 3 O 9 :Ce phosphor is a promising blue-emitting phosphor for the application as an ultraviolet-convertible phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double-roadway tunneling could mitigate the contradiction between mining production needs and tunneling speed, which is pivotal to the sustainable development of underground mines. However, it is very difficult to control the stability of a mining roadway on an adjacent working face suffering from strong mining disturbance due to double-roadway tunneling, especially at a large mining height working face. In order to control the stability of the return air roadway (RAR) 23205 of a strong mining roadway at working face 23205 in the Zhuanlongwan Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia, we carried out field monitoring, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and engineering practice to identify the main factors influencing the deformations and the stress distribution law of the surrounding rock in order to propose countermeasures for strong mining roadways. The results show the factors influencing the large deformation of strong mining roadways include large mining height, repeated mining, stress concentration due to the large coal pillar, and a small thickness of the anchorage layer in the roof. The stress peak in the central coal pillar caused by the first and second mining is 23.19 MPa and 27.49 MPa, respectively, and the stress concentration coefficients are 4.538 and 5.379, respectively. Countermeasures (pressure relief via large-diameter boreholes in the large coal pillar and long anchorage for roof reinforcement) were created to control the stability of a strong mining roadway, i.e., RAR 23205. Field measurements indicated that deformations in RAR 23205 could be efficiently controlled. The maximum deformation of the surrounding rock was 50 mm, which meets the safety and efficient production requirements of the coal mine. In addition, new roadway layout optimization and control countermeasures are put forward to control the stability of mining roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Aidi injection (ADI) is a representative antitumor medication based on Chinese herbal injection, but its antitumor mechanisms are still poorly understood. Materials and methods: In this work, the subcutaneous xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 was established in nude mice to investigate the anticancer effect of ADI in vivo. We then determined the components of ADI using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and explored the possible molecular mechanisms against pancreatic cancer using network pharmacology. Results: In vivo experiments, the volume, weight, and degree of histological abnormalities of implanted tumors were significantly lower in the medium and high concentration ADI injection groups than in the control group. Network pharmacology analysis identified four active components of ADI and seven key targets, TNF, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, MAPK14, CASP3, P53 and JUN. Molecular docking also revealed high affinity between the active components and the target proteins, including Astragaloside IV to P53 and VEGFA, Ginsenoside Rb1 to CASP3 and Formononetin to JUN. Conclusion: ADI could reduce the growth rate of tumor tissue and alleviate the structural abnormalities in tumor tissue. ADI is predicted to act on VEGFA, P53, CASP3, and JUN in ADI-mediated treatment of pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferromagnetic metal/alloy particles are widely used in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. Doping is an effective means of modulating the electromagnetic properties of magnetic metals and alloys. In this study, (Fe 3 Co 7) 1−x Ru x nanoparticles with different Ru doping contents are prepared using a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted liquid-phase reduction process. First-principles calculations reveal that strong electron-orbit hybridization occurs between Ru-4 d and Fe/Co-3 d owing to the strong spin-orbit coupling effect of Ru-4 d orbital electrons. This generates a space charge distribution and carries a magnetic moment of 1.80 hbar/2. The use of Ru doping results in a reduction in FeCo alloy particle size from 1.5 µm to 200 nm, slight decrease in the saturation magnetization from 179 to 152 emu/g, and increase in the electrical conductivity from 2.79 × 10-4 to 6.62 × 10-4 S·cm-1. The dielectric and magnetic loss values vary from 0.22 to 0.95 and 0.06–0.37, respectively, in the 2–18 GHz frequency range. Ru doping-induced dipole polarization relaxation, exchange resonance, and increased conductivity loss are the primary reasons for the enhanced electromagnetic loss of the material. When the level of Ru doping x reaches 0.10, the minimum reflection loss (RL min) increases from − 21.5 to − 41.9 dB. Thus, (Fe 3 Co 7) 1−x Ru x is a promising material for electromagnetic loss due to its tunable composition, size, conductivity, magnetic properties, and excellent electromagnetic loss capability. • The doped Ru caused intense d - d electron interaction between Ru and Fe/Co atoms. • Electron transmission and enhanced magnetism within Ru/FeCo alloy have been proved. • The doping of Ru reduces the particle size of FeCo alloy from 1.5 µm to 200 nm. • The conductivity increased by 137 %, reaching the maximum of 6.62 × 10-4 S·cm-1. • The dielectric loss and magnetic loss increase from 0.22 to 0.95 and 0.06–0.37. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the mechanical properties of B4C ceramics, ZrB2 was formed in situ using the SPS sintering method with ZrO2 and B4C as raw materials. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that CO pressure affected the formation of ZrB2 at temperatures from 814 °C to 1100 °C. The experimental results showed that the ZrB2 grain size was <5 µm and that the grains were uniformly distributed within the B4C ceramics. With an increase in ZrO2 content, the Vickers hardness and flexural strength of the B4C ceramics first increased and then decreased, while the fracture toughness continuously increased. When the content of ZrO2 was 15 wt%, the Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength of B4C ceramics were 35.5 ± 0.63 GPa, 3.6 ± 0.24 MPa·m1/2 and 403 ± 10 MPa, respectively. These results suggest that ZrB2 inhibits B4C grain growth, eliminates crack tip stress, and provides fine grain to strengthen and toughen B4C ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Chinese Pharmacopeia, Picrasma quassioides (PQ) stems and leaves are recorded as Kumu with antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-parasitic effects, etc. However, thick stems are predominantly utilized as medicine in many Asian countries, with leaves rarely used. By now, the phytochemistry and bioactivity of PQ leaves are not well investigated. An Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer was employed to comprehensively investigate PQ stems and leaves sourced from 7 different locations. Additionally, their bioactivities were evaluated against 5 fungi, 6 Gram-positive bacteria and 9 Gram-negative bacteria, a tumor cell line (A549), a non-tumor cell line (WI-26 VA4) and N 2 wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioassay results demonstrated the efficacy of both leaves and stems against tumor cells, several bacteria and fungi, while only leaves exhibited anthelmintic activity against C. elegans. A total of 181 compounds were identified from PQ stems and leaves, including 43 β-carbolines, 20 bis β-carbolines, 8 canthinone alkaloids, 56 quassinoids, 12 triterpenoids, 13 terpenoid derivatives, 11 flavonoids, 7 coumarins, and 11 phenolic derivatives, from which 10 compounds were identified as indicator components for quality evaluation. Most alkaloids and triterpenoids were concentrated in PQ stems, while leaves exhibited higher levels of quassinoids and other carbohydrate (CHO) components. PQ leaves exhibit distinct chemical profiles and bioactivity with the stems, suggesting their suitability for medicinal purposes. So far, the antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic activities of PQ leaves were first reported here, and considering PQ sustainability, the abundant leaves are recommended for increased utilization, particularly for their rich content of PQ quassinoids. [Display omitted] • Both Picrasma quassioides leaves and stems showed activities against tumor cells, several bacteria and fungi. • Only leaves exhibited anthelmintic activity against Caenorhabditis elegans. • A total of 181 compounds were identified with the fragmentation patterns from PQ stems and leaves. • Alkaloids and quassinoids emerged as the main components in PQ stems and leaves, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis (Ce-RS3) is an insoluble dietary fiber which could improve blood lipids in animals, but clinically robust evidence is still lacking. We performed a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of Ce-RS3 on lipids in mild hyperlipidemia. One hundred and fifteen patients were included followed the recruitment criteria, and were randomly allocated to receive Ce-RS3 or placebo (native starch from Canna edulis) for 12 weeks (20 g/day). In addition to serum lipids, complete blood counts, serum inflammatory factors, antioxidant indexes, and dietary survey, 16 S rRNA sequencing technique was utilized to analyze the gut microbiota alterations. Targeted quantitative metabolomics (TQM) was used to detect metabolite changes. Compared with the placebo, Ce- RS3 significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased the glutathione peroxidase. Based on the 16 S rRNA sequencing, TQM, the correlation analysis, as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomes and Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) analysis, we found that Ce-RS3 could increase the abundances of genera Faecalibacterium and Agathobacter , while reduce the abundances of genera norank_f_Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae_R-7_ group to regulate phenylalanine metabolism, which could reduce the fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation in the mitochondria to lower blood lipids. Conclusively, we firstly confirmed the feasibility of Ce-RS3 for clinical application, which presents a novel, effective therapy for the mild hyperlipidemia. (Chictr. org. cn. Clinical study on anti-mild hyperlipidemia of Canna edulis RS3 resistant starch, ID Number: ChiCTR2200062871). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]