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This research examines passion and self-efficacy through experience and knowledge, as motivational factors that support entrepreneurs within the gig economy (GE). It sheds light on entrepreneurs’ sources of passion in the GE literature. The sample is composed of all the 1164 entrepreneurship activities offered worldwide through Airbnb, Tour by Locals, and Withlocals on 5 May 2022. The study is supported by unsupervised machine learning models and seeks to find latent topics emerging from the analysis of the entrepreneurs’ descriptions and exposes the main correlated clustered dimensions. There are six main motivators behind GE platforms as a first step toward entrepreneurship: Experience, Passion for share, Knowledge, Classic traditions, Empowered community and local activities, and Well-being. It also confirms the correlation between passion and self-efficacy through experience, pointing them as main factors behind entrepreneurship in the GE. Five of the six sources of passion previously pointed by theory were found: Passion for growth, for people, for product/service, for innovation and for social mission. This study discloses self-efficacy and the sources of passion and points directions to practitioners involved in entrepreneurial activities in the GE ecosystem. This work used machine learning models to access quantitatively a paradigm that is inductive by nature. The results point to well-being as a significant factor to be addressed in future research regarding entrepreneurship. This research only studies individuals involved in the GE; as such, further studies should cohort new populations from different fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This educational case report presents an experience related to the supervision of Thesis Projects mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (icts) in a postgraduate research training context. Methodologically, a content analysis was implemented on the contributions made by students in the forums of a Formative Environment mediated by icts (feict). These contributions were prepared, coded, classified, and interpreted through groupings or clusters in order to obtain evidence on the impact of these technologies on satisfying educational needs in contexts of cognitive overload and social isolation. Challenges such as lack of connectivity to access activities, resources, and digital content available in the environment are highlighted. To address these issues, a transmedia perspective was adopted, combining dissemination through written and oral word, as well as still and moving images, through various media on both analog and digital platforms. This approach allowed for the reconfiguration of remote training processes during the development of synchronous and asynchronous reflective encounters. During these encounters, video clips and podcasts were shared on platforms such as Google with the aim of stimulating and enriching online educational processes, which contributed to improving the adaptability and innovation capacity of both students and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (under)representation of women in the news has received much attention in scholarly research. Using a population dataset of news broadcasts in Belgium, this article describes how gender equality has changed over time (2003–2021) and investigates which factors explain the presence (or absence) of women as speaking actors in the news. The findings reveal a structural underrepresentation of women in the news, but a slow increase in their presence over time. Overall, women are more equally represented in softer news topics or in non-elite roles. Remarkable is that women journalists tend to interview more female sources than their male counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Lasswell, propaganda has been considered one of three chief implements of warfare, along with military and economic pressure. Russia's invasion of Ukraine revives public and scholarly interest in war propaganda. The Russian political leader frames the war as an imperial war. The Ukrainian political leader frames it as a war of national liberation. The discursive battle thus complements the military combat. The outcome of the discursive combat depends on the effectiveness of propaganda deployed by the parties involved. Propaganda effectiveness is the propagation of war-related messages stated by political leaders through various media with no or few distortions. The effectiveness of propaganda is compared (1) across countries, with a particular focus on two belligerents, Russia and Ukraine, (2) in the function of the medium (mass media, digital media), and (iii) using two different methods (content analysis and survey research). Data were collected during the first year of the large-scale invasion (February 2022 to February 2023). Survey data allowed measuring the degree of the target audience's agreement with key propagated messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recognition of the presence and relevance of information on climate change in the media is a key issue in the face of new global goals and challenges, such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We are witnessing a configuration of public opinion through social networks, especially Twitter, so its analysis can be enlightening to address the challenges of citizen information, building an interactive space for public opinion. The objective of this work is to review the presence of messages on climate change on Twitter in Spain and to analyze the content published in 2022, considering the sender, the message, the approaches and the treatment, comparing it with similar analyzes carried out in the three previous years (2019, 2020, 2021), incorporating a longitudinal perspective. Using a quantitative methodology, this study applies a content analysis protocol, with 35 variables, executed by human coders, on a final sample of 753 tweets, published between the months of March and June 2022. The conclusions provide guidance on who the most active voices, the main issues, the visibility of young people and the most commented effects, while the consequences of the armed conflict in relation to the ecological transition are appreciated, such as the return and economic dependence on fossil fuels, the effect of international sanctions on energy, rethinking of supply policies, reduction of food and greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. New variables are also considered to be included in future studies, such as the ethical perspective of information and hate speech and denial towards climate change present in this network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares a corpus of object lives in children's and youth literature with it-fiction, a narrative subgenre from the 18th and 19th centuries. The thematic and formal connections between these modern and contemporary productions are analyzed, concluding that they have philosophical, aesthetic, and cultural links regarding the relationship between societies and objects. The protagonists of these narratives transcend their materiality and challenge readers about the relationship between human beings and artifacts, globalization, and the consequences of capitalism in post-industrial societies. Additionally, the convergence between literary systems and their reading audiences is compared. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Health institutions have the fundamental duty to educate and inform about health, and to promote social empowerment through their messages, which must always be adapted to the public, both socially, culturally and linguistically (LGSP 33/2011). Applying visual thinking to the health information through animation makes it possible to simplify and transform complex content into attractive and simple messages, in a way that facilitates understanding and retention of information by any audience (Okan Gil et al., 2016; Vivas, 2021; Anibueze et al., 2022). This study seeks to determine the use of animation as an informative resource by the Spanish National Health System (SNS) on YouTube, in order to determine the function assigned to this content and the objectives pursued by its dissemination. Methodology: A review was carried out of all the audiovisual content stored on the available official channels, from their creation until 2022, by means of an analytical file with 14 descriptive variables divided into three blocks -identifying elements, descriptive dimension of the content and narrative dimension-. Results: After analysing 18 official channels, a total of 7944 videos were identified, of which 1371 (17.3%) were animations. They are characterised by messages that, beyond informing, aim to educate in health, as they disseminate recommendations and advice to improve people's lives. Discussion and Conclusions: All this shows that institutions are working to adapt their messages to more dynamic and understandable formats, using representations derived from visual thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While UN reports indicate increasingly dire consequences of climate change, the political will to initiate rapid decarbonization is lacking, as nations fail to meet targets set by international agreements. Given these developments, this paper investigates the role of climate dread and fatalism in the discourse about climate science. We examine the treatment of fatalism in major theories of the policy process, noting that climate policy represents a relatively novel situation—in which a problem once deemed solvable is being redefined as an issue outside the realm of human control. Using automated content analysis, we examine how journalists and interest groups framed reports issued by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) from 2013 to 2022. We find limited changes in the tone and content of news stories and environmental groups' statements, and we suggest that these findings reflect under‐reaction of the political system to new information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the arguments and sources about veganism/vegetarianism in 2022 in the Mexican press, with the objective of how these movements are portrayed. Methodology: Applying content analysis, the arguments were classified by themes in an inductive way, identifying the sources. Results: Health, sustainability, and animal wellbeing are the issues most linked to these movements, portrayed in a positive light. Veganism had more prominence, and the own newsroom of the newspapers was the most cited source, followed by celebrities, scientific sources, and activists. Limitations: The analysis is limited to the Mexican press. Conclusions: A Latin American perspective is brought to studies on veganism/vegetarianism in the media. The coverage of veganism/vegetarianism by the Mexican press in 2022 was predominantly positive, so the pattern observed in previous press analysis in Anglo-Saxon countries is not repeated. Veganism seems to be more popular than vegetarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In April 2023, a Training Workshop on mixed methods in Health Education and Research was held at the University of Aveiro. In this training, a problem was posed about what plagiarism and/or self- plagiarism is, and we found very few correct answers regarding the definition of these concepts. This led us to question what is really known about this topic and where we can find concrete examples of plagiarism and self-plagiarism that have gone unnoticed in society. To carry out this study, a bibliometric and systematic review of the literature was carried out, between the years 2014 and 2022, in the International databases WOS and SCOPUS with the use of the keywords "Plagiarism", "Scientific" and "Education", using VOSViewer Software. As a result of this search, 40 documents with the greatest impact on education were selected, analyzing the content of their summaries and conclusions through CAQDAS NVivo. Among the conclusions obtained, we observe that there is a real need to make known: various recurrent instances of plagiarism and self-plagiarism that occur in academic environments of higher education and analytical models that shed light on the moments prone to these behaviours, offering concrete recommendations to prevent them. his persistence. As a limitation, since this is an exploratory study, the results obtained were not compared with other databases, such as ERIC. Finally, to obtain more significant data in the future, we intend to expand this research by conducting interviews and focus groups with different students and education professionals, to compare the information compiled with new, broader searches that include other databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media are critical tools for providing valuable information in crisis situations. Since the COVID-19 Social media are critical tools for providing valuable information during crisis situations. Health crises, in particular, are exceptional circumstances that intensify social uncertainty on a large scale and trigger negative emotions. Previous health crises, such as SARS (2002), H1N1 (2009), Avian Influenza H7N9 (2013), the Ebola virus (2014), and Zika (2016), have demonstrated that social networks are key in public health strategies to accurately disseminate information. For this reason, the WHO has emphasized the importance of digital communication in persuading the population to adopt measures to prevent the escalation of health crises and control epidemic outbreaks. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, universities have utilized their official accounts on various social platforms to keep their strategic audiences informed. In this context, university social networks are configured as essential tools to foster interaction with their priority audiences. Interactive communication acts as a catalyst that enhances the interest of audiences (Gori et al., 2020) in consuming the content published by these institutions and in maintaining stronger connections with them. The dynamic nature of social media allows universities to promptly address public concerns, disseminate accurate information, and counteract misinformation, thereby playing a crucial role in public health communication strategies. The main objective of this study is to examine the level of activity and engagement generated by the content published by universities on their official Facebook and Twitter accounts concerning coronavirus-related topics since the COVID-19 outbreak. To achieve this, a content analysis was conducted on the institutional profiles of n=70 international reference universities (in Europe, USA, and Latin America) during the year 2021 to measure the level of interaction generated by these messages and compare them with non-COVID-19 related posts. This analysis seeks to identify patterns and differences in user engagement, providing insights into the effectiveness of university communication strategies during health crises. The primary results indicate no significant differences between COVID-19 related publications and non-COVID-19 related ones in terms of activity and engagement levels. Specifically, it was found that COVID-19 related content published by universities on their Facebook and Twitter accounts did not generate high levels of activity in any of the three geographical areas analyzed (United States, Europe, and Latin America). This finding suggests that merely addressing pandemic-related topics is insufficient to maintain high levels of audience engagement and that additional factors may influence the effectiveness of these communications. Therefore, it is suggested to reinforce visual content on Twitter and Facebook to enhance the activity levels of the content published by universities. Long paragraphs can disperse users' attention, especially considering that a significant group of users belong to younger generations accustomed to consuming emoticons, GIFs, short videos, and photographs on platforms like TikTok and Instagram. Visual content, such as infographics, videos, and engaging images, can attract more attention and foster higher engagement among users, making the communication more effective. Additionally, it is recommended that communication professionals in university institutions receive training and specialization in developing effective communication strategies for social networks during crisis situations. To this end, these professionals should learn to integrate actions, measures, and protocols as outlined in the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) framework. This framework provides guidelines for effective communication during crises, emphasizing the need for timely, accurate, and transparent information to maintain public trust and mitigate the impact of the crisis. By implementing these strategies, universities can improve their social media engagement and ensure that their messages reach and resonate with their target audiences, ultimately contributing to better public health outcomes during crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Global South has increasingly become a recurring research agenda, often originating in the Global North. There is a need to understand what these research agendas consist of and what role Latin America and the Caribbean play in defining and/or reproducing them. The purpose of this study is to understand the agendas of the Global South supported by northern agencies, based on a methodological proposal that combines lexicometric analysis of abstracts, grant data-based content analysis on scientific production, and funding data. The study identified four central agendas in the literature: (1) State role and the strength of non-western countries cooperation; (2) Decolonial research, citizen, and feminist perspectives; (3) Academic Collaboration and Education in circuits of science production and (4) Developmentalism in underdeveloped Global South countries. We identified different types of northern organizations, such as non-departmental public bodies, philanthropic and charitable foundations, guiding an agenda based on precariousness, poverty, and underdevelopment, while Latin America and the Caribbean reinforce an agenda taking the South as an example that can be applied in the North. We highlight an emergence of a multipolar world and the need to strengthen research in Latin America and the Caribbean in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass media worldwide has contributed to increasing awareness of the illegal wildlife trade and its significant impact on wildlife conservation. We used mass media coverage as a proxy for macro‐level public opinion to analyze the media framing of elephant ivory in 6394 Chinese newspaper articles published from 2000 to 2021 and thus determine the effects of wildlife policies on public opinion. We focused on 2 events: the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) approval of China as a trading partner in the purchase and import of ivory stockpiles from Africa in July 2008 and the Chinese government's announcement of a domestic ivory ban in December 2016. Using latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, we identified 8 topics about elephant ivory and grouped them into 3 frames: ivory arts and culture, ivory crimes, and elephant conservation. Over the last 2 decades, topics related to ivory crimes remained the most prevalent in news articles. Topics about ivory arts and culture showed a significant shift in media salience before and after the 2 events (from 0.44 to 0.19 and from 0.08 to 0.15, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas the other 2 frames did not change significantly. Contrary to popular belief, our results indicated that Chinese macro‐level public opinion on ivory had become more negative following the CITES approval of ivory importation and less negative after the ivory ban announcement, at least for certain periods. The relationship between mass media, public opinion, and wildlife trade policies is complex and requires further examination of the sociopolitical dynamics that influence media narratives. Our results showed the value of topic modeling in monitoring and assessing media representations of wildlife issues in the era of big data. Conservationists should remain vigilant of mass media coverage and collaborate with media practitioners to produce comprehensive narratives on wildlife issues if resources permit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of 2.0 technologies like the video platform YouTube has caused changes in human behavior, it is a far-reaching audiovisual medium and contains all kinds of audiovisual products, turning it in one of the most popular technologies of the present period. This article examines how National Libraries in the Americas region have turned YouTube in an interesting extension of their services, products and activities, even more so in the COVID-19 crisis. Data is obtained from YouTube channels to have an overview of audiovisual production in this part of the world as the basic characteristics of the channel and the videos. A content analysis is carried out on the videos published in 2020 based on nine categories that are promotion, events, literature, interviews, news, productions, music, film and others. From the results, it is derived that most libraries use the tool, have a large number of videos and subscribers, although it could be improved. Therefore, actions aimed at marketing the library through YouTube are recommended, taking advantage of all its capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La llegada de internet ha supuesto un cambio en el ecosistema mediático. Las empresas periodísticas, denominadas legacy media, han perdido el monopolio en los procesos de comunicación de masas teniendo que convivir con nuevos actores mediáticos. En este contexto, las viejas y las nuevas lógicas de producción conviven e interactúan de tal manera que los medios tradicionales y los nuevos se adaptan y evolucionan. El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar el efecto de estos cambios en los contenidos periodísticos en relación al uso de fuentes de información y la identidad de las mismas. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de contenido sobre una muestra de 958 relatos periodísticos producidos por seis cibermedios españoles durante el primer año de la pandemia. Tales textos abordan el incremento de la desigualdad como consecuencia de la crisis derivada de la COVID-19. Los resultados muestran que dinámicas vinculadas al nuevo ecosistema mediático pueden limitar el uso de fuentes de información reduciendo la calidad periodística. Pero, por otro lado, también constatan cómo la mayor importancia concedida a actores sociales, que tradicionalmente no han centrado el interés mediático, contribuye a la mejora de los productos periodísticos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent report The Impact of Influencers on Advertising and Consumer Protection in the Single Market the European Parliament mentions the use of nudity and sexual content and the role of perceptions and expectations towards body image and perfect images. What most moves consumers' attitudes and behavioral intentions is the credibility, attractiveness (both physical and in terms of familiarity and likability), expertise, trustworthiness, popularity, prestige and high power of the influencers. In Spain two White Papers on influencer marketing indicate that a common form of socialization, especially for girls and women, consists of showing a sexy or a perfect body and projecting an egocentric image. The aim of this research is to analyze the presence of self-objectification in top influencers in Spain and to identify its relationship with either social values of success and recognition or stereotypes. The methodology carried out has been a content analysis of 246 images of the first 14 top influencers that appear in the Report of the 500 most influential men and women influencers in Spain in 2022. From a previous literature review, the analysis has been conducted with a deductiveinductive research paradigm through coding with QSR Nvivo the following categories of selfobjectification: (1) sexy self-presentation; (2) appearance-centered attitude towards one's own perfect body - egocentric image; (3) stereotypical gender representation; and (4) success, social recognition, or popularity. The results show that self-objectification is more predominant in women than in men, and that it has an important correspondence with the self-perception of the professions they have as well as with age, being mainly belonging to the Z Generation. Both women and men who selfperceive themselves as having professions in which physical appearance is relevant (models or actors) tend to objectify themselves more. However, success and social recognition are more evident in those male influencers who emphasize their professional facet and do not resort to self-sexualization of their bodies (businessmen, advertisers or youtubers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maxwell McCombs (2004) defines electoral campaigns as "natural laboratories" for analyzing how near or far the proposals of the programs of political parties, the issues as set out by the media and the concerns expressed by the general public are from each other. This article contributes a comparative analysis in two ways. On the one hand, it systematizes the existing similarities and differences in the media coverage of three general election campaigns (Ecuador 2021, Spain 2019 and Argentina 2019), based on the indicators concerning "issue agendas" and "attribute agendas" (1st and 2nd level of agenda setting). On the other hand, it explores the existing associations between the most significant issues of the media and public agendas in the framework of the three aforementioned electoral campaigns. Among the results obtained, it is worth pointing out, firstly, the dissociation of the main concerns expressed by public opinion and the most prominent issues in the main media of the three countries. In other words, the media (media agenda) give greater visibility to issues of political conflict than to issues of concerns of the citizens themselves (public agenda). Secondly, the agenda of the media studied using a content analysis of the following daily newspapers: El Comercio (Ecuador), El País (Spain) and Clarín (Argentina), is like the most unobtrusive issues (Zucker, 1978), such as corruption or political activity. They are clearly different from those issues which feature in the political and social conflicts of those countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the news treatment that media gave to the objections to the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) raised by Colombian President Ivan Duque. Using a sample of 1496 news stories published online on 13 different Colombian media between February and June 2019, and applying content analysis to a subsample of the 121 news (the most shared on Facebook) we identify the use of a confrontational frame to produce information related to the JEP. While the 85 news that use the frame of conflict assume a posture in favor or against the JEP, the 36 that do not use that frame develop a posture that pretends to be balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text presents the findings of a research study conducted at the National Pedagogical University during the first semester of 2018. The main objective of the research was to identify the teaching trends in textbooks published in Colombia for high school philosophy instruction during the period from 1994 to 2003. Using content analysis as the method, teaching trends and instructional resources such as images, direct quotations, conceptual networks, etc., were identified and assessed. The results reveal two teaching trends: firstly, traditional pedagogy and constructivism are the predominant pedagogical models, and secondly, most books focus on students establishing connections between philosophy and the socio-cultural context of Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Executive Secretariat of the National Public Security System, between 2015 and 2017, 1,761 suspected cases of feminicide were reported throughout Mexican territory. These murders of women, linked to a culture of machismo, occur within a context where impunity rates have remained consistently high throughout the country's history. The purpose of this article is to analyze the coverage of feminicide in the Mexican press during the most violent year of President Enrique Peña Nieto's six-year term, from January 1st to December 31st, 2017. A content analysis was employed to examine a total of 988 journalistic texts on femicide during 2017, encompassing the seven most widely read newspapers in Mexico: La Jornada, El Universal, Milenio, Excélsior, Reforma, El Economista, and El Financiero. The coverage provided by the Mexican press extended beyond reporting on the murders of women, to various aspects related to the phenomenon, including political and governmental actions to address and prevent violence against women (design and implementation of public policies, programs on violence and impunity), social actions and demands (the feminist movement), and the dissemination of research and other content related to cultural and recreational activities. The research reveals a notable diversification in the published content on femicide and a shift in sources, with witnesses, family members of the victims, and perpetrators no longer serving as the primary sources of information on femicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research sets out to respond to the fact that the initial and permanent professional training of Infant Education teachers is one of the least explored topics in the prolific field of teacher training. Our objective is to delve into the conceptions of these teachers about the initial and permanent pro fessional training they have received, and to explore how they assess the impact of these two types of training on their professional practice. To achieve this objective, we used a collective case-study methodology. The instrument was a semi-structured clinical interview that, through content analysis, made it possible to know and fully understand the particularities of each of the cases studied. In addition, we carried out another analysis to establish semantic networks between the established categories. This analysis allowed us to map out common points and dissensions between both categories. The results showed that teachers considered it was necessary to improve initial professional training because it was excessively theoretical and the need for permanent training to be conducted in the schools to facilitate conciliation and adapt it to each context. The Infant Education teachers who participated in our research were not very satisfied with the initial and permanent professional training they received because they considered it was not very practice-oriented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study analyzes the two teachers' planning in habitual teaching situations, based on a methodological case study strategy. The coordinating sessions, in which the teachers jointly planned their respective classroom work, were recorded and transcribed. The conversations were submitted to content analysis to identify and characterize the topics of discussion. The results show that teacher planning is a complex activity mediated by situated representations of the tasks of learning. Among these representations, we emphasize those that allow both teachers to preview tasks as activities situated in practice and to visualize their "plan of action.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International laws, such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, represent a step towards equity. They also imply both an increase in national and regional legislation, as well as greater institutional complexity, in order to make these rights effective. Therefore, we want to know how the right to universal accessibility has been implemented in legislation. A content analysis of 36 regulations related to disability and dependency in Aragon was carried out. Finally, it was detected that, despite certain advances, the adaptation of the regulations has not been consolidated, affecting the recognition of the rights of people with disabilities, especially the youngest and those with severe support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the Age-Friendly Principles, in an attempt to optimize care for the needs of the older population. This concept was part of the Portuguese political agenda in 2017, and it is important to understand whether the national and regional health and ageing programmatic documents follow this trend, defining strategies that contribute to the provision of specialized, integrated and efficient care for the older population. A content analysis was developed, using NVIVO, seeking to understand the priority concerns, the relevance of ageing and the inclusion of the WHO Principles in the programmatic documents. It was concluded that governance measures are the most prominent, compared to long-term care (social). The programs address older people, although in a smaller number than initially expected. The WHO Principles are explicitly referred to only in the National Strategy for Active and Healthy Ageing. Such results highlight the need for health policies to take on increased concern for the older population, integrating specific responses to their needs, by the WHO Principles. No less important is the need for better coordination and articulation of national and regional documents, where national proposals are reflected in the different territorial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide use of social networks by the population has led to the emergence of influencers. Within the gastronomy sector there are two types of digital opinion leaders: foodies and those concerned with healthy food. To compare the communication that these two profiles types carry out on Instagram, a content analysis of 339 publications made by the most important gastronomic instagramers in Spain is performed. The results show that their communication strategies differ and that the followers of the healthy profiles are the most active and interactive ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberal democracy is currently experiencing a detachment from the citizenry, of which populism is a part, a phenomenon that is especially present in Latin American countries. However, the thesis that populism characterizes politics in Latin America still needs micro studies in specific countries. In this article, an operational definition of populism is offered, an analysis code is proposed that includes the main characteristics of this phenomenon and is applied to the spots of the candidates who reached the second and final round in the last two presidential elections of 2015 and 2019 in Guatemala. The results confirm the presence of populism in the spots, but the absence of some of the features leads to suggesting campaigns of mitigated populism. At the same time, not all candidates resort to it with the same intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertising connects the institutional and business sector with the public, responding to a persuasive and commercial interest. Advertising connects the institutional and business sector with the public, responding to a persuasive and commercial interest. The promotion of tourist destinations is a key activity for public and private advertisers to effectively communicate with their audiences. These advertisements show citizens' interests and motivations for travelling in the 21st century. This study analysed 95 advertisements published in 2020 in the newspaper El País, the most widely read generalist print media in Spain, on the day of the week coinciding with the publication of the specialised supplement "El viajero" (The Traveller). A quantitative and qualitative content analysis has been carried out in order to respond to the main objective of identifying the main advertisers and the usual sales proposition in this type of advertisement, also explaining the narrative strategies used in tourism campaigns. The main conclusions are the importance of wellbeing in the campaigns carried out and the important presence of public bodies in the promotion of destinations, especially Spanish destinations, highlighting historical, cultural and environmental heritage, which take on the same importance as the offer of beaches or cruises. This is an advertisement aimed especially at young people who travel as a couple, reflecting social concerns and trends in an irregular year for tourism promotion due to the covid-19 pandemic. This time period was an exceptional context, with consequences on citizen attitudes towards travel, which undoubtedly limits the application of these conclusions to that specific time context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing what leisure alternatives university students devote their free time to and whether these are healthy or not is a socio-educational concern. It is the objectives of each person and their personality that determine the type of leisure time they consume. Among the leisure spaces is digital leisure. In the context of the Teaching Innovation Project for the academic year 2022/2023 of the University of Salamanca "Healthy leisure for students of the university population 2.0", this study aims to find out what young university students of the University of Salamanca understand by digital leisure and what opinion they have about it. Furthermore, the research question to be answered is: What perception do the students of the University of Salamanca have of digital leisure? In order to carry out the research and answer the research question and objective, qualitative methodology was used. The research design was based on content analysis, creating a table of categories and an open-ended survey for data collection. This survey was disseminated among the students of the University of Salamanca of different degrees and by means of non-probabilistic sampling and the snowball technique, a sample of 100 people was obtained. The students understand digital leisure as the realization of their tastes and hobbies with the use of technological resources, highlighting the easy access to information and communication with distant people as positive aspects and addiction and its excessive use as negative. As a limitation, the bias in the selection of the participants stands out, which will be corrected in the future by expanding the sample and the development, analyzing the type of digital leisure consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of big data by large food retailers is increasing their bargaining power against the agri-food cooperative sector. The aim of this study was to determine the social media behaviour of food retailers in Spain and the UK, and to identify significant changes pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. The study analysed Twitter data collected from 16 food retailers; a total of 102,200 valid tweets were extracted from their official Twitter accounts. A term frequency analysis and a social network analysis of food retailers' Twitter behaviour were carried out. The results obtained show differences for both UK and Spanish retailers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. For agri-food cooperatives with little bargaining power in the supply chain of fresh produce, data analysis is a key factor in improving their competitive positioning. These findings should be of value to data scientists as well as managers responsible for forming strategies in agri-food firms that have large food retailers as clients. Finally, the study also confirms that, for agri-food cooperatives, analysing tweet content is a cheap and useful tool for understanding customer behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a content analysis of texts published in the AfD Kompakt magazine, it is found that there has been no change in the political positions of the AfD (Alternative for Germany) party as a result of the war in Ukraine. This war provides the magazine AfD Kompakt with new arguments to disqualify the German coalition government and its foreign policy, without ceasing to refer to the economy or energy and without ceasing to mediate in the battle for how to get out of the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain's gradual integration into the European Union through the development of institutions and economic and structural changes is intrinsic to the construction of a pro-European public opinion in which the media have actively participated. Objectives: This research aims to analyse the topics disseminated by the leading Spanish media to detect how the EU is represented in these themes, determine the main, adjacent and counter-discourses and find out the degree of North/South polarisation. Methodology: By content analysis and critical discourse analysis, this paper studies 543 units from the Spanish media El País, El Confidencial, ABC, El Diario.es, RTVE and Antena 3 from July 2021 to March 2022. Discussion and conclusion: Following the methodological application, the results obtained allow us to conclude that the construction of Europeanisation in the Spanish media is constructed about specific issues, and after an in-depth analysis of the energy issue, we can affirm that media coverage is neutral in general terms. Europeanisation is presented from a role with the greater weight of Spain in the common project than in previous historical stages presented in the introduction to this paper. Likewise, there is a certain unanimity in the Spanish media, both in the thematic selection and in the actors who are given a voice in the information, as well as in the pre-European construction of public opinion, regardless of their editorial line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study analyzes the treatment of obesity in the Spanish press during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of finding out how the information on this topic was framed. Methodology: Using the methodology of content analysis and the framing theory as a reference, 350 content units on obesity and COVID-19 published in the digital editions of the four most widely read Spanish general-information newspapers in 2020 were analyzed: El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia and ABC. Results: In the contents that focus on obesity the individual responsibility frame predominates, attributing the cause of obesity to individual responsibility and disseminating the idea that being overweight is a personal choice. On the other hand, in those centred on COVID-19, the collective responsibility frame predominates. Offensive language and images that reflect negatively on people with obesity are also used, albeit in a minority of cases. Discussion: The media can influence the beliefs and attitudes of its audience, as well as health care decision-making. Thus, the way in which the media portrays obesity is important in increasing or reducing stigmatization toward people who suffer from it. Conclusions: Narrative attributing the cause of obesity to individual responsibility fosters increased social stigma and reinforces weight-based stereotypes and should be avoided in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This research has analyzed the visual discourse on Instagram of the European far-right parties in Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Belgium, Austria and Poland on the COVID-19 vaccines carried out during 2021. The main objective has been focused on in discovering the position of these parties regarding the vaccination process against the coronavirus and the use of biased strategies or frames linked to misinformation. Methodology: (N=1050) Instagram posts have been analyzed using visual content analysis. The results show that the European far-right parties studied have not used their Instagram accounts to spread health strategies to alleviate the effects of COVID-19. Results: The contents disseminated have turned out to be individualistic and consistent with the ideals of each party. Except for specific exceptions, in general all the parties have shown a neutral position without being very explicit in their positions. Discussion: What these findings reveal is an inclination not to make decisive speeches that could make them lose voters, despite maintaining a critical position that pretends to be an alternative to the official one. Conclusions: Their main speeches allude to the lack of individual freedom, the voluntariness in the administration of the dose, the rejection of vaccination of children and the denial of the COVID passport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reflection on the concept of environmental health is presented in this research. Together with this, contents on this subject appearing in Natural Sciences textbooks of Primary and Secondary Education are summarized. The analysis was implemented with 36 textbooks of three important Spanish publishers. Usefulness and limitations to carry out it are discussed. Results show the interest of publishers to include Environmental Health contents. However, examples on certain topics are more common than others. Those contents of lower complexity level appear more than the most complex ones. Human health is not considered as much as food, physical exercise, and personal hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of an investigation is denoted by this quality in each of its stages. Assuming an attitude of rigor in each task, such as document review, is a sign of investigative commitment. Developing investigative skills is a relevant aspect for the university professor. The context of this study is a fundamental stage: the documentary analysis, specifically the formation of instrumental skills and provide a guide in this stage of the investigation, which has a methodological utility. That is why, a guide for documentary review and analysis from an investigative approach is proposed. To achieve this proposal, a qualitative study was carried out through a process of searching, organizing, and analyzing information around this research stage. The results are presented in the following categories: purposes of the documentary analysis, objectives of the documentary analysis, strategies for the documentary analysis, guide for the revision and the documentary analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context marked by the Covid-19 pandemic, this research focuses on the study of the informative treatment of tourism in Spain and Mexico; countries whose economies are nourished, at a high proportion, by the entertainment industry. For this purpose, a content analysis was conducted based on the observation of three digital media in Spain (El Mundo, El País and La Vanguardia) and another three in Mexico (El Universal, Milenio and Expansión). A sample of 524 news items related to tourism was collected from March 2020 to March 2022. The purpose of this work was to find out, longitudinally, how tourist information has been approached during the health crisis from the perspective of framing. The results indicate that negative economic issues and attribution of responsibility have marked the informative treatment of the press in tourism coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note presents a new proposal to analyze gender issues in party competition. Despite the growing prominence of gender issues in public debate, there are hardly any indicators to measure gender salience and positions of political parties. Our proposal fills this gap based on quantitative content analysis of electoral programs and, specifically, on the extension of the classification scheme of the Regional Manifestos Project. We propose a new domain on gender to measure partisan strategies in four of the main areas identified by the literature: welfare and the labor market, gender violence, equal representation and values and identity. Using this domain, we have generated new data on the 2019 regional elections in Spain, which we make available to the research community. Here we present the first descriptive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Content analysis (CA) is evolving towards adaptation to the increasingly diverse object of study as a mixed methodology. In this paper it is proposed (and justified) as a suitable tool for adaptation to complex and multidimensional objects, and also as a bridging tool between different areas of knowledge that work together on the complexity of our object; nominally, research on society-environment relations. Objectives: The aim is to explore the history of content analysis (CA) and its use since its origin in order to trace its evolution. In addition, an eclectic proposal of updated conceptualisation is made, with practical (research tool) and epistemological (approach of social and environmental scientific areas) usefulness. Methods. Bibliographic review and presentation of two cases with similar analytical needs, on the same field of study, socio-environmental impact assessments (SIAs) in mining in their governance and gender dimensions. This is an area of work in which specialists from a multitude of areas of knowledge coexist, where the need for mutual understanding is necessary for the success of the research. Results. In the case studies presented, CA is applied starting from qualitative data, to develop production under quantitative criteria (analysis of frequencies and co-occurrences) and useful in cluster and network analysis. Conclusions. The CA is shown as the result of an academic evolution towards methodological flexibility and epistemological rapprochement between sciences, both of which are necessary for a transdisciplinary approach to complex objects such as the socio-environmental impacts of mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political communication is a broad label that brings together a multitude of topics. Some of those that attract the most attention from researchers are fake news and post-truth, electoral processes, media coverage or pop politics. On the other hand, the framing theory, despite its long trajectory, continues to be one of the most frequent conceptual and methodological paradigms for the study of this kind of communication. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the articles published in Ibero-American communication journals indexed in Scimago Journal Rank (2015-2019), and where both aspects converged. For this, content analysis was used as a meta-research tool, thanks to which 175 variables were applied for the observation of a sample of 100 manuscripts. The main findings reveal an increasing production, although the average impact decreases as of 2016, and led by Spanish journals and authors affiliated with universities of this country. The works are eminently empirical and focused on the observation, also through content analysis, of the information disclosed in the press and social networks; a low-cost practice given the scarcity of additional financing declared by the authors. Finally, the most recurrent theme focuses on marketing, campaigns, and electoral debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a theoretical-methodological approach to qualitative research in education, of the descriptive-interpretative type, and the possible interlocutions between Qualitative Content Analysis and the Qualitative Data Analysis Software webQDA. The memorials and reports of pedagogues working in public schools of Early Childhood Education and Early Years of Elementary School were analyzed, from the Freirean perspective, the experience of the self in Jorge Larrosa and the (self) formation in Marie-Christine Josso. The concepts of Content Analysis (BARDIN, 2016) and the webQDA Qualitative Data Analysis Software are presented, as well as the approximation points between the two methods of qualitative data analysis. In the end, it is described how the application of these methods contributed to the researchers' work, stimulating other pairs, so that research in education can advance towards the use of qualitative information analysis technologies to facilitate the construction of the research corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the mathematical aspects of the nutritionist's education process and investigate the implicit and explicit knowledge in the texts of the National Curriculum Guidelines and the curriculum of the undergraduate course in nutrition at a Brazilian federal university. Thus, we propose to answer: What are the contexts in which mathematics is present and contributes to educating these professionals, based on the documents that regulate the course? The research is qualitative, with numerical support, of the documentary type, using Bardin's content analysis technique. Five categories were identified: dietary and anthropometric algebraic calculations, citizenship and criticality, economics, statistics and probability. However, the results point to the absence of an explicit indication of mathematics in the guidelines, which contradicts its wide use as an indispensable tool for the understanding of several concepts developed in the course. Despite the presence of biostatistics, we identified in the curriculum the inexistence of subjects that review or introduce algebra and differential calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to determine the social representation that, of the trans collective, builds the advertising of Pantene in the ad: "Recreated family photo". The campaign is novel because it aims to combat stereotypes imposed by society in relation to physical appearance and because it works with a minority of the LGTBIQ+ community, prone to being victims of hate crimes. The content analysis carried outallows us to conclude that although the message aims to positively influence both trans people and society, an incomplete social representation of the collective is still offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the data visualizations incorporated in the online versions of the main hybrid newspapers in Spain and the United States to find out their features and the role they play in the articles. In addition to this objective, the aim is to determine whether there are significant differences in the use of visualizations in the practice of data journalism in national and foreign newspapers. Through a content analysis, the articles published during the year 2021 in the web versions of El País, El Mundo, The New York Times and The Washington Post were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The news site ro.sputnik.md is the Romanian language version of the Sputnik news website platform, owned by the Russian government, one of the main channels used by the Kremlin to disseminate mis- and disinformation across Russian borders. The current research aims to identify the frames associated with anti-COVID-19 vaccines, and the news values employed in constructing news discourse on vaccination in ro.sputnik.md media texts. To map the media frames and the lexical and discursive constructions, the research proposes a mixed methods content-based approach, where automated text analysis (frequency, co-occurrence, n-grams) is combined with thematic and discourse analysis. Six emphasis frames are identified in the corpus (N=1,165): Superiority of the Russian Sputnik V Vaccine, Fatal/Side Effects of EU Authorized Vaccines, Limitations of Individual Rights and Freedoms, EU and/or Romanian Authorities’ Struggle, Children and Teenagers’ Protection, and Big Pharma Conspiracy. The findings show that specific discursive patterns are associated with the negative news value: death, side effects (blood clot, thrombosis, coagulation), restrictions, and interdictions or warnings (serious, risk, negative, panic, etc.), while the conflict news value is associated with warfare vocabulary (defense, threat, battle, fire, gunpowder, etc.); and eliteness, with well-known actors (state leaders, European leaders, famous ”conspirators”) and countries (powerful international actors, meaningful neighbours). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico required close communication with the population by the health authority through press conferences at both federal and local levels. Objectives: To analyze the press conferences issued by the health authority in a city in northern Mexico on a daily basis and broadcast by local press, in order to determine if they were used to educate for health and on which topics. Methodology: Qualitative research through content analysis of the press conferences issued during the period from January 26, 2021 to March 12, 2021. Results: 5 thematic axes were identified, revealing health education through these press conferences. Conclusion: Press conferences during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were used for the purpose of both informing and educating, in order to provide relevant medical information to population, helpful to take care of their health during and after the pandemic. The participation of the media was key in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2021 U.S. Capitol riot disrupted the transition of presidential power, influencing how the American public viewed President Trump and President Biden. Through a content analysis, this study investigated how users of two Reddit communities—r/politics and r/conservative—framed these leaders in the riot’s aftermath. This study finds that users were specifically concerned with presidential behavior, conflict, and U.S. democracy. Moreover, portrayals of President Trump normalized by the end of President Biden’s first 100 days. These findings contribute to scholarship examining social media data during political instability and elucidate how the U.S. Capitol riot influenced political discourse within social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the communication of Brazilian Courts of Accounts and Prosecution Services on social media platforms Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, since the opening of their accounts. The study innovates in the discussion about democratic controls over public administration in the so-called "digital democracy," focusing on institutional communication of Courts of Accounts and Prosecution Services, showing that controllers also need to be concerned about their transparency and accountability. Having verified that they maintain professional communication departments that operate intensively on social media, with emphasis on the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) and the Federal Prosecution Service (MPF) on Twitter, the article specifically analyzes the content of the two institutions' communication in this platform by using the Iramuteq software. Both TCU and MPF kept posting a variety of content on Twitter since first opening their accounts and at important moments in recent political history. The research question addressed was: Does expanding communication channels necessarily mean greater accountability? The study found that these institutions, when communicating with society on social media, did not necessarily respond to the public accountability requirements that democratic theory implies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agenda-setting has been identified as a tool to study historical public opinion. This article offers an approach to public opinion about the Russian Revolution in Europe. For this purpose, a quantitative content analysis of 746 cartoons published in magazines from ten European countries from March 1917 to December 1917 has been carried out. The results show that in the image of the revolution there was a double account based on the division of Europe caused by the First World War between the Allies and aliadophiles and Central Empires and germanophiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]