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This paper investigates the Izhia Numerals and those of the English language, and examines how the numerals in both languages could enter into relationship with the nouns to form a determiner phrase. The study uses the Contrastive analysis and the minimalist program as tools for identifying, predicting and generalizing functional and structural similarities and dissimilarities within the two languages which may pose difficulties in second language learning or ease second language learning. Data used in this study were obtained through oral interviews. Findings reveal that numerals in both languages are split into cardinal and ordinal and are functionally similar but structurally dissimilar, as the English numerals occur only in pre-position in their DP system while in Izhia the reverse is the case as the numerals appear in post-positions in their DP system. The study also reveals that there isco-occurrence of determiners in Izhia DP with numerals which is not common in English. The study brings to the fore the fact that nouns can co-occur with cardinal numerals in the two languages under discourse. On this premise, it is realized that the knowledge of the dissimilarities in the structures of the L1 and the L2 can enhance proficiency and good performance in the teaching and learning of English language as a second language as far as Izhia speakers of English are concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardinal is an open-source application that couples OpenMC Monte Carlo transport and NekRS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), closing neutronics and thermal-fluid gaps in conducting high-resolution multiscale and multiphysics analyses of nuclear systems. We first provide a brief introduction to Cardinal's software design, data mapping, and coupling strategy to highlight our approach to overcoming common challenges in high-fidelity multiphysics simulations. We then present two Cardinal simulations for hexagonal pin bundles. The first is a validation of Cardinal's conjugate heat transfer coupling of NekRS's Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes model with MOOSE's heat conduction physics for a bare seven-pin Freon-12 bundle flow experiment. Predictions for pin surface temperatures under three different heating modes agree reasonably well with experimental data and similar CFD modeling from the literature. The second simulation is a multiphysics coupling of OpenMC, NekRS, and BISON for a reduced-scale, seven-pin wire-wrapped version of an Advanced Burner Reactor bundle. Wire wraps are approximated using a momentum source model, and coupled predictions are provided for velocity, temperature, and power distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper models the real-time adaptation of utility when individuals have a limited capacity to make fine distinctions. A simple adaptive mechanism is proposed that adapts utility to an arbitrary distribution of rewards in a way that is ultimately optimal, in terms of minimizing the probability of errors. A modified simple mechanism is approximately optimal in terms of maximizing expected utility. The model generates the so-called "hedonic treadmill" and induces a preference for rising consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a two-year study of the influence of different vine loads with fertile buds on the agrobiological, economic and technological characteristics of the Cardinal variety. The research was carried out in the vineyard of the Biotechnical Faculty in Podgorica subregion. Four different vine loads with fertile buds were applied: 8, 12, 16 and 18 buds. The results of the research showed that the applied loads had a significant impact on the examined parameters of the Cardinal variety. The obtained results on the average yield of grapes show that the lowest value of this parameter was the variant with a load of 8 buds - 1.45 kg m-2, while the highest grape yield was recorded for the variant with a load of 16 buds (2.03 kg m-2). V1 variant had the highest average bunch (386 g) and berries (7g) weight, while V4 had the smallest bunch (285 g) and berries (5.95 g) weight. The quality of the grapes also varied significantly under the influence of the vine load. The highest sugar content in must was recorded in the variant with a load of 8 buds - 15.79%, and the lowest in the variant with 18 buds - 14.30%. The acid content did not differ significantly between the tested variants. V4 variant had the highest - 4.30 g/l, and V1 and V3 variants - 4.05 g/l measured the lowest acid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monte Carlo simulation based on Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) brings unique challenges for multiphysics simulation, including establishing field transfers with mesh-based physics codes, the combination of stochastic and deterministic solvers, and high computational expense. In this work, an adaptive, on-the-fly mesh-based Monte Carlo geometry algorithm is implemented in Cardinal to reduce the barrier-to-entry for high-fidelity multiphysics by (i) eliminating ambiguity in defining CSG cells for temperature and density feedback, (ii) enabling simple mesh convergence studies, and (iii) more closely integrating Computer Aided Design (CAD) workflows with Monte Carlo methods. During Picard iterations, an OpenMC mesh geometry is adaptively refined or coarsened by contouring temperature and/or density fields from a thermal-fluid solver. This algorithm is applied to a full-core Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) geometry with NekRS Large Eddy Simulation (LES) coupled to OpenMC neutron transport. A performance study indicates a net speedup of 2.3 × in the OpenMC solver when using an adaptive geometry for cell sizes chosen intermediate to the as-built CAD geometry versus 1:1 element tracking, which points to future algorithmic research in accelerated Monte Carlo mesh tracking. • Adaptive unstructured mesh geometry automatically refines Monte Carlo geometry. • Large Eddy Simulation is coupled with Monte Carlo neutron transport for an MSFR. • A performance study highlights ray tracing and point containment algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of arboviruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. Although recent success in reverse genetics has facilitated rapid progress in basic and applied research, integration of forward genetics with modern technologies remains challenging in this important species, as up to 47% of its chromosome is refractory to genetic mapping due to extremely low rate of recombination. Here, we report the development of a marker-assisted mapping strategy to readily screen for and genotype only the rare but informative recombinants, drastically increasing both the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Using marker-assisted mapping, we mapped a transgene that was inserted in a >100-Mb recombination desert and a sex-linked spontaneous red-eye (re) mutation just outside the region. We subsequently determined, by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout, that cardinal is the causal gene of re, which is the first forward genetic identification of a causal gene in Ae. aegypti. The identification of the causal gene of the sex-linked re mutation provides the molecular foundation for using gene editing to develop versatile and stable genetic sexing methods. To facilitate genome-wide forward genetics in Ae. aegypti, we generated and compiled a number of lines with markers throughout the genome. Thus, by overcoming the challenges presented by the vast recombination deserts and the scarcity of markers, we have shown that effective forward genetic analysis is increasingly feasible in this important arboviral vector species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being involved in development of Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism plays a significant role in modulation of neuropathology. Accumulation of a prooxidant 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HOK) leads to oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis. Drosophila mutant cardinal (cd1) with 3-HOK excess shows age-dependent neurodegeneration and short-term memory impairments, thereby presenting a model for senile dementia. Although cd gene for phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) catalyzing 3-HOK dimerization has been presumed to harbor the cd1 mutation, its molecular nature remained obscure. Using next generation sequencing, we have shown that the cd gene in cd1 carries a long deletion leading to PHS active site destruction. Contrary to the wild type Canton-S (CS), cd1 males showed defective long-term memory (LTM) in conditioned courtship suppression paradigm (CCSP) at days 5–29 after eclosion. The number of dopaminergic neurons (DAN) regulating fly locomotor activity showed an age-dependent tendency to decrease in cd1 relative to CS. Thus, in accordance with the concept "from the gene to behavior" proclaimed by S. Benzer, we have shown that the aberrant PHS sequence in cd1 provokes drastic LTM impairments and DAN alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kynurenine pathway is critically important to catabolize tryptophan, to produce eye chromes, and to protect nervous system in insects. However, several issues related to tryptophan degradation remain to be clarified. In the present paper, we identified three genes (karmoisin, vermilion and cardinal) involved in kynurenine pathway in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. The karmoisin and cardinal were highly expressed in the pupae and adults having compound eyes. Consistently, high-performance liquid chromatography result showed that three ommochrome peaks were present in adult heads rather than bodies (thoraces, legs, wings and abdomens). RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of vermilion caused accumulation of tryptophan in both adult heads and bodies, disappearance of ommochromes in the heads and a complete loss of eye color in both pupae and adults. Depletion of cardinal brought about excess of 3-hydroxykynurenine and insufficient ommochromes in the heads and decolored eyes. RNAi of karmoisin resulted in a decrease in ommochromes in the heads, and a partial loss of eye color. Moreover, a portion of karmoisin-, vermilion- or cardinal-silenced adults exhibited negative phototaxis, whereas control beetles showed positive phototaxis. Furthermore, dysfunctions of tryptophan catabolism impaired climbing ability. Our findings clearly illustrated several issues related to kynurenine pathway and provided a new insight into the physiological importance of tryptophan catabolism in H. vigintioctopunctata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal was to specify the developmental trajectory of cardinal, ordinal, and spatial relational language comprehension and production. One hundred sixty-four 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old English-speaking children viewed a row of toy cars and were asked to place the appropriate car(s) into a toy garage based on the label provided (Give Me) or to produce the correct label for the specified car(s) (Tell Me). Children were tested using cardinal (one, three, five), ordinal (first, third, fifth), and spatial (front, middle, back) labels. Language performance improved with age, especially for spatial labels. Language performance was more accurate for cardinal labels than for spatial and ordinal labels. Performance was quite accurate for cardinal labels regardless of condition, whereas comprehension was higher than production for spatial and ordinal labels. • Three-, 4-, and 5-year-old children completed language comprehension and production tasks. • They were tested using cardinal, ordinal, and spatial relational labels. • Children's relational language performance improved significantly with age, especially for spatial labels. • Children were significantly more accurate for cardinal labels than for spatial and ordinal labels. • Children's comprehension was significantly more accurate than production, especially for ordinal and spatial labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces extended natural numbers, i.e. the set ℕ ∪ {+∞}, in Mizar [4], [3] and formalizes a way to list a cardinal numbers of cardinals. Both concepts have applications in graph theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A space X is said to be cellular-Lindelöf if, for every family U of disjoint non-empty open sets of X, there is a Lindelöf subspace L ⊂ X , such that U ∩ L ≠ ∅ for every U ∈ U . This class of spaces was introduced by Bella and Spadaro in 2007. In this paper, our main result is to show that the Pixley–Roy space F [ X ] is cellular-Lindelöf if and only if it is CCC. We also establish a cardinal inequality for cellular-Lindelöf spaces which have a symmetric g-function. Some open questions are posed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a three-year study (2010-2012) on the influence of different types and combinations of fertilisers on the agro-biological, economic and technological characteristics of the Cardinal variety of grapes. The study was carried out in the experimental vineyard of the Biotechnical Faculty in Podgorica to explore the possibility of reducing the use of mineral fertilisers by applying various organic fertiliser sources. Ten variants of fertilisation were applied: control (500 kg ha-1, NPK 8:16:24), cattle manure (25 t ha-1), poultry manure (10 t ha-1), peat (12 t ha-1), combination of 75% mineral fertiliser and 25% cattle manure, combination of 75% mineral fertiliser and 25% poultry manure, combination of 75% mineral fertiliser and 25% peat, combination of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% cattle fertiliser, combination of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% poultry manure, and combination of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% peat. The results demonstrate the possibility of using organic fertilisers to partially replace mineral fertilisers. The application of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% organic fertilisers produced the best results in terms of grape yield and the physical and chemical characteristics of bunches and berries of the Cardinal variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Given a topological property (or a class) P , the class P ′ consists of spaces X such that for any neighbourhood assignment ϕ on X , there exists a subspace Y ⊂ X with property P for which ϕ (Y) = ⋃ { ϕ (y) : y ∈ Y } is dense in X. The class P ′ are called the weak dual of P or weakly dually P (with respect to neighbourhood assignments). We establish that DCCC is weakly self-dual in the class of weakly regular spaces. If P ∈ { weakly Lindelöf , CCC , separable } , then P is weakly self-dual in the class of Baire developable spaces. By using Erdös–Radó's theorem, we also prove that: (1) If X is a Baire, weakly dually CCC Hausdorff space with a rank 2-diagonal, then X has cardinality at most 2 ω ; (2) If X is a Baire, weakly dually DCCC Hausdorff space with a rank 3-diagonal, then X has cardinality at most 2 ω ; (3) If X is a weakly dually DCCC Hausdorff space with a rank 4-diagonal, then X has cardinality at most 2 ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Whenever P is a topological property, we say that a topological space X is star P if whenever U is an open cover of X , there is a subspace Y ⊂ X with property P such that St (Y , U) = X. We study the relationships of star P properties for P ∈ { DCCC , weakly Lindelöf , CCC } with other chain conditions. By using Erdös–Radó's theorem, we also establish several cardinal inequalities for star CCC spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we make some observations on chain conditions and dually properties. In particular, we show that: (1) A subspace X ⊂ ω 1 ω is dually CCC then e (X) ≤ ω and a normal subspace X ⊂ ω 1 ω is DCCC if and only if e (X) ≤ ω ; (2) There is a Tychonoff pseudocompact subspace X ⊂ (ω 1 + 1) 2 which is not dually CCC; (3) In the class of o-semimetrizable spaces, dually separable is self-dual with respect to neighbourhood assignments. As an application, we obtain an example of a CCC normal Moore space which is not dually separable under MA+¬CH; (4) There exists an example of a large normal CCC semi-stratifiable space, which answers a question of Xuan and Song (2018) [21, Question 4.11] ; (5) Every dually separable and monotonically monolithic space is Lindelöf, which gives a partial answer to a question of Alas, Junqueira, van Mill, Tkachuk and Wilson (2011) [2, Question 2.1] ; (6) A dually separable Hausdorff space with a strong rank 1-diagonal has cardinality at most 2 c. The conclusion is also true for regular spaces if we replace "strong rank 1-diagonal" with " G δ -diagonal"; (7) A dually separable ω -monolithic Hausdorff space with a G δ -diagonal has cardinality at most c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ommochrome is the major source for eye coloration of all insect species so far examined. Phenoxazinone synthetase (PHS) has always been regarded as the terminal step enzyme for ommochrome formation, which is encoded by cardinal or karmoisin genes. Our previous study indicated that the karmoisin ortholog gene (Nl‐karmoisin) product in the brown planthopper (BPH) was a monocarboxylate transporter, while not a PHS. Here, based on full‐length complementary DNA, the cardinal ortholog gene in BPH (Nl‐cardinal) product was predicted to be a haem peroxidase rather than a PHS. We suggest for the first time that neither karmoisin nor cardinal encodes the PHS, but whether PHS participates in BPH eye pigmentation needs further research. Nymphal RNA interference (RNAi) experiments showed that knockdown Nl‐cardinal transcript led the BPH ocelli and compound eye to color change from brown to red, while knockdown Nl‐karmoisin only made the ocelli present the red phenotype. Notably, not only the Nl‐cardinal transcript, dscd injection (Nl‐cardinal targeting double‐stranded DNA (dsRNA)) also significantly reduced the Nl‐karmoisin transcript by 33.7%, while dska (Nl‐karmoisin targeting dsRNA) injection did not significantly change the Nl‐cardinal transcript. Considering the above RNAi and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results, we propose that Nl‐cardinal plays a more important role in ommochrome synthesis than Nl‐karmoisin, and it may be an upstream gene of Nl‐karmoisin. The present study suggested that both karmoisin and cardinal ortholog genes play a role in ommochrome synthesis in a hemimetabolous insect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The class of cellular-Lindelöf spaces was introduced and studied by A. Bella and S. Spadaro (2017) [4]. We say that a topological space X is cellular-Lindelöf if for every family U of pairwise disjoint non-empty open sets of X there is a Lindelöf subspace L ⊂ X such that U ∩ L ≠ ∅ , for every U ∈ U. In this paper, we first study topological properties of cellular-Lindelöf spaces, and the relations between cellular-Lindelöf spaces and related spaces. In particular, we obtain a Tychonoff example of a weakly Lindelöf space which is not cellular-Lindelöf, which gives a positive answer to a question of A. Bella and S. Spadaro ([4, Question 2]). We also prove that every monotonically normal W -space is cellular-Lindelöf if and only if it is Lindelöf. Finally, by using Erdös–Radó's theorem, we establish some cardinal inequalities for cellular-Lindelöf spaces. Some new questions are also posed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that a Hausdorff metaLindelöf weakly star countable space is feebly Lindelöf and a Hausdorff metacompact weakly star finite space is almost compact which partially answers a question of Alas and Wilson (2017) [2, Question 3.14] . We also obtain a normal example of a weakly star countable space which is neither almost star countable nor star Lindelöf without any set-theoretic assumptions, which answers a question implicitly asked by Song (2015) [13, Remark 2.8] and a question asked by Alas, Junqueira and Wilson (2011) [3, Question 4] . Under MA+¬CH, there even exists a normal weakly star countable Moore space which is not almost star countable. An example of a Tychonoff star compact and weakly star finite space which is not star countable is also given. Finally, we prove that every weakly star countable Hausdorff space with a rank 4-diagonal has cardinality at most 2 ω . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is intended to commemorate Cardinal Ermenegildo Florit who taught Sacred Scripture and was Dean of the Faculty of Theology at the Pontifical Lateran University from 1929 to 1954 and then Vice-Rector of the same University, before being called to the Metropolitan See of Florence. After having sketched the figure of Card. Florit three aspects are considered: - the teaching, research and scientific production of this "Lateran" biblical scholar; - his contribution to Vatican II especially as a speaker on Dei Verbum; - the contribution to the implementation of Vatican II on some important issues in which he was involved: translation of the Bible into Italian, New Dutch Catechism; renewal of the Code of Canon Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to understand the effects of environmental conditions, especially temperature, on weed seed germination patterns, in order to make comprehensive and effective weed management decisions. The effect of cardinal temperature (0°C, 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C) on the germination pattern of three noxious weeds, such as wild barley (Hordeum spontaneumKoch.), barley grass (H. murinumL.) and hoary cress (Cardaria drabaL.) in wheat fields of Iran, was studied in three separate experiments. The experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The result showed that the germination of all three species started at low temperatures and there was no significant difference in germination percentage (GP) at lower temperatures. About 50% of the weed population germinated within a short period when using a dent-like model indicating the high ability of these weeds to compete for space and resources. Segmented and dent-like models were used to evaluate the cardinal temperatures. The results showed that dent-like model was the preferred model to evaluate germination rate in relation to variable temperatures in hoary cress, while the segmented model was better in wild barley. However, there was no significant difference between the two models for barley grass. The results of this study showed that mechanical, cultural (pre-planting irrigation) and chemical practices could be more useful and effective at 10–30°C. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cardinal is an open-source application that couples OpenMC Monte Carlo transport and NekRS computational fluid dynamics to the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), closing neutronics and thermal-fluid gaps in conducting high-resolution multiscale and multiphysics analyses of nuclear systems. We provide an introduction to Cardinal's software design, data mapping, and multiphysics coupling strategy to highlight our approach to overcoming common challenges in multiphysics simulation. We then describe an application of Cardinal to prismatic High Temperature Gas Reactors (HTGRs) with various combinations of NekRS, OpenMC, BISON, and THM. A high-resolution coupling of NekRS, OpenMC, and BISON provides a reference solution at the unit cell level and shows excellent agreement with a lower-resolution coupling of THM, OpenMC, and BISON. A full core coupling of THM, OpenMC, and BISON resolving the three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer and sub-pin power distribution then provides detailed predictions of HTGR temperatures and the fission distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to understand the differences in the physicochemical properties of chitin samples isolated from the wings and the other body parts except the wings (OBP) of a butterfly species ( Argynnis pandora ). The same isolation method was used for obtaining chitin specimens from both types of body parts. The chitin content of the wings (22%) was recorded as being much higher than the OBP (8%). The extracted chitin samples were characterized via FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and elemental analysis techniques. Results of these characterizations revealed that the chitins from both structures (wings and OBP) were very similar, except for their surface morphologies. SEM results demonstrated one type of surface morphology for the wings and four different surface morphologies for the OBP. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the surface morphology of the chitin is highly related with the body part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During World War II, Blessed Alojzije (Aloysius) Stepinac, archbishop and later cardinal of Zagreb (1898-1960), took action to rescue several hundred individuals associated with Croatia's Jewish community, more than 1000 Jews in mixed marriages, and a number of others in danger from the Nazis. Using archival evidence, survivor testimonies, and other documentation, the author discusses how Stepinac reacted to the policies of the Nazi- and fascist-sponsored Ustaše regime and used his position in the Church to promote the rescue of Jews, supported by his moral convictions and Giuseppe Ramiro Marcone, Benedictine abbot and Pope Pius XII's apostolic visitor to Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores whether and how different external representations of quantity influence the performance of four-year-old children when constructing sets of a given cardinal number. Three representations of quantity were presented (objects, pictures and number words) in an adaptation of the ‘Give-a-number' task, in sets that contained 2–6 items. The results show that the use of pictures facilitated children's performance with quantities of three and four. These results are discussed by analysing the cognitive demands of representational formats, in terms of dual representation and iconicity, and according to the magnitude of the quantities involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which quantifies the document cryptic sexual dichromatism and ultraviolet (UV) plumage reflectance in the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds such as tanagers and cardinals. The study used UV spectrum, avian visual spectrum, and quantitative analysis. Results show that UV reflectance was not randomly distributed across the birds' phylogeny, while sexual dichromatism was more widespread.

Abstract: In this paper, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for an -compact space to be -compact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We have devised two numerical methods of restoring incomplete band-limited NMR-signals to integrity by either interpolating or extrapolating them. Both methods are based on use of the finite cardinal series, whose filtering properties were discussed previously, to model signals. They require no prior knowledge about the system under study, but only that the available parts of the signal were oversampled enough. The methods were tested on two types of computer-simulated signal. It proved superior to the linear prediction methods and Lagrange interpolation when applied to signals measured in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The extrapolation method was then applied to restore experimentally-measured refocused FID-signals of a porous medium. The missing parts of the signal of up to several times the size of its Nyquist period could be recovered by either method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The highveld mole-rat, Cryptomys hottentotus pretorine, is a social bathyergid that exhibits a high reproductive skew and occurs in colonies of between S and 14 individuals. Behavinural dominance has previously been assessed in this species using an ordinal ranking procedure and it was found to possess a non-linear dominance hierarchy. The determination of dominance using ordinal ranking is often subjective and cannot deal with ties in rank. This study adapts an objective and robust cardinal assessment method to assign dominance indices to individuals. These indices are then ordered to assign a final rank to each individual within a colony. The non-linear, exponential decay model provided the best fit to data from average cardinal dominance index versus final rank and revealed that colonies contain a single behavinurally-dominant individual. However, final rank could not be predicted on the basis of body mass, sex or assumed reproductive status and is not always statistically significant due to the inherent variation. We propose that the cardinal method of dominance assessment, with the adaptations made in this study, be used in future dominance-related assessments for other bathyergids and social organisms in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by a problem in discrete geometry we investigate the following set of problems. Let X be a set, κ a cardinal number, and H a family that covers each x ∈ X at least κ times. Under what assumptions can we decompose H into k many subcovers? Equivalently, under what assumptions can we colour H by κ many colours so that for each x ∈ X and each colour c there exists H ∈ H of colour c containing x? The assumptions we make can be e.g. that H consists of open, closed, compact, Gσ or convex subsets of ℝn, or intervals in a linearly ordered set, or we can make various restrictions on the cardinality of X, H or elements of H. Besides numerous positive and negative results many questions turn out to be independent of the axioms of set theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title of the paper productively suggests a double-meaning of truth vis-à-vis dialogue. The claim is both that the concept of truth is essential for a comprehensive conception of dialogue, and that dialogue points toward a concept of truth beyond dogmatic infallibity or doxastic relativism. At stake is to show how truth entails an essentially dialogical moment, and dialogue, if conceived philosophically, must entail the concept of truth. In theological as well as philosophical dogmatism, a final (a priori or revealed) truth is assumed. Interesting are positions such as Cardinal Ratzinger/Pope Benedict XVI's or Karl-Otto Apel's "transcendental pragmatics" since they attempt to engage in dialogue yet assume an "infallible" or "ultimately grounded" foundation for their own assumptions. Radically opposed to this infallibilism is the postmodem relativistic view according to which the "groundless grounds" of human understanding make all claims to truth meaningless. Since understanding and dialogue are situated in contingent cultural contexts, as Richard Rorty argues, no ascent to truth is ever possible. The result of our analysis suggests that both positions lead to an insulation of experience from true dialogical challenge. Dogmatic positions miss the dialogical core of truth, as they believe that insulated truth-content remains "true" regardless of engaged and challenged reassertions. Doxastic conceptions miss the truth-relation of dialogue, as they fail to capture the seriousness and intentionality of intersubjective and intercultural dialogue. From these critical points emerges a productive concept of dialogue that entails truth as an open-ended and dynamic, and thereby indispensable, concept. Moreover, our analysis lays out that the basic dialogical notions involve truth, openness, and reciprocity in an interconnected way. Dialogue is unavoidable for truth, as much as truth is intrinsic to dialogue. But the new synthesis of mth and dialogue allows for a pluralistic understanding of mth that still, we hope, remains truthful to its content. As such, it alone can ground a non-relativistic notion of multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers skills and abilities of young children with number in the areas of cardinality and ordinality. Responses to number tasks by a sample of 3- and 4-year-old children are described to outline their differing approaches to determining the numerosity of a set, and to establish their application of ordinality language to describe relative position in a line. The findings identify and categorise the different approaches taken by children when responding to the tasks, offer possible developmental sequences, and make links between these sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a detailed study of what are traditionally called the cardinal virtues: prudence, justice, temperance and fortitude. I defend what I call the Cardinality Thesis, that the traditional four and no others are cardinal. I define cardinality in terms of three sub-theses, the first being that the cardinal virtues are jointly necessary for the possession of every other virtue, the second that each of the other virtues is a species of one of the four cardinals, and the third that many of the other virtues are also auxiliaries of one or more cardinals. I provide abstract arguments for each sub-thesis, followed by illustration from concrete cases. I then use these results to shed light on the two fundamental problems of the acquisition of the virtues and their unity, proving some further theses in the latter case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We say that a space X is dually CCC (respectively, weakly Lindelöf, separable) if for any neighbourhood assignment ϕ on X , there is a CCC (respectively, weakly Lindelöf, separable) subspace Y ⊂ X such that ϕ (Y) = { ϕ (y) : y ∈ Y } covers X. In this paper, we mainly show that (1) A dually CCC first countable Hausdorff space has cardinality at most 2 c and a dually weakly Lindelöf first countable normal space has cardinality at most 2 c. (2) Let Y = ∏ { Y i : i ≤ n } , where Y i is a scattered monotonically normal space for any i = 0 , 1 ,... , n. If a subspace X ⊂ Y is dually CCC then e (X) ≤ ω and a normal subspace X ⊂ Y is DCCC if and only if e (X) ≤ ω. (3) Assume 2 < c = c. A normal dually CCC space X with χ (X) ≤ c has extent at most c. (4) A dually separable Hausdorff space X with a G δ ⁎ -diagonal has extent at most c and a dually separable regular space X with a G δ -diagonal has cardinality at most c. (5) A dually CCC Hausdorff space with a G δ -diagonal has cellularity at most c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eye pigmentation genes have been utilized as visible markers for constructing genetic control prototypes in several insect vectors of human disease. Here, orthologs of two ommochrome pathway genes, kynurenine 3-hydroxylase (kmo) and cardinal, were investigated in Plutella xylostella, a globally distributed, economically important pest of Brassica crops. Results: Both somatic mosaic and germline mutations were efficiently created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and null mutant strains of Pxkmo and Pxcardinal were obtained. A frame-shift mutation in Pxkmo caused yellow compound eyes at adult stage while an in-frame mutation lacking two amino acids resulted in a hypomorphic red eye phenotypes. In contrast, Pxcardinal-deficient moths with a frame-shift mutation exhibited yellow eye pigmentation in newly emerged adults which turned to red as the adults aged. Additionally, differences were observed in the coloration of larval ocelli, brains and testes in Pxkmo and Pxcardinal yellow-eye mutant lines. Conclusions: Our work identifies the important roles of Pxkmo and Pxcardinal in P. xylostella eye pigmentation and provides tools for future genetic manipulation of this important crop pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bal and Kočinac in [2] introduced and studied the class of selectively star-ccc spaces. A space X is called selectively star-ccc if for every open cover U of X and every sequence (A n : n ∈ ω) of maximal pairwise disjoint open families in X there exists a sequence (A n : n ∈ ω) such that A n ∈ A n for every n ∈ ω and St (⋃ n ∈ ω A n , U) = X. In this paper, we prove that: (1) A selectively star-ccc space is DCCC and a selectively star-ccc perfect space is CCC. (2) There exists a pseudocompact (hence, DCCC) space that is not selectively star-ccc. (3) Every selectively star-ccc subspace of the product of finitely many scattered monotonically normal spaces has countable extent. (4) Every selectively star-ccc subspace of ω 1 ω has countable extent. (5) Under 2 ℵ 0 = 2 ℵ 1 , there exists a selectively star-ccc normal space having a regular closed G δ -subset which is not selectively star-ccc. (6) Every first countable selectively star-ccc space with a G δ -diagonal has cardinality at most c. (7) Every selectively star-ccc space with a rank 2-diagonal has cardinality at most c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaze is an important social cue in regulating human and non-human interactions. In this study, we employed an adaptation paradigm to examine the mechanisms underlying the perception of another's gaze. Previous research has shown that the interleaved presentation of leftwards and rightwards gazing adaptor stimuli results in observers judging a wider range of gaze deviations as being direct. We applied a similar paradigm to examine how human observers encode oblique (e.g. upwards and to the left) directions of gaze. We presented observers with interleaved gaze adaptors and examined whether adaptation differed between congruent (adaptor and test along same axis) and incongruent conditions. We find greater adaptation in congruent conditions along cardinal (horizontal and vertical) and non-cardinal (oblique) directions suggesting gaze is not coded alone by cardinal mechanisms. Our results suggest that the functional aspects of gaze processing might parallel that of basic visual features such as orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]