Search

In this editorial of the monograph in Cognitive Sciences: Towards a Cross-cultural Perspective, a thematic review is presented, which accounts for the object of study, disciplines that underpin the interdisciplinary field of problems, and some current lines of research emerging in the field of study, among which four lines of work stand out. Firstly, studies linking cognitive or neurocognitive variables to the challenge of social diversity; secondly, studies examining the effect of cognition and neurophysiology on the formation of social stereotypes, gender; as well as on processes of discrimination or social and cultural inclusion; thirdly, works on the relationship between cognition and rurality; and finally, research that, from educational and social spheres, seeks to reconfigure the personal experience of social processes such as violence and territorial uprooting, towards new narratives of personal and social experience, which contribute to the sense of life of the individual and their community, as experiences that, although painful, can contribute to the relationship between memory and history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a review of Brazilian literature from 2015 to 2020, with the following objectives: a) mapping the recent Brazilian production on acquisition of written language with a focus on cognitive sciences of reading; b) categorize production on the essential components of literacy; c) identify the main trends on the topic; and d) to point out potential areas for the development of the theme. The Periódicos CAPES and SciELO databases were searched for studies related to the six essential components of literacy: phonemic awareness; systematic phonic instruction; fluency in oral reading; vocabulary development; understanding of texts; and written production. After applying the exclusion criteria, 18 references were found, summarized and analyzed by the authors. The results indicate that, among the articles located in the cognitive sciences of reading perspective, works on phonemic or phonological awareness are predominant (13 of the 18 studies reviewed), and this component appears related to other skills for language acquisition. It was also found that most studies (15 out of 18 studies) proved strong or decisive relationships between the development of essential components and the acquisition of written language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a review of the current state of interaction between research into the cognitive sciences and mathematics learning in Argentina. It will firstly outline the main guidelines of Argentina's current educational curricula in regard to the learning of mathematics. Secondly, the results Argentina obtained in international standardized tests are described and research proposals aimed at improving these results are put forward. Finally, the article explores the current lack of interaction between research into cognitive sciences and mathematical education and presents recent proposals that seek to bridge these two areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George Herbert Mead has started to appear systematically in recent discussions on cognitive sciences. This paper reviews and explores the main approaches of the author on embodied cognition, mirror neuron, and language. My goal is to update different lines of research in the Meadian theory of cognition. Additionally, I propose that his most important contributions to the field are the transdisciplinary character of his thought and his constant interest in linking the most theoretical aspects of cognitive sciences with practical social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief homage touches on a few of Annette Karmiloff-Smith's outstanding scholarly contributions in the cognitive sciences, her unique personal attributes and the impact her work and life have had on the author and on many others in the cognitive sciences since she completed her doctoral studies at the University of Geneva in the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative and exploratory research analyzed how prior knowledge may influence the learning processes. The research was conducted through the analysis of learning procedures carried out by individuals using material with content they master and material content they do not master. Six participants were interviewed individually at length on the ways in which they related to both texts. Results suggest that prior consolidated knowledge is a major influence on learning process, affecting information recognition, learning speed, participants' metacognitive capacity, the need of informational support to maintain learning process and aspects of instructional support regarding formal teaching situations. In addition, results indicate the importance of teaching actions, especially the diagnostic facet of learning evaluation, to improve learning opportunities to learners reach a mastery level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, several softwares have been designed to help the development of experiments in cognitive sciences. The offer of user friendly software would help beginners in their first tests. However, it brought new problems and questions. Which software should one use? Which one is more adequate for my research and why? The present paper brings a quick and panoramic review on computer science, programming languages and on the presentation of visual stimuli. Through these three topics, I intend to promote a discussion (i) on the main types of software for stimulation in cognitive sciences, (ii) on the importance of being attentive to the hardware specifications and (iii) on some compatibility issues between software-hardware-method as independent variables in our experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Literary Criticism & Literary Creation" faz parte de uma compilação de ensaios e críticas reunidos no volume Consciousness and the Novel, de David Lodge, publicado em 2002. Académico, ensaísta, crítico literário e romancista, Lodge nasceu em Londres em 1935. Como explica o autor no prefácio, a sua vida profissional foi, desde sempre, uma alternância entre a escrita de romances e a crítica literária, tendo orientado estas atividades através de uma reflexão sobre as várias teorias literárias que foram surgindo a par do seu próprio percurso. Simultaneamente, e enveredando pelo campo das ciências cognitivas, o autor estabelece uma analogia entre a criação literária e o modelo de consciência. Neste ensaio, e ao mesmo tempo que evoca algumas das vozes mais influentes no domínio da crítica literária, o autor vai tecendo correlações e revelando a aplicação que faz, nos seus próprios romances, dessas mesmas teorias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a connection between the methods of inference and its representation in deterministic expert system as artificial cognitive system. It includes the methodology used in its development. The product of the research is the proposal that specifically, link induction, deduction, abduction and analogy in the construction of an expert system, presenting an integrative and interdisciplinary view of epistemology, research methodology and symbolic Artificial Intelligence technology. Finally, some reflections are exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of heuristics has been proposed (and criticized) as a tool to solve the frame problem. The goals of this paper are to provide a clarification of the philosophical literature and to attempt to solve the remaining debates by considering the available empirical evidence. After distinguishing various aspects of the frame problem, we analyze the philosophical disputes around the issue. We, then, discuss the relevant empirical evidence from cognitive psychology. We argue that the heuristics can be useful to solve only one aspect of the frame problem and this solution will be limited by several restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entender o comportamento do consumidor em uma sociedade marcada pela complexidade é uma tarefa desafiadora. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar quais são as novas informações que podem ser obtidas por meio do neuromarketing e se elas ajudam na elucidação do conhecimento sobre os consumidores. O método de investigação adotado foi uma pesquisa exploratória envolvendo levantamento bibliográfico e investigação de campo com pesquisas em profundidade envolvendo especialistas nacionais e internacionais. Concluise ao final que o neuromarketing - ou a aplicação da neurociência na área de marketing - pode oferecer ganhos no entendimento das reações dos consumidores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the epistemological basis of neuropsychology is done in order to clarify its foundations and its dual status as a discipline rooted in biology and psychology. This work is justified from two fundamental issues that are faced by neuropsychology: from an external perspective based on the upswing of certain disciplines, which by definition seem to have similar subjects of study to neuropsychology; however, given the complexity of the study of the relationship between the behavior and the brain, it leads to a duplicity of efforts that do not add anything to the understanding of the subject matter. On the other hand, from an internal perspective, the main issue appears when diverse theoretical positions are presented within neuropsychology as schools that must stand as if they were the only perspective. To provide a tentative answer, this paper reviews three theoretical approaches within neuropsychology: Russian reflexology and the cultural-historical perspective, connectionism, and cognitive neuropsychology. The conclusion leads towards a set of principles that, as a proposal, should guide the discipline development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past twenty years, growing numbers of researchers have sought to steer cognitive science in a new direction. These researchers have emphasized the body's role in cognition. Although the precise nature of this role often receives only vague description, perfectly clear is the idea that, whatever this role, the time has come for cognitive science to abandon old conceptions of the mind in favor of something new; and formerly trusted methods for its investigation must give way to novel techniques. This article will first present a brief description of the computational conception of mind against which embodied cognition typically positions itself. Following that will be a discussion of various research projects that embodied cognitivists take to challenge this computational conception. In conclusion, the chapter offers an assessment of the embodied challenge to computational cognitive science and considers its future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the categorization as an activity that constitutes Librarianship and Information Science (LIS).

The role of the psychology and sociology of information is discussed in the five main interdisciplinary areas of library and information science: information services management, information systems engineering, information retrieval, information structure and dynamics, and information science theory. In recent years, after the impact of technological change has been progressively accommodated, psychological and sociological perspectives are assuming a growing importance in our discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an approach to the sense of evolution applied to humans, he examines the concept of consciousness and explores the significance of their evolutionary emergence. From this analysis reveals three issues: what is the mode of evolution of consciousness, what is its function and phylogenetic advantage for the development of the human species and what their origin. In the end, it proposes a dualistic hypothesis as an alternative naturalistic explanation of these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we will see how the cognitive sciences, the neurosciences, the STS studies, the informal scientific education, etc., offer new possibilities of advance in the field of the concepts, procedures and attitudes learning and we will also see other perspectives that enlarge the usual domain of sciences education. Finally, it is shown how teaching models should take into account these dimensions of sciences learning, to contribute to the solution of the new problems about science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history and actuality of interdisciplinary conceptions in the science's context are examined. The interdisciplinary character of information analysis is studied, since its instauration in field of knowledge, principally in relation to paradigm of complexity. The nexus between information analysis and Cognitive Sciences are exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s, cognitive analysis of public policies has become increasingly fashionable. This paper examines this current in public policy and its relationship to other cognitive sciences such as neurosurgery, cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. We ask what kinds of theoretical transfer have taken place between these to date. After defining four theories of public-policy analysis as a function of their cognitive content cases of integration of these cognitive sciences within social sciences, we argue that, in most of cases, such analysis does not tend to apply the concepts if cognitive sciences to their field in any real way but rather uses them as metaphors. Nevertheless, in some cases, assumptions of cognitive sciences are used to explain the development of public policy. These cases are extremely interesting since they shed a new light on rationality by proposing an alternative vision of policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertext and story seem to have clearly opposite structures: story is linear whole hypertext is non-linear. How can then hypertext fictions be constructed? We compare here the structure of classic narrative and of hypertext and explore the importance of sequence. To solve the apparent opposition, we consider the structure of our memory, where sequential and non-sequential relations are present. We found so multiple suggestion that can help us to explain how to build an hypernovel. Finally, we show how and why hypertext fiction can be used for learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims to show the way E. Husserl approaches the phenomenology of consciousness. For that purpose, there is an initial reflection about intentionality, a foundational concept of phenomenology. Subsequently, an explanation of the phenomenological reduction and of the region of the pure consciousness is developed. Finally, as a conclusion, there are brief commentaries about some variants phenomenology has adopted in addition to the possibilities it offers to cognitive studies on consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this essay is to offer a Wide view of the diverse currents of thought and debates that have emerged due to the so called: "naturalistic program in epistemology and the philosophy of science". The cognitive sciences have been of great importance due to their relationship to thought, and to the fact that philosophy has been, from the beginning, part of the interdisciplinary frame that groups: cognitive science, computer science, neurology, anthropology, psychology and linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Sciences have exerted an important influence in the development of communication theories as well as in the field of semiology in the last two decades. In this paper we analyse the factors that seem to determine the semiotic process in the light of our previous research on the cognitive explanation of communication phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]