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The mathematical theory of elasticity helps in the study of physical quantities in the problem of structures. The structures face the problem of crack's presence, which makes the problem difficult but not impossible to deal. Integral equations are useful in a variety of problems. Integral equations are used to solve problems like fracture mechanics or fracture design. The physical interest in the fracture design criterion is due to stress and crack opening displacement components. We have an accurate form of stress and displacement components for a pair of longitudinal crack propagations in the bone fracture of the human body at the interface of an isotropic and orthotropic half-space that are bounded together in the proposed study. The expression was calculated using the Fourier transform approach near the crack tips, but these components were evaluated using Fredholm integral equations and subsequently reduced to coupled Fredholm integral equations. We employ the Lowengrub and Sneddon problem in this research and reduce it to triple integral equations. The Srivastava and Lowengrub method reduces the solution of these equations to a coupled Fredholm integral equation. The problem is further reduced to a decoupled Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Triple integral equations are solved, and the problem is reduced to a coupled Fredholm integral equation. The Fredholm integral equation is solved and reduced to a decoupled Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Stress and crack opening displacement components drive physical interest in fracture design criteria. Finally, the stress and displacement components may be simply calculated in their exact form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Globally, harmful substance use is among the leading causes of premature deaths in the general population, and most of these behaviours are initiated during pre‐adolescence to young adulthood. Preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people is thus a global health priority. Diverse school‐based interventions have been implemented in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMICs); however, evidence regarding their theoretical underpinnings and core components is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the underlying (social/behavioural) theories, models or frameworks (TMF) and core (practical) components of school‐based interventions in LMICs aimed at preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people. Methods: Using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for conducting scoping reviews, we searched scientific literature databases for articles published from 1995 to 2022. A further search was conducted using the reference lists of included articles. We selected randomized and non‐randomized trials of school‐based interventions in LMICs that aimed at preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people. We used Covidence software to screen titles and abstracts, as well as full texts. We then extracted the data and analysed it using a descriptive content analysis approach. Two reviewers conducted the screening, extraction and data analysis and discussed discrepancies, and clarified doubts and uncertainties through consultation with the other team members. Findings: A total of 58 articles were included in the review. Most articles (63.8%) used either a single or combination of two or more TMFs to inform their interventions. The most widely used TMF was social learning theory followed by theory of planned behaviour. We identified six core components of substance use prevention interventions: education, school environment, school policy, parental involvement, peer engagement and counselling. Conclusion: This scoping review outlines the core components of school‐based substance use prevention interventions used in low‐and‐middle‐income countries and the common theories, models or frameworks that underpin the design of those interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) after surgery. Methods: This study included 353 patients who had undergone surgery. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected. Subgroup, mixed-model regression, score systems, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed. Results: Overall, 353 inpatients were assigned to the poor outcome group (n = 69) and control group (n = 284) with or without MetS. Compared to the control group, the incidence of MetS was higher in the poor outcome group. Poor outcomes were present in 0%, 4.4%, 12.3%, 47.6%, 71.4%, and 100% of the six groups who met the diagnostic criteria for MetS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times, respectively. For multivariable logistic regression, Body mass index (BMI) quartiles remained risk factors for poor outcomes after adjustment for other risk factors. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the MetS was found to be an independent risk factor in several models. Assigning a score of one for each component, the AUC was 0.877 (95%CI: 0.823–0.923) in all patients, 0.864 (95%CI: 0.7945–0.935) in MetS, and 0.700 (95%CI: 0.567–0.833) in non-MetS by receiver operating characteristic. Conclusion: MetS, especially BMI, confer a greater risk of poor outcomes in ATAAD after surgery during the 3-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colostrum replacement products (CRP) for use in goat kids are sourced from bovine colostrum and often used by producers to supplement or replace maternal colostrum to prevent infections. To compare the CRP fed on farm to caprine colostrum a cross-sectional study was undertaken. Ontario dairy goat producers were asked to collect first milking colostrum from their goats and samples of the reconstituted commercial replacement product currently in use. The frozen samples were thawed and submitted for testing of fat, protein, and lactose content, IgG1 concentration, and aerobic bacterial culture. Compared with caprine colostrum, the reconstituted replacement products were lower in protein (11.7%), and fat (4.6%) and higher in lactose (5.4%) on average. The average IgG1 concentration in goat colostrum (53.5 g/L; range: 16.6–1,985.8) was significantly higher than in CRP (33.7 g/L; range: 10.7–55.3). The Brix cut point for good quality goat colostrum (50 g/L) was calculated at 23% (sensitivity = 69.6%, specificity = 88.0%) for goat colostrum and 26% for the CRP (sensitivity = 87.5%, specificity = 100%). The average aerobic bacteria count for goat colostrum was lower (2.95 log10 cfu/mL) than the CRP samples that were cultured (3.85 log10 cfu/mL). Further investigation into CRP, including on-farm storage of opened powdered product and mixing and storage of reconstituted product, is warranted. Variability in the levels of IgG1; aerobic bacterial growth; and fat, protein, and lactose content in CRP also requires further exploration to determine their effects on kid health. The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The efficacy of psychological interventions for bipolar disorder (BD) is well established, but much remains unknown about how change occurs. The primary objective of this exploratory study was to audit what is known about active components and mechanisms of action of psychological interventions for BD. Method: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42022323276). Two independent reviewers screened references from four databases and extracted data from eligible studies. Results: We included four component studies, six studies with mediation analyses and 26 studies presenting subjective experiences of how psychological interventions bring change. Ten mediators were examined across six studies, with only one putative mediator, medication adherence, tested in more than one study. Some initial support for mediation of varied outcomes by control over thoughts, positive non‐verbal behaviour, self‐esteem, post‐trauma growth and medication adherence. Some preliminary support was found in two components, human support and IPT. Studies exploring participant experiences of therapeutic change enumerated a range of potential active components, mechanisms of action and contextual factors potentially warranting investigation in future research. However, the evidence base for active components and mechanisms of action in psychological interventions for BD is unsatisfactory. Findings were inconsistent, studies homogenous with significant methodological limitations and statistical approaches failed to meet quality criteria. Conclusions: Preliminary identification of potential components and mechanisms via qualitative analyses and the insights emerging from this review will inform future research aimed at investigating how psychological interventions work in BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial pigments have extensive applications in the food, cosmetic, and biopharmaceutical industries. In this study, a pigment-rich actinomycete identified as Streptomyces tauricus was isolated from soil, and the solubility and stability of its were investigated. The pigment was separated and purified through thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine its components. The chemical structure of the pigment was characterized through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS–MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, the antioxidant properties and safety profile of the pigment were assessed. The S. tauricus pigment was bright, vivid brownish-red, intracellular, and fat-soluble; it exhibited considerable photothermal stability and maintained its color below pH 7. The presence of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ ions markedly influenced the pigment's characteristics. The pigment comprised primarily purple and orange components. The purple component, which is relatively rare in microbial sources, was subjected to detailed study. The core structure of the purple component was identified as methylbenzanthracene dione, which has high antioxidant activity and no toxicity in brine shrimp assays. Due to its resilience to high temperatures and acidic environments, coupled with its bioactivity and lack of toxicity, this pigment may serve as a promising candidate for various industrial and food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of economic level, people's requirements for environmental facilities for leisure and entertainment are constantly improving. The water environment of swimming pool is directly related to people's safety and health. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of swimming pool water and give people a safer and more comfortable swimming environment. The photocatalytic assembly was numerical simulated with different internal structures using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) numerical simulation software. The simulation results show that the radiation flux of scheme 14B ( shell diameter of 200 mm, 14 quartz tubes, quartz tube diameter of 30 mm, inner center distance of 28 mm, outer center distance of 76 mm) is evenly distributed. When the inlet flow is 12 m³/ h, more than 90% of the velocity is greater than 0. 1 m/ s, reaching a turbulent state which is conducive to mass transmission, promotes photocatalytic reaction and improve the sterilization effect. The inlet and outlet position of the end cavity has little effect on the fluid in the component, and its position can be determined according to the site installation requirements. The radiation field is evenly distributed when the minimum basic unit of the quartz tube in the component is positively triangular cycle distribution and the center spacing of the inner tube is 52 mm. The results provide technical support for the development of swimming pool water sterilization equipment and lay the foundation for the development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a pivotal transdiagnostic risk factor in psychopathology, is defined as a dispositional incapacity to withstand uncertainty distress, driving maladaptive cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions to uncertainty. However, the intricate interplay among these components, particularly in adolescents, remains underexplored; yet understanding this interplay is crucial for supporting mental health. To address this gap, we employed a network approach to conceptualize IU in 5672 non‐clinical Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.13 years, SDage = 1.96 years, range = 10–19 years, 46.6% boys), combining graphical Gaussian models (GGM) and directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Our analyses revealed a tripartite network comprising cognitive, behavioural and emotional components. Notably, ‘frustration’ and ‘work with hindrance’ emerged as key drivers, while ‘catastrophizing belief’ served as a critical bridge linking different components. These findings underscore the importance of alleviating uncertainty‐induced frustration and enhancing coping skills for behavioural impediments to mitigate adolescent IU. Additionally, therapeutic interventions should prioritize modifying and re‐evaluating catastrophizing beliefs related to uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC link capacitors (DCLCs) are key devices in converters. The relative humidity affects the performance of the elements of a DCLC. Currently, there are relatively few studies on the effect of relative humidity on the electrical characteristics of the elements of DCLCs during the production process. This study describes the effects and the control of the relative humidity in the production process. For this purpose, a DCLC component withstand voltage test platform and a DCLC component aging test platform were established. The voltage withstand tests were conducted during different processes and at different relative humidities, and life aging tests were conducted at different relative humidities and different storage times. The results show that after the winding and metal-spraying processes, the voltage withstand levels of the components stored at 30% RH, 60% RH, and 80% RH were very close to that of the components at 3000 VDC; after the heat-setting process, the voltage withstand levels of the components stored at 30% RH, 60% RH, and 80% RH showed a decreasing tendency compared with the level of the components at 3000 VDC. Regarding the samples, after the heat-setting process, stored at 30% RH and 60% RH for 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, 240 h, and 336 h and 2000 h of the aging tests, the capacitance decreases monotonically as the storage time is increased but never exceeds 3%, and the capacitance change decreases as the relative humidity increases. This study can provide important guidance for the humidity control of various processes in the production of DCLCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have primarily focused on the links between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and bone health among the general population instead of PM2.5 components and the specific population. We aimed to investigate the associations between PM2.5 components and bone health among middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: A total of 748 middle-aged and elderly women were randomly sampled from 32 streets/villages in Hubei Province. The concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and its components were extracted across various residential areas from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Bone mineral density measurements were obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of study participants. Multivariable logistic and linear models were employed to assess the relationship between PM2.5 and its components and bone loss. Results: Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations were associated with 1.65 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.13, 2.30] and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.49) times higher odds of osteoporosis, respectively. Long-term exposure to sulfate (SO42−), NO3−, and NH4+ was negatively associated with T-scores and bone mineral density in L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae. In addition, the elderly, women who have experienced menarche after the age of 14, and postmenopausal women were more susceptible to the water-soluble inorganic salts of PM2.5. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive policies addressing air quality, with a specific focus on vulnerable populations such as middle-aged and elderly women. Public health interventions aimed at reducing ambient PM2.5 concentrations and minimizing exposure to its harmful components are crucial in mitigating the adverse impact on skeletal health and improving the overall well-being of communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, sesame hull oil (SHO) was extracted to characterise its composition. SHO was heated to determine the volatiles and their effect on the quality of cold‐pressed dehulled sesame oil (SO). Seventeen fatty acids, four lignans (1088.65 mg/100 g), tocopherols (284.17 mg/100 g) mainly in the γ‐form, and sterol (1722.16 mg/100 g, 4.67 times more than in sesame kernel oil) were detected in SHO. After heating, the volatiles found in SHO were mainly aldehydes and acids, represented by hexanal (fatty, green aroma) and 3‐methyl‐butanoic acid (fatty, rancid aroma), respectively. The acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value, and turbidity of SO increased significantly after adding SHO, and the scavenging ability of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was enhanced. The oxidation induction times of SO with the addition of SHO ranged from 8.93 to 9.53 h. The present study provides information about SHO and a new direction for the utilisation of sesame hulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ecological networks, cohesive groups of species may shape the evolution of interactions, serving as coevolutionary units. Ranging across network scales, from motifs to isolated components, elucidating which cohesive groups are more determinant for coevolution remains a challenge in ecology. We address this challenge by integrating 376 empirical mutualistic and antagonistic networks and coevolutionary models. We identified cohesive groups at four network scales containing a significant proportion of potential direct coevolutionary effects. Cohesive groups displayed hierarchical organisation, and potential coevolutionary effects overflowing lower‐scale groups were contained by higher‐scale groups, underscoring the hierarchy's impact. However, indirect coevolutionary effects blurred group boundaries and hierarchy, particularly under strong selection from ecological interactions. Thus, under strong selection, indirect effects render networks themselves, and not cohesive groups, as the likely coevolutionary units of ecological systems. We hypothesise hierarchical cohesive groups to also shape how other forms of direct and indirect effects propagate in ecological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of continuing scientific and technological progress, electromagnetic waves have become increasingly pervasive across a variety of domains, particularly within the microwave frequency range. These waves have found extensive applications in wireless communications, high-frequency electronic circuits, and several related fields. As a result, absorptive materials have become indispensable for dual-use applications across both the military and civilian domains because of their exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption properties. This paper, beginning with the operating mechanisms of absorptive materials, aims to provide an overview of the strategies that have been used to enhance the absorption performance of iron-based magnetic absorbers (IBMAs) and discuss the current research status of absorptive material components. The fabrication of a ferromagnetic absorber in terms of morphology, heterointerface coupling, and macrostructural enhancements and the effect of powder characteristics on their electromagnetic properties are discussed. Additionally, the application of IBMAs in elastomers is summarized. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations of existing ferromagnetic absorber materials and offers a perspective on their potential future developments. The objective of the ongoing research is to fabricate absorptive components that have thin profiles, lightweight construction, wide absorption frequency ranges, and strong absorption capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the components of the fuel composition of dispersion nuclear fuel is a non-fissile material (matrix), which ensures its high radiation resistance. Despite the fact that dispersion nuclear fuel is used in reactors of various purposes (research, power, nuclear power plants, etc.), the operating conditions of which vary significantly, there are a number of requirements that must be taken into account when choosing the matrix material. Metals (aluminum and zirconium, as well as their alloys) have found wide application as matrix material in the production of dispersion-type fuel elements for research reactors and reactors of naval nuclear power plants (NPPs). Stainless steel matrix is used in dispersion nuclear fuel in power reactor plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a common and recurrent condition with a rising global incidence. Stones typically develop in the upper urinary tract, primarily the kidneys. Various factors such as age, gender, diet, fluid intake, climate, occupation, genetics, and metabolic diseases influence stone formation. Stones can vary in size and location, causing obstruction, urine stasis, and complications such as infection. The prevalence of urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia has significantly increased in recent decades, and the study aims to determine the current prevalence and composition trends of urolithiasis, guide treatment and prevention strategies, as well as understand predictors of occurrence and recurrence. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective cohort study where the data was collected in the time frame of 2015-2021. The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery and the Division of Urology at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: The study reveals significant trends in the sociodemographic profile and clinical aspects of urolithiasis patients. With a higher incidence among males (68.5%). Stone compositions predominantly consist of calcium oxalate (67.8%) and uric acid (19.7%), while site distribution shows the left kidney as the most common location (36.5%). Notably, hypertensive patients exhibit a significant association with stone site (P = 0.014). Encouragingly, the majority of patients do not experience reoccurrence (91.6%), and the study demonstrates an increasing recurrence rate with subsequent visits. The relatively shorter hospital stays (55.9% with 1-day stays) indicate efficient management, and this knowledge can aid in optimizing patient care. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the multifaceted nature of urolithiasis by examining various facets. Low recurrence rate of kidney stones offers positive prospects for effective initial management. The shorter hospital stays, suggest advancements in medical practices, enhancing patient convenience and healthcare resource optimization. Investigating the underlying causes behind the observed stone compositions yield insights into potential preventive strategies. Furthermore, extended studies examining the impact of lifestyle modifications and medical interventions on stone recurrence could contribute to refined treatment protocols. These findings can guide healthcare professionals in optimizing patient care, preventive strategies, and future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Hueter-Anterior Approach (HAA) with its limited soft tissue and internervous dissection has been shown to be an effective approach for primary total hip and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients requiring revision of HRA to total hip replacement using the HAA, assessing function and complications. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained research database. Between 2006 and 2015, 555 primary metal-on-metal (MoM) HRAs were performed via the HAA; we identified 33 hips in 30 patients that required revisions for aseptic causes to THA: aseptic loosening of acetabulum in 12 and femoral in 7, 10 for pseudotumour/ALTR, 4 for femoral neck fracture. All revision surgeries were performed through a HAA by a single surgeon who had also performed the index operation. PROMs were collected preoperatively and yearly at various timepoints postoperatively. Results: The mean age at time of revision was 48.9 years (±5.3 SD) for 22 males (67%) and 11 females (33%). The mean time to revision surgery/failure of hip resurfacing was 3.3 years (±2.4 SD). There were 5 major reoperations with 3 infections, 1 acetabular loosening and 1 trunnionosis. There were significant improvements in multiple PROMs. Conclusions: The HAA is a viable surgical approach for revision of HRA with smaller initial HRA acetabular components generally requiring a relatively larger acetabular compoent at time of revision. Patients reported improvement in symptoms and function and a lower risk of subsequent reoperation than what has previously been reported for failed MoM bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Water and nitrogen are known as the two main limiting factors in achieving maximum yield in agriculture. Therefore, the use of nitrogen fertilizer plays a significant role in increasing agricultural production. However, the indiscriminate use of these fertilizers may be due to their low efficiency. Therefore, investigating the challenges of water scarcity and improper nitrogen use management is crucial. In this study, considering the challenges of water scarcity and improper nitrogen use management, an investigation has been conducted. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Agriculture Faculty of Shirvan Azad University during the agricultural year of 1399-1400. The experiment was carried out in the form of strip plots in three replicates and in a complete randomized block design. Three levels of 50%, 75%, and 100% of plant water requirement were considered as the main plot and five levels of zero (N0), 100 (N100), 200 (N200), 300 (N300), and 400 (N400) Kg/ha-1 nitrogen were considered in the subplots. Results: Most measured traits related to yield components had higher values during the second year in comparison with the first year of the experiment. Moreover, plant height, grain weight, rows per cob and kernels per row in the 100% water requirement were greater compared with the 50% water requirement treatment. As a result of 400 Kg/ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer application, plant height, rows per cob, kernels per row, 100-grain weight and biological yield increased by 24.4%, 24.6%, 23.8%, 24% and 24.2% compared with the nitrogenfree treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application leads to an improvement in yield and yield components. The only factor that decreased with increased water supply was water use efficiency. Grain yield under 100% water requirement was 38% more than that of 50% water requirement treatment. The difference between 100% and 50% water requirement treatments in terms of the biological yield was 49.5% in the first and 24% in the second year. Also, increased nitrogen fertilizer application led to increased grain yield. However, no significant difference was observed between 300 and 400 Kg/ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer treatments, especially in the second year. Therefore, a 300 Kgha-1 fertilizer application is recommended to achieve a suitable yield. Fertilizer use efficiency was affected by water requirement so that nitrogen use efficiency under 100% water requirement supply at a given nitrogen fertilizer level (e.g. 100 Kg ha-1 ) was significantly higher than that of 50% water requirement conditions. Under 100 Kg ha-1 nitrogen application, nitrogen use efficiency in 100% water requirement treatment was 111.5 and in 50% water requirement treatment was 74.3 Kg ha-1 . Thus, nitrogen use efficiency declined by 33% due to decreased water use. Therefore, it can be concluded that in conditions where sufficient water is not available for irrigation, farmers should not use excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer because it has little efficiency and only leads to environmental pollution and waste fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the underground coal-gasification process, Aspen Plus software was used to simulate the lignite underground gasification process, and a variety of unit operation modules were selected and combined with the kinetic equations of coal underground gasification. The model can reflect the complete gasification process of the coal underground gasifier well, and the simulation results are more in line with the experimental results of the lignite underground gasification model test. The changes in the temperature and pressure of oxygen, gasification water, spray water, and syngas in pipelines were studied, and the effects of pipe diameters on pipeline conveying performance were investigated as well. The effects of the oxygen/water ratio, processing capacity, and spray-water volume on the components of syngas and components in different reaction zones were studied. In addition, the change tendency of gasification products under different conditions was researched. The results indicate that: (1) The depth of injection and the formation pressure at that depth need to be taken into account to determine a reasonable injection pressure. (2) The liquid-water injection process should select a lower injection pressure. (3) Increasing the oxygen/water ratio favors H2 production and decreasing the oxygen/water ratio favors CH4 production. (4) The content of CO2 is the highest in the oxidation zone, the lowest in the reduction zone, and then increases a little in the methanation reaction zone for the transform reaction. The content of CO is the lowest in the oxidation zone and the highest in the reduction zone. In the methanation reaction zone, CO partially converts into H2 and CO2, and the content of CO is reduced. (5) The injection of spray water does not affect the components of the gas but will increase the water vapor content in the gas; thus, this changes the molar fraction of the wet gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on the comparative construction between the variables of the ECLO work climate assessment and the different evaluation instruments of the work environment recognized in the market and implemented in companies due to the need to preserve adequate management in the mental health of employees, since they compromise the work climate and generate various effects on the progress of companies. Consequently, the development of the work was carried out through the methodology of systematic analysis comparing the variables of the different instruments and establishing the potential of each tool to measure organizational conditions. Allowing in this way to determine that ECLO has a great evaluative advantage over the other tests due to its wide content of components, which allow it to investigate several organizational aspects. The instruments share evaluation components, allowing for a comprehensive overview of organizational components to make managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to identify, examine, and analyze the factors affecting spirituality in the architecture of religious-cultural places from the perspective of experts and finally explain them in a model. The results generally indicate that physical, sensory, socio-individual, and functional components play a significant role in the creation/enhancement of a sense of spirituality in the architecture of religious places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field trial was carried out during the wet season of 2023 at the Research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kafanchan campus to study the effect of intra-row spacing on the yield components and yield of soybean in Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The treatment consisted of ten (10) intra-row spacings (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100cm) laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The inter-row spacing was 50cm. Each plot consisted of three 400cm-long ridges, with an alley of 100cm between plots and 100cm between replications. The results indicated that intra-row spacing significantly affected the height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of soybean. The 10cm intra-row spacing had significantly higher grain yield than the other treatments, except the 40cm intra-row spacing. The 10cm intra-row spacing was recommended for farmers in the study area as it has the likely advantage of suppressing weeds and leaving more land available for cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many cities worldwide are at the frontline of environmental challenges during their future planning. Navi Mumbai presents many opportunities to move a city toward sustainability. The land is scarce for development purposes in Mumbai, which has resulted in the creation of the suburban area of Navi Mumbai. As the latter has numerous water bodies and drainage channels, which lie in the ecosensitive zone, to stop organic development, the environmental suitability index along with the accessibility index needs to be assessed to promote future organized growth. The present study investigated the planning of the new areas and assessed environmental suitability and accessibility for various zones seeking future development. The analytical derivation of the environmental suitability index was based on the parameters, subindex, and attributes of environmental issues in that area. The parameters included (1) soil permeability, (2) water-holding capacity, (3) porosity, (4) properties of groundwater and marine water, (5) properties of air, and (6) noise. The entire area was divided into five zones for the current work. The analytical framework was a developed methodology of indices calculated from five monitoring stations obtained from the City and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra Limited, India (CIDCO). The accessibility parameters of the transportation network were measured using alpha indices (α). Finally, a nondominated sorting algorithm was used to obtain final suitability based on the Pareto optimality condition. The development suitability of an area was obtained by computing the environmental suitability index and accessibility index. This computation decides which of the five stations is best for which type of planning. The study developed a dimension-wise suitability index for Navi Mumbai, aiming to streamline the planning process and integrate policies essential for planning to attain sustainable development for Navi Mumbai. During future planning, policymakers and planners have often ignored environmental aspects in ecofragile areas. Hence, planning for new development in ecofragile areas has often been haphazard, piecemeal, and organic. The framework adopted in this paper, combining the environmental suitability index and the accessibility index, intended to assess the area's health and prescribe future actions to reduce the negative environmental impacts of development and regulate the same. The paper showed how data on soil, water, groundwater, air, and noise can be used in a simple mathematical model to compute the environmental suitability index of an area. Similarly, graph-theoretic measures of the whole transportation network can measure the accessibility index of the area. Finally, the development suitability of the area can be calculated by combining the environmental suitability index and the accessibility index. The level of domination result signifies the most suitable station/node for different types of development. Based on the results, policymakers and planners can determine an ecofragile area's future land use development as required. This model can further be adopted by local governing authorities to plan for zoning, zoning regulations, and approval of a proposed development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blending hydrogen with natural gas (NG) is an efficient method for transporting hydrogen on a large scale at a low cost. The manifold at the NG initial station is an important piece of equipment that enables the blending of hydrogen with NG. However, there are differences in the components and component contents of imported NG from different countries. The components of hydrogen-blended NG can affect the safety and efficiency of transportation through pipeline systems. Therefore, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the blending process and changes in the thermodynamic properties of four imported NGs and hydrogen in the manifold. The higher the heavy hydrocarbon content in the imported NG, the longer the distance required for the gas to mix uniformly with hydrogen in the pipeline. Hydrogen blending reduces the temperature and density of NG. The gas composition is the main factor affecting the molar calorific value of a gas mixture, and hydrogen blending reduces the molar calorific value of NG. The larger the content of high-molar calorific components in the imported NG, the higher the molar calorific value of the gas after hydrogen blending. Increasing both the temperature and hydrogen mixing ratio reduces the Joule-Thomson coefficient of the hydrogen-blended NG. The results of this study provide technical references for the transport of hydrogen-blended NG. • The blending process and thermodynamic properties of hydrogen and natural gas in the manifold are investigated. • An increase in the component content of heavy hydrocarbons in natural gas increases the distance of gas mixing uniformly. • The components of natural gas affect the transportation and thermodynamic properties of hydrogen-blended natural gas. • Hydrogen injection decreases density, molar calorific value, viscosity, and Joule-Thomson coefficient of natural gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Promoting safe and efficient transitions of care is critical to reducing readmission rates and associated costs and improving the quality of patient care. A growing body of literature suggests that transitional care (TC) programs are effective in improving quality of life and reducing unplanned readmissions for several patient groups. TC programs are highly complex and multidimensional, requiring evidence on how specific practices and system characteristics influence their effectiveness in patient care, readmission reduction and costs. Methods: Using a systematic review and a configurational approach, the study examines the role played by system characteristics (size, ownership, professional skills, technology used), the organizational components implemented, analyzing their combinations, and the potential economic impact of TC programs. Results: The more organizational components are implemented, the greater the likelihood that a TC program will be successful in reducing readmission rates. Not all components have the same effect. The results show that certain components, 'post-discharge symptom monitoring and management' and 'discharge planning', are necessary but not sufficient to achieve the outcome. The results indicate the existence of two different combinations of components that can be considered sufficient for the reduction of readmissions. Furthermore, while system characteristics are underexplored, the study shows different ways of incorporating the skill mix of professionals and their mode of coordination in TC programs. Four organizational models emerge: the health-based monocentric, the social-based monocentric, the multidisciplinary team and the mono-specialist team. The economic impact of the programs is generally positive. Despite an increase in patient management costs, there is an overall reduction in all post-intervention costs, particularly those related to readmissions. Conclusions: The results underline the importance of examining in depth the role of system characteristics and organizational factors in facilitating the creation of a successful TC program. The work gives preliminary insights into how to systematize organizational practices and different coordination modes for facilitating decision-makers' choices in TC implementation. While there is evidence that TC programs also have economic benefits, the quality of economic evaluations is relatively low and needs further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When considering the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), lowering the operating temperature has become one of the key issues urgently to be solved. Magnetron sputtering (MS) because of its versatility and ability to control composition and microstructure, is widely used in the preparation and modification of SOFC components to improve performance and durability under low temperatures. This review strives to provide a systematic summary on MS in the field of SOFC component manufacturing in the reduction of operating temperature. Initially, MS mechanism is presented and a detailed comparison of different MS methods is discussed based on target power. Besides, the application of MS for intermediate temperature (IT) and low temperature (LT) SOFC components is emphasized. Finally, the fabrication of half-sputtered and all-sputtered thin-film SOFCs with high performance at low operating temperatures is described emphatically. • Comprehensive review focuses on magnetron sputtering for reducing SOFCs temperature. • The mechanism and the classification of magnetron sputtering (MS) are discussed. • Different strategies for manufacturing SOFC components by MS are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While dyslipidemia has been recognized as a potential risk factor for hyperuricemia, there is currently a dearth of large-scale data specifically focused on studying the relationship between these two conditions. To address this gap, the present study analyzed a dataset of 298,891 physical examination records to investigate in greater detail the clinical classification and compositional relationship between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia. Methods: For this investigation, a cross-sectional research design was utilized to analyze physical examination data that was gathered from Yijishan Hospital in Wuhu, China between 2011 and 2016. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the association between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia was evaluated based on the clinical classifications of dyslipidemia and its components. Results: A total of 298,891 participants from China (124,886 [41.8%] females) were included in the study, with an age range of 18 to 90 years (mean [SD]: 47.76 [13.54] years). In multivariate analysis, the odds of hyperuricemia was 1.878 times higher in patients with dyslipidemia compared to those without dyslipidemia (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.835–1.922). In the clinical classification of dyslipidemia, individuals with hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia had 1.753 times (95% CI: 1.706–1.802) and 1.925 times (95% CI: 1.870–1.982) higher odds of hyperuricemia, respectively, compared to those without dyslipidemia. Among the components of dyslipidemia, the odds ratios for hyperuricemia in individuals in the fourth quartile compared to those in the first quartile were 3.744 (95% CI: 3.636–3.918) for triglycerides, 1.518 (95% CI: 1.471–1.565) for total cholesterol, and 1.775 (95% CI: 1.718 − 1.833) for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions: Dyslipidemia has been independently linked with hyperuricemia. Moreover, the elevation of triglycerides or total cholesterol levels, including conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, have been observed to have a positive association with the development of hyperuricemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of rigid electronic components into stretchable materials is a complex challenge due to contrary material properties. This paper shows a novel approach for the embedding of electronic components into flexible and stretchable polymer substrates using a stereolithographic process that leads to stress reduction during stretching. The key factor is multimaterial printing with various elastic material properties. The paper shows a miniaturized packaged component (e.g., 0201 LED) in a flexible and stretchable substrate based on three different materials. The first material has rigid properties (stiffness 42.25 N/mm) and surrounds a small area of the LED with about 500 mm peripheral frame. The main purpose of this material is to round up the sharp edges of the LED to the next material. The second material is more elastic (stiffness 0.11 N/mm) and surrounds the first embedded LED. The purpose of the implementation of the second intermediate material is to spread the load between the LED and stretchable substrate caused by stretching. The third material has even higher elastic properties (stiffness 0.05 N/mm) and builds up the main part of the stretchable substrate (size of (4.5 3 34 3 0.27) mm3). After the fabrication of the multimaterial substrate with the embedded LED, horseshoe conductive traces are screen printed with conductive paste. Finally, the embedded LED substrate with the conductive traces is cured at 125°C. The final stretchable substrate with the embedded LED is able to stretch up to about 25% for 30 cycles without disturbing the electrical function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research of this article is based on the technology of obtaining a new food lactic acid product by enriching food products with isoprenoid hydrocarbons - β-carotene compounds contained in plants. In this work, one of the promising directions for developing the range of fermented milk products is the enrichment with nutrients obtained from plant resources. In this regard, the enrichment of the lactic acid product with pumpkin, its component - a large amount of β-carotenes, creates an excellent opportunity to increase the physiological properties and nutritional value of the newly obtained product. At the same time, the determination of methods for preparing vegetable fillers was considered - the selection of raw materials and plant components for curd dessert. Microbiological indicators, nutritional and biological value of curd dessert were studied. The relationships between microorganisms in a polysac are considered. The percentage of organoleptic, physicochemical parameters of pumpkin and curd product made from pumpkin seeds was determined. The vitamin, amino acid and mineral composition of the vegetable and curd dessert has been studied. The developed curd dessert filled with pumpkin puree and pumpkin seeds and the optimal storage time for pumpkin seeds were determined. The novelty of the research idea was to provide the population with a naturally enriched functional product: a new lactic acid product rich in β-carotene was obtained based on pumpkin puree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key indicators of personal achievements and professional accomplishments, in particular, education, effective communication skills, self-esteem, and worldview, and the appropriate degree of professionally significant qualities are often formed and developed based on a high level of cognitive independence. Given this, the cognitive independence of a personality can determine the vector of his or her successful actualization in the course of education and professional activities. The article aims to study the manifestation of the indicators of cognitive independence in cadets and their relationship with academic performance. The empirical research involved 132 fourth-year cadets of the National Academy of Internal Affairs (Kyiv). The cadets' cognitive indicators were assessed by the expert group consisting of the research and educational personnel of the National Academy of Internal Affairs (12 people). The cadets' cognitive independence results were determined by four main components: motivational, activity, psychological, and ideological. It has been found that cadets' cognitive activity is in direct correlation with their gnostic abilities, which determine the quality, speed, and effectiveness of their cognitive independence. The research has found that the cognitive independence of future specialists is reflected in their further personal and professional self-actualization and manifests itself at three levels: professional selfdetermination (training in the chosen specialty), individual development, and personal formation. It has been stated that cadets generally demonstrate a sufficient level of readiness for cognitive independence during their educational activities. Given this, there is a need to create a favorable educational environment for the development of cadets' cognitive independence, which in the future can be reflected in the positive indicators of their education and professional activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the literature on stigma, authors often use self-stigma or internalized stigma interchangeably to refer to this type of stigma. This results in a lack of conceptual clarity with negative repercussions for measurement and intervention. Aims: To identify how internalized stigma and self-stigma are conceptualized in people diagnosed with a mental disorder and establish similarities and differences between both concepts. Method: A scoping review was conducted. Thirty-five studies that conceptualized internalized stigma or self-stigma were selected. Results: It was identified that the concepts are defined from nine components, and there are more conceptualizations that have points in common than those that consider some component of their own. To gain conceptual clarity, the use of the term internalized stigma is recommended, being a process made up of stages: acceptance of stereotypes and prejudices by people with mental disorders and their subsequent internalization. The latter leads to negative consequences for those affected, which can be understood as the personal impact of this process, which has a crucial socio-cultural component. Lines of research are proposed to provide solidity to studies on this type of stigma. Conclusions: The term internalized stigma should be used when referring to the type of stigma that includes acceptance, internalization and personal impact for the subjects of the stigma. In contrast, self-stigma should be reserved to refer to stigma that is directed toward the 'self' and includes subtypes of stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on dementia is disputed. Objective: We conducted a Mendelian randomization to clarify whether the genetically predicted MetS and its components are casually associated with the risk of different dementia types. Methods: The genetic predictors of MetS and its five components (waist circumference, hypertension, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) come from comprehensive public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Different dementia types are collected from the GWAS in the European population. Inverse variance weighting is utilized as the main method, complemented by several sensitivity approaches to verify the robustness of the results. Results: Genetically predicted MetS and its five components are not causally associated with the increasing risk of dementia (all p > 0.05). In addition, no significant association between MetS and its components and Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and dementia due to Parkinson's disease (all p > 0.05), except the association between HDL-C and dementia with Lewy bodies. HDL-C may play a protective role in dementia with Lewy bodies (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72–0.92, p = 0.0010). Conclusions: From the perspective of genetic variants, our study provides novel evidence that MetS and its components are not associated with different dementia types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hippotherapy, an equine-assisted service, uses the movement of the horse as a treatment tool. Hippotherapy is often used by occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and speech and language pathologists. To optimise hippotherapy and facilitate the development of transdisciplinary hippotherapy practise guidelines, this scoping review identified novel hippotherapy concepts used during hippotherapy interventions for clients with spastic cerebral palsy. Aim: To explore, identify, and describe concepts that constitute hippotherapy practices for clients with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design, using Arksey and O'Malley's five stages of scoping review. Results: We identified and tabulated 19 hippotherapy concepts. Conclusions: Hippotherapy is a complex intervention with multiple concepts. This review contributed to the development of hippotherapy practice guidelines for clients with spastic cerebral palsy. Significance: Including hippotherapy concepts into hippotherapy practice will inform therapists, benefit clients, and contribute to future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms strive to become agile as part of their organization's transformation to face the changes spurred by the digital world. Thus, this study aims to provide new and insightful findings to assist firms in carrying out digital transformations through agility. We surveyed agility practitioners currently operating in companies undergoing or within digital transformation. Our findings suggest that agility and digital transformation are still in their early stages and that they may coexist. Moreover, the study supported that if agility is well-enabled, it can assist an organization's digital transformation by leveraging the following components, namely agile culture, collaboration, value-co-creation, experimentation, willingness to take risks, continuous improvement, and organizational learning, seizing market opportunities, competitiveness, and agile leadership. In addition, the study identified the pain points that companies encounter in this process, including employee resistance to change. Finally, the findings represent a first step toward a shared understanding of ways to carry out digital transformations through agility and serve to guide future research work while also assisting practitioners in implementing digital transformation effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of rigid electronic components into stretchable materials is a complex challenge due to contrary material properties. This paper shows a novel approach for the embedding of electronic components into flexible and stretchable polymer substrates using a stereolithographic process that leads to stress reduction during stretching. The key factor is the multi-material printing with various elastic material properties. The paper shows a miniaturized packaged component (e.g. 0201 LED) in a flexible and stretchable substrate based on three different materials. The first material has rigid properties (stiffness 42.25 N/mm) and surrounds a small area of the LED with about 500 µm peripheral frame. The main purpose of this material is to round up the sharp edges of the LED to the next material. The second material is more elastic (stiffness 0.11 N/mm) and surrounds the first embedded LED. The purpose of the implementation of the second intermediate material is to spread the load between the LED and stretchable substrate caused by stretching. The third material has even higher elastic properties (stiffness 0.05 N/ mm) and builds up the main part of the stretchable substrate (size of (4.5x34) mm2). After the fabrication of the multi-material substrate with the embedded LED, horseshoe conductive traces are screen printed with conductive paste. Finally, the embedded LED substrate with the conductive traces is cured at 125 °C. The final stretchable substrate with the embedded LED was able to stretch up to about 25 % for 30 cycles without disturbing the electrical function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome is considered an important risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. However, the evidence in middle-aged individuals is still conflicting. The aim of the study was to explore the association between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with cognitive function and to investigate possible interaction between sex, age and genetic predisposition for metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease in a middle-aged Greek cohort. Methods: A total of 2,077 healthy adults (mean age: 46.7 years) were included in the primary cross-sectional analysis and 305 of them in secondary prospective analyses. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the revised National Cholesterol Education-Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Cognitive function was measured primarily with the Trail Making, Verbal fluency and Logical Memory test, and in secondary prospective analyses with online versions of Posner cueing task, an emotional recognition task, Corsi block-tapping task and Stroop task. Results: Multivariable linear regressions showed an association of metabolic syndrome with lower performance in attention (β=1.62 seconds, 95% CI=0.20, 3.04) and memory (β=-0.62 words, 95% CI=-1.19, -0.05) that could be driven by associations with elevated fasting glucose and abdominal obesity. Similar associations were observed in the secondary prospective analyses. Conclusion: In summary, metabolic syndrome was associated with cognitive deficits in domains related with the cognitive profile of vascular cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With dietary supplements being important in the prevention and treatment of common diseases, Russian researchers focus on using local plants and aquatic animals. A new dietary supplement containing marsh cinquefoil extract, burdock root extract, fish cartilaginous tissues, and cephalopods was developed. The present study examines the potency of the ingredients, formulation, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the dietary product, the manufacturing process, as well ands the laboratory testing (organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological, toxicological) of the finished product. The shelf life of the product is 2 years when stored at 4-12°C in a dark place. The recipe and technology of the developed additive were tested under production conditions at the enterprises of NPO Biolit (Tomsk). The functional properties of the supplement are confirmed by the results of clinical studies for rheumatoid arthritis. Prescription leads to a halving of the severity of clinical and laboratory symptoms in 80% of patients. A decrease in pain and the absence of internal stiffness were established, and positive dynamics in assessing the quality of life were established: improved mood, decreased frequency of headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Many universities today have a significant impact on the economy, society and environment, because they resemble small cities in terms of size and population. Universities have an important responsibility in creating a vision for the future in the field of sustainable development. Facing important issues such as changing weather conditions and lack of environmental resources as well as environmental destruction, the mission of universities is to create a space for environmental restoration. The introduction of green practices in the development of universities is still in the early stages. Therefore, the current research has identified and classified the dimensions and components of the sustainable green University. Methodology This study was conducted using the Delphi technique. Delphi panel members were 20 faculty members of Ilam University who were selected through purposeful sampling and using the snowball technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS v 26. Findings After two rounds of questionnaire distribution, the number of 91 components in 10 dimensions including green research, green organizational culture, green psychology, financing, green administration and accounting, campus sustainability, green education, green management, green specialized and social services, Evaluation, reporting, accountability, commitment and monitoring of sustainable development and provision of environmental information and green participation were identified for the establishment and development of the Green University. Conclusion The main result of the current research is extracting and classifying the dimensions and components of green University according to the organizational and administrative structure of the country's universities. According to the changing and unique characteristics of the organizational structure and the way universities are run, this category helps universities and higher education institutions to take steps towards establishing a green university based on the most up-to-date components. Monitor and evaluate yourself on the way to becoming green. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flower fragrance is one of the natural attributes of flowers. It is an important criterion for evaluating the quality of flowers, and an important part of China’s traditional culture. In this paper, to help readers have a better understanding about the chemistry knowledge in fragrances of different Chinese traditional flowers, we will introduce the chemical properties, the preparations and the applications of the main components in flower fragrance by anthropomorphic method. It is expected that scientists would further utilize rich plant resources in China, and develop more products based on flower fragrance. Finally, by promoting the flower industry, China’s traditional culture can be further expanded in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term ‘physical literacy’ (PL) is generally understood as an individual’s ability to lead a physically active lifestyle. Although various forms of physical activity (physical education, sport, recreation, activities of daily living) have the potential to develop children’s PL, many authors believe that the education system plays a crucial role, and physical education in particular has been identified as one of the most suitable environments for its development. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of PL, with a focus on defining and assessing PL within educational systems worldwide, that is, within physical education classes worldwide. Through a literature review undergone using an inductive approach, the most common and significant studies on PL published in peer-reviewed journals were analysed. Three areas important for a better understanding of PL in the context of physical education were identified and analysed: the definition of PL, various PL models, and existing tools for assessing PL. Regarding these areas, it can be concluded that there is no universally accepted model or instrument for assessing PL because of different cultures and systems, that is, the specifics of a certain region. In order to better understand these areas in the context of physical education, it is suggested that researchers provide a framework that contains clear and concise information, along with specific examples that would enable teachers to effectively work within the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management is critical for universities and research institutes to improve their operations and activities. The study aimed to investigate knowledge management components in Iran University of Medical Sciences research centers from the faculty members' perspective. The sample size for the present study was generated using a simple random approach and Cochran's formula. The sample size was 245 out of 673 associate faculty members in affiliated research centers of the Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research instrument was the Fong and Choi knowledge management standard questionnaire. Following data collection, SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests. From the participant's perspective, the results indicated that the status of knowledge acquisition components was relatively good, with an average of 3.26, knowledge creation at 3.42, knowledge storage at 3.19, knowledge distribution at 3.13, knowledge application at 3.34, and knowledge retention at 3.24. According to respondents, there was an inverse statistical relationship between knowledge generation and application components and the research ranking of research centers and a direct statistical relationship between knowledge storage and retention (P-value < 0.05). There was no correlation between knowledge acquisition and distribution and the research ranking of the centers (P-value > 0.05). According to the findings, knowledge management components were applied effectively in research institutions affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences. As a result, planning and strategies at research institutions and universities are required to raise this level to the desired level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality can be partly explained by unequal access to high‐quality health services, including cancer screening. Several interventions have been described to increase access to cancer screening, among them patient navigation (PN), a barrier‐focused intervention. This systematic review aimed to identify the reported components of PN and to assess the effectiveness of PN to promote breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening. Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The components of PN programmes were identified, including the types of barriers addressed by navigators. The percentage change in screening participation was calculated. Results: The 44 studies included were mainly on colorectal cancer and were conducted in the USA. All described their goals and community characteristics, and the majority reported the setting (97.7%), monitoring and evaluation (97.7%), navigator background and qualifications (81.4%) and training (79.1%). Supervision was only referred to in 16 studies (36.4%). Programmes addressed mainly barriers at the educational (63.6%) and health system level (61.4%), while only 25.0% reported providing social and emotional support. PN increased cancer screening participation when compared with usual care (0.4% to 250.6% higher) and educational interventions (3.3% to 3558.0% higher). Conclusion: Patient navigation programmes are effective at increasing participation to breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening. A standardized reporting of the components of PN programmes would allow their replication and a better measure of their impact. Understanding the local context and needs is essential to design a successful PN programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si) is the utmost element of the earth's crust involved in various plant processes. Despite being a non-essential element of the plant, its role in plant tolerance is appreciable. The interaction of Si with the plant cell wall provides structural and mechanical strength to the plants. This review article discusses the different forms of silica (simple to complex), the nature of Si, and its interaction with plant cell wall components after being taken up by plants. Ligands of plant cell wall like hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, cellulose, callose, and mixed-linked glucans (MLG) are the possible linker, which helps the Si in crosslinking with the plant cell wall. This review also incorporates the interrelation of Si with different cell wall components, the role of Si-cell wall complexes in different stress alleviation, and enhancing stress resistance in plants. Accumulation of Si after crosslinking with the cell wall provides rigidity and stability to the plant wall and enhances mechanical strength. Many studies have been conducted on the Si role in different stress alleviation, but little knowledge is available on how plants react when Si is taken up, how Si interacts with the plant cells, how Si accumulation is enhanced by the plant itself, how the possible ligands help Si in bonding with the cell wall. This study helps to understand the relationship of cell wall components with Si and to think about the precise bonding patterns between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the study was to comprehensively synthesise the components of integrated clinical pathways (ICPs) and post‐operative outcomes of patients undergone total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA & TKA) and hip fracture surgeries. Background: Previous systematic reviews examined components and effectiveness of ICPs for lower limb joint replacement and hip fracture surgeries. Design and Methods: An updated systematic review guided by the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) framework. Electronic databases, Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCOhost‐CINAHL, the Cochrane Reviews and Trails, EMBASE and PubMed, were searched from 2007 to 31 January 2021. Due to the heterogeneity of the methods and data collection tools of included studies, pooling of the quantitative data was not possible. Therefore, the included studies were synthesised and presented narratively under subthemes of arthroplasty and hip fracture surgeries. The PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews was used. Results: Twenty‐four studies met selection criteria with 11 examined ICPs for hip fracture and 13 for the THA and TKA. Twenty‐one ICPs were reviewed, and 33 components were extracted. The most frequently included components for hip fracture subgroup were 'discharge disposition arrangement' and 'dedicated personnel and resources'. 'Exercise plan' and 'pain management' were for the arthroplasty subgroup. A significant reduction in the length of stay and post‐operative complications were associated with the ICPs. Results were mixed for the effectiveness of ICPs in reducing unplanned hospital admissions, mortality rates, post‐operative complications and hospital costs. Conclusion: The number of ICP components varied across studies. This review could not recommend a one size‐fits‐all ICP that could be adapted for use for patients undergoing hip fracture and joint replacement surgeries. Relevance for clinical practice: This review identified research evidence‐based components considered as essential for the inclusion in ICP's for hip fracture and arthroplasty surgeries. Further research is suggested to determine the patient experience and healthcare providers' acceptance of ICPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous innovation in artificially-induced agarwood technology is increasing the amount of agarwood and substantially alleviating shortages. Agarwood is widely utilized in perfumes and fragrances; however, it is unclear whether the overall pharmacological activity of induced agarwood can replace wild agarwood for medicinal use. In this study, the volatile components, total chromone content, and the differences in the overall activities of wild agarwood and induced agarwood, including the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-glucosidase activity were all determined. The results indicated that both induced and wild agarwood's chemical makeup contains sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones. The total chromone content in generated agarwood can reach 82.96% of that in wild agarwood. Induced agarwood scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radicals and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 0.1873 mg/mL, 0.0602 mg/mL, 0.0493 mg/mL, and 0.2119 mg/mL, respectively, reaching 80.89%, 93.52%, 93.52%, and 69.47% of that of wild agarwood, respectively. Accordingly, the results distinguished that induced agarwood has the potential to replace wild agarwood in future for use in medicine because it has a similar chemical makeup to wild agarwood and has comparable antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-glucosidase capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have been conceived in the last part of the 20th century and realized at the beginning of the 21st century as a breakthrough in alloy design involving multiple components in equimolar or near equimolar ratio. These materials are relatively new (16 years old) and, therefore, major industrial applications are not attempted so far. Hence, it is required to develop novel alloys and manufacturing methods to make them useful, showcasing their distinct properties and applicability for strategic sectors. We report here a detailed investigation on the development of HEA containing small amount of Al involving microstructure and property characterization. Further, as a scale up attempt, one component of HEA (CoCrFeMnNi)95Al5 was realized via investment casting route, which is found to be sound with respect to surface and radiography examination. The novel processing of the HEAs via casting routes developed in this investigation can further be applied to obtain components to reap the benefits of these materials, exhibiting huge potential and opening up new vistas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional thinking places high Intelligence Quotient (IQ) as the most important predictor of success but its contribution is only half that of Emotional Intelligence (EI), the ability to manage emotions. EI encompasses several skills, all of which need to be mastered for professional and personal success. Objectives: To determine the emotional intelligence level of medical students at a private medical college in Lahore, Pakistan, and to see its association with gender and years of study. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2022. Convenience Sampling was used to select 370 medical students at a private college in Lahore, Pakistan, who filled out a questionnaire to measure their emotional intelligence. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. Results: The majority scored in the middle range of EI, with a mean score of 58.6±7.8 (out of a possible lowest score of 20 and highest of 80). There was a significant association of EI with gender as well as with years of study. Males had higher total EI scores than females (p.002), as well as higher mean EI score of 59.9±8 compared to 56.9±7.3 for females (p.001). Students from higher classes had higher total scores as well as higher mean scores than those from lower classes (p.001) and (p.001) respectively. Conclusions: Half the respondents got mid-range EI scores. While there were very few low scores, only a third scored in the desirable higher ranges indicating a need for counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in recent years the teaching of probability has been implemented in many countries from primary education onwards and extends throughout all educational levels, research reports frequent errors when applying probability in everyday contexts or in professional decision making. In this paper we begin by analysing the probabilistic literacy, as the basis of probabilistic reasoning that every citizen should have. Next, we analyse the essential characteristics and components of probabilistic reasoning and describe some common biases in probabilistic reasoning. We conclude with some suggestions for developing students' probabilistic reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passivity criteria for controlled affine resistive (CAR) components are presented. First, the definitions of passive component and non‐dynamic component are recalled, as formulated in the frame of the behavioral approach (i.e., based on the concept of forwards concatenation set of an admissible process at a given time). Then, three lemmas, one theorem, and four corollaries on quadratic functions are stated and proven, which provide the mathematical tools needed. On this basis, passivity criteria for CAR components are derived, under both the standard (i.e., homogeneous, hybrid, and transmission) matrix representations and the general matrix representation. Finally, by resorting to a kind of canonic representation, two general results on the passivity of CAR components are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensivists target different blood pressure component values to manage intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between individual blood pressure components and organ dysfunction in critically ill septic patients. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated 77,328 septic patients in 364 ICUs in the eICU Research Institute database. Primary exposure was the lowest cumulative value of each component; mean, systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, sustained for at least 120 min during ICU stay. Primary outcome was ICU mortality and secondary outcomes were composite outcomes of acute kidney injury or death and myocardial injury or death during ICU stay. Multivariable logistic regression spline and threshold regression adjusting for potential confounders were conducted to evaluate associations between exposures and outcomes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted in 4211 patients with septic shock. Results: Lower values of all blood pressures components were associated with a higher risk of ICU mortality. Estimated change-points for the risk of ICU mortality were 69 mmHg for mean, 100 mmHg for systolic, 60 mmHg for diastolic, and 57 mmHg for pulse pressure. The strength of association between blood pressure components and ICU mortality as determined by slopes of threshold regression were mean (− 0.13), systolic (− 0.11), diastolic (− 0.09), and pulse pressure (− 0.05). Equivalent non-linear associations between blood pressure components and ICU mortality were confirmed in septic shock patients. We observed a similar relationship between blood pressure components and secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Blood pressure component association with ICU mortality is the strongest for mean followed by systolic, diastolic, and weakest for pulse pressure. Critical care teams should continue to follow MAP-based resuscitation, though exploratory analysis focusing on blood pressure components in different sepsis phenotypes in critically ill ICU patients is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]