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Background: Retinal detachment is more common among uveitis patients than in the general population. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in a uveitis population. Methods: We retrospectively studied 851 uveitis patients, recording characteristics such as uveitis duration, anatomical location, and cause; RRD occurrence; proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) at presentation; surgical approach; reattachment rate; and initial and final visual acuity (VA). Results: RRD occurred in 26 patients (3.1%; 29 affected eyes) and was significantly associated with posterior uveitis ( p < 0.001), infectious uveitis ( p < 0.001), and male gender ( p = 0.012). Among cases of infectious uveitis, cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus were most commonly associated with RRD development. RRD in non-infectious uveitis was not found to be associated with any specific uveitis entity. The rate of single-operation reattachment was 48%, and the rate of final reattachment was 83%. Mean final VA was 20/125, with 41% of eyes ultimately having a VA of less than 20/200. Conclusion: Uveitis is a risk factor for RRD development, which carries a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scleritis is a severe and painful ophthalmic disorder, in which a pathogenic role for collagen-directed autoimmunity was repeatedly suggested. We evaluated the presence of sclera-specific antibodies in a large cohort of patients with non-infectious scleritis. Therefore, we prospectively collected serum samples from 121 patients with non-infectious scleritis in a multicenter cohort study in the Netherlands. In addition, healthy (n = 39) and uveitis controls (n = 48) were included. Serum samples were tested for anti-native human type II collagen antibodies using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, sclera-specific antibodies were determined using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on primate retinal/scleral cryosections. Lastly, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed in 111 patients with scleritis. Anti-type II collagen antibodies were found in 13% of scleritis patients, in 10% of healthy controls and in 11% of uveitis controls (p = 0.91). A specific reaction to scleral nerve tissue on IIF was observed in 33% of patients with scleritis, which was higher than in healthy controls (11%; p = 0.01), but similar to uveitis controls (25%; p = 0.36). Reactivity to the scleral nerve tissue was significantly associated with earlier onset of scleritis (48 versus 56 years; p < 0.001), bilateral involvement (65% versus 42%; p = 0.01), and less frequent development of scleral necrosis (5% versus 22%; p = 0.02). HLA-B27 was found to be twice as prevalent in patients with scleritis (15.3%) compared to a healthy population (7.2%). In conclusion, scleral nerve autoantibody reactivity was more common in scleritis and uveitis patients in contrast to healthy controls. Further research is needed to characterize these scleral-nerve directed antibodies and assess their clinical value. [Display omitted] • Scleral nerve autoantibody reactivity is more common in patients with scleritis and uveitis compared to healthy controls. • Type II collagen antibodies were not found to occur more frequently in patients with scleritis compared to healthy controls. • A significant association with HLA-B27 is present in patients with scleritis compared to healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many authors have reported on a myopic post-operative refractive prediction error when combining phacoemulsification with pars plana vitrectomy (phacovitrectomy). In this study we evaluate the amount of this error in our facility and try to elucidate the various factors involved.Methods: This was a retrospective study which included 140 patients who underwent phacovitrectomy (39 with macular holes, 88 with puckers, and 13 with floaters). Post-operative refractive error was defined as the difference between the actual spherical equivalent (SEQ) and expected SEQ based on the SRK/T and Holladay-II formulas. Both univariate (paired t test, independent t test, one-way analysis of variance, or Mann-Whitney test) and multivariate (regression analysis) statistical analyses were performed.Results: Overall, a refractive error of − 0.13 dpt (p = 0.033) and − 0.26 dpt (p < 0.01) were found in the SRK/T and Holladay-II formulas, respectively. For the independent diagnoses, only macular holes showed a myopic error with the SRK/T (− 0.31 dpt; p < 0.01) and Holladay-II (− 0.44 dpt; p < 0.01) formulas. In univariate analysis, significant factors involved in myopic refractive error were macular hole as diagnosis (p < 0.01 for SRK/T and Holladay-II), gas tamponade (SRK/T p = 0.024; Holladay-II p = 0.025), pre-operative myopia (p < 0.01 for SRK/T), and optical technique for axial length measurement (SRK/T and Holladay-II p < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, pre-operative axial length (p = 0.026), optical technique for axial length measurement (p < 0.01), and pre-operative SEQ (p < 0.01) were independent predictors for myopic refractive error in the SRK/T formula. For the Holladay-II formula, optical technique for axial length measurement (p < 0.01) and pre-operative SEQ (p = 0.04) were predictive.Conclusion: Various factors are involved in determining the myopic refractive error after phacovitrectomy. Not every factor seems to be as important in each individual patient, suggesting a more tailored approach is warranted to overcome this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The vitreous proteome might provide an attractive gateway to discriminate between various uveitis aetiologies and gain novel insights into the underlying pathophysiological processes. Here, we investigated 180 vitreous proteins to discover novel biomarkers and broaden disease insights by comparing (1). primary vitreoretinal lymphoma ((P)VRL) versus other aetiologies, (2). sarcoid uveitis versus tuberculosis (TB)‐associated uveitis and (3). granulomatous (sarcoid and TB) uveitis versus other aetiologies. Methods: Vitreous protein levels were determined by proximity extension assay in 47 patients with intraocular inflammation and a prestudy diagnosis (cohort 1; training) and 22 patients with a blinded diagnosis (cohort 2; validation). Differentially expressed proteins identified by t‐tests on cohort 1 were used to calculate Youden's indices. Pathway and network analysis was performed by ingenuity pathway analysis. A random forest classifier was trained to predict the diagnosis of blinded patients. Results: For (P)VRL stratification, the previously reported combined diagnostic value of IL‐10 and IL‐6 was confirmed. Additionally, CD70 was identified as potential novel marker for (P)VRL. However, the classifier trained on the entire cohort (cohort 1 and 2) relied primarily on the interleukin score for intraocular lymphoma diagnosis (ISOLD) or IL‐10/IL‐6 ratio and only showed a supportive role for CD70. Furthermore, sarcoid uveitis displayed increased levels of vitreous CCL17 as compared to TB‐associated uveitis. Conclusion: We underline the previously reported value of the ISOLD and the IL‐10/IL‐6 ratio for (P)VRL identification and present CD70 as a potentially valuable target for (P)VRL stratification. Finally, we also show that increased CCL17 levels might help to distinguish sarcoid uveitis from TB‐associated uveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]