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Modern logo design is characterized by its ability to convey information through the use of various images and text compositions. These designs often use simple elements such as lines to capture the essence of a product. When using thermochromic inks in logo design, it is important to consider their composition and behavior, as they differ significantly from conventional printing inks. This study aimed to determine the resolution capabilities of the dry offset printing technique when using thermochromic ink, with the ultimate goal of optimizing the thermochromic ink printing process. Horizontal and vertical lines were printed using both thermochromic and conventional inks to compare the edge reproduction characteristics of the two ink types. Moreover, the impact of the type of applied ink on the share of mechanical dot gain of the print was investigated. Additionally, modulation transfer function (MTF) reproduction curves were generated for each print. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to investigate the surface of the substrate and prints. It was found that the quality of the printed edge produced by thermochromic inks can rival that of conventional inks. Thermochromic edges showed lower raggedness and blurriness values for horizontal lines, whereas line orientation proved to be insignificant in the case of vertical lines. MTF reproduction curves confirmed higher spatial resolution for vertical lines in the case of conventional inks, whereas they were identical for horizontal lines. The share of mechanical dot gain is not highly influenced by the ink type. SEM micrographs confirmed that the conventional ink smooths out the micro-roughness of the substrate. However, on the surface, the microcapsules of thermochromic ink (measuring 0.5–2 µm) are observable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this present study, electrophotographic printing is made on papers which are subjected to different recycling numbers, and this paper aims to examine the colour changes of this printing type. Design/methodology/approach: Four-colour electrophotographic printing is carried out on adhering to the INGEDE 11p standard recycled papers four times under the same conditions. Colour measurements are made by means of electrophotographic printed colour scales printed on these recycled papers. Colour measurements are made with the X-Rite eXact spectrophotometer according to the ISO 13655:2017 standard. As a result of colour measurements, colour differences (ΔL′, ΔH′, ΔC′, ΔE00) of recycled papers are determined using some formulas. Findings: According to the values obtained after four recycling, the highest ΔL′ value is found to be 4.80 yellow and the lowest 1.92 black. Again, according to the measurement results, it is determined that the highest ΔE00 is yellow colour with a value of 5.66, and lowest ΔE00 is black colour with a value of 1.98. In ΔH′, black colour is the highest value of 12.61, the lowest value with −2.05 is obtained in magenta colour. It was observed that the highest ΔC′ value is 2.98 in yellow, and the lowest value is −0.28 in black. Originality/value: In the printing industry, sometimes customers want to monitor the colour differences in the printing by taking the L′a′b′ obtained values as a result of printing from the printing houses. If the colour differences exceed the tolerance values, then they can interfere with the printing. As a result of the calculations, colour changes in electrophotographic printing are observed with many parameters. This study can be a pioneer for the studies that can be done on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A standard color gamut can be obtained with CMYK samples that are printed with an offset printing system according to the ISO 12647-2:2013. It is possible to enhance or widen the color gamut during the printing process by interfering with the density and dot gain characteristics. Printing with a wider color gamut provides a more vivid area and more depth in color. In this study, print trials were conducted at first with standard values (density, dot gain and such). Then another trial was conducted by changing the density values respectively during the trial. Ink density values for all colors were decreased from the standard value as -0.15D, -0.30D and then increased as +0.15D, +0.30D. Color gamuts of the trials were calculated and compared at the end. It is found that ink density values directly affect color gamut in offset printing. It is also found that the color gamut decreases equally when ink density values decrease and vice versa. However, some printing problems occurred with high density values even though it gave an expanded color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pad Printing is most direct way of printing. Mechanic Dot Gain means physical growing of screen dot with printing pressure. Dot Gain in Pad Printing is a significant parameter effecting printing quality. Factors such as structure of swage block material used, ink fluidity, stiffness of spool silicon, type of mould used, display depth, angle of stripper knife, stress adjustment of printing press effect dot gain. How these variance effect to screen dot should be known and pressure studies should be made in conditioned environment. The purpose of this study is to determine how the tram frequency of the images printed by buffer printing affects the point gain value. In the study, rough and coated papers have been chosen as swage block material for Test printing studies. Spectrophotometer and dot gain values have been measured over pressure results made on rough and coated papers in frame optimum parametres with the aim of providing qualified pressure results. Four test scales have been prepared in which there have been different screen ton values having 40-54-60 and 70 Lpc screen ruling. In order dot gain to be measured on test scales, film, blcok and printing, areas having screen ton values from %1 to 2, 3,5 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 have been constituted. Steel form, which is 2 mm thick, by Kodak Freundorfer Druckplat has been used in pressure test studies. Steel form has been placed into ink tank, the size of which is 150.250 mm. Areas having screen ton values of screened scale with 40, 54, 60 and 70 Lpc screen rulings, dot gain values on film, block, rough and coated paper were measured with Spectrophotometer. Ink type which has been used in test printings are parametres whose viscosity, spool stiffness, physical structure of spool, stiffness and thickness of spool stripper knife, printing pressure and printing speed have been held stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on the impact of different binder mixtures on the performances of paper surface and printability. The coating properties were studied with the chosen silica pigment, and the binder consisted of vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol with different ratios, followed by the measurement of smoothness, whiteness, and surface strength. The inkjet image quality was assessed using water-based inks. The print density, dot gain, and line quality were analyzed. The results showed that the surface performance and printability were affected by the composition of the binder. With the decrease of vinyl acetate copolymer and the increase of polyvinyl alcohol, the surface smoothness and strength decreased, and the penetration and diffusion of the ink changed as well. When the binder mixture was used with proper ratio, a larger solid density, smaller dot gain, and higher definition can be achieved, which were better than using either one of them alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral reflection prediction models, although effective, are impractical for certain industrial applications such as self-calibrating devices and online monitoring because their calibration requires specific color-constant calibration patches. Using the CMYK Ink-Spreading enhanced Yule-Nielsen-modified Spectral Neugebauer model (IS-YNSN), we propose a method to recover the colorant reflectances (Neugebauer primaries), the ink-spreading curves, and the Yule-Nielsen n-value using only tiles extracted from printed color images. There is no prior knowledge about the reproduction device. Thanks to a set of constraints based on principal component analysis and the relationships between composed Neugebauer primaries and the ink transmittances, good approximations of the Neugebauer primaries are achieved. These approximations are then optimized, yielding an accurately calibrated IS-YNSN model comparable to the one obtained by classical calibrations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 216-233, 2014; Published online 23 February 2013 in Wiley Online Library (). DOI 10.1002/col.21800 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's spectral reflection prediction models are able to predict the reflection spectra of printed color images with an accuracy as high as the reproduction variability allows. However, to calibrate such models, special uniform calibration patches need to be printed. These calibration patches use space and have to be removed from the final product. The present contribution shows how to deduce the ink spreading behavior of the color halftones from spectral reflectances acquired within printed color images. Image tiles of a color as uniform as possible are selected within the printed images. The ink spreading behavior is fitted by relying on the spectral reflectances of the selected image tiles. A relevance metric specifies the impact of each ink spreading curve on the selected image tiles. These relevance metrics are used to constrain the corresponding ink spreading curves. Experiments performed on an inkjet printer demonstrate that the new constraint-based calibration of the spectral reflection prediction model performs well when predicting color halftones significantly different from the selected image tiles. For some prints, the proposed image based model calibration is more accurate than a classical calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Based on the microstructure of FM halftoning image and the model of a light scattering in the substrate, the spectral reflectance model of FM halftone printed image based on Murray–Davies equation is studied. Taking into account the influence of the light scattering in substrate, we set up the relationship between the reflection and transmission and the return probabilities of light under the dots or between the dots. The empirical and probability models of the spectral reflectance of the bare areas, the dot areas and the frequency modulation screening image as the functions of the number density of the frequency modulation ink dot in the unit area gridding-cell and the area of the dot are developed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]