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Background: In 2020, globally 685,000 people died, and 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer. The main cause of cancer deaths among women is breast cancer, which account for 15.5% of all cancer deaths. Most of these could have been avoided with timely diagnosis. The aim of our study was to determine the proportion of breast screening participation in Hungary, and to identify possible factors that may influence breast screening attendance. Methods: Our data were gathered from the cross-sectional European Health Interview Surveys conducted in Hungary in 2009, 2014, and 2019. In terms of categorical characteristics, Pearson's chi-square test was performed to evaluate the differences between people who have attended breast screening within two years and who have only attended more than two years ago. To determine the factors that may have an impact on the uptake of screening, generalized linear model with logit link function regarding binomial probability distribution was executed. Results: The responses of 2626 women between the age 45-65 were included in our study. In 2009 85% (n=741), in 2014 90% (n=851) and in 2019 87% (n=699) of the respondents claimed to have ever attended a breast screening in their life. In 2009 68% (n=594), in 2014 66% (n=630) and in 2019 64% (n=515) said that they have taken part in breast screening within two years (p=0.331). From 2014 to 2019 (AOR=0.72 [0.57-0.89]) the chance of attending breast screening was decreasing. We observed that both secondary (AOR=1.97 [1.60-2.44]) and tertiary educational level (AOR=2.23 [1.67-3.00]), higher perceived income (AOR=1.54 [1.25-1.90]), and more frequent meeting with the doctor (AOR=1.77 [1.39-2.27]) and with the specialist (AOR=1.88 [1.54-2.28]) appeared as protective factors of breast screening attendance. Conclusions: Our results show that the lifetime prevalence of breast screening participation is high, however the recommended biennial rate is relatively low. To increase the participation rate, various initiatives would be needed, especially for women in identified risk groups, which are lower educational level, lower perceived income, and less frequent meeting with the doctor and with the specialist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon, water, and energy cycles play an important role in the terrestrial ecosystem's functioning. Climate change and hydroclimatic disturbances are primary factors that influence these cycles, yet little is known about the major ecohydrological indicators (EHIs) that characterize these cycles. In addition, it is essential to analyze spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of EHIs to comprehend how well terrestrial ecosystems can preserve their structure and function in the face of hydroclimatic perturbations. We assessed the three important EHIs, namely water use efficiency (WUE e), rain use efficiency (RUE e), and light use efficiency (LUE e), as well as their controlling factors, in India from 2002 to 2017 at various spatial scales (major river basins, climatic zones, and land cover types). In general, high EHI values were found in high productivity ecosystems (e.g., forest ecosystems) compared to low productivity ecosystems (e.g., cropland and grassland ecosystems). WUE e and LUE e have similar characteristics and were higher in mountain, tropical wet, and tropical wet-dry zones, whereas lower in arid zones. RUE e shows distinct spatial characteristics with higher values in semi-arid zones and lower values in arid zones. The drivers investigated in this study include CO 2 concentrations, evapotranspiration (ET), humidity, leaf area index (LAI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation (PRECIP), soil moisture (SM), solar radiation (SR), temperature (TEMP), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and wind speed (WS). All three EHIs were found sensitive to TEMP and SR at a national scale, whereas CO 2 was a significant driver in arid ecosystems. Other controlling factors (e.g., VPD, SM, and humidity) also played a significant role at smaller spatial scales. Further, this study finds that undisturbed ecosystems (only climate influenced) have slightly higher values of EHIs compared to disturbed (climate-human influenced) ecosystems. Based on the results, in future, it can be expected that an increase in the incident SR and TEMP will decrease the EHIs in India. This study helps understand the coupling of water, carbon, and energy cycles, and the findings from this research can be a reference for ecosystem conservation and restoration. • Spatiotemporal characterization of three key EHIs was carried out. • Annual WUE e & RUE e showed a decreasing trend, LUE e showed an increasing trend. • Sensitivity of 11 different controlling factors to EHIs were analyzed. • Temperature and solar radiation were major controlling factors of all EHIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the health status of Poland's population has clearly improved in the last decade, it is still less favourable than in most European countries. The average life expectancy and the average healthy life expectancy in Poland remain considerably shorter than in other EU members. Apart from this, the socio-economic transition in Poland, and accompanying unemployment and social exclusion, are increasing the already considerable income disparities that determine individuals' health investments. This has significantly differentiated the population's health status, both between regions and within particular social groups. The results of the microeconometric research into health status determinants and socio-economic health inequalities, as presented in this article, serve to verify the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the health status of individuals and their socio-economic status. If true, this hypothesis may point to a lack of health security felt by the poorer members of society. The main tool for evaluating the investigated relationship was an econometric model estimated using individual data. Health inequality is understood as an uneven distribution of health status caused by socio-economic status, and is measured by the health inequality index. The research methodology employed in this study is consistent with that used in other countries. The research has demonstrated that health status and socio-economic status in Poland are interrelated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]