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This article offers a reflection on the writing of the sīra , the "life of the Prophet," based on the study of the catalogs of the Egyptian National Library and the Library of al-Azhar. The cross-analysis of the classifications of medieval and modern sciences, and the categories used by cataloguers at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, shows that the sīra was irreducible to the "biography of the Prophet," and covered a much larger set of texts. The rest of the article offers a description of the corpus of 491 works of sīra and the 1,119 manuscripts and printed matter which are its material manifestations. We come to the conclusion that this corpus can be used to describe the culture of the sīra in Egypt and in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Two results appear particularly important: the constitution of series of texts (basic text, commentaries, glosses) makes it possible to describe a major part of the culture of commentary in the Ottoman period; the examination of the corpus also offers an interesting perspective on the transition between manuscript culture and printed culture in 19th century Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of literary transfer during the period of European Romanticism, by the mean of poetic translation. More specifically we have tried to study systematically the manuscript of the History of Modern Greek Literature of Joseph Dunin - Borkowski (1809-1843), by an analysis of the historical and human context as well as a parallel comparison of poetic translations following the text of the Polish poet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of literary transfer during the period of European Romanticism, by the mean of poetic translation. More specifically we have tried to study systematically the manuscript of the History of Modern Greek Literature of Joseph Dunin - Borkowski (1809-1843), by an analysis of the historical and human context as well as a parallel comparison of poetic translations following the text of the Polish poet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay is a plea for ending the hunt for the message inscribed into the final shaping of the Psalter. After the psalms had to suffer from exaggerated form-critical categorisation and other approaches, the Psalter is not in need of having its content labelled with inadequate generalising terms. The complexity of the psalms does not favour this approach. Instead, the psalms are waiting to be appreciated as textual individuals and each psalm as part of its special position in a manageable cluster of texts. In view of the Psalter as a whole the predominance of petition and praise, manifest in the title Tehillim, deserves closer theological attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translation of handwritten historical documents faces many challenges due to variation in the writing style, local language, and an inevitable language change. Even the transliteration from Cyrillic to Latin characters is standardized by the bijective transliteration standard ISO 9. This presentation introduces a number of tools offered by Transkribus for the automated processing of documents, such as Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) and Document Understanding, which are needed for the translation of historical documents. Next to the problem of decoding handwritten documents, written for example in Kurrentschrift using ancient terminology, changed meanings and different spelling have additionally to be considered during the translation of texts from earlier centuries. Resolution strategies on a case study show different methods for ensuring quality translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La "temporalité des images ne peut se décliner qu'au pluriel. Pluriel des temps sociaux et des représentations du temps, qui varient selon les époques et les manières de « vivre » le temps ; pluriel des images, qui ne sauraient exprimer le temps et le mettre ne oeuvre dans leurs propres séries que de manière toujours spécifique, comme on en fait ici la démonstration à partir de quatre miniatures en pleine page issues de deux traités différents, mais complémentaires, de l'abbesse bénédictine rhénane Hildegarde de Bingen (1098-1179). Hildegarde partage avec ses contemporains une conception dynamique de la Création, qui connaît dans le temps une alternance de phases de croissance et de décroissance, de chaleur et de froid, de sécheresse et d'humidité. Le microcosme et le macrocosme sont en étroite correspondance. Ces mouvements de la nature et du corps sont commandés par les astres, plus précisément les "sept planètes" et surtout la lune, nommée "la mère de tous les temps ". On commente et compare ici quatre images de deux manuscrits d'Hildegarde de Bingen : une du Liber Scivias (troisième quart du XIIe siècle, produit encore du vivant d'Hildegarde), trois du Liber operum divinorum (d'après le manuscrit de Lucca, daté vers 1230). Avec les temps de la nature et du corps se combine le temps de l' "histoire naturelle" de l'homme, marquée par la Chute (Hildegarde rappelle que c'est le péché originel qui a mis le firmament en mouvement), mais tendue vers la Rédemption (d'où le développement eschatologique du programme visionnaire iconographique dans le Scivias et le Liber operum divinorum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: On an unpublished manuscript by Jacques-François Borda d''Oro (1718–1804): contribution of an amateur of geology from near Dax (Landes). Jacques-François Borda d''Oro collected rocks and fossils in the area around Dax (Landes, France) between 1730 and 1800. From 1753 to 1803, he made known his collection to the scholars and significantly contributed to their information, allowing them to document the principles of palaeontology. Between 1784 and 1793, he wrote a catalogue describing his collection. Doing this, he studied and reported his observations on the exploitation and the use of rocks. He compared fossils to contemporaneous livings and perceived climatic changes. The manuscript of this catalogue is unpublished. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Palevol 4 (2005) . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Jean-François Séguier (1703–1784), first historiographer of Palaeontology. In his never-completed manuscript on the Pétrifications du Véronois, which he had written in Verona during the 1740s, Jean-François Séguier devoted a long chapter to a chronological account of works dedicated to fossils from the ancient Greeks to the middle of the 18th century. It includes 125 precise items about which he wrote more or less detailed reviews. We have here selected some excerpts in which Jean-François Séguier expresses his own points of view, especially concerning Italian books. To cite this article: J. Gaudant, C. R. Palevol 4 (2005) . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]