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ANR Patentes is an Argentinean program that gives grants for patents applications to innovative firms, entrepreneurs and researchers. Throughout the period 2007-2017, 83 projects (out of 195) were funded. Based on secondary sources and a survey conducted to beneficiaries, this study reconstructs the progress made by the patent applicants. The results show, on the one hand, that a high percentage of the patents have been granted, and, on the other hand, a group of projects are facing difficulties to reach the market. Thus, the study suggests the necessity to complement ANR Patentes with other instruments oriented to foster entrepreneurship and productive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The protection of intellectual property through patent documents is essential in the activities of the entrepreneurial university, as it facilitates interactions and technological transfers or licensing to society. Objective: The aim of this work was to develop and applya system for carrying out the prior art searchs by an University library, in partnership with the Technological Innovation Center (NIT). Methodology: The action research method was used and the object of study was the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), focusing on the university library initiative Starteca - space to undertake. Results: the proposal and application of a systematic approach was considered, which comprised: 1] the application of a training course on skills necessary for librarians to perform in the process of searching for precedence and; 2] standardization of the search process execution routine, via manuals, protocols and tutorials. Conclusion: It was possible to infer that the rapprochement between the university library units and NIT can contribute to the construction of solutions that support the success of the institutional project of the entrepreneurial university in the Brazilian context, by seeking solutions based on sharing resources and skills, focused on institutionalization of the prioritization search process, aiming to protect intellectual property developed by the academic community, using patent documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the discovery of an ancient clockwork mechanism in the possession of a granddaughter of Luis Anaya, we have been able to study the way in which the inventors perfected their patent, the investments they made and the new contributions that are deduced from this new discovery, which is part of the history of the ATM, developed in Cieza and patented by Brunton and Anaya in 1913. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crop of avocado is growing in the world by the increased consumption of this fruit. For this reason, research in this production chain has increased, in technical issues, seeking to improve yield, reducing losses due to pest and diseases and about process that allow maintaining the quality of the fruit over time. However, research and development, as studies of current trends in other areas of the chain, are unknown. The objective of this article was known the trends in research and technological development in the avocado production chain. For this, a technological scanning exercise was carried out, it using bibliometrics and patentometrics techniques with information from the Scopus and Lens.org databases, the information collected was refined and analyzed. The countries with the highest number of scientific publications were United States, United Kingdom and the Netherlands, with weaknesses in the collaborative job into countries. The authors more productive are people linked with academy, the journal Acta Horticulturae had the greatest number of publications. The topics about cosmetics and pharmaceutics were outstanding for patents and they are considered relevant for this production chain, due to the market dynamics. In research the topics were more diverse, since topics in sowing until postharvest. In this article it was not found scientific production in topics organizational or about management. This research shown opportunities of technological innovation in the avocado sector. Networks between science, academy and guilds were observed. This networks are oriented the strengthening the sector and increase yield through to diversification of market segments. It is considered important to give greater attention to organizational and management aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials selection in product design is a complex decision‐making activity due to the necessity of embodying technical requirements into those related to customer, safety, environmental, economic and social aspects. Technological developments have been increasing materials options, thus demanding the manipulation of large amounts of information and data to identify them. This study proposes a monitoring procedure to identify and select materials in innovative product design using patent information. It applies bibliometric techniques to select relevant patents using two different retrieval strategies: (i) driven by the function and (ii) by the application of the product. A case study to search for a more sustainable composite material for aircraft interior structures reveals distinct sets of data and types of technical solutions depending on the patent retrieval strategy used. The function‐based patent retrieval strategy found more disruptive solutions, whereas the application‐based strategy identified mainly improvements in current technology developed by partners of the aeronautical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, some pharmaceutical companies have patented their drugs to combat it, including those based on stem cells. Questions about how to access such drugs will likely be raised because patent protection grants an exclusive right to the patent owner, to prevent someone else from benefiting from a large-scale price increase. The document will then review the regulation and practice of government use in Indonesia and the possibility of such a mechanism to access Covid-19 drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the latent threat of future pandemics, the objective of this study is to analyze - particularly with respect to medications - the sustainability of the health system, healthcare coverage, budgetary efficiency, and connections with the pharmaceutical patent system. In this context, the pharmaceutical patent system acts as a determining factor, given that promoting its existence stimulates the production of research, but in turn its existence stands in the way of rapid advancements, primarily due to the development of protective legislation concerning patents, which has largely accommodated the industry. Given that the pharmaceutical industry has managed to extend the duration of patents and avoid the incorporation of generics, our analysis focuses on the influence of pharmaceutical patents; this influence has led to reflection on the possibility of combining efforts by forging alliances between numerous companies and the public sector in order to face the challenges posed by new diseases caused by viruses that give rise to epidemics and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To expose the current situation of the Brazilian Nuclear Medicine in relation to innovation, taking into account the Intellectual Property protection and the particularities of this field. Methods: The number and the origin of patents filings from Brazil, United States and European Patent Convention countries were retrospectively compared in a 20-year period. Results: The number of accumulated patents filings of conventional pharmaceuticals was ten times higher compared to the radiopharmaceuticals in the three regions studied. Conclusion: The largest number of Brazilian patents filings corresponded to the international patent applications, which is related to the country development conditions, as well as to the difficulties in the process of patent filing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In diesem Beitrag geht es um das interdisziplinäre Erlernen von Data Science u. a. im Rahmen von Aus- und Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen mittels interaktiver Lernumgebungen am Beispiel der Analyse großer Datenmengen mit Patentinformationen für neue Nutzergruppen wie z. B. den Informationsspezialisten, welche in der Regel über wenig bis keine Kenntnisse z. B. über Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens verfügen. Mittels einer interaktiven Lernumgebung auf Grundlage von Scientific Workflows und Big-Data-Technologien können dabei neue Methoden des Text und Data Mining (TDM) effizient erlernt und im Rahmen praktischer Anwendungsfälle erprobt werden. This article deals with the interdisciplinary learning of data science, e.g. in the context of education and training measures by means of interactive learning environments for the analysis of large amounts of data with patent information for new user groups such as information specialists, who usually have little to no knowledge of e.g. machine learning. Using an interactive learning environment based on scientific workflows and big data technologies, new methods of text and data mining (TDM) can be efficiently learned and tested in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patents documents constitute an important information sources, in addition to their industrial and economy relevance. The present study analyzes the patent deposit in Brazil, based on verification of the largest depositor of patent indexed in the Derwent Innovations Index from 2004 to 2016. The study is qualitative with descriptive character. Its corpus is formed by the records of patents deposited in Brazil that were indexed in the database Derwent Innovations Index in the period highlighted. The research was performed with temporal delimitation from 2004 to 2016 and result in a total of 208.064 records. Data collection was performed in March 2017 and with the records collected a database exported to a MySQL database was created. To analyze and measure the collected data, Excel software, Thesa and Vosviewer were used to standardize the name of the institutions patent applicants, analysis and presentation of the results. Throughout the study, there was a predominance of multinational corporations in the largest filing of patents in Brazil, related to the areas of health, information technology and electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work two objectives are proposed: to explain how novelty, as a requirement for obtaining a patent, hinders the realization of open science regarding communication and use; and to determine the incentives that lead the industry to opt for open science in the proposed terms, leaving patenting aside. To achieve these objectives, the legaleconomic arguments that lead to consider the patent as an incentive for techno-scientific development, and how the "network effec" is restricted by those arguments, will be presented first. Secondly, the grace period is analyzed as an exception that prevents the disclosure of the invention, prior to the application for a patent, from destroying the novelty. Finally, the way the industry welcomes and encourages free software, a paradigmatic case of open science, is studied by identifying that the "network effect" generates a higher usefulness than other strategies of scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation and technology are considered as a subject of success and achievement to the firm. The comparative study represents an essential procedure to identify the innovation and technological capabilities of major players involved in the bioinformatics related inventions. The aim of the research is to map out the top firms and identify their strategically important technologies. In view of this, the comparative analysis of major firms in bioinformatics industry is carried out using patent information. Herein the top three assignees are considered and based on this further analysis is performed. The top companies' trend suggests that Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. is the major player in bioinformatics research. Thus, we have tried to develop an overview on their patenting trend and important concerned areas of research. Also, our results indicate that the application of computational tools is being utilized for most of the research areas like the study of genomics and proteomics, sequence categorization and their structural prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explain one of the current conceptions of geopolitics, where the main actors are no longer the States, but the Multinational Enterprises, which, using geostrategic tools such as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), commercialize and privatize derivatives of biodiversity . In this context, the case of patents of invention with biological and genetic resources in Colombia from 1993 to 2014 will be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, technological trends were identified for the production of sweetening syrup and the use of whey by means of a review of patents in the databases of Espacenet, Google Patent Search and the Superintendency of Industry and Commerce of Colombia (SIC). A total of 226 documents were found, out of those 119 are international patents, and 107 applications registered in the SIC. Only three documents deal with the production of sweetening syrup; the rest are mainly oriented to the extraction of the proteins contained in the whey and its application in different fields. It is concluded that there are currently technologies required for the production of whey sweetener syrup, and that the information obtained serves as a basis for the conceptual design of this process in the Colombian context. In the absence of a patent describing the whole process of producing whey syrup in conjunction with the obtaining of concentrates and protein isolates, an opportunity is opened to offer to the Colombian dairy sector a future technological package for the integral use of whey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer of technology is a process where it is possible to find factors of diverse nature, for example, patent and trademark rights. It is about intellectual creations with considerable value, such as, patents, industrial designs, know-how (in this case there are not exclusive rights but the commercialization is possible) and trademarks in relation with them. In the international context it exists different ways to regulate transfer of technology: concurrence laws and contractual laws. In this field, Cuba has not a great development, but it is possible to find different areas in the juridical system, such as, patent and trademark rights, investment law or economical contractual law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patent registration in Brazil and in the world has been verified as a developing markers in innovation, technology and economic growth. In this area of knowledge production, universities contribute in different ways in different regions for production, distribution and on sale of innovative products. The study objective is to analyze the production of patents produced in public academic institutions in the Northeast in ten years, with investment increasing and academic production. This is an exploratory and bibliographic research of scientific investigation based on data collected from the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), in scientific papers and other specialized sources. The results of this research reveal the institutions that stood out in the production of patents and have more research groups in this period. In addition, it highlights the need for dissemination and investment on innovation and technology in the academic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the enforceability of patent and trademarks licenses, ensuring the benefits of advertising such acts by the parties. Different legal systems treat the enforceability of these contracts are addressed. The main legal effects arising annotation licensing agreements, with special emphasis on the Cuban context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El 10 de diciembre de 1917 el maestro herrero de Cieza, Ángel Gil Molina, conseguía patente de invención por "un nuevo aparato para la construcción de herraduras". Artefacto que probó y perfeccionó para curvar las pletinas de acero en caliente, construyendo así las herraduras necesarias para abastecer a una ciudad con parada de sementales. El análisis de la patente que nos ocupa y el trabajo de su inventor nos permiten conocer más a fondo la historia de los maestros herradores y albéitares. Oicios ennoblecidos por los Reyes Católicos y necesarios para mantener y mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y sanidad de los animales de tiro y transporte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes some of the research experiences conducted at the University of Cauca In the field of biodegradable packaging as raw material derivatives agroindustrial processing of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Headings are addressed related to the formation of human talent, strengthening research groups participate, support from government agencies such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development-MARD- Colciencias and General Royalties System, relations with other institutions Higher Education in Colombia and abroad, participation in technological development centers, producers and industry organizations with collaborative work have enabled us to consolidate and strengthen the agribusiness chain of cassava in Cauca department. It also describes the processes in terms of intellectual property such as patents and licensing obtained, which strengthen the research group "Science and Technology of Agro-Interest Biomolecules CYTBIA-" leader in the field of bioplastics, and related information required with the creation of a "Spin Off" Technological Development and Innovation in biodegradable, which validates the impact of research developments directly in Science, Technology and Innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmaceutical industry comprises a sector of high investments in R&D, in order to generate innovations. Thereby, pharmaceutical companies develop new drugs that will result in new patents. TRIPS and WTO intend that the world's intellectual property rules became harmonized and each country signatory of the agreement was forced to fulfill the minimum conditions, among them, the granted patents in pharmaceutical area. The high prices of the drugs, and the abusive patent strategies by the pharmaceutical industry came in the question the public heath because they difficult the drug access by the population, and, by the other hand, guarantee unfair competitive advantages to the companies, and a penalization to the sick people, that need the treatment but do not have money to pay for it. The generic medications came out on Brazil's drugstores shelves in 2000 as an alternative to prevent abuse by the multinational pharmaceutical companies and as a hope for public health. Since its launch, its growth has been shown to be accelerated, contributing to reduce spending on drugs by the population and accessibility as well. The objective of this study is to analyze the opportunities and barriers for the production and entry of the generic drugs into Brazilian market from the point of view of industrial property. We emphasize that the incorporation of some TRIPS' flexibilities, subsides to the patents examination and the patents Pool tend to contribute to the generics' insertion into the market. On the other hand, the evergreening strategies practiced by the industry, and the confused examination guidelines adopted by the INPI difficult the generics' inclusion into the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the headlong increase in accessible information, and the need to adopt management systems which are sensitive to innovative dynamism, this article seeks to discover the strategies for searching the relevant information used by researchers in Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. For this, it resorts to contributions regarding information and organizational intelligence, the use of patent documents as tools for technological learning, and the potential of information and communications technology to improve research activity. Descriptive research showed that 62% of research groups have weaknesses in their strategies for finding relevant information. Since this situation stands in contrast to the ubiquity of codified knowledge, it is recommended that spaces be generated for learning in strategic organizational intelligence, information low management, and design and implementation of policy; and that research should be done on the extent to which administrative functions undertake organizational intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the relation between GDP of countries and patent applications issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the World Intellectual property Organisation (WIPO), and European Patent Office (EPO) through 2002-2005. The main trend of U.S. patenting applications and granted patents is presented over 40 years (1965-2005). The changes over time in the rate of patenting and the number of granted patents are exhibited. The Analyses of data showed that The USA is the leading country filing and granting patents followed by Japan and Germany respectively. The relationship between patent applications and gross domestic product (GDP) of the countries, with applications greater than 500 patents annually, is a linear relationship with a strong correlation coefficient ( R > 0.96), in contrast to the relation of patent applications to the population size R = 0.42 (power law). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pricing advanced medicines beyond the reach of the poor and encouraging neglect of diseases concentrated among them, the TRIPS Agreement produces avoidable death and disease on a massive scale. This injustice can be remedied through a Health Impact Fund that gives patent holders the option to price any new medicine at cost in exchange for annual reward payments based on this medicine's global health impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiapas is one of the most biodiversidad states in Mexico, because of its unique cultural diversity and also because of its native historical course over the natural resources and traditional knowledge, around which they have built their culture and identity. The interest, shown by the transnational companies, in patent alive organisms sets a "bio power that controls life, the living beings and the local population" (Foucault, 2000). This study is centred in how power is related to control and knowledge diffusion. The study considers the relation between the intellectual property rights and the new generation technologies that aloud the appropriation of living organisms in southern countries by the world biggest consortiums. Those same companies got fortified by the fact that the patents negotiations, for living organisms, are done in the World Trade Organization. That has as a consequence the raise of the risk of biopiracy and lost of biological richness on emergent countries. For the last, we analyze the risk of attempt of biopiracy in Chiapas by means of an agreement for the obtaining of intellectual property rights of herbolaria maya between some research institutions tied to biochemical and pharmaceutical companies, that looked for to legitimize the recognition of private rights over native common rights, by means of the appropriation of phytogenetic goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All companies attempt to keep their rivals from imitating the innovation they have just put on the market and thereby appropriate the profits it generates. The most widely used protection mechanisms are: patents, industrial secrets, complementary goods, and first mover advantages. The aim pursued is to elucidate the conditions each mechanism favours, in order to facilitate business decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Today the innovation is in the company an actitude and an activity forced in the mark of an economy that every day is based more on the knowledge .The intellectual property is a key factor in the decisions that take daily. It is practical generalized in the world, to protect the inventions by means of patents or utility models and the form creations by means of models or industrial design In both cases, the basic reason of the legal protection is the same one: to assure that the innovator has his creation exclusively and in consequence it capitalizes the necessary investment to obtain the innovation, so much for direct explotation or through licenses or grantees, protecting him in front of usurpations of third. Although it is certain that not all the companies develop patentable inventions, it exists the false idea that the patents are only applied to complex procedures and physical and chemical products or that they are only useful for the big companies; when in fact Patents or Models of Utility can be obtained for any sphere of the technology. The small and medium companies are usually the motive force that they impel the innovations that they appear every day in the market. Presently work is sought to demonstrate that most of the patents and models of utility are granted to inventions of smaller category, among those that figure improvements to well-known products and that therefore, the small and medium companies in Cuba have concrete possibilities to give a protection to many of the innovations presented through the science forum and technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]