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With the objective of contributing to the strengthening of the local innovation system (LIS), in Cuban municipalities, an analysis of the potential of the Cuban System of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and the results of the Local Agricultural Innovation Program (LAIP) is carried out, as a successful experience of open innovation, based on Knowledge Management and Innovation. Methods: Action research, documentary review, and expert opinion. Results: The current Cuban context with the new policies strengthens the STI System. The quintessential space for promoting a strong LIS is the municipality, as a starting point for seeking solutions to specific local problems. Local governments and administrations must achieve connectivity between generators of knowledge, results and technologies and their appropriators, and implement the regulatory and financial framework that favors scientific and technological development and innovation. PIAL has proven to be an effective tool to promote open innovation, reaching more than 753,550 people (35% women) from 75 municipalities in 12 provinces of the country. The Government Management System based on science and innovation (SGGCI), is an instrument that strengthens and consolidates open innovation experiences in food production and innovation systems at all levels connecting science with economy, in pursuit of the social economic development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third dimension of the university is associated with its contribution to economic and social development through its relationship with the business and the state and the articulation of the training, research, and innovation processes. Such coordination requires synergy between the different actors. Training professionals: with a high capacity for innovation and the ability to adapt/change the environment requires the best practices associated with this theme. The aim is to synthesize the good practices of the university-company relationship for a successful link in the professional training process. To this end, it delves into the concept of this relationship and the models described in the literature. It obtained a proposal of the steps in which this relationship materializes, its activities to develop, and the expected results of these steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginning of Science and Technology-Based Innovation (STI) policies in Cuba should be traced to 1961, with the so-called Literacy Campaign that declared the Nation as the First Latin-American Country Free from Illiteracy. From this moment to our days, Cuba has developed a significant Research and Development (R&D) infrastructure and committed human resources on Science, Technology and Innovation. This paper explores the links among Cuban Science, Technology and Innovation System and National Education System for the achievement of scientific technical achievements, within the context of the actualization of Cuban Model for Economic and Social Development. Also, It takes into consideration the role of education and training within a learning economy and Mode 1 to Mode 2 knowledge production process transition. A comprehensive approach to national, sectorial and local innovation systems actors and interactions with education and training experiences is discussed, as well as general reflections regarding Innovation and Education within the National Economic and Social 2030 Plan, which may contribute to a better understanding of the role of education within the Cuban National System of Technology and Innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of innovation systems depends, to a great extent, on the degree of public–private collaboration they involve. Thus, innovation policies often aim to enhance this collaboration through public–private partnerships. These partnerships are a multidimensional phenomenon whose success depends on factors related to each of their dimensions. This paper proposes the use of an analytical model that reflects the multidimensional nature of public–private partnerships and analyses to what extent they are applied in a specific innovation system in order to identify the territorial and sectorial factors that act as barriers or drivers to use them. This model aims to help policy makers design appropriate public–private partnerships in each context. The case under review is the Spanish innovation system, given that this system has been suffering from a structural lack of collaboration for several decades, despite the implementation of policies aimed to foster this. Thus, if the model works, it should be able to identify key factors that influence greater or more restricted use of the different PPP formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation activities at any level of the economy must be systemically articulated and integrated, so that they generate the necessary synergies between the different actors, to promote development and achieve higher levels of income, benefit and diversification of productions. Thus, the Cuban forestry sector is of vital importance for the socioeconomic development of the country, both for the social and environmental contribution made by forests and for their contribution to satisfying the demands of strategic sectors in terms of products and services; however, the inadequate functioning of the innovation process, among other causes, does not allow it to meet these demands. This paper aims to propose the components of the system for innovation management in the forestry sector in Cuba. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, inductivedeductive, content analysis, interview, survey and analysis of the network of actors, supported by the UNICET and NETDRAW 6,645 software. This allowed identifying the main strengths and weaknesses of the innovation process in the sector and proposing the components that should structure its innovation system. All the above contributes to the improvement of the sector's innovation process and serves as a benchmark for the design and implementation of policies and strategies, regarding its innovative performance and its contribution to the country's socioeconomic development with a view to the year 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of knowledge management poses great challenges, including identifying, acquiring, developing, sharing, using and retaining knowledge relevant to local development in each region. The research aimed at designing a knowledge management strategy for the Local Agro livestock Innovation System in the province of Pinar del Río. This was developed through non-experimental transectional-descriptive research, which was structured in four stages that were defined in the diagnosis of the knowledge management process in the Local Agro livestock Innovation System, the analysis of the SWOT Matrix, the structuring of the strategy and finally the validation of the strategy proposal by the Delphi method. The result of the weighting of the SWOT Matrix showed that the process of knowledge management in the Local Agro livestock Innovation System was found in the quadrant of reorientation, with an adaptive position. This result indicated that the conditions for the proposal of the strategy were (Mini-Maxi)- (Weaknesses-Opportunities), in which actions were designed to reduce the limitations of the weaknesses, in the maximum use of the opportunities that have been identified in the process of knowledge management in the Local Agro livestock Innovation System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this investigation is to explain the legal treatment done by university centers in Mexico, Chile and Spain for the commercialization of the results obtained from research. To do this, the internal regulation of research and its associated products is analyzed in public and private research centers of the afore mentioned countries based on the deductive method with a documentary design. It is concluded that labor inventions, and particularly the legal regime of inventions obtained in the framework of an employment contract or service provision in the universities of the countries studied, has two different treatments: one general and the other specific defined by the institution which hinders the protection of the economic and intellectual property rights of the products generated by the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research applies Nelson's (1993) primary typology of enterprises to understand why the propensity for innovation varies across ceramics district innovation systems in Europe. We use innovation systems and industrial district theories to explore the innovation capacity of the two most important ceramic tile industrial districts in Europe--Emilia Romagna in Italy and Castellon in Spain. Our analysis shows that, in both districts, innovation plays a decisive role in allowing companies to maintain competitiveness in a globalizing market. However, by comparing the composition of their district innovation systems, our analysis shows that: (i) although levels of competition in both districts are similar, cooperation is stronger in Italy; (ii) scarce technology and advanced service providers in Spain make it predominantly a follower in the adoption of innovation; (iii) higher innovation intensity in Italy is due to diffusion of technology from firms in neighbouring districts specialized in other industry sectors. We provide strong evidence indicating that differences in the industry mix shape both national and district innovation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of the Spanish Heritage Act of 1985, and the development of the construction sector (especially large infrastructure) during the first decade of the 21st century have been the major factors to trigger the rise of commercial archeology in Spain. The objective of this work is to characterize this emerging sector. We analyze the learning, interaction and innovation mechanisms between various actors, verifying whether the approach of sectoral systems of innovation and production can contribute to understanding industry dynamics and future developments, especially when the contextual conditions that led to the inception of this sector do not exist anymore. The lack of systematic data about the sector led to the search of a variety of sources to develop a companies database. The empirical study on the 273 registered companies was carried out in 2009. Results obtained in the study show the emergence of a sector composed of a great number of micro and small companies, whose employees are both, high skilled and have a strong focus on their local markets. This fact can be regarded as a consequence of the regulations the companies are subject to. Cooperation between the companies mentioned and other actors inside the system is high, and the interaction among them shows specific characteristics, significantly different from the ones observed in the rest ofprofessional scientific and technical business activities. The future of the sector will largely depend on its ability to increasing the size of its companies, and to diversify and expand to other markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international practice in Technology and Innovation Management (TIM) and the situation of the studied hotel organizations, about science and technology, provide the possibility of identifying the lack of procedures to evaluate the TIM, so, the objective of this paper is to create a procedure of evaluation and an improvement of the Technology and Innovation Management for hotel organizations with all included modality, which contributes to the improvement of its management and development of their processes. The main results are focused on the development of a general procedure, supported by specific procedures for: obtaining dimensions and markers to evaluate the TIM, calculating the markers and integral index of the TIM, designing and implementing improvement proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, over-exploitation of water re-sources is leading to their exhaustion. Therefore, it is necessary to foster re-search, technology development and innovation as the basis for a knowledge-based economy to create new tools to obtain, supply, treat and recycle water. In this work we present a general overview of the national and world situations, as well as two case studies in which our research group has been actively participating. The first case study shows the development of a value chain starting with the corn flour industry waste water, where the water recovered after processing is the outcome. The second study shows the development of a new process for pre-treatment of waste water in a meat industry. Through these cases, it is exposed our holistic vision of the problem, which has allowed the development of innovative projects with a key interactions among players to create new ideas in process/product or services for the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the R&D and innovation system in current societies is clear from the broad set of indicators and time series elaborated by statistic institutions, international organizations and other researchers, which have the purpose to know its structure and dynamics. Thus, we have to think carefully about the nature of these measures and the tools and methodology used to do it. In this work, we address two complementary questions: the first one is a conceptual dimension and refers to the difficulties of measuring intangible concepts; the second one assesses the consequences of adopting concrete methodological decisions to measure a phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]