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This paper describes an idea of a simple analytical microfluidics device that is used to infer levels of potassium concentration in a sample. The project is based on a paper-based device with capable barriers and a 50 mm microchannel which is subjected to wick the solution containing potassium salts. The wicking rate and the wicking time is calculated. The barrier is made out of cheap processes by using paraffin wax which is heated to 70 oC for about 10 minutes and then carefully applied and infused into the filter paper for required length. Various simulations are carried out and studies were analysed by using COMSOL Multiphysics to understand the wicking phenomenon and the impact of filter paper parameters such as porosity, pore size and pore distribution index on wicking rate. The dimensions of the microstrip is inferred from the simulation results and the designed strip is tested with KOH solution of closely varying concentrations. A common time is set and the wicking rate and fluid uptake is observed. It is realised that the output shows that wicking rate is inversely proportional to the concentration of solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper industry requires high water and energy consumption and produces large amounts of wastewater. Due to escalating global concerns on sustainability, wastewater must be processed to meet the environmental standards before being discharged from the plant. This study aims to develop a representative mathematical model as a simulation tool to predict the effluent quality and to determine the strategies for improvement scenarios. The kinetics parameter for microbial activity was determined from pseudo-steady-state operational historical data from Asia Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL) Kerinci Mill wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). APRIL Kerinci Mill WWTP is designed to remove the suspended solids and organic substances in the wastewater from integrated prehydrolysis kraft dissolving pulp (DP), bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP), and paper mill. This study presents simulation results for modelling using MATLAB Simulink. Steady-state simulation carried out in the model agreed well with average plant operational data and performance. A model simulation was used to predict and assess the effects of longer solids retention time (SRT) on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency. Based on the model prediction, longer SRT should be applied to increase COD removal further. Higher influent COD concentration does not have a significant impact on effluent COD as in a complete mix reactor, the influent substrate is immediately diluted to substrate concentration in the reactor. To overcome higher influent flows, biomass concentration in the system must be increased by increasing the recycle ratio. Increasing recycle ratio will impact lower wastage of sludge production and benefit sludge handling costs. The impact on oxygen requirement must also be considered, as aeration costs will be higher. Finding a suitable SRT need to incorporate economic and production efficiency. The model could be improved by considering other operational parameters' effects and cost reduction initiatives in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last few decades world has attempted to convert energy sources from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy, nevertheless, the growth rate of world energy consumption is still higher than the procurement of renewable energy generation facilities. Increasing power plant efficiency is surely will help to reduce the dependency of fossil fuel. An integrated pulp and paper mill – power plant is using co-firing system to generate its power by having 6 different biomass (coal, bark, palm shell, EFB, brown fiber and effluent sludge) which most of them have high moisture content. This work aimed to study the actual current performance of power plant and see improvement that can be obtained by reducing moisture content of effluent sludge with variation 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%. According to the analysis, it is found that current overall energy and exergy efficiency of power plant is 55.9% and 19.26%. Overall exergy efficiency is increased by 1% by reduce effluent sludge moisture content from 60% to 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of biodigesters in the production of biogas through the application of anaerobic treatment to waste paper and canteen contents. Components and Methods of Research: The biodigester's waste, which included paper and garbage from the canteen, was collected for analysis on day 14. When determining the levels of biogas for both groups, a smart biogas metre was utilised. At a significance threshold of 0.05, a confidence interval of 95 percent, and a G-power of 80 percent, a total of 28 samples were determined, with 14 samples of each of the two groups being included in the analysis. According to the findings, the biodigester was given fourteen samples of waste materials throughout a span of fourteen days. These samples included garbage from canteens and paper, totaling fourteen samples. When compared to canteen waste, the biodigester produced 4.56 cubic metres of biogas from paper waste (10.20 m3). As a result of the investigation, paper waste produced a lower amount of biogas than canteen waste. As indicated by the p-value of 0.004 (p<0.05), the independent t-test samples demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the two groups. One other piece of evidence that demonstrates a statistically significant difference between the two sets of data is provided by this. A conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the anaerobic treatment of canteen trash results in the production of more biogas than paper waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of biodigesters in the production of biogas through the application of anaerobic treatment to waste paper and canteen contents. Components and Methods of Research: The biodigester's waste, which included paper and garbage from the canteen, was collected for analysis on day 14. When determining the levels of biogas for both groups, a smart biogas metre was utilised. At a significance threshold of 0.05, a confidence interval of 95 percent, and a G-power of 80 percent, a total of 28 samples were determined, with 14 samples of each of the two groups being included in the analysis. According to the findings, the biodigester was given fourteen samples of waste materials throughout a span of fourteen days. These samples included garbage from canteens and paper, totaling fourteen samples. When compared to canteen waste, the biodigester produced 4.56 cubic metres of biogas from paper waste (10.20 m3). As a result of the investigation, paper waste produced a lower amount of biogas than canteen waste. As indicated by the p-value of 0.004 (p<0.05), the independent t-test samples demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the two groups. One other piece of evidence that demonstrates a statistically significant difference between the two sets of data is provided by this. A conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the anaerobic treatment of canteen trash results in the production of more biogas than paper waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy and exergy analysis of the Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP) Pangkalan Kerinci are described in this article. This article's main goals are to study the system components independently and to locate and quantify the locations with the greatest energy and exergy losses. The analysis with the first law and second law of thermodynamics which are able to observe comprehensively the irreversibility of each component in the system is carried out due to the low efficiency of the steam power plant. The investigation is performed with the actual data obtained from the plant. From the evaluation results, the Pump II Component has the highest Exergetic Efficiency (95%), while the Feed Water Tank (FWT) component has the lowest Exergetic Efficiency (30.68%). The Boiler component has the largest exergy destruction value (454.2548 MW), while the Pump component has the smallest exergy destruction value (0.0006 MW). Next, the FWT component has the largest Exergy Destruction Ratio value (69.32%), while the Pump I component has the smallest Exergy Destruction Ratio (0.79%) at the steam power plant. In addition, the investigation of the ambient temperature effects on the performance of the plant was also carried out. From the results that have been investigated, the ambient temperature significantly affects the performance of each component. Some components are at their best performance when the ambient temperature reaches 23°C and the condenser has the lowest efficiency when the environmental pressure in the power plant reaches 1.5 bar (64.8%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work relates to the development of recycled paper from waste paper with the objective of optimization of the composition. The paper properties are much affected with composition like amount of waste paper, fresh paper, cotton shreds, adhesives and water. Samples were made by taking different composites and tests were performed to evaluate properties i.e. thickness, coefficient of friction, moisture content, scott bond strength, tensile strength. The testing concluded that the samples which were having cotton shreds and adhesives showed very good results closer to the fresh paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is constantly in demand worldwide for use in printing, packaging, and other applications. This is because additional contemporary uses of paper have been discovered. Alternatives to wood and less costly raw materials are currently being sourced in order to meet the rising demand brought on by a beneficial technological disruption. The majority of papers are crafted from virgin wood pulp from hardwood sources, but recently, softwood has earned enormous potential as an alternative to hard wood since the hardwood takes a substantial number of years to grow sufficiently to be used in the paper and pulp industry in contrast to softwood, which are primarily annual plants. It has been suggested that a number of agricultural food crop leftovers, such as rice husks, maize straw, okra stalks, corn stalks, banana bunches, pineapple leaves, and corn husks, which in many places do not have immediate practical applications, could be sources of pulp. This investigation examines the strength characteristics of paper samples made from a pulp mix of corn husks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients now seek a newer, more advanced healthcare system that is faster and more personalized in order to keep up with modern living. In light of this, modern healthcare systems utilize a variety of technology such as fifth generation networks, mobile computing techniques and IoT. Every node creates data at all times to share with the others. Integration with smart devices, the most popular cloud-based architecture, would provide excellent support for data exchange across all concerned parties. Many research has been done in this field. This review paper presents how the path for 5G is made possible by edge computing, a novel technology that brings cloud capabilities closer to end user. In addition, other critical features are also examined, such as the main components required for effective 5G deployment and the uses for edge computing in 5G. The paper also discusses the problems in healthcare industry in India and thereafter concluded with some technological solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to more paperless environments has been facilitated over time by technology, which has made it very simple to create digital records that are simple to retrieve, access, and save. Even though printed documents have a reputation for being too complicated and ineffective, they are nonetheless widely employed to communicate important information to individuals. Technology advancements have increased the need to authenticate essential hardcopy papers as the problem of counterfeit documents keeps becoming worse. Technology has advanced throughout time to make it relatively simple to create digital documents that are simple to keep, retrieve, and access. This has encouraged a shift toward more paperless environments. Even though printed documents have historically been seen as unwieldy and ineffective, they continue to be widely employed to disseminate pertinent information to the public. As technology has advanced and the problem of counterfeit documents has gotten worse, there is an increasing need to authenticate crucial hardcopy documents. These days, it takes less effort to falsify a hardcopy document because they are inherently unsafe and most don't have digital signatures or passwords like digital papers do. The issue of falsified documents, especially in the form of digital documents, has been addressed using a large variety of ways. Given that the utility of these papers is now unquestionable, the study into safeguarding them is beginning to gather a lot of traction. In the suggested method, Custom Blockchain technology is employed to put into practice effective methods that should not only be efficient but also economical, and implemented efficiently to secure the security of a document in order to make sure that illegal alterations can be identified. Additionally, efforts are being made to use OCR, cryptographic methods, and Blockchain to create an efficient, straightforward, and quick way of document integrity verification. If a QR code is compromised, false document detection is also made simple through cellphones and is also made available through servers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based food packaging serves to maintain product quality for a longer period. The addition of nanocellulose as a coating agent on paper can improve the quality of the recycled paper. Modification of nanocellulose with Al3+ can occur due to the interaction between Al3+ ions and the electrostatic negative surface charge of nanocellulose which can degrade microbial cells. Modification of nanocellulose was carried out by soaking it in AlCl3 solution then homogenized by an ultrasonic wave which was used for defibrillation of nanocellulose and encourage crosslinking of nanocellulose and Al3+ ions. The paper coating technique uses a deep coating by immersing the paper in modified nanocellulose suspension. The variations of AlCl3 concentration used were 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 N as much as 25 ml on 1 g dry base nanocellulose. The concentrations of nanocellulose used were 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g in 25 ml of Al3+ solution. The results of paper water absorption and WVTR test showed that modified nanocellulose can reduce the absorption of water vapor and water absorption from the paper, so it has water resistance. Nanocellulose coated can increase the hydrophobicity of the paper based on contact angle test. Antimicrobial test on coating paper also showed antimicrobial activity on E.coli test bacteria and not on S. aureus bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major aim of this study is to compare the power generation of carbon felt electrode and carbon paper electrode operated Microbial fuel cells (MFC) using restaurant wastewater. Restaurant wastewater samples were collected from MFC with carbon felt electrode (N=13) and carbon paper electrode (N=13) operated for 10 days (G power 80%). Voltage was measured using a multimeter and current, power, power density was calculated from it for both groups. The Power generation was found to be high in MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (410 mW/m2) due to its active surface area, strong conductivity, and good biocompatibility compared to carbon paper electrode (121 mW/m2). The independent sample T-test was done which showed that the power generation of MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (p<0.001) found to be significantly higher compared with MFC operated with carbon paper electrode. The study shows that carbon felt electrode operated MFC is able to achieve higher power generation compared to carbon paper electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology allows the automation of tasks and greatly advances the industrial revolution. There are numerous applications of nanotechnologies in various industries. Some of them are in the electronics, pharmaceutical industries, packing papers and printing, food and beverages industries, paper and pulp industries, textile industries, and construction industries. In nanotechnology, there are so many different Nano devices like smart semiconductor nanocrystal, carbon Nano tube, graphene, nanoscale CMOS devices etc. In this review paper, fabrication technology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been explained. Techniques for fabricating carbon nanotubes have been described. The advantages of Nano devices in the future manufacturing and industrial applications by automation of systems are elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the preparation and characterization of paper towels from watermelon rind waste. The paper towel manufacturing process had several stages: the drying process, pulping process, bleaching process, and printing process. There were five treatments, including paper towels use of NaOH 2.5 M with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with additives, and paper towels use of 1 NaOH with different drying time (110 oC for 60 minutes with ten days of the natural drying). Several characterizations have been employed, such as physical and mechanical properties and optical and chemical properties. The treatments of paper towels were tested, and the test results were compared with SNI 7891: 2017. From the FTIR test, it was observed that the functional groups formed from paper towels from watermelon rind waste. From the Microscope test, paper towels from watermelon skin should be added with materials with long fibers. Based on Physical and Mechanical Characterization, paper towels comply with the SNI. Based on optical characterization, it complies with the SNI for treatments 4 and 5. Chemical characterization is higher than standard. It can be concluded that the natural paper towels from watermelon rind waste comply with the standard of SNI ISO 7891:2017 about Basic Paper towels within the parameter of grammage and water absorption capacity, Tensile strength except for the parameter of tensile strength, pH extract, and fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Smart Parking System, which creatively handles urban parking constraints, is introduced through the integration of IoT sensors for real-time parking availability data. This technology enables users to make intelligent parking decisions by fusing real-time occupancy detection from the Internet of Things with a friendly online interface, reducing traffic congestion, maximizing resource utilization, and advancing urban planning. Successful implementation of this solution necessitates proficiency in IoT integration, web and mobile app development, and efficient stakeholder interaction in order to ensure that strong data protection measures are in place. In the end, this innovative parking management strategy may raise urban living standards and promote environmentally friendly urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigates the transformational role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in mental health analysis and healthcare. This study investigates the integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technology to solve mental health concerns by synthesising findings from a wide range of studies. The report includes several references, including bibliometric research by that examines growing trends in applying Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques to explore mental health concerns among students. This study also demonstrates the promise of Machine Learning in healthcare by developing a multi-functional machine learning platform for precision medicine. This article provides an overview of varied uses of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in mental health research. The article demonstrates Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning potential to transform mental health diagnosis, prediction, and treatments, ushering in a new age of data-driven, personalised, and accessible mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence and stock market analysis has sparked a paradigm change in current knowledge of financial markets and investing methods. The current study contains a review and thorough examination on the uses, problems and possibilities of Artificial Intelligence-driven methodologies in stock market analysis. Stock trading, forecasting, recommendation systems, risk management, and portfolio selection are the common domains of Artificial Intelligence in this field. This study provides an in-depth examination of Artificial Intelligence's influence on stock market trading, as well as a critique and research agenda for Artificial Intelligence in stock market forecasting, investigate the efficacy of Artificial Intelligence-based machine learning algorithms in forecasting market trends. This synthesis concludes with a decisive perspective on the revolutionary potential of artificial intelligence in stock market analysis. This review contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Artificial Intelligence's tremendous effect on transforming financial landscapes by deconstructing the history of approaches, difficulties, and future possibilities. As financial markets change, the findings in this study provide a complete roadmap for scholars, practitioners, and stakeholders traversing the complex landscape of Artificial Intelligence-driven stock market analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones have changed social interaction and communication by changing how individuals communicate with one another. There are several impediments to this paradigm change, particularly in terms of posture. The increased usage of cellphones has altered how we communicate, work, and have fun. However, concerns have been raised about the impact of cellphones on human health, particularly on neck posture and mobility, as a result of their constant and occasionally improper use. This study examines existing studies on the influence of smartphone use on neck posture and mobility in depth. The review contains studies from a wide range of domains, including ergonomics and healthcare, with a focus on methodologies, findings, and consequences for both researchers and the general community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is now an integral feature of humanoid existence in a multitude of ways, and it is getting more and more popular. In ordinary life, a massive portion of paper is consumed. The difficulty of finding feedstock is becoming ever more acute as paper consumption rises. This ultimately led to the extraction of resources. Since the demand for paper has skyrocketed, recycling paper has become much more popular. The accumulation of vast quantities of waste paper in any big organization, notably institutions of higher education such as schools and universities, seems to be fairly prevalent. It's also worthwhile to make optimum use of recyclable materials (office files, craft papers, registers, etc.). A recyclable machine will help minimise energy consumption and paper waste. The valuable feature of salvaging would be that it lessens the environmental impact by a couple of percent. The design and fabrication of both humanly and remotely controlled paper recycling programmes are studied using previous literature. producing a lightweight, easily handled composting machinery that can be deployed to ease the process and reduce the cost of paper production. Then the effluents would be treated employing various natural filters due to paper recycling. Hibiscus, gooseberry, and vetiver are being used to treat the contaminated water. All of these constituents operate together to clear the water of surplus particles. Waste water treatment is indeed a process of preventing impurities from effluent and transferring them to an effluent that may be recycled into the water cycle. The process of turning waste water into fresh water that can be dispersed directly into the ecosystem. The effluent holds a variety of natural substances, which may also degrade the overall quality of the water. As nothing more than a corollary, water treatment principally helps to clear debris and other pathogens. The level of trash, which is routinely emitted into the ether, is reduced in terms of treatment of wastewater, boosting the atmosphere's health. In this study, both paper reutilization and waste water treatment studies are carried out using various literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, BLDC motors have become important motors for their many applications. Some of these applications require precise position and speed control, such as paper and textile mills, robots and CNC machines, etc. These and other applications require an accurate tracking trajectory of the movement. In this paper, design a cascade P-PI controller to control the position of the BLDC motor. This cascade controller consists of three controllers, one for current control, one for speed control, and the last for position control. In addition, the DC-link current can be used in block current control. Parameter values of these three controllers are calculated and extracted using the two new methods which are: SSO and GWO. The simulation result proves the power of the cascade P-PI controllers to reject disturbances, in addition, the results showed SSO Algorithm is better than the GWO algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Sikacrete and Novel Hypo Sludge in improving the mechanical qualities of concrete. Investigate the impact that a number of environmental elements, including cycles of freezing and thawing, chemical agents, and high temperatures, have on the durability of concrete when it is coupled with Novel Hypo Sludge and Sikacrete. The Methods and the Materials: The new hypo sludge (paper pulp) concrete, which is produced by partially replacing cement with sikacrete and is compared to the standard M25 grade concrete, has a higher compressive strength than the standard concrete. Results: During this experimental examination, the impact of adding hypo sludge in the typical range of 30 percent on the stability properties of concrete was investigated. This was accomplished by analysing the compressive strength of grade M25 concrete after 28 days, using a cube dimension of 150mm×150mm×150mm. The results of the studies indicate that concrete with Novel Hypo Sludge performs significantly better than concrete that merely contains cement. Regular concrete had an average compressive strength of 26.09 N/mm2, but concrete that contained thirty percent Novel Hypo Sludge had a compressive strength of 32.92 N/mm2. According to the statistical analysis, the accuracy rate of comparing Novel Hypo sludge and Conventional concrete is considered statistically significant. The p value for this comparison is 0.000 (p<0.05), and it is two-tailed. In conclusion, the incorporation of Novel Hypo Sludge, which is composed of paper pulp, into Cement and SikaCrete results in a significant improvement in the compressive strength test performance of HSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Sikacrete and Novel Hypo Sludge in improving the mechanical qualities of concrete. Investigate the impact that a number of environmental elements, including cycles of freezing and thawing, chemical agents, and high temperatures, have on the durability of concrete when it is coupled with Novel Hypo Sludge and Sikacrete. The Methods and the Materials: The new hypo sludge (paper pulp) concrete, which is produced by partially replacing cement with sikacrete and is compared to the standard M25 grade concrete, has a higher compressive strength than the standard concrete. Results: During this experimental examination, the impact of adding hypo sludge in the typical range of 30 percent on the stability properties of concrete was investigated. This was accomplished by analysing the compressive strength of grade M25 concrete after 28 days, using a cube dimension of 150mm×150mm×150mm. The results of the studies indicate that concrete with Novel Hypo Sludge performs significantly better than concrete that merely contains cement. Regular concrete had an average compressive strength of 26.09 N/mm2, but concrete that contained thirty percent Novel Hypo Sludge had a compressive strength of 32.92 N/mm2. According to the statistical analysis, the accuracy rate of comparing Novel Hypo sludge and Conventional concrete is considered statistically significant. The p value for this comparison is 0.000 (p<0.05), and it is two-tailed. In conclusion, the incorporation of Novel Hypo Sludge, which is composed of paper pulp, into Cement and SikaCrete results in a significant improvement in the compressive strength test performance of HSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of technology in the era of data transfer technologies over the internet has increased interest in data preservation. This data can contain sensitive and personal data such as medical data, personal photos, and bank information. However, the data is always at risk, it can be used to steal, blackmail, or even threaten safety. Video steganography is the most interesting hiding method to conserve data by hiding secret information in video frames. The video has a complex structure and can have a large amount of confidential data, making it better than other hiding techniques such as text and images. Moreover, data protection will double if this data is encrypted before the merge with video steganography. This paper focuses on comparing various video steganography and cryptography techniques. Also, an analysis of the evaluation parameters for cryptography and steganography techniques. Overall, this paper gives a comprehensive understanding of data protection techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from conventional paper-based records to technologically enhanced Electronic Health Records incorporating federated learning has played a crucial role in the dynamic field of healthcare. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of health record systems, encompassing a thorough analysis of the historical development and technological achievements within this field. The focus is directed on doing a comparative analysis of efficiency, accuracy, and data security at each stage. Moreover, the present study investigates the effects of federated learning on the preservation of data privacy and the facilitation of collaborative medical research within the context of modern healthcare environments. The primary findings indicate that despite ongoing hurdles, the integration of electronic health records (EHRs) with federated learning holds significant potential for advancing patient care to an unprecedented degree. This study is of relative interest to practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is about the characterization of pulp and paper from sago fiber waste. The process has several stages: preparing a solution, sago fiber analysis, pulping process, and printing process. The required solutions are NaOH solution (technical), 10% BaCl2 solution, 0.1 N HCl solution, 60% ethanol solution, phenolphthalein indicator solution, 1% starch indicator solution, sindur methyl indicator solution of NaOH titration, borax solution, Na₂S solution (technical), and THIO solution (1 N; 0.1 N). The pulping process is carried out by inserting sago fiber and solutions into a rotary digester machine for 4 hours (170oC). Then, it is removed after 24 hours and dried by a spinner machine. Characterizations on the sample include: chemical and physical properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties. The result shows that sago fiber waste can be used as raw material for paper. The value of grammage of 62 g/m2, thickness of 0.1294 mm, water absorption capacity of 627.27 g/m2, water content of 9.83%, ash content of 26.26%, pH of 7.9, tensile strength of 14.22 MD and 13.33 CD, brightness of 19.8%, and opacity 22.78. The pore diameter of the paper is 4.608 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super teak is a fast grown species of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) derived from several clones. This has facilitated plantation rotations as short as 5 years. The main target of conventional plantation teak was initially for high value logs. Young teak wood from plantation forest usually has a small diameter. Moreover, the wood from very young stems is unsuitable for direct utilization, but advance wood processing technology can improve the wood properties of small diameter logs. This study aimed to assess the potential utilization of young super teak for high quality products namely furniture, flooring, and veneer, and assess the possibility of the use of manufacture waste for pulp paper and wood pellets as side products. The evaluation were carried out according to the National Indonesian Standard and other international standard requirements. 18 logs from wet (Bogor) and dry (Magetan) sites representing large, medium, and small diameter classes were collected. According to SNI 01-0608-1989 Timber for Furniture, 5-year-old super teak was suitable for furniture production. Furthermore, according to SNI 7732.1: 2011: Teak Veneer, the super teak was classified as Grade C because of the presence of sapwood, pinholes, tight and lose knots. According to Australian Timber Flooring Association, 5-year-old super teak was classifiesd as soft flooring group, the same group as mature teak & radiata pine. The young super teak was classified as Class Quality/Group II with very low active alkali consumption and low Kappa Number according to Indonesian wood fibre criteria for pulp and paper materials and Association of Pulp and Paper in Brazil. Finally, based on SNI 802: 2014 Wood Pellet, the super teak was recommended as by-products for utilising the wood waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variation of fly ash and pulp paper composition at 110°C for 6 hours was carried out to discern the effect of fly ash and pulp paper addition in papercrete. sixth variations in paper pulp and fly ash composition were employed to perceive the characteristic that occurs in the sample. The papercrete material composition was weighed, mixed until it became homogeneous and then casted in a mold with a size of 18 x 5 x 2 cm3. Papercrete samples were allowed to stand within the mold at room temperature for 24 hours and released from the mold to stand again for the next 24 hours, after which it heated at 110°C for 6 hours. Characterization using XRF, SEM-EDX as well as Mechanical and physical tests carried out after the samples was cold. Papercrete with sample code K6 has the highest flexural strength and density value of 2.03 MPa and 2.4 gr/cm3 while papercrete with sample code K1 has the lowest flexural strength and porosity value of 0.4 MPa and 17.89%. Characterization shows that the chemical composition of the samples was dominated by the oxide compound CaO and SiO2 in papercrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary era, ensuring security is imperative for safeguarding information and assets, preventing unauthorized access, data breaches, and maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of systems. This study delves into Image Security, employing encryption algorithms for image protection, comparing steganographic methods for dissemination security, and applying digital watermarking algorithms to protect image copyrights. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this survey paper explains the comparative strengths, weaknesses, and complexities of various approaches utilized in this fusion. Furthermore, it describes the challenges encountered, potential and outlines future research trajectories, aiming to acquire advancements in secure image transmission methodologies. The system addresses the need for robust security measures in handling image data. By using these techniques, it aims to enhance image security, detect unauthorized access or manipulation, and enable authenticated transmission across various platforms. This research contributes to the advancement of secure image transmission methodologies, addressing the increasing concerns regarding data privacy, integrity, and ownership in today's interconnected digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality and productivity are the things that are most often the focus of discussion in the production process. PT. Papertech Indonesia is one of the companies producing cardboard products or paper board industry (hard paper). The products produced in addition to core paper also produce other types of paper including: Chip Board, Super Chip Board, Cone Board, Core B. In producing paper, the thing that most affects the quality of a product is the change grade or the change in the type of product. If at the time of change grade there is an error in the settings it will cause problems, namely sheet break or broken paper. Sheet Break is broken paper which can cause a decrease in machine productivity and add defective products in the warehouse, this defect product is meant to not meet the specifications of the consumer. Six Sigma approaches and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) used in this study to determine the sigma level value for sheet breaks, factors that cause sheet breaks and find solutions to reduce risk. The results showed that there are two machines that often experience Sheet Break, namely Couch Roll & Lumbreaker and Dryer 1st Group machines which are caused by various factors. Based on the value of the Risk Priority Number which is the largest for the cause of Sheet Break, namely unstable vacuum during Change Grade, Lack of understanding and skills in the Change Grade state, Lack of understanding of the steps for Change Grade. Based on these results, recommendations are given to minimize the causes of priority Sheet Breaks carried out for each category and each cause, one of the recommendations given is the use of appropriate vacuum equipment, conducting regular monitoring, training employees and implementing Kaizen. With these recommendations, PT. Indonesian papertech can use these recommendations as a form of improvement in order to minimize the occurrence of sheet breaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the performances of cationic starch (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC-Na) as dry strength additives (DSA). The CS and CMC-Na were incorporated with to pulp slurry in different dosages (0.5%-2.0%) during stock preparation. The basic weight of 80 g/m2 was made for each treatment. The results showed that the utilization of CMC-Na had better mechanical properties compared to the CS for all treatments. In general, apparent density and mechanical properties were significantly affected by the addition of DSA. However, through the observation of the experiment, the enhancing effect of CMC-Na on mechanical properties of wastepaper was much higher than using CS except for tear strength. The FESEM imaging results can also help prove the best DSA used in wastepaper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, development in the pulp and paper industry requires extensive cutting of trees, which in effect contributes to deforestation. The dramatic growth in demand for wood supply, combined with the increasingly increasing cost of timber, has created a surge of interest in the use of non-wood plant fibres for paper production in widely developed countries. The use of waste material in pulping and paper-based industries could be beneficial as it helps prevent the need for disposal, which currently increases agricultural costs and causes environmental deterioration due to pollution and fires. The manufacture of sugarcane bagasse paper may help to minimize deforestation in the development of paper utilizing wood, which also contributes to the creation of biodegradable, biocompatible, and eco-friendly paper utilizing non-wood fibre. This would help the industry to develop sustainable technology in the current economy and environmental order. In the meantime, the magnetic material inside the paper acts as a filler can improves the quality and strength of the paper. While the incorporation of paper radiation will also improve the quality of pulp production, by preventing the presence of fungi on paper. This will be widely used on food wrapping or packaging that is clean is the most important aspect that should be taken to prevent food from being damaged. Biodegradable implies that it can be spontaneously broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi under some circumstances such as temperature, humidity and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for cement has grown due to the rapid growth of the building sector. Cement manufacture, on the other hand, produces more greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. As a result, different construction materials must be sought. Paper pulp is made from waste from the paper industry. Every year, the paper industry consumed a significant amount of land in the surrounding area. Some wastes are thrown on land as a disposal method, while some businesses burn their industrial waste in incinerators, causing serious air pollution issues. The impact of employing paper pulp and crushed stone dust as partial replacements in concrete is discussed in this study. The advantages of using paper pulp with crushed stone are explored in this study. Furthermore, this research presents the findings of an experimental inquiry for M35 grade concrete employing wastepaper as an extra ingredient in concrete mixes for housing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulase enzymes in the refining process in paper making are known to reduce energy and grinding costs. The industry requires large amounts of cellulases related to the low activity of cellulases produced. The optimization process is known to increase the value of cellulase activity produced. In the process of cellulase production, carbon sources based on cellulose waste, such as grass and bagasse, can reduce production costs. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimum fermentation carbon source that produces the highest cellulase activity between grass and bagasse by actinomycetes ID07–287. It also aims to increase the value of cellulase activity by optimizing the concentration of selected carbon sources and the pH of the fermentation media. This research includes the preparation of grass biomass and bagasse, the production of cellulase enzymes for the selection of the optimum carbon source, and the optimization of the production of carbon source concentrations and the pH of the fermentation media. Based on the research results, it is known that grass is the best fermentation carbon source, with an activity value of 0.086 U/mL. The results of optimization of production, at a concentration of 2%, is the optimum concentration with an activity value of 0.099 U / mL and the pH of the fermentation media 9 produces an optimum activity value of 0.107 U/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase energy security or to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions, the use of biodiesel fuel is continuously increased. This effort is carried out by increasing the composition of biodiesel in the biodiesel blends. One of other considerations regarding the use high composition biodiesel blends above 20% (B20) is the concern of fuel filter blockage or shorten the life time. Various efforts have been done to overcome filter blocking problems due to the use of biodiesel, so that mitigation can be carried out. One of the evaluations of the effect of using palm oil biodiesel with a high composition above 20% has been carried out by acceleration testing in a test rig with additional dust contaminants. The test used fuel filter paper with a porosity of 30 micron with variations in the composition of the test fuel, namely pure diesel/B0 (Pertadex), B30, B50 and B70. The test was carried out by flowing the test fuels through filter paper in a DENSO standard test rig in temperature ambient (around 29°C). Filter blocking was recorded by the differential pressure (delta pressure) between before and after of the test filter paper. The results show that for the pure diesel and biodiesel blends without any contaminants, there is no increase in the differential pressure. Otherwise, for the addition of 3 grams of contaminants per 15 liters of test fuels, a higher biodiesel composition will result in a faster increase in the filter differential pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained from the analyses performed on seaweed and paper made with algal biomass addition using different analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma-ray emission (PIGE). The analyzed samples consisted of seaweed from the Ulva rigida C. Agardh 1823 species collected from the Black Sea coast, Romania, and filter papers with different mass addition (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) of seaweed. Seaweed introduced into the paper can dislodge some of the cellulose fibers, helping to reduce the amount of stranded seaweed that is currently not valorized in Romania. From the analysis of the results, it results that no potential toxic elements have been identified in the algae structure and the algal biomass could be used in the filter paper manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current work, the paper mill effluent is treated with electro-coagulation used as a iron and aluminum as sacrificial materials. Various operating parameters such as pH, treatment time and applied voltage were assorted and their influence on efficiency of electro-coagulation was studied. From the experimental investigation it has been found out that at optimum operating conditions like pH 7, treatment time 60 min and applied voltage 20V, COD and Turbidity removal efficiency were highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of insecticides on local product filter paper can be made in three ways: droplet use pipette, manual spray, and printing spray. Insecticides play an essential role in a paper, mainly used for testing susceptibility. The way the insecticide is applied affects the distribution on the paper surface. The purpose of calculating the distribution of insecticides on local filter paper is to determine the amount of insecticide in the cavity volume of ordinary paper. The research aims to get the data quality of impregnated paper local production with various spray techniques. To determine the volume of voids on paper and determine the distribution of insecticides can be using ImageJ software. The type of paper used is locally produced filter paper with insecticide lambda cyhalothrin with a predetermined concentration. The study results showed that with the spray machine method, the distribution of insecticides was more evenly distributed than the standard spray method. The range of paper cavity volumes with a spray machine is shorter than the volume range of paper cavities sprayed manually (0.005113), while those with ordinary sprays are (0.007349). These differences indicate that the spray machine is better than the manual spray method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the structure of silk fibers and ways of efficient use of fiber waste. Based on the analysis of the composition and structure of the fibers, it is possible to use them for paper production. The use of short staple fibers in the production of stock paper and the processes of preparing them for incorporation into paper pulp are widely covered. Information is provided on the technological process of cleaning fibers before adding them to paper pulp. The influence of the mass fraction of fibers in paper on its strength, breaking and tearing has been thoroughly analyzed and illustrated by means of graphs. For the production of high-quality paper, for example, valuable paper, for the preparation of paper used in printing, drawing, painting, etc. Fiber semi-finished products must be cut to the required length and separated into individual fibrils before crushing (grinding). The technology of preparation of natural silk waste as raw material for paper production is presented. In addition to silk fiber cotton fiber was also studied in the research work. Theoretically, the effect of fibers in tearing and breaking of paper is shown in the pictures. The use of fibers in the production of anti-counterfeiting paper and the process of adding them to the pulp are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of a natural compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf by determining bactericidal and or bacteriostatic effect to check antimicrobial efficacy on the pathogenic microorganisms. Bioactive compound extracted in different solvents i.e distilled water, ethanol, and methanol, and its effectivity was determined by measuring the zone of clearance (1 group and 96 samples per group by keeping threshold 0.05 and G power 80%, coincidence interval 95%, and enrollment ratio as 1) by agar diffusion method using kanamycin (30) as a control for the different time period (24 Hrs, 48Hrs and 72Hrs) at 37°C. Promising results were found for the zone of clearance in Escherichia.coli with a significance of about P<0.001 in the ethanol extract after 72 hours of incubation. Compared to 10% extract application where growth of S.aureus was reduced to 4%, addition of 100% crude inhibits bacterial growth up to 95% approximately. For S.aureus and E.coli though ethanol extract was found effective however no significant effect was observed for inhibiting Pseudomonas. Novel bioactive compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf was found effective against pathogens and can be used as a natural component with antimicrobial efficacy in the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify journals, authors, and papers related to influencer marketing and its applications within five years (2018-2022). It uses bibliometric methods and the Scopus database to identify 144 documents in journal articles and conference proceedings. The results showed that more than 85% were journal articles, and the rest were conference papers. During this period, 359 authors were found, with 16 authors being single authors and 343 authors being multiple authors. Despite the relatively small number of articles, the number of citations reached 2518 in Scopus, and the average number of citations per article was 19.26. Liselot Hudders, with four publications affiliated with Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium, was the main contributor to this study. Regarding sources, the Journal of Digital and Social Media Marketing ranked her at the top of the five most essential sources for research on influencer marketing. The results show that "social media" is the top keyphrases and will continue to grow from 2017 until its peak in 2022. It was followed by "social media marketing" and "Instagram." These three are the most important keywords during this period, which allows us to see the development trend of influencer marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem that the society is facing now-a-days is the tedious process which are involved in disposal and handling the huge quantities of food and paper waste generated in India. The waste is discarded or fired, in roads which cause air pollution, a harmful gas, land pollution, smoke, particulates and residue may enter in to a water resource. Since these pollute the environment, these wastes are utilized efficiently and converted in to a useful product which must be eco-friendly. This current research is to produce lactic acid (LA) using various type of wastes such as food and paper sludge. Since LA can be synthesized only by two methods; one is chemical synthesis where natural sources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas are mainly used as a substrate. Another one is microbial synthesis in which carbohydrates such as sugar or starch is converted in to an alcohol or an acid. Most probably, both bacterial and fungal species are used and about 70-80% uses fermentation for the manufacture of Lactic acid. The mixed culture medium of lactobacillus delbrueckii and streptococcus. Sp strain shows highly efficient utilization of substrate. Since Solid state fermentation (SSF) has a possible technology for the synthesis of products related to microbial. This process has minimum energy needs, generates less waste and is eco-friendly. Various parameters such as substrate concentration, temperature likewise other parameters which influence the yield will be varied. The product obtained will be estimated further using HPLC. Overall, the result indicates that bio-waste might be an appropriate substrate for the synthesis of lactic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, induction machines can be considered the backbone of various industrial applications due to the many characteristics such as rigidity, simplicity, high reliability, and low maintenance that can be manufactured for a long time. However, poor efficiency and power factor and increased amounts of torque ripple and losses significantly impact the performance and hence its efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of induction machines, the special design topology for stator and rotor configurations must be investigated and correctly estimated. This paper presents the analysis of the variable geometries of the cage's rotating bars. More specifically, the influence of dimensions and positions, as well as the shapes of the rotor rods, have a significant impact on the dynamic performance (developed torque, starting torque, ripple torque, starting current, power factor, harmonics, output power, and efficiency) are investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to create the optimum designs as well as calculations are used to optimize the shapes of rotor slots in order to improve starting performance characteristics such as starting current, initial torque, magnetic flux connection under starting conditions, and efficiency. Furthermore, the characteristic of the manufacturing material of the rotor are examined, and methods to reduce losses for an induction motor to enhance efficiency are examined. This paper focuses on the squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy transition from fossil energy to renewable energy (green energy) which is more environmentally friendly has been regarded as an utter necessity that requires policy. The study presented in this article is aimed at optimizing development of green energy in a situation of fluctuating fossil energy prices. The method used is a paper review and comparative quantitative-qualitative analysis, Strengths Opportunities Aspirations Result (SOAR) analysis on secondary data supported by empirical information in the energy industry. The paper on the topic of marketing strategy for the development of renewable energy using SWOT analysis was chosen as a comparison for the analysis of development through SOAR. Furthermore, the results of the comparison between SOAR and SWOT analysis are used as the basis for selecting alternative strategies. Exploration and exploitation of fossil energy requires a high investment, so optimizing fossil energy requires technology that is able to convert this energy into a more environmentally friendly, the management of fossil energy carried out five pillars, namely human resource development, application of new technology and information systems, processes, manufacturing, environmental protection, health and sustainability. Some examples of activities that have been carried out include the construction of solar-based power plants, micro hydro, and the development of bio gas. Greenovator programs that benefit the environment and society. The result of this review on the proposed alternative solutions for green energy development using and encourages a symbiosis between the governments - the community - the fossil energy industry - the green energy industry. As an alternative strategy towards optimizing the development of renewable energy, the use of fossil energy is still needed in the transition energy because the fossil energy industry can be in line with renewable energy development in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report the facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the green synthesis method using mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) peels waste extract (MPE) as the bioreducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were employed as the probe in the paper-based colorimetric detection of Pb2+. Initially, the MPE was prepared using a reflux system for a 3 h reaction, followed by mixing the AgNO3 precursor and the prepared MPE, then left undisturbed for a 6 h reaction until a dark brown solution of AgNPs was obtained. The AgNPs showed a strong visible absorbance peak at 415 nm that indicated the AgNPs were successfully formed, whereas there was no peak observed at 415 m for the MPE. Further investigation, the IR spectra revealed that the OH-groups of flavonoids derivative in the MPE have a main role in the AgNPs formation, while the XRD pattern confirmed the prepared AgNPs have face center cubic structure with the crystalline size of 11.38 nm as well as the SEM characterization showed a spherical to triangle morphology of AgNPs. The paper-based-colorimetric performance evaluation showed a wide linearity range from 8 ppb to 100 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) less than 12.50 ppm and high selectivity toward Pb2+ instead of Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ at 30 min reaction, indicating the green synthesized AgNPs have the potential for probe in colorimetric sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modification of the metal surface is one of the efforts used to increase the bonding strength to provide a good deposite for the hydroxyapatite layer. This study aimed to determine the effect of abrasive paper roughness and alkali heat treatment on 316L stainless steel for hydroxyapatite coating. The surface of the 316L stainless steel substrate was roughened using SIC paper 80, 400 and 1200 grit. Then soaked with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 24 hours at a temperature of 40 °C and then the substrate was sintered at a temperature of 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C with a holding time of 1 hour. The coating process is carried out using a dip coating method by immersing the substrate into the hydroxyapatite slurry and sintered at a temperature of 750 °C. The result of this study shows that sodium chromium oxyde (Na4CrO4) was successfully formed on the metal surface of 316L Stainless steel. The highest and lowest shear strength values were obtained on 80 grit samples with heat treatment temperatures of 700 °C and 600 °C, respectively 4.685 MPa and 0.465 MPa. The thickness of the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on 316L stainless steel obtained was 51.68 µm; 58.28 µm; 73.63 µm and 70.13 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the event of a power transformer failure, the utility could experience an interruption in its power supply. Many factors, including winding deformations, insulation deterioration, transient and overloaded conditions, etc., can lead to this kind of failure. This research explores the relationship between polarisation and depolarization current (PDC) measured from the oil impregnated paper insulation of a high voltage (HV) power transformer to reveal data about the state of the insulation used in these devices. Paper insulation in a power transformer has been documented to age in a non-uniform fashion. Popular models that can model non-uniform ageing include the conventional Debye model (CDM). In the current study, we employed CDM to foresee the performance of oil-impregnated paper insulation. Further, dielectric loss tan and overall insulation conditions have been explored, with the largest magnitude of Z evaluated from the transfer function (TF) of the CDM model impacting most to the insulation condition and projected moisture present in the insulation paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant demand has been placed on the building material industry, especially in the last decade due to the increasing population, which causes a chronic shortage of building materials. The current study aims at utilizing waste paper to produce papercrete bricks and study their engineering properties, a step towards sustainable development. Papercrete is rapidly gaining popularity in the building construction industry worldwide because of its environmental friendliness, low-cost and lightweight. The study considered literature and related ideas up to conceptualization and design of the trial ratio used in testing. Trial mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement at different proportions made papercrete bricks of dimensions 220×110×102 mm. The tests conducted included compressive strength and water absorption. The mixes of paper sludge, sand, and cement in the ratio of 50, 35, and 15%, respectively, gave the best results. The compressive strength increased with the increase in the curing period. The rate at which the papercrete bricks absorbed water reduced as the curing period increased for all the papercrete trial mixes. It was concluded that percentages of paper sludge less than 50% are recommended for non-load bearing walls such as parapet walls and partition walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformations are happening rigorously across all industries during this IR 4.0 era in almost every developing and developed country. In particular, healthcare sectors are digitally transforming to improve their services. This article is part of Oman's healthcare sector's digital transformation initiatives. The objective of this article is to study the digital transformation in the healthcare sectors of various countries. The outcomes will be used as inputs for digital transformations of Oman's health sectors. Research papers on digital transformation in healthcare sectors from Indonesia, UAE, Saudi Arabia, USA, and Brazil were reviewed. The main observations of this review are the main challenges of digital transformations in healthcare, the recommendations to overcome these challenges, and the value creation processes. Apart from this, other important insights are drawn from this study such as examples of digital transformation frameworks in healthcare sectors, digital transformation metrics, details of widely used healthcare applications, technology adoption methods or plans, and skills development plans for healthcare professionals. This study's outcomes will be taken into account and the relevant insights will be integrated into Oman's digital transformation framework for healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of facial recognition method has spread to many different industries, most notably smart attendance systems. But one major obstacle these systems must overcome is spoofing, which is the practice of people trying to trick the system by utilizing counterfeit or modified photos or videos. In the context of a smart attendance framework, this paper presents a smart anti-spoofing mechanism that can distinguish amongst real and fake faces with accuracy. The system that has been developed entails the generation of datasets that contain both actual and fake facial photos and videos, in addition to the application of a feature extraction and classification pipeline that is driven by deep learning. Furthermore, a number of data augmentation techniques, including translation, scaling, and rotation, are used to improve the effectiveness of the suggested system against different spoofing strategies. Empirical results show that these strategies support increased accuracy and durability in thwarting various spoofing attack types. With a 97% recognition rate overall, our anti-spoofing/mocking technology affords a stable and secure foundation for intelligent attendance systems. The study emphasizes how effective it is to create a strong anti-spoofing system specifically for keen attendance applications by integrating deep learning and soft computing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]