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Copyright of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy is the property of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sir William Robinson was the Governor of the Straits Settlements from October 1877 to February 1879. Robinson's presence in Malaysian history is practically non-existent, because of the dismissive statements of later commentators and the short length of his tenure. Robinson's relish of the governor's ceremonial role also contributed to his unpopularity by making him seem distant to the Straits community. Politically, Robinson continued the policy of indirect rule in the Malay States. However, he had concerns about its stability and the authority of the Residents in administering, preferring instead a policy of annexation. However, his suggestions were politely set aside by a Colonial Office resistant to change and also by the differing Malay States policy of his successor, Sir Frederick Weld. Conducted using qualitative methods, this research also used a wide range of primary sources including Colonial Office and Admiralty records, government gazettes, newspapers, and private correspondence. This study presents a more in-depth assessment of Robinson's contribution to Malaysian history, and finds that, despite Robinson's uncontroversial and smooth governance of the colony, the failure of his annexation policy in the Malay States overshadowed his achievements, making his tenure seem undistinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy is the property of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy is the property of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy is the property of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Hindu community is a minority group in Malaysia, living together with the majority of Muslim Malays. Following their migration to Malaysia during British colonisation, the Hindus have to endure various challenges. This study discusses the survival of Hindus in dealing with their religious concerns in the Malaysian Islamic environment. The issue that was identified and triggered critical concern among the scholars is the Islamisation agenda. A qualitative approach is employed to fulfil the objective of this study, which entails analysing works of literature. This study finds that the Islamization agenda discussed to be a major concern in the survival of the Hindu community is its apparent application from the government's Islamisation of policies, including the land allocation for temples and shrines and religious conversion. The findings also reveal that, despite the intimidation perceived by the Hindus on Islamisation, it has played a vital role in reforming their religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy is the property of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy is the property of Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)